The shipping news annie proulx essay

Arguing in support of the shipping annie proulx, refugees in Australia. Extracts from this document. Chinese-english Translation. ??Conflict occurs between the powerful and the powerless.? Annie Wang Plight of Refugees: A David and Goliath Story With conflict around the annie proulx, world rising exponentially, more and more people are fleeing torture and persecution, sacrificing their identity, in the hope of living a new and of the safe life in Australia. The Migration Act 1958 requires people who are not citizens and are unlawfully in Australia to be detained. This legislation ensures that asylum seekers arriving in Australia can be detained for unspecific and prolonged periods of time. No one wants to be a refugee: they just want to live a normal life like everyone else but they are powerless to change the situation in their country, to change their circumstances. This all began with an imbalance of equality, two sides fighting for supremacy and the shipping news annie proulx essay eventually fight for purification.

This has been the case across history with instances such as the genocide in Rwanda between the Hutus and the Tutsis, the dominance of the Nazis over the Jews and most recently the essay test taking strategies, fight for the shipping annie religious supremacy and purification in Afghanistan between the Taliban and the Hazara. Apa Research Paper. . read more. The recent riots on the shipping news annie, the Christmas Island detention facility that have attracted the attention of the media is just another example of the extent of refugees? rebellion against the subjection they endure while waiting for the Immigration officials sitting at their desks in Canberra to make a decision about their visas, their lives. Who are these powerful people that are once again making these asylum seekers powerless? They are, indirectly, the people of taking strategies, Australia who are responsible for rendering these people powerless. News Proulx. The Australian Government receives a mandate from the people through elections and it is the Government?s responsibility to act on behalf the people. We, the Australian people are the essay, powerful that are breaching their basic human rights. The Shipping Annie. The refugee discourse has now been exploited on multiple occasions to essays underlined gain votes from the Australian populace by both major political parties, with the United Nations High Commissioner of Refugees suggesting that the Australian Government implement policies regarding the asylum seekers based on humanitarian not political guidelines suggesting scepticism about government motives.

It has now come to ?the two major political parties are bickering about whether it is better to send them to Malaysia or Nauru?, rather than helping them and the shipping news spreading equality. . read more. The contention of the piece is that conflict occurs between a more powerful party and a powerless party and that it is a conflict of an equality imbalance. This persuasive piece delves into the conflict between ?the powerful? and ?the powerless? by firstly exploring examples of conflicts between the powerful and the powerless and then mirroring the nominated issue to show that this conflict occurs. Thereafter, the identities of the powerful and the powerless are explored and how the conflict is happening between is shown. The writing was based on a quote from the text, ?The Rugmaker of taking strategies, Mazar-E-Sharif?, ?The feeling of the shipping news annie, having no power to make things happen gets you?re your heart and you begin to question whether you are really a human being?, which depicts how the powerless can be crushed by the powerful, just by oppressing their power. The piece of writing draws other ideas from the text, such as the idea of leaving your future or fate in the hands of a stranger, which is paper, based on the idea of asylum seekers having their fate decided by a Government official. Another idea was the feeling of powerlessness leads to news annie the loss of test taking strategies, hope, in the shipping, the piece of strategies, writing the news annie essay, mental state of asylum seekers is explored after losing hope. . read more. This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in strategies, our GCSE Writing to Argue, Persuade and Advise section. Start learning 29% faster today 150,000+ documents available Just £6.99 a month. Join over 1.2 million students every month Accelerate your learning by 29% Unlimited access from just £6.99 per month. Related GCSE Writing to the shipping Argue, Persuade and Advise essays.

Letter to Editor on paper on autism, Refugees. The Shipping Annie Essay. This editorial presented a point of view concerning . Asylum seekers risk their lives embarking on a journey not knowing how long before they will reach land and an even greater risk as to where they will end up. He took up swimming only essay eight months before the the shipping news annie proulx, event and trained back home in a tiny hotel pool - when there were no guests. In his 100 metre heat, the strategies, two other competitors from Niger and Tajikistan were both disqualified for false starts, so he swam alone against the clock. The Shipping Annie. Britain isnt tough when considering whether to let asylum seekers stay here- far too . The houses they are allocated to are usually places where no one wants to live. As you can see, just finding a house would be quite a challenge, but they would just have to appreciate what they are given- although it may not be the best. Not just in Africa, not just to stop the crime of genocide, but stop any crime of major importance. in life You will be haunted, resumed the Ghost, by Three Spirits.

This is showing that Marley has come to tell Scrooge he will be haunted by three spirits because of the way he is living his life The second key event is in Stave 2 when the ghost of. Apa Research Paper On Autism. what he is doing with a drunk out of sight and earshot. News Proulx. The scene ends on a fantastic cliff-hanger. After we have witnessed Gerald and cause and effect of the internet Sheila's massively important conversation the audience see Sheila breaking up with Gerald. After this already exciting moment the inspector re-enters. The inspector simply says: Well? Studies have shown that 'the proportion of adults classified as overweight or obese increased over news the last ten years: for men from 52% to 62% and for internet women from news, 37% to 45%.' (ABS National Health survey, 2005-06) Australia is seen as a multicultural society. 33.8% United States (2008) 24.5% United Kingdom (2008) We are now more at risk of many obesity and health related issues like heart disease and diabetes than ever before. Not a very good endorsement for apa research our nation which promotes so much sporting prowess. of student written work Annotated by.

experienced teachers Ideas and feedback to. improve your own work. Marked by Teachers, The Student Room and Get Revising are all trading names of The Student Room Group Ltd. TurnItIn the anti-plagiarism experts are also used by: Want to read the rest? Sign up to view the whole essay and download the PDF for anytime access on your computer, tablet or smartphone. Start learning 29% faster today 150,000+ documents available Just £6.99 a month.

Looking for expert help with your English work? Created by teachers, our study guides highlight the the shipping, really important stuff you need to know.

Organisational Behaviour, Organisation Development and Reinventing the Organization. Chapter 1 . Organisational Behaviour, Organisation Development and the shipping, Reinventing the of a Organization. Define OB, OD and recognize need for change. Describe culture and understand its impact. Understand the psychological contract.

Describe five stages of OD. What are organizations like as work settings? What is the nature of the shipping, managerial work? How do we learn about organizational behavior? OB means how people behave in chinese-english translation any organization or we can say that it is the. analysis of human behaviour in the shipping an enterprise .This is an interdisciplinary field devoted in understanding of individual behaviour ,group behaviour ,interpersonal processes and group dynamics in essays the organization . OB is not just a single subject but an amalgamation of various subjects like sociology ,psychology,anthropology and the shipping news proulx essay, clinical psychology . Essays Underlined Or Italicized. OB is a specified branch of the behavioural science that is used to predict ,study and analyse behaviours of human capital at work in any organization .OB studies the effect of the individual and group behaviours on the organizational structure ,organizational change and on the organizational output quantity and quality too . 2. ORGANISATION AND THE WAYS TO STUDY IT IN DETAIL. Scientific methods models. Simplified views of reality that attempt to news, identify major factors and forces underlying real-world phenomenon.That which is logical and reasonable. Link presumed causes of events (independent variables) with outcomes (dependent variables). How to study organization. There are different ways to generator, study an organization . Annie Proulx Essay. The most used ones are mentioned below : Field studies are ways where organizations are studied on the basis of actual situation that occur in the an outside the essay generator organization . The researcher visit the the shipping news proulx essay organization individually and judge and study the chinese-english translation organization on the basis of what the organization is annie all about actually . Meta analyses use the statistical pooling from many studies to study the organization . This aggregating technique allows OB researchers to generalize and apply the conclusions to many OB situations.

Data are collected by means of various data collection methods , proper analysis is done then statistics is chinese-english essay applied to find out various inner characteristics of the the shipping news annie proulx organizations . By means of case studies various organizations are compared with similar type of market leaders and successful organizations and then the required changes in chinese-english translation the organization is made . Here actual happenings in different organizations and their ways of working are written in form of cases . So, that this cases may be analyzed to find out various features of the organizations . Scientific thinking is important to OD. In this method cause and news proulx, effect relationship are established , every explanation is supported with reasons and various mathematical data . Statistical methods are used for process analysis . The process of data collection is controlled and is done in a systematic manner . The proposed explanations are carefully tested by different experts . Those explanations that can be scientifically verified are only accepted in the scientific thinking method . Contingency thinking means taking decisions as per the requirement of the organizational situations or as per the need of the hour. Chinese-english Translation. The managers must understand the demands of different situations and the shipping annie proulx, develop responses that best fit the circumstances and people involved. Chinese-english. The decision must be bold and in time. OB scientific models gather evidence of how different situations can best be understood and handled. Modern workplace trends in an organization.

Now a days the ways people behave and the shipping news annie proulx, think , the essay test taking strategies ways they work , the relationship of the top management with the employees , the working patterns and the shipping proulx, the communication process in the organizations had drastically changed and developed . Commitment to ethical behavior. ---- The top management and functions, the employees are committed to the business and the shipping annie proulx essay, their customers to deal and be ethical . Importance of human capital.---- At present the human beings are given maximum importance for the development of the organizations . The human capitals are trained more , motivated and essay thesaurus generator, encouraged so, that their productivity will increase . Formal authority (command and control) replaced by group decisions and consensus.--- Centralized authority and power are no more there in place decentralized pattern of the shipping annie essay, authority , participative and group decision making are in use . Emphasis on teamwork.----- The modern trends emphasis in the formation , growth and development of efficient high performing teams . Chinese-english Essay. Team analysis , role analysis , role negotiation , outdoor lab method etc. are used to increase the productivity of teams . The teams are modern days base units over which the the shipping essay whole organization depend . Pervasive influence of of the internet, information technology. ----- The communication process has been developed a lot by digitalization and computerization of the communication networks . Computer networks and sattelite communications are used as the latest methods of information technology . Electronic data exchange , e- marketing , e-business and e- commerce are the news annie proulx modern days trend to deal with business . Respect for new workforce expectations.----- The employees feel that they must fulfill the organizational targets as well as the organizational expectations so, as to enhance their career and carry the organization up to the next height of success . Changing concept of careers.---- The concept of career has change now a days . More importance is given to the career plan , growth and development of career of the employees .The employees change their career so, as to reach new heights in cause and effect the career path . Multiskilling is having good importance in the career growth . 3. News Annie Essay. Organization And Some Important terms / terminologies And Processes Related To It. Organization is essay internet a collection of people working together in a division of labor to achieve a common purpose. The core purpose of an organization is the creation of goods and services. The mission statements focus attention on the core purpose. The organization can be studied from macro and micro point of views . 'Our Reason for the shipping news proulx essay, Being: Existence of organization. To serve our customers' health needs with imaginative science from plants and minerals;To inspire all those we serve with a mission of responsibility and goodness; To empower others by sharing our knowledge, time, talents, and profits; and functions essay, To help create a better world by exchanging our faith, experience, and hope.' Comprehensive plan that guides organizations to operate in ways that allow them to outperform their competitors. It is the basic game plan , where top management group, CEO and the senior supervisors are involved , these are the statements that help the organization to the shipping, have better competitive edge over the other organizations . There are strategies related to the organizational operations , regarding the recruitment process , regarding the survival strategy of the organization in the business world , regarding the expansion in the global arena . Strategies are the foundation rules for the creation , growth , development and existence of the organization . Strategies are used for cause and effect of the internet, structural transformation of the organization . See Tom's of Maine strategy that supports their mission. The people, groups, and institutions having an news annie proulx, interest in an organization's performance. There are people who are indirectly involved and are interested in the growth and development of the organization they are called the generator individuals stakeholders , they provide indirect financial support to the company . Various financial organizations such as banks and state financial corporations are also the stakeholders of the organization . The interests of multiple stakeholders sometimes cause conflict and create a situation of the shipping proulx essay, unhealthy organizational climate . The corporate culture is a long term hidden and exposed values beliefs and norms of the organization It is the shared beliefs and values that influence the behavior of organizational members. Generator. It reflects the internal personality of the organization . The corporate culture contains the corporate stories , corporate values , corporate artifacts , various ethos and the management practices that prevail in the organization since long . The Shipping Annie Proulx. The dress , the furniture, the building , the corporate structure are the major exposed part of the corporate culture.

The values , the ethos , the norms are the hidden part of functions family, corporate culture which remain inner most core of the organization . 'How we do things around here' This is a corporate culture where all work as team , where the efforts are complimentary and where the the shipping annie proulx human needs are given sufficient importance . The members are encouraged to work together in ways that meet higher order human needs. Members tend to act defensively in their working relationships .No new and innovative steps are taken in the organization . NO higher order cultural change occurs and thesaurus generator, no new things are adopted . The members are very cautious . Members tend to the shipping news annie proulx, act forcefully in their working relationships to chinese-english translation, protect their status and positions. Describe an proulx, organization you have worked for, or been a member of. How was the culture constructive? Defensive?

Aggressive? Explain. Individual differences of organizational members, based on gender, race and ethnicity, age, able-bodiedness, and sexual orientation. The work force diversity is a challenge and when use properly work as a boon for the organization. Refers to inclusiveness, pluralism and genuine respect for diversity and individual differences. Here individual values and underlined or italicized, ethos are respected and the shipping news annie essay, the differences are constructively used to avoid any type of conflicting situation in the organization . CLASS ASSIGNMENT 1.1 : 'One of your assignments this term is a team project. Please select and sign up for a team project.' Do you . . . Signal your friends in the classroom, and agree to on autism, sign up together for the same team. Wait for everyone to sign up, and then decide. Just pick a team randomly. Then study what happens ? 3. Manager his job and skills.

Manager is a very important term and cannot be explained in few words .someone who manages various jobs in the organization ,this is from a layman's point of view .But more technically we can say a manager is someone who supports and supervises others for better output of the organization .Manager is someone who get things done by others in time and as per the stipulated process .So, someone who can direct and control others and work to gain the news organizational goal . Now we will speak in more specific terms and functions family essay, define the term effective manager, an annie proulx essay, effective manager is a successful manager or a committed manager ,whose team is very capable and effective. The team of such a manager is highly motivated ,committed and continuously work to achieve the goal of the translation organization ,they remain happy and enthusiastic to annie proulx, face any constructive challenge so as to apa research paper on autism, put their organization in better competitive edge in the business world .Two very important concepts that is to be understood by any effective manager are as - the news annie essay task performance by the department or the apa research paper on autism division as a whole ,and the basic meaning of task performance is the proulx essay quantity and quality of the work done or produced by the department as a whole or as a group output. and the effective managers must feel the job satisfaction ,to say how the people feel satisfied or unsatisfied about their work and the work settings. The management process. Any organization when managed and run properly then it involves a number of processes and steps .Thus the management process can be broken down into a number of small steps so that we will be able to understand the essay thesaurus whole clearly .The basic steps of are as --- The first step is the planning. The second step is the organizing. The third step is the leading. The fourth step is the controlling . Planning --- One of the important operation of management process is news proulx essay planning which means making a frame work of how work will progress in chinese-english future in the organization . There are various types of the shipping news annie, planning depending on the time period the long term plans , the medium term plans and the short term plans.

Depending of the nature of the work there are financial planning , recruitment planning , marketing planning and over all operational planning . These planning are formulated by underlined or italicized, top management and executed by the shipping annie essay, middle level managers . Organizing --- Organizing means grouping and conducting various activity together . Different departments , different sections and different functions are organized by manager in such a way so, that the whole of the organization work as a single team . Leading --- Leading and leadership is very essential for the motivation and or italicized, encouragement of people in a group and team . Leading is required to achieve the organizational goal . There are various types of leaderships in any organization they are as participative leadership , autocratic leadership , mixed leadership , managerial grid leadership and the shipping news annie proulx essay, laize fare leadership . Controlling ---- Different types controls and accountability must be there to make the organization work properly . Different types of control are used by the organization are as financial and functions of a family, budgetary , internal and external inspections , audits functions and other human resource management control . Market analysis and improvement regularly reviewed and the shipping annie proulx essay, used as a control measure. The nature of managerial work. The managerial work has got immense importance in the organization so, we must know about the nature and apa research paper on autism, depth of manager's work . The manager is a person who guides all the activities in the organization. The nature can be clearly understood by the below mentioned facts --- Managers work long hours. Managers are busy people. Managers are often interrupted. Managerial work is fragmented and variable. Managers work mostly with other people. Managers spend a lot of time communicating.

The managers of any organizations are involved in various types of the shipping, organizational operations and related to the core management functions such as marketing , finance and human resource management function . All such function require full dedication and long term involvements of the thesaurus managers . There are various types of the shipping news essay, functions and thesaurus, responsibilities to be fulfill by the managers and to deal with internal and external environmental problems so the managers remain busy through out .There are rule regulations, change of strategy and plans , and obstacles and interruptions in the managerial work . The manager work in a fragmented and differentiated way and there are various variables which get effected and the shipping, get effects by the managerial work . The manager mostly work with the paper on autism employees , with the stakeholders , with the customers , with the the shipping news annie OD consultants and with various other people who are directly or indirectly related to the organization . Communication be it formal or informal , written or verbal or any other form are always vital parts of the managerial job . Managerial skills and competencies. An ability to translate knowledge into action that results in a desired performance of the individual and the organization . The five basic skills required by an effective manager are as ----- the technical skill , the human skill / people skill, the conceptual skill , the emotional understanding and essay, the social skill . The ability of a manager to perform specialized tasks is known as technical skill . Various managers are trained for different types of activities of the organization which work together to accomplish the objective of the organization . The Shipping News. They are as ---- the engineering skill , the accounting skill , the computing skill , the managerial skill etc. The ability to work well with other people is called human skill . This is very essential because by using this skill the managers form team / groups which are the basic functional unit of the organization . The capacity of a manager to analyze and solve complex and interrelated problems is known as the conceptual skill . On Autism. The concept of any problem is well understood and then analyzed to find out the solution by the shipping, using quantitative and qualitative techniques . Make the employees understand and work as per all such organizational concept . The ability to understand and deal with emotions. How to use the emotion to increase productivity and motivation of various teams . Self-awareness and to know the positive and negative points of taking, self must be well understood . Then only self correction and self-regulation can be possible . The manager should have the ability to work as a motivator , counselor and leader of different teams and groups . The manager must have respect for news annie proulx essay, other views , must have empathy and social skills too. 4. Moral Management 'This includes ethics in decision-making. There are certain ethical behaviour and moral activities in the process of management of any organization .The manager must be moral and work as per the proper wisdom of the organization . Doing the right things and essay test, avoiding all wrong activities . Immoral manager---- The manager who do not at all follow the ethical rules and perform their duties in annie a wrong and unethical way . Amoral manager ---- The manager who partially follow the ethics of management and business . Moral manager ---- Those managers who stick to apa research, the ethical and moral rules to perform their duty for the organization . Practices ethics mindfulness is vital for the qualitative upgradation of the organization . Learning is very essential now a days to fit in news annie the changing business world . Learning is an enduring change in chinese-english translation essay behavior that results from experience.

Learning are theoretical and practical . Theoretical by means of news annie essay, training and practical by means of on job activities . Continuous learning from everyday work experiences, colleagues, mentors, and chinese-english essay, training seminars and workshops. Process of news proulx, acquiring knowledge and utilizing information to adapt successfully to changing circumstances. The Workout: Organization Changes at GE. GE has training center for managers. Participants said GE was slow to make changes. Workout is program that came from sessions. Essay. In workout employees take the the shipping annie essay leadership in bringing about changes. GE continues to use workout so it can reinvent itself. 6. Challenges for Organizations.

There are various challenges for organization they are as the technological challenges , the social challenges , the cultural challenges, the structural changes and the political/ governmental changes . Functions Family. The. change avalanching down on us. Change is required because tomorrow's world different from today's. Organizations need to adapt the change. The organizations is in continuous interaction with external forces. The external forces to some time show the proulx essay path for change . Test. The organization must maintain a balance with the external environment so, as to survive and the shipping proulx essay, develop in essay a changing world . Figure 1.1The Organizational Environment. OD means long term and permanent alteration of some parts or the whole organization to the shipping news annie proulx, suit the requirement of the changing business world .To have a better competitive positing . OD means the.

long-range efforts and programs aimed at improving an organization's ability to survive by changing the problem-solving and renewal processes of the organization. Characteristics of OD are : Planned : OD is functions family a planned activity . The OD is not natural but an artificial and planned alteration . The top management , the influential persons of the organization , the the shipping news proulx internal consultants and the external consultants plan and execute this activities . This is a long and time consuming process . Organization wide : It affects every part of part organization . OD process starts from team then moves on to departments , from climate to essay taking, corporate cultural change and finally transforms the whole organization . Managed from top : OD requires top management commitment and support to succeed . The top management and CEO must encourage others to participate in the change management .CEO and top management work as a change agent and change catalyst . Increases organization effectiveness : OD helps in improving organizational goal achievement processes and enables the organization to achieve its objectives .The effectiveness of the groups and teams are increased to increases the news overall effectiveness of the organization . Planned interventions: We use interventions in organizational development ' these interventions enable the organization to improve their working. Essays. These interventions are sets of activities, that enable the organization to improve its working and goal achievement capability . These activities are planned by a team of internal and external OD consultants working together . Uses behavioral science knowledge : OD uses behavioural science model ' the purpose of OD is to use behavioural science (Psychology, sociology and other sciences) to improve the working of the organization . Table 1.1Major Characteristics of the news proulx Field of OD. Major characteristics of the field of OD. 2. Organization wide / wide range. 4. Increased organizational output. 5. Planned interventions. 6. Functions Of A. Use of behavioural science. 7. Developing Organization And Up gradation Of The Organization.

1.Meaning Of Organizational Development And Brief History Of organization Development :- The organization and the human capital in the organization required to be improved and upgraded to fit the challenging changing world of business administration. Organizational development means changing the news annie proulx essay organization positively and upgrading the human resources to maximize the organizational output . Various program and unprogramed ways and means are adopted to carry on the process of the organizational development. Science dealing with human behaviors are also used to activate the process of the organizational development . The concept of organizational development came into chinese-english translation, existence in annie proulx the 1950s.The field and name / fame of organizational development grow a lot in the 1970s-1980s when a lot of organizations throughout the apa research world came to know the fruitful output organizational development process. Essay. They came to know how to apply the behavioral science to maximize the organizational output and involve the people too.

''Organizational development is a process of improving and developing the organization.'' ''organizational development is thesaurus generator a planned way to optimize the output of the organization and to upgrade the human capitals too.'' ''Organizational development is a long term planning to permanently improve the organization by various artificial interferences.'' Organizational development take into consideration the human side of the organization. Various social and behavioral sciences used to carry on the process of organizational development are as:- B. Sociology organization and find out methods to artificially indulge in the shipping news annie the organizational development process and to train the. F. Theories of organizations. G. Organizational behavior. The above mentioned subjects helped a lot the experts to find out thesaurus generator means and ways to improve and upgrade the the shipping news human capital with latest know hows. Organizational development as per functions essay various experts:- B.Bennis:- ''Organizational development is response to change a complex educational strategy intended to change the values, attitudes , beliefs and structure of the news proulx organization so that they can better adapt the new technologies, markets and challenges and the dizzying rate of paper on autism, change itself.'' B. Porras-R-Son:- ''Organizational development is a set of the shipping news proulx, behavioral sciences based theories, values, strategies and techniques aimed at the planned change of the organizational work setting for the purpose of enhancing individual development and chinese-english translation, improving organizational performance through the alterations of the organizational members on the job behavior.'' C. Bruke:- ''Organizational development is the shipping news annie proulx essay a planned process of change in a organization's culture through the utilization of the behavioral science technologies , research and theory.''

D. Cummings and Worley:- ''It is a systematic application of the behavioral science knowledge to the planned development and reinforcement of the and effect internet organizational strategies, structures and the process of improving an organization's effectiveness.'' .EVOLUTION 0F ORGANISATIONAL DEVELOPMENT:- Organizational development can be traced long back in the shipping news essay the 1950s. Later on the social sciences and the behavioral sciences various organizations and customers contributed a lot to develop the evolutionary process of organizational development. Organizational development is in essay thesaurus the evolutionary stage only. There are various elements which is the shipping essay still in process to develop organizational development, they are as follows:- a. Field survey research of the targeted organizations and its people is the essay taking first one. b.Innovative indoor research of various cultures of the organizations and news proulx essay, the complex network of the human elements of the organization. c. The action research and its applications to develop the organization and its people.

e. The reporting of stage wise improvement of each stage. If required change the course and intensity of cause essay of the, action. f. Quantitative and qualitative improvement 's measurement of the organizational up gradation. g. The effects of the social factors. FEATURES OF ORGANIZATIONAL DEVELPOMENT:- a. Organizational development includes the whole organization.

The organization climate, organization culture, the the shipping news proulx essay organization structure, the organization hierarchy the human capital network all are subjected to organizational development. b. All the organizational human capitals are targetrd to change. Organizational development aims all improving human capitals of all work and corner of the organization. The whole gamut of the human research are influenced by apa research, organizational development. d. The effects of social / behaviors of human beings are taken into account. Organizational development aims at annie changing from the social points of view with the help of various behavioral sciences. d .It involves research as the part of its process. Behavioral research, survey research, action research and field researches are involved in functions of a family organizational development. e. Annie Proulx. Every levels of the organization are targeted for improvement. The strategic level, the middle level and the functional level all are subjected to organizational development.

f. Apa Research On Autism. Organizational development is consultative and suggestive in nature. Organizational development prescribes and gives ways and means to develop the organization. g.Views every thing as social complex things. The social angle of any organization is considered the most. h. Evolution is continual and stage wise. Organizational development is still in the evolutionary process. Germany entering 2nd decade of stagnation. A model of world in '70s and '80s. News Annie Proulx. Reputation as Europe's unchanging core. History of blaming others for problems. Some looking inward for causes.

Problem traced to job-protection law of '50s. Unions block proposals to reform labor laws. Here the essay taking strategies reasons will be discussed why OD is required in the shipping proulx essay any organization .Most cited reasons for beginning the change program: The level of competition which exist in the business world forces the subject organization to change to adjust with the changing business world . For the and effect essay of the internet survival of the organization in the changing environment OD is required . For better outputs of groups and the shipping annie, improved performance of the cause and effect essay internet organization OD is required . Primary Goals of Change Programs. The basic aim of the change are as --- Increase productivity of the organization and increase the profit of the organization by proper cost and resources control . The next aim of OD is to increase responsiveness. Then to reposition the organization and change the inner core of organization so, that to improve competitive position. This will help the organization to annie, survive for long . The OD process further aims at the increase employee involvement in different organizational processes . This will increase the motivation and encouragement , dedication and commitment and will increase employee morale.

OD aims at improving the decision making capacities , the group activities and to develop new managerial skills among the employees of the lower stratas . Table 1.2Major Goals of Large-Scale Change Programs. Major goals of change. 1. Competitive positioning. 2. Better survival techniques. 4. Better responses. 5. Increased involvement / moral. 6. Develop decision making / managerial skills. Factors Leading to Emergence of OD. There are different factors which will activate OD in chinese-english translation the organization . Need for news annie proulx essay, new organizational forms----- With the changing and developing world new forms of organization with improved and flattened structure are required . Focus on cultural change.------ When the culture of the organization become a problem in the path of organizational development then culture is required is to of a, be change . This is a slow and long process . Increase in social awareness.----- Also caused the emergence of OD . And further it is known that the Only Constant Is Change.

SO, change in organization is can not avoided . Today's managers need new mind-set. The Shipping Annie. ----- Today's manager work in a different way for cause and effect essay of the, fulfilling the organizational goal by the shipping news, any ethical means . They use the rule of flexibility and paper, innovation with right speed in the right direction . Constantly changing conditions.----- The constantly changing conditions of the environment produced various successful Firms. They share these traits of proulx essay, working at a faster rate . Apa Research Paper. They are very much quality conscious . They belief in delivering quality , goods and services .They encourage employees involvement in the customer oriented activities and other organizational operations too. Figure 1.2Changing Organization of the shipping news annie essay, Twenty-First Century. Technology Changing Organization Process change. OD in Practice: Trilogy Software. Trilogy Software example of shifting organizational structures. Workers are shareholders, managers, and partners. The biggest worry is not facing down other businesses. It depends on talented people. The Economy is cause essay of the fostering new kinds of practices. This case shows major element in planned change is planning for organizational culture.

Evolution of OD. Evolved since the late 1940s. NTL Laboratory-Training methods. Survey research and feedback. The OD practitioners consist of specialists and those applying OD in daily work: The professionals and specialists trained in OD.

They are from outside of the organization and are called the external consultants . The managers and leaders applying OD. They are from the organization it self and are called the internal consultants . Internal practitioners ' They are CEO , top management staffs or influential person from the shipping news essay within organization. These people are interested in the OD process and essay, use their power and authority to plan and execute OD. External practitioners ' The trained and the expert persons from outside organization are called the external practitioners . They are OD professionals who entre in to news annie proulx essay, contract with the organization to functions of a family, bring organizational transformation . The different function of the OD consultants are to work on news annie proulx essay the group level / team level to essay, develop the teams and to develop new leaders among the team members . They further aim at inter group collaboration and cooperation so, that quality can be achieved in every sphere of the organization and to activate total quality management in the organization. The consultants try to create an organization that easily interacts and give responses to change in the environment . Thus creating boundary less environment . The consultants changes the organizational climate and the corporate culture of the organization by altering the following ' The dress code , the pattern of organizational behaviour , the news essay value systems , the paper on autism norms and the beliefs of the people . This is the very vital process which is applicable specially to the newly recruited employees of the the shipping essay organization . By means of these process the employees are socialized with the organizational norms and rules . This is a process to introduce to the culture . This is a process that adapts employees to underlined or italicized, culture. The new employees become aware of norms. The employees encounter culture. Individuals understand power, status, rewards, and sanctions.

The responsibilities and risk in the culture are known by the employees with the help of news essay, socialization of process . Figure 1.3The Socialization Process. New employees + Norms / Values / Culture / jobs Socialization Process. Adjustment to essay test, Cultural Norms and Socialization Occurs in Three Ways. Rebellion ' The rejection of all values and norms occur in annie proulx essay this stage . Essay Thesaurus. In this process all rebels against the ground rules regulations of the organization . Conformity ' The second way to adjust is the the shipping proulx essay acceptance of all values and norms of the organization . Creative individualism ' The third way is the essay acceptance only of pivotal values; rejection of all others. Figure 1.4 Basic Responses to Socialization.

Rejection stage Acceptance stage Pivotal acceptance. It is the unwritten agreement between the individuals and the organization and are the open-ended so that issues may be renegotiated. A Model for Change. OD is continuing process with emphasis on viewing organization as total system of interacting and the shipping proulx essay, interrelated elements . A model to simplify the planning of OD and execution of OD is very essential . Model based works are having more percentages of success than others . Let us analyze and know about a five stage model of OD process . Figure 1.5 Organization Development's Five Stages. Need of change Building relation Diagnosis OD execution Control / monitor. 9. Five-stage Model for OD Process.

Stage one: Anticipating the thesaurus need for change. Someone recognizes the news proulx need for chinese-english translation, change. There must be felt need for change. To cope up with the changing world and to develop the organization the top management and the executives want to transform the the shipping news annie under develop or the faulty elements in on autism the organization . Thus in the shipping proulx the initial stage and essential need of change is detected out . Stage two: The second stage begins with the developing practitioner-client relationship. The external consultants are contracted and various ground rules are establish for working of the internal and external OD team . The OD practitioner enters system and introduced to the organization . Good first impressions and match important .There must be the proper adjustment of the organization and of the internet, the external change agent. The practitioner establishes trust, open communication and shared responsibility to proulx, build a relationship . Stage three: This is the chinese-english translation diagnostic phase. Here the problem is properly analyzed to highlight the actual area to work with . The practitioner and client gather data about system. The main aim is to understand client's problems, identify forces causing situation, and select change strategies. The data are tabulated and analyzed to develop proper action plan . Stage four: The action plans, the strategies, and the techniques to implement the analyzed the OD process practically are framed . This includes a series of interventions, activities, or programs aimed at increasing the effectiveness.

The programs apply OD techniques. OD implemented. Stage five: In the final stage the renewal has occurred .The OD team monitor cautiously for improvement and stabilizes the process . As the OD program stabilizes, need for practitioner decreases. Results been monitored and change stabilized . Gradual disengagement of annie proulx essay, OD practitioner occurs . The contract of the OD consultants ends . Questions for discussion ----- 1. Explain OB ? Hoe it is related with OD ? 2. Define organization ? What are its various elements ? Explain internal and external organizational environment ? 3. Who is a manager ? Explain the skills of a manager ? 4. Who are the OD specialists ? 5. Explain the model of change ? With the help of proper diagram. Key Words and Concepts. Action research model - collecting information, feeding back to client, developing and implementing action programs. Change leader - person responsible for change. Client - person or organization that is being assisted.

Creative individualism - questioning of peripheral norms, accepting of pivotal norms. External practitioner - person from outside organization who serves as resource for of a essay, change. Internal practitioner - internal resource for news annie proulx essay, change. Norms - organized and shared ideas regarding what members should do and feel, how behavior should be regulated, and what sanctions should be applied. Organization culture - system of shared meanings, including language, dress, values, norms of organization. Organization development - planned strategy to bring about change. OD practitioner - people using, advocating, and assisting others to implement OD. OD specialist - professional who has specialized and trained in OD and related areas. Peripheral norms - support and contribute to pivotal norms but not essential to organization's objectives.

Pivotal norms - essential to organization's objectives. Psychological contract - expectations between individual and organization. Socialization - process of cause of the, individual adjusting to organization's culture. If this essay isn't quite what you're looking for, why not order your own custom Management essay, dissertation or piece of coursework that answers your exact question? There are UK writers just like me on hand, waiting to help you. Each of us is qualified to a high level in our area of expertise, and we can write you a fully researched, fully referenced complete original answer to your essay question.

Just complete our simple order form and the shipping essay, you could have your customised Management work in your email box, in as little as 3 hours. This Management essay was submitted to us by a student in order to test taking, help you with your studies. This page has approximately words. If you use part of this page in your own work, you need to provide a citation, as follows: Essay UK, Organisational Behaviour, Development and Reinvention . The Shipping Annie Proulx. Available from: http://www.essay.uk.com/free-essays/management/organisational-behaviour-development.php [05-10-17]. If you are the original author of this content and no longer wish to have it published on our website then please click on the link below to essay thesaurus generator, request removal: Essay UK offers professional custom essay writing, dissertation writing and coursework writing service. Our work is the shipping essay high quality, plagiarism-free and delivered on time.

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The Complete Maus by Art Spiegelman. Cat and Mouse by Dr Jennifer Minter (English Works Notes, 2016) In a German newspaper article written in 1930s the author states, “away with Jewish brutalization of the the shipping news annie proulx people! Down with Mickey Mouse! Wear the Swastika Cross”. It seems as if the Germans were the aggrieved victims, taking revenge on the brutal mice. In his comic story, The Complete Maus, the Pulitzer Prize winning author, Art Spiegelman, utilises anthropomorphic imagery of the cat and mouse to depict his parent’s experiences in Nazi Germany. Using this unusual medium, the chinese-english translation essay cartoonist graphically relates the Holocaust story based on a series of interviews with his father that took place between 1972 and 1982. In these stories, he foregrounds Vladek’s experiences of horror, during which he survived 10 months in annie proulx, Auschwitz. However, as a child of a survivor, Art’s story also humorously and poignantly interweaves his own trauma as well as the parents’ love story and the subsequent suicide of the beloved wife and translation, mother, Anja.

As these stories of the past and present clash and collide, so readers become aware of the pain of broken, disrupted relationships. The Shipping Essay! Vladek died in 1982 of “congestive heart”; in 1986 the first part of Maus was published to critical acclaim. The novel is presented in two parts: the first part, My Father Bleeds History , focuses primarily on Vladek and the stories of the Jews living through the Nazi occupation of Poland from 1939 to 1945. Art’s interviews with Vladek focus on strategies, his stories of survival and courage. Annie! The second part, And Here my Troubles Began , continues the story of his parents’ incarceration in Auschwitz but also includes more of apa research on autism Art’s own personal story as he seeks to understand the delayed trauma of an Auschwitz-related son. One of the shipping news annie essay his most pressing points is that the scars are generational: the apa research paper psychological scars of the parents continue to haunt subsequent generations. The comic story is loosely conveyed in chronological order, but with narrative present-time intrusions that focus on the interview process itself and the act of remembering what is the shipping news proulx essay essentially a horror story. Chinese-english Essay! Centred around the father’s memories, Art also includes aspects of the shipping annie his own frustrating relationship with his father as he seeks to deal with his excessively neurotic and obsessive attitude to money, disease and death.

Vladek’s recount, related in broken English and awkward grammar, gives an impression of spontaneity and authenticity. “I’m telling not rumors, but only translation what really I saw” says Vladek, who as a tinman, helped to disassemble the gas chambers in Auschwitz because the Germans did not want to leave a “sign of all what they did”. “For this I was an eyewitness” (229). The Shipping! Sadly, though the destruction of Anja’s diaries ruin other first-hand stories that would have complemented and of the internet, validated Vladek’s. The Shipping News Annie Proulx! Whilst the first-hand stories loom large, the cartoonist is also aware of the “rebuilding” process and the fact that he is recreating the father’s memories at apa research on autism, the same time. (258) At times, Art despairs of the enormity of this task; he realises that reality is the shipping too complex for comics and agonises over the fact that “so much has to of a be left out or distorted” (176). Annie Essay! In Auschwitz, the outline of the captions become sharp and serrated as Art struggles with his frustration at trying to draw the father’s experiences as a tinsmith. (207) This is then, always the essay test strategies case when “rebuilding” and “reconstructing” remembered stories. Furthermore, Spiegelman also includes historical facts that complement the documentary-style black and white graphics to authenticate his father’s memories. The incorporation of these facts and the sparse and direct drawing style reflects the cartoonist’s obsession with the macabre style documentary footage that so obsessed him during his research. The Shipping News Annie Proulx! For example, the cartoonist, notes factually, from May 16 to May 24 in strategies, 1944, over 100,000 Hungarian Jews were gassed in Auschwitz.

Likewise, the map of the shipping news proulx Poland (p. 62) highlights the three divisions. Jews are systematically rounded up and sent to the “Protectorate” in Poland which has been simply identified on the map. Vladek and Anja live in Sosnowiec — in the ‘REICH” which was “annexed to Germany” (62). The story of life as a Jew in Poland during the Nazi occupation is the obvious focus of the interviews. However, Art broadens the story to include a snapshot of his father’s post-traumatic stress that suffocates him as he tries to deal with the enormity of his loss. A touch of black humour conveys this depiction, which is both poignant and mocking. Art ridicules the father’s neurotic obsession with pills and death; it also seems impossible for cause essay internet Vladek to have a fulfilling relationship with Mala because of the grief over his wife and the traumas that still beset him. Vladek imagines that Mala is stealing his money; he imagines her screams upon his deathbed: “I want the money.

The money. The money”. (129). The Holocaust narrative. Despite his anxiety at trying to convey the complexity of the Nazi occupation, Spiegelman achieves an the shipping news annie proulx, amazingly simple portrayal of the power and brutality of the Gestapo and the impotence and emasculation of the Jews. The visual images whereby Spiegelman anthropomorphizes the main protagonists endow the essay thesaurus generator narrative with a sense of the shipping news essay childlike simplicity and test, directness. However, the animalistic imagery also gives an impression of the wild jungle. (In Dachau they are like “wild animal they would fight until there was blood.”) The cat-like Gestapo with their gruesome expressions, often with hats and overcoats and usually with batons or guns, dominate many of the images as an omnipotent, evil force that robs the Jews of humanity.

For example, in Solniewic, when the Jews are marched to work “every day” for “about an hour and a half” the cats, in the shipping annie proulx, black uniform, are quick to beat them. Typically, the mice-like compliant and essay test strategies, petrified Jews are completely dehumanized. The cats have vicious dogs which they use to sniff out the Jews (113) Vladek’s direct narrative relates how the family skillfully foils both the dogs and the guards. “Even when they came with dogs to smell us out – and they knew that Jews are laying here – but still they couldn’t find.” (113) 210 In the Camp, the Gestapo – “finished” one guy off because he did not stand straight in the Appel. “I heard he pushed him down and news proulx, jumped hard on his neck”. Graphically, the powerful Gestapo stomps on a body. Essay Generator! “He never anymore complained”. Only rarely did a guard have a heart and the one who did in Auschwitz was soon moved. Retaliation was difficult; if you killed one German they killed “fast a hundred from you” (233/239) Contrastingly, the Jews are portrayed as the faceless victims of the German pogrom; they are stigmatized and portrayed as vermin. One Jew carries a sign “I am a filthy Jew”. Emblazoned in the background, the swastika appears in a circular shape in four frames to highlight its overwhelming power and the shipping news proulx essay, its allegedly honourable aim — to rid the paper towns of Jews, “This town is Jew Free”. The Shipping News Proulx! Once the rabbi departs, Vladek states, “I never heard again from him.

It came such a misery in Warsaw, almost none survived.” The Jews are often grouped together en masse to show their vulnerability and anonymity. Thesaurus! To the Gestapo, their background, profession, age and annie proulx essay, gender are irrelevant. As Spiegelman would suggest, it is easier to bash to death contaminated vermin. It is harder, when such people have individual human dimensions. During one such evacuation, Jews are rolling on functions, the ground like the the shipping annie proulx “neighbour’s dog” (242). Children were treated just as, if not more, brutally. Test Taking Strategies! During one massacre, four young girls got hanged a “long, long time’. Jews are typically depicted as faceless animals, as vermin. The dangling legs of one such victim suggest that anybody could be tortured and killed.

Killing is an the shipping annie, impersonal business. (p. 85). However, specific captions draw attention to personal characteristics to remind viewers that individuals, families and communities are being systematically destroyed. Many of the Jews hanging from the stake sport their respectable professional business attire. One is Mr Cohn who “had a goods store.” As such, Art critiques the German’s shameful tendency to essay test taking strategies stereotype or objectively categorise the Jews in order to exterminate them. At times, the graphics and news annie, numerous motifs are childlike in their simplicity as Spiegelman seeks to convey the complexity of the horror. Trains symbolise loss and displacement on a grand scale.

They were used by the SS in their systematic attempt to essay test strategies rid the state of Jews and to ship them to various destinations. In one image, the train is depicted as a long unending block of black colour transporting Vladek to the shipping annie essay Lublin where Jews could be summarily killed “in the streets!” (62) (Vladek cannot believe, when he is finally exchanged on the Swiss border, that there is a “train, not for of a family cows and horses, but a real train to take passengers — a train for people!” (257) One of the most poignant moments in Vladek’s recount is the separation from the parents of the young children, Lonia and Richieu. The parents feared that they would be killed if kept in the shipping news proulx, Srodula and apa research, safer if sent to Zawiercie with Uncle Persis. The barbed wire (110) separates the young kids from the the shipping proulx parents as a reminder of the cause and effect internet inhumanity of the news proulx essay regime. Chinese-english! (“It was the last time ever we saw them; but that we couldn’t know”.) At that time the SS guards sent 1,000 people to Auschwitz; to stop the the shipping kids from essays underlined or italicized, screaming, the the shipping essay guards “swinged them by the legs against thesaurus, a wall…” and “they never anymore screamed”. (110) Sadly, Tosha poisoned herself and the kids because she refused, stoically, not to be sent to the gas chambers. The father is depicted as a kind, compassionate and innovative creator — a portrayal which at times contrasts with the older Vladek who appears domineering and unhelpful. During his war-time experiences in news annie essay, Poland, if Vladek doesn’t have a skill he invents it to survive; he becomes a tinman, carpenter and chinese-english, shoemaker in Auschwitz.

He was always friendly and charming; he always found someone at the last resort who would help him, share food with him, or shelter him. In Dachau, the French prisoner shares food received from the Red Cross with Vladek — “it saved my life” (253) Both he and Anja used their language skills to advantage; Anja taught Mol ‘s son German; Vladek was often teaching the annie proulx Kapo or guards English. He was always confident, and, resourcefully exploited situations to his advantage. During his sessions with the psychologist, Art agonises over the fact that it was not necessarily the best people who survived, but that good ones did survive, often despite themselves. (205) Vladek is an excellent example of the resilient and resourceful survivor, whose luck runs mostly in his direction. He saves everything, because food scraps are so precious. He uses their precious gems as barter, but those who buy and chinese-english, sell on the black market are routinely hanged.

It is again a question of luck. As Vladek’s story shows, much depends upon making the annie right decision at the right time. For example, when he and Anja hide in Mrs Kawka’s farm (Szopienice) 20 kms from Sosnowiec he must catch the tram back into the city, to the Dekerta courtyard. Vladek states that he alights in the front car with the Germans and Officials where they paid no attention. “In the chinese-english essay polish car they could smell if a Polish Jew came in” (142). The comic image shows the differences in the two compartments of the news annie proulx essay streetcar with German officials parading in the second. And Effect Of The Internet! (At Mrs Motonowa’s, after her husband’s return, they stay in news annie, the cellar with big rats and live on candy for three days, p. 150 .) At least the rats won’t kill you; they learn to be “happy even to have these conditions”. The children were often the biggest dangers, yelling at Jews whenever they saw someone suspicious. They were indoctrinated: “be careful. A Jew will catch you in a bag and eat you.” (151) During the and effect essay internet evacuation, Vladek was lucky to be one of only 25 of essay 200 Jews who got out of the train alive (245).) (However, Vladek makes an on autism, extremely costly error that leads to the end of the road – Auschwitz. Anya suspected the smugglers but for once Vladek let down his guard. His nephew Abraham’s letter reassured them that they would get to Hungary, but later in Auschwitz he revealed that he wrote the letter under threat of the shipping annie proulx death.

Ironically, Vladek’s brother Miloch was living in test taking strategies, much worse conditions: almost in a garbage bunker, but survived the war when he moved to Mrs Motonowa’s cellar after Vladek and Anja left. The Shipping News Proulx Essay! (155)) Vladek’s clear and simple narrative constantly punctuates the stark horror of the graphic images reminding readers of the sheer terror and heartache of the victims as they are hurled onwards towards Hitler’s final solution. Arriving at taking, Auschwitz and confronted by the slogan “Arbeit Macht Frei”, Vladek is aware that their chances of survival are minimal despite their valiant attempts to resist: “And we knew that from here we will not come out anymore”. Such simple statements ring true given the brutal depiction of the SS-cats wielding batons, the leaping dogs and the locked train carriages which tower over the helpless Jew holding up his arms in a surrender. Another caption states, “we knew everything, and here we were” to reinforce again the inevitable march towards oblivion; it is a picture of evil. (159) The double width frame of the screaming Jews tell of the shipping their unspeakable pain at being burned alive. “And the fat from the burning bodies they scooped and poured again so everyone could burn better.” (232). The beginning of Vladek’s story also presents the parallel love story between the parents as Anja replaces Lucia as preferred fiance. Vladek sustained his wife, especially after the death of family members. She was devastated to have lost most of her family and test taking strategies, “now they’ll take Lolek”. She lies completely dejected on the bed; Vladek’s face is omitted from the top of the graphic to show her inconsolable state (124) He urges her, “to die, it’s easy” but you have to struggle for life! .. We must struggle together. I need you.” He promises and convinces her, “And you’ll see that together we’ll survive.” (124).

During this sequence of statements, Vladek’s face becomes increasingly larger until he dominates the clip and suggests hope and the shipping proulx essay, courage (124). The high-angled long shot of Vladek and Anja walking hand in hand along a road configured as a swastika (127) shows their solidarity against an invincible enemy. The confusion, the hopelessness, (“Anja and I didn’t have where to go”) and the constant danger that beset them both provide the dramatic tension in the narrative. The love story becomes particularly poignant when Anja and apa research paper on autism, Vladek are separated in Auschwitz and Birkenau. The Shipping News Annie! Manci intervenes only because she is touched by their love. Anja was in Birkenau with 800 people in on autism, a building made for 50 horses, just a “death place” (211) the news makes them all sob.

Mancie helped pass messages between Anja and proulx essay, Vladek and he sends food. “You always arrange miracles” 217. Apa Research Paper On Autism! He received a beating such as the likes that would have killed Anja, just for talking to a prisoner/his wife. News Annie Proulx! (217) The Jews are often examined; lined up as skeletons – naked and bony and test, separated. The Shipping Annie Proulx Essay! (218) The gas chambers are often referred to euphemistically as “the other side” (218). The big ugly face of the Guard seeks to underlined or italicized intimidate them all during the news “Appel”; the friends do not betray her. “You can IMAGINE what she went through”. Paper On Autism! During a typical “Selektion” (the use of German terms throughout Maus suggests that there is no translation for their unique agenda of genocide) the dangerously thin Vladek escapes to the shipping annie proulx essay the toilet to test taking avoid examination. (227) (Manci protected Anja who ended up in Ravensbruck and back in Sosnowiec before Vladek, crying each day as she waits and checks with the Jewish Organisation.) Art depicts their reunion as a happily resolved love story. News! “Everybody around was crying together with us”. Essays Underlined Or Italicized! “We were both very happy and the shipping annie essay, lived happy, happy ever after”. Test Strategies! And he finally addresses Art as Richieu, dreaming of his lost son. (296), suggesting the beginning of the trauma. The character of Vladek in Germany contrasts with his post-war story in the shipping news essay, America. In Germany, Vladek has always an ‘amazingly present minded and resourceful’ person, both during the war and the present day in which the comic was set. Essays! However, he becomes stingy to the painful shame of both Art and the shipping news, Mala. Apa Research On Autism! For example, Vladek always saved cigarettes and tried to return the groceries and even “partially eaten food” to ‘Shop-rite’ (249). Essay! Such as when he boasts that he received six dollars worth of new groceries for only one dollar, His character often seems to change little; it is rather the environment and the society’s standards that change.

One of essays Vladek’s most enduring memories is that he survived because “I saved” and this somehow troubles Art as he recognizes the caricature of the stingy Jew, which he also, conveniently, sets up for ridicule. Mala believes that it causes him “physical pain to part with money”. As a writer, Art is also acutely aware that his father “is like the racist caricature of the miserly old Jew”. (Accordingly, Art exploits but ridicules the the shipping news annie father’s miserly habits in an attempt to personalise the stereotype.) However, Mala notes that it’s not necessarily the camp that has made him miserly as many of the Jews who had similar experiences did not end up so profligate. (Art despairs of his father’s efforts to fix the drainpipe; he climbs on the roof and essay test taking, nearly has an accident (p.98).) The blending of the annie past into the present is often reinforced by a palimpsest technique. The four girls who were hanged were also good friends of essays or italicized Anja. Art’s car in the foreground seamlessly passes the hanging bodies. (239) Likewise the grid of fifteen boxes peels away to reveal an aerial shot of Auschwitz dominated by the black smoke. (211) The palimpsest is symbolic of a variety of forms of separation, although the past seeps into the present.

The narrative of the nine remaining frames focuses on the parents’ separation as Vladek outlines the plain, historical facts of the two camps, Auschwitz and Birkenau (211). However, the black band between Art and Vladek in the panels also reinforces the separation between father and son; their roles as interviewer and interviewee become symbols of the gulf forged by their different experiences. Ironically, both are now separated from mother and news annie proulx, wife through her suicide, the shadow of which becomes the most traumatic reminder of the bleeding of the past. Self as protagonist. Art’s parallel story shifts the emphasis to the aftermath, the consequences and the effects on the people, e specially as Art would be aware of the fact that there are already numerous texts dealing with the horror. The incorporation of self as protagonist in the comic enables him to essay elaborate on the Jewish population’s ‘ceaseless’ battle. More importantly however, Art’s inclusion in the comic gives him the proulx essay opportunity to express his own personal guilt as to whether or not he should be prospering from his ‘presumptuous’ comic and his anxiety about the enormity of the chinese-english essay task. “I can’t even make any sense out of my relationship with my father. How am I supposed to make any sense out of Auschwitz”. The Shipping News Annie Proulx Essay! (174) Art explores the essay thesaurus consequences of growing up with such a miserly father, who has been irrevocably influenced and the shipping news annie proulx essay, psychologically warped by essay generator, the experience of annie proulx horror. By inserting his own feelings and experiences into the story, there is essay always a direct or implied comparison. By presenting the parallel experiences of father and son, Art suggests that as a son, removed from the holocaust experiences, his experiences will always pale into the shipping insignificance.

In other words, anything he achieves is dwarfed in comparison by underlined or italicized, the father’s achievements of survival Auschwitz. The Shipping Annie Proulx! “No matter what I accomplish, it doesn’t seem like much compared to surviving Auschwitz”. Essay! (204) As a result it is just as much a personal journey of discovery and growing up as it is a story about essay, horror and instruction. Immediately in essays, the prologue, Art foregrounds his relationship with his father to focus on the difficulties of growing up in families dominated by holocaust victims and the transference of news annie essay emotional and psychological scars. We are constantly reminded throughout the comic that “my father’s ghost still hangs over me,” and later, that the father “took his guilt out on or italicized, you”. As an eight-year old, Art is deserted and humiliated by friends whilst rollerskating in the street. The father offers advice to Art that is based on his traumatic experiences during the holocaust. In the caption, spanning the double-width frame, Vladek states, “if you lock them together in a room with no food for a week … then you could see what it is friends!” The father seems unable to proulx essay comfort Art because of their different and functions of a family essay, unbridgeable experiences of “friendship” and horror. Annie Proulx Essay! (Later, readers become aware of the parents’ attempt to survive three days on a small amount of candy, or their attempt to ward off hunger by nibbling wood shavings — a testimony to the parents’ strength and friendship.) In a close-up shot, Art exaggerates the father’s saw and his work to essay internet depict a fractured relationship owing to the father’s evasion through distracting physical work. (Perhaps showing his obsession to constantly “fix” things.) Another close-up shot reminiscent of a fireplace-crematorium becomes just a small element in the long-shot picture of historical prison-like conditions that dwarf the prisoners.

Art and his father are reduced to an insignificant margin in the background suggesting that their relationship is dwarfed by the father’s traumatic holocaust experiences. However, the the shipping annie proulx father advises Art to develop resilience by placing his own experiences into perspective. That Art’s childhood experiences are insignificant compared with his father’s becomes the subject of his discussion with Pavel, the psychologist, thus showing that Art does indeed ruminate frequently over this sense of disadvantage.) Art’s relationship with his father. Art’s conflicting emotions fuelled by overwhelming guilt are evident in strategies, the varied motifs and the combination of imagery and captions. The crux of the psychologist’s diagnosis, “he took his guilt out on you”, alludes to the shipping annie essay a real and impenetrable psychological barrier between father and son that prevents a secure and trustworthy relationship. Art visits a psychologist (wearing a mask) to help him deal with his personal trauma; this suggests that he too has suffered the consequences of his parents’ horror; he has born the family essay brunt of his mother’s depression who is clearly unable to deal with the hidden ghosts and killed herself in the shipping news proulx essay, May 1968. Underlined Or Italicized! Art embeds the comic strip that was done for “an obscure underground comic book” which Vladek inadvertently found. The Shipping News Proulx! The very dark tonal shades of the graphics in functions family, “Prisoner of the Hell Planet” reveals Art’s sense of news annie essay suffocation as he struggles to thesaurus deal with his father’s overbearing personality and his mother’s depression and eventual suicide in May 1968. As Art comments, his father’s guilt strangles and news proulx, challenges him — the on autism psychologist says he “took his guilt out on YOU, where it was safe … on the REAL survivor” (204).

Entitled “Prisoner on the Hell Planet; a case history”, the short comic reveals a significantly different artistic style. Starting with a simple, poignant photo of mother and son as if from proulx essay, a family snapshot album, the comic strips are incredibly dark as Art delves into his subconscious grief. The captions are almost typewritten in perfect script. A string of of a essay half faces with a tear is interrupted by the grim reaper type figure: “She’s dead. A suicide. I felt angry, I felt numb. I didn’t exactly feel like crying, but figured I should.” The striped pyjamas again signal the the shipping annie proulx concentration camps and the son’s guilt looms large. In the panel of Art’s last conversation with Anja, after trying to reassure her that he still loved her, “[he] turned away, resentful of the underlined or italicized way she tightened the umbilical cord.” (105). This caption, juxtaposed with the imagery of Art, himself wearing an Auschwitz inmate’s uniform and advising Anja that she has “committed the perfect crime,” reinforces his psychological vulnerability. She “shorted all my circuits … cut my nerve endings .. and crossed my wires”.

Furthermore, the motif of Richieu’s photographs display a constant reminder that Art can never assuage the horrors of his parents, nor can he replace their “ideal” son, Richieu.” The parents were in such shock about his death that they followed the vaguest of rumours searching orphanages throughout Europe (175). “it was an the shipping news essay, idea kid and I was a pain in the ass. I couldn’t compete” (175). Essays Or Italicized! The photo was a kind of “reproach” (“spooky having sibling rivalry with a photograph”. Not only annie essay can he not compete with a sibling who does not have tantrums, but he rationalises his guilt (“I never felt guilty about Richieu”) (176); instead he has nightmares about gas coming out of the showers and wishes he could have been in Auschwitz so he would have experienced the horror. “I guess it’s some kind of thesaurus generator guilt about having had an easier life than they did.” (176) Evidently, guilt swirls everywhere in the shipping news essay, the graphic novel claiming more victims after Auschwitz. Art as a writer/comic artist. The artist reflects Vladek’s command, “so now you can know what happened and God forbid we must never let this should never happen again.” Art’s sense of functions of a indignity looms large as he retells the stories of the the shipping proulx essay ‘victims who can never tell their side of the story’. Chinese-english Translation! “It’s an important book. People who don’t usually read such stories will be interested”. The father professes that even he is interested in comics, although he does not read them and predicts the son will be as famous as “Walt Disney” (135).

However, as writer and proulx essay, artist, Art is necessarily caught in an ambiguous situation, whereby to tell the essay test taking strategies stories of the victims he also feels he is exploiting their story and their horror. He does not want to benefit, but if he is to successfully capture their story then it will lead to success for the artist. Guilt swirls in the shipping news essay, the comic strip. He mocks the fact that it should have a message, and that everyone should feel “forever” guilty. “My father’s ghost still hangs over essay thesaurus generator, me.” He tried to be “fair” whilst he also shows “how angry I was”. The Shipping News Annie Proulx! (204) Maybe the father felt guilty about surviving and he “took his guilt out on you”; maybe Art is guilty because nothing can be compared with Auschwitz; he feels guilty proving his father wrong about his success. Paper! He also agonises over how to news visualize such horror. “My father worked in a tin shop near the cause and effect essay internet camp. I have no idea what kind of tools and stuff to draw. There’s no documentation”. The Shipping News Proulx Essay! (206) Art feels that he is wrongfully prospering from his presumptuous ‘critical and commercial success’ which was made achievable by test strategies, ‘over 100,000 Hungarian Jew who were gassed in Auschwitz’. Art realises that he ‘can’t begin to imagine what it felt like’ in the hellish prisons and the shipping news, warzones, how it would feel to lose the internet love of your life, and also how it would feel like to survive the war; yet he still publishes this comic which shows his second-hand understanding of the war. Art’s shrinking figure, smothered by the media pack, symbolizes his sense of entrapment, but he rationalizes that he did not exploit every possible business proposition.

However, he does feel ‘completely messed up’ at the thought of the shipping annie proulx ‘walking on top of essay test dead bodies’ to complete his comic. He was given lucrative deals, offered 50 per cent of the profits, but he just “wants my Mommy”. (202) The artistic son. Guilt manifests in annie proulx, the depiction of the essays disrespectful and the shipping news annie proulx essay, selfish son. There are numerous occasions in the comic where Art harshly characterizes his insolent attitude towards his father. Apa Research On Autism! For example, Art ‘promised’ Vladek that he would not write about ‘such private things’ between Vladek and Lucia; and Art also impatiently interrupts Vladek’s process of organizing his important medicine just so Vladek would tell him about Anja. News Annie Essay! Furthermore, Art consistently smokes inconsiderately in the presence of his frail and ageing father. It is not until after Vladek passed away that Art begins to reminisce and essays underlined, regret his negligence.

Art will always feel as though his ‘father hangs over’ him. However, in the end a guilt-ridden Art also feels that he may have contributed to the shipping proulx essay the deterioration of his father’s death and wonders whether he was a worthy son and whether he deserves the strategies success, which is heaped upon the Pulitzer Prize winning author. Samuel Beckett once said, “every word is like an unnecessary stain on silence and nothingness.”

43 Resume Tips That Will Help You Get Hired. When you haven’t updated your resume in news proulx essay, a while, it can be hard to essay know where to start. The Shipping. What experiences and accomplishments should you include for the jobs you’ve got your eye on? What new resume rules and trends should you be following? And seriously, one page or two? Well, search no more: We’ve compiled all the resume advice you need into one place. Read on for tips and tricks that’ll make sure you craft a winning resume—and help you land a job. Essay Taking Strategies. Your resume should not have every work experience you’ve ever had listed on it. Think of your resume not as a comprehensive list of your career history, but as a marketing document selling you as the perfect person for the job. For each resume you send out, you’ll want to highlight only the accomplishments and skills that are most relevant to annie proulx the job at hand (even if that means you don’t include all of your experience).

Job search expert Lily Zhang explains more about what it means to of the tailor your resume here . 2. But Keep a Master List of All Jobs. Since you’ll want to be swapping different information in and out depending on the job you’re applying to, keep a resume master list on your computer where you keep any information you’ve ever included on a resume: old positions, bullet points tailored for different applications, special projects that only sometimes make sense to include. Then, when you’re crafting each resume, it’s just a matter of cutting and pasting relevant information together. Think of news annie this as your brag file . 3. Put the Best Stuff “Above the Fold” In marketing speak, “above the fold” refers to what you see on the front half of a folded newspaper (or, in the digital age, before you scroll down on a website), but basically it’s your first impression of apa research a document. In resume speak, it means you should make sure your best experiences and accomplishments are visible on the top third of your resume. This top section is what the hiring manager is going to see first—and what will serve as a hook for someone to keep on the shipping essay reading.

So focus on putting your best, most relevant experiences first—and then check out apa research paper these five other marketing tricks to get your resume noticed . According to news annie proulx essay Zhang , the essays only occasion when an objective section makes sense is when you’re making a huge career change and need to explain from the the shipping news essay get-go why your experience doesn’t match up with the essay strategies position you’re applying to. In every other case? Consider whether a summary statement would be right for you —or just nix it altogether to save space and the shipping news annie proulx essay, focus on making the rest of your resume stellar. There are lots of different ways to organize the information on your resume, but the good old reverse chronological (where your most recent experience is listed first) is still your best bet. Cause Essay Internet. Unless it’s absolutely necessary in your situation, skip the essay skills-based resume—hiring managers might wonder what you’re hiding. Essay Strategies. The two- (or more!) page resume is a hotly debated topic , but the bottom line is this—you want the information here to be concise, and making yourself keep it to one page is a good way to force yourself to do this.

If you truly have enough relevant and important experience, training, and the shipping news essay, credentials to showcase on more than one page of your resume, then go for it. But if you can tell the same story in cause and effect of the internet, less space? Do. If you’re struggling, check out these tips for cutting your content down , or work with a designer to see how you can organize your resume to fit more in less space. News Proulx Essay. Can’t figure out how to tell your whole story on one page, or want to be able to include some visual examples of your work? Instead of trying to functions family essay have your resume cover everything, cover the most important details on that document, and then include a link to your personal website , where you can dive more into what makes you the ideal candidate. We’ll talk about getting creative in order to annie proulx essay stand out in a minute.

But the most basic principle of test taking strategies good resume formatting and design? Keep it simple. Use a basic but modern font, like Helvetica, Arial, or Century Gothic. The Shipping. Make your resume easy on hiring managers’ eyes by essay thesaurus generator using a font size between 10 and 12 and leaving a healthy amount of white space on the page. You can use a different font or typeface for your name, your resume headers, and the companies for which you’ve worked, but keep it simple and the shipping news annie, keep it consistent. Your main focus here should be on essay test strategies readability for the hiring manager. That being said, you should feel free to… Really want your resume stand out from the sea of Times New Roman? Yes, creative resumes—like infographics, videos, or presentations—or resumes with icons or graphics can set you apart, but you should use them thoughtfully. If you’re applying through an ATS, keep to the standard formatting without any bells and whistles so the computer can read it effectively. If you’re applying to a more traditional company, don’t get too crazy, but feel free to add some tasteful design elements or a little color to the shipping news annie proulx essay make it pop.

No matter what, don’t do it unless you’re willing to put in the time, creativity, and design work to make it awesome. 10. Make Your Contact Info Prominent. You don’t need to include your address on your resume anymore (really!), but you do need to translation essay make sure to the shipping include a phone number and professional email address (not your work address!) as well as other places the hiring manager can find you on functions of a essay the web, like your LinkedIn profile and Twitter handle. (Implicit in this is that you keep these social media profiles suitable for prospective employers.) You’ve heard before that hiring managers don’t spend a lot of time on each individual resume. So help them get as much information as possible, in as little time as possible.

These 12 small formatting changes will make a huge difference. The Shipping Proulx. Know that design skills aren’t your strong suit but want your resume to look stunning? There’s no shame in getting help, so consider working with a professional resume designer. This is arguably the thesaurus most important document of your job search, so it’s worth getting it exactly right! 13. Keep it Recent, Keep it Relevant.

As a rule, you should only show the the shipping annie proulx essay most recent 10-15 years of your career history and only include the experience relevant to the positions to which you are applying. And remember to allocate real estate on your resume according to importance. If there’s a choice between including one more college internship or going into more detail about your current role, always choose the latter (unless a previous job was more relevant to chinese-english translation the one you’re applying to). 14. No Relevant Experience?

No Worries! Don’t panic if you don’t have any experience that fits the the shipping news annie proulx essay bill. Instead, Zhang explains , focus your resume on your relevant and essays underlined or italicized, transferrable skills along with any related side or academic projects, and then make sure to pair it with a strong cover letter telling the narrative of why you’re ideal for the job. No matter how long you’ve been in a job, or how much you’ve accomplished there, you shouldn’t have more than five or six bullets in a given section. No matter how good your bullets are, the news essay recruiter just isn’t going to get through them. Check out underlined these tips for writing impressive bullet points . The Shipping News Annie Proulx Essay. You may be tempted to throw in tons of industry jargon so you sound like you know what you’re talking about, but ultimately you want your resume to essay taking be understandable to the average person. Remember that the the shipping news annie proulx first person who sees your resume might be a recruiter, an assistant, or even a high-level executive—and you want to be sure that it is of a family essay, readable, relevant, and interesting to all of them. Use as many facts, figures, and numbers as you can in your bullet points.

How many people were impacted by the shipping news essay your work? By what percentage did you exceed your goals? By quantifying your accomplishments, you really allow the hiring manager to picture the level of work or responsibility you needed to achieve them. Even if you don’t actually work with numbers, here are some secrets to chinese-english translation essay adding more to your resume . People hire performers, so you want to the shipping news proulx essay show that you didn’t just do stuff, but that you got stuff done! As you look at your bullet points, think about essay test, how you can take each statement one step further and add in what the benefit was to your boss or your company. By doing this, you clearly communicate not only what you’re capable of, but also the direct benefit the employer will receive by hiring you. If you’re not sure how to explain your impact, check out these tips for news turning your duties into accomplishments . Essay Of The Internet. Describing soft skills on annie essay a resume often starts to sound like a list of meaningless buzzwords, fast. But being a “strong leader” or an generator “effective communicator” are important characteristics you want to get across. Think about how you can demonstrate these attributes in your bullet points without actually saying them. News Essay. Zhang demonstrates here how you can show five different qualities with the same bullet point—try it yourself until you get the result you’re going for! 20.

Don’t Neglect Non-Traditional Work. There’s no law that says you can only put full-time or paid work on your resume. So, if you’ve participated in a major volunteer role, worked part-time, were hired as a temporary or contract worker , freelanced, or blogged? Absolutely list these things as their own “jobs” within your career chronology. If every bullet in essay test, your resume starts with “Responsible for,” readers will get bored very quickly.

Use our handy list of better verbs to mix it up ! Use keywords in the shipping, your resume: Scan the job description, see what words are used most often, and make sure you’ve included them in essays underlined or italicized, your bullet points. Not only is this a self-check that you’re targeting your resume to the job, it’ll make sure you get noticed in the shipping news proulx, applicant tracking systems. Stuck on which words to include? Dump the underlined job description into a tool like TagCrowd , which will analyze and spit out the most used keywords. What words shouldn’t you include? Detail-oriented, team player, and the shipping annie, hard worker—among other vague terms that recruiters say are chronically overused . We bet there’s a better way to describe how awesome you are. 24. Experience First, Education Second. Unless you’re a recent graduate, put your education after your experience. Chances are, your last couple of jobs are more important and relevant to you getting the chinese-english translation essay job than where you went to college. 25.

Also Keep it Reverse Chronological. The Shipping News Annie Proulx. Usually, you should lay down your educational background by listing the most recent or advanced degree first, working in reverse chronological order. But if older coursework is more specific to the job, list that first to grab the reviewer’s attention. Don’t list your graduation dates. The reviewer cares more about paper, whether or not you have the degree than when you earned it. If you graduated from college with high honors, absolutely make note of it. News Proulx. While you don’t need to list your GPA, don’t be afraid to showcase that summa cum laude status or the paper fact that you were in the honors college at your university. 28. Include Continuing or Online Education. Don’t be afraid to news proulx include continuing education, professional development coursework, or online courses in translation essay, your education section, especially if it feels a little light.

Kelli Orrela explains , “Online courses are a more-than-accepted norm nowadays, and your participation in essay, them can actually show your determination and motivation to get the essay of the skills you need for your career.” Be sure to add a section that lists out all the essay relevant skills you have for a position, including tech skills like HTML and essays or italicized, Adobe Creative Suite and any industry-related certifications. Just make sure to skip including skills that everyone is expected to have, like using email or Microsoft Word. Proulx Essay. Doing so will actually make you seem less technologically savvy. Chinese-english. If you have lots of skills related to the shipping news annie essay a position—say, foreign language, software, and leadership skills—try breaking out one of essays or italicized those sections and listing it on annie essay its own. Essay. Below your “Skills” section, add another section titled “Language Skills” or “Software Skills,” and detail your experience there. Again—we’re going for skimmability here, folks! Feel free to include an “Interests” section on the shipping annie proulx your resume, but only add those that are relevant to family essay the job. Are you a guitar player with your eye on the shipping annie essay a music company? Definitely include it. But including your scrapbooking hobby for a tech job at a healthcare company?

Don’t even think about on autism, it. 32. Beware of Interests That Could Be Controversial. Maybe you help raise money for the shipping news proulx essay your church on the reg. Or perhaps you have a penchant for canvassing during political campaigns.

Yes, these experiences show a good amount of work ethic—but they could also be discriminated against by thesaurus generator someone who disagrees with the cause. The Shipping News Annie Proulx. Zhang explains here how to of the weigh the decision of the shipping news annie proulx essay whether to include them or not. Do include awards and accolades you’ve received, even if they’re company-specific awards. Just state what you earned them for, e.g., “Earned Gold Award for having the company’s top sales record four quarters in a row.” What about personal achievements—like running a marathon—that aren’t totally relevant but show you’re a driven, hard worker? Zhang shares the proper ways to include them. Gaps and Other Sticky Resume Situations. If you stayed at a (non-temporary) job for essays underlined only a matter of months, consider eliminating it from your resume. News Annie Essay. According to chinese-english essay The New York Times ’ career coach , leaving a particularly short-lived job or two off your work history shouldn’t hurt, as long as you’re honest about your experience if asked in the shipping proulx essay, an interview. If you have gaps of a few months in your work history, don’t list the usual start and end dates for each position. Use years only (2010-2012), or just the number of years or months you worked at your earlier positions.

If you’ve job-hopped frequently, include a reason for leaving next to each position, with a succinct explanation like “company closed,” “layoff due to downsizing,” or “relocated to new city.” By addressing the gaps, you’ll proactively illustrate the essay thesaurus generator reason for your sporadic job movement and make it less of an the shipping proulx issue. Re-entering the workforce after a long hiatus? This is the perfect opportunity for a summary statement at the top, outlining your best skills and accomplishments. Then, get into your career chronology, without hesitating to include part-time or volunteer work. See more tips from Jenny Foss for chinese-english essay killing it on your comeback resume.

Don’t try to news essay creatively fill in gaps on your resume. Thesaurus. For example, if you took time out the shipping news annie of the workforce to raise kids, don’t list your parenting experience on your resume, a la “adeptly managed the chinese-english translation essay growing pile of laundry” (we’ve seen it). News Essay. While parenting is as demanding and intense a job as any out there, most corporate decision makers aren’t going to take this section of your resume seriously. 39. Ditch “References Available Upon Request” If a hiring manager is interested in you, he or she will ask you for references—and will assume that you have them. There’s no need to address the obvious (and doing so might even make you look a little presumptuous!). It should go without saying, but make sure your resume is free and clear of typos.

And don’t rely on spell check and essay, grammar check alone—ask family or friends to take a look at the shipping news essay, it for test strategies you (or get some tips from an editor on how to perfect your own work ). If emailing your resume, make sure to always send a PDF rather than a .doc. That way all of your careful formatting won’t accidentally get messed up when the the shipping hiring manager opens it on his or her computer. To make sure it won’t look wonky when you send it off, Google’s head of HR Laszlo Bock suggests, “Look at it in both Google Docs and essay, Word, and then attach it to proulx essay an email and open it as a preview.” Ready to save your resume and send it off? Save it as “Jane Smith Resume” instead of “Resume.” It’s one less step the hiring manager has to take. Carve out essays or italicized some time every quarter or so to news annie proulx essay pull up your resume and essay of the, make some updates. Have you taken on the shipping news essay new responsibilities? Learned new skills?

Add them in. Apa Research Paper On Autism. When your resume is updated on a regular basis, you’re ready to pounce when opportunity presents itself. And, even if you’re not job searching, there are plenty of good reasons to keep this document in tip-top shape. Photo courtesy of the shipping news essay Hero Images / Getty Images . Erin Greenawald is a freelance writer, editor, and content strategist who is passionate about elevating the standard of chinese-english translation essay writing on the web. Erin previously helped build The Muse’s beloved daily publication and news annie essay, led the company’s branded content team. If you’re an individual or company looking for help making your content better—or you just want to cause and effect essay of the internet go out to news annie proulx essay tea—get in functions family essay, touch at eringreenawald.com. Hmmm, seems you#39;ve already signed up for this class.

While you#39;re here, you may as well check out all the amazing companies that are hiring like crazy right now.

essay on tay john How public education cripples our kids, and why. I taught for thirty years in some of the worst schools in Manhattan, and in some of the best, and during that time I became an expert in boredom. Boredom was everywhere in my world, and if you asked the kids, as I often did, why they felt so bored, they always gave the same answers: They said the work was stupid, that it made no sense, that they already knew it. They said they wanted to be doing something real, not just sitting around. The Shipping News Proulx? They said teachers didn't seem to of a family essay know much about their subjects and clearly weren't interested in the shipping proulx, learning more.

And the kids were right: their teachers were every bit as bored as they were. Boredom is the common condition of schoolteachers, and anyone who has spent time in a teachers' lounge can vouch for essays or italicized, the low energy, the whining, the dispirited attitudes, to be found there. When asked why they feel bored, the teachers tend to blame the kids, as you might expect. Who wouldn't get bored teaching students who are rude and annie interested only in essay, grades? If even that. The Shipping Proulx Essay? Of course, teachers are themselves products of the essays underlined or italicized, same twelve-year compulsory school programs that so thoroughly bore their students, and as school personnel they are trapped inside structures even more rigid than those imposed upon the children. Who, then, is to blame? We all are. My grandfather taught me that. One afternoon when I was seven I complained to him of news proulx boredom, and he batted me hard on the head.

He told me that I was never to use that term in his presence again, that if I was bored it was my fault and no one else's. The obligation to amuse and underlined instruct myself was entirely my own, and people who didn't know that were childish people, to be avoided if possible. Certainly not to be trusted. Proulx? That episode cured me of boredom forever, and here and there over the years I was able to pass on the lesson to some remarkable student. For the most part, however, I found it futile to of a essay challenge the official notion that boredom and childishness were the natural state of affairs in news annie, the classroom. Often I had to functions of a family defy custom, and even bend the law, to help kids break out of the shipping news proulx this trap.

The empire struck back, of course; childish adults regularly conflate opposition with disloyalty. I once returned from a medical leave to underlined discover that all evidence of my having been granted the leave had been purposely destroyed, that my job had been terminated, and that I no longer possessed even a teaching license. After nine months of tormented effort I was able to retrieve the license when a school secretary testified to witnessing the plot unfold. In the meantime my family suffered more than I care to remember. By the proulx, time I finally retired in 1991, I had more than enough reason to think of our schools - with their long-term, cell-block-style, forced confinement of both students and teachers - as virtual factories of functions of a essay childishness. Proulx? Yet I honestly could not see why they had to chinese-english translation essay be that way. My own experience had revealed to me what many other teachers must learn along the way, too, yet keep to news essay themselves for fear of reprisal: if we wanted to we could easily and inexpensively jettison the old, stupid structures and help kids take an education rather than merely receive a schooling. We could encourage the essay, best qualities of youthfulness - curiosity, adventure, resilience, the capacity for surprising insight - simply by news annie proulx essay, being more flexible about time, texts, and tests, by introducing kids to truly competent adults, and by giving each student what autonomy he or she needs in order to take a risk every now and then.

But we don't do that. And the strategies, more I asked why not, and persisted in thinking about the annie essay, problem of schooling as an engineer might, the more I missed the point: What if there is no problem with our schools? What if they are the way they are, so expensively flying in the face of common sense and long experience in how children learn things, not because they are doing something wrong but because they are doing something right? Is it possible that George W. Essay Test Strategies? Bush accidentally spoke the truth when he said we would leave no child behind? Could it be that our schools are designed to the shipping news essay make sure not one of them ever really grows up? D o we really need school?

I don't mean education, just forced schooling: six classes a day, five days a week, nine months a year, for twelve years. Is this deadly routine really necessary? And if so, for apa research on autism, what? Don't hide behind reading, writing, and arithmetic as a rationale, because 2 million happy homeschoolers have surely put that banal justification to rest. Even if they hadn't, a considerable number of well-known Americans never went through the twelve-year wringer our kids currently go through, and news they turned out all right. George Washington, Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, Abraham Lincoln? Someone taught them, to be sure, but they were not products of a school system, and not one of them was ever graduated from a secondary school. Throughout most of American history, kids generally didn't go to high school, yet the unschooled rose to be admirals, like Farragut; inventors, like Edison; captains of industry, like Carnegie and Rockefeller; writers, like Melville and Twain and Conrad; and even scholars, like Margaret Mead. In fact, until pretty recently people who reached the age of essays underlined or italicized thirteen weren't looked upon as children at the shipping news annie essay, all. Ariel Durant, who co-wrote an enormous, and very good, multivolume history of the world with her husband, Will, was happily married at fifteen, and who could reasonably claim that Ariel Durant was an uneducated person?

Unschooled, perhaps, but not uneducated. We have been taught (that is, schooled) in this country to think of success as synonymous with, or at least dependent upon, schooling, but historically that isn't true in either an intellectual or a financial sense. And plenty of essay thesaurus people throughout the world today find a way to educate themselves without resorting to a system of annie proulx compulsory secondary schools that all too often resemble prisons. Essay? Why, then, do Americans confuse education with just such a system? What exactly is the the shipping annie, purpose of our public schools? Mass schooling of a compulsory nature really got its teeth into the United States between 1905 and 1915, though it was conceived of much earlier and pushed for throughout most of the nineteenth century.

The reason given for this enormous upheaval of chinese-english translation family life and the shipping news annie cultural traditions was, roughly speaking, threefold: 1) To make good people. 2) To make good citizens. 3) To make each person his or her personal best. These goals are still trotted out today on essay test, a regular basis, and most of us accept them in one form or another as a decent definition of public education's mission, however short schools actually fall in news proulx, achieving them.

But we are dead wrong. Compounding our error is the fact that the national literature holds numerous and essay surprisingly consistent statements of compulsory schooling's true purpose. We have, for example, the great H. L. Mencken, who wrote in The American Mercury for April 1924 that the aim of public education is not. to fill the young of the the shipping proulx essay, species with knowledge and awaken their intelligence. Cause And Effect Of The? . . The Shipping News Annie? . Essay Thesaurus Generator? Nothing could be further from the annie essay, truth. The aim.. . is simply to reduce as many individuals as possible to the same safe level, to breed and train a standardized citizenry, to functions family put down dissent and news proulx essay originality.

That is its aim in the United States . . . and that is its aim everywhere else. Because of essay thesaurus Mencken's reputation as a satirist, we might be tempted to dismiss this passage as a bit of the shipping proulx essay hyperbolic sarcasm. His article, however, goes on to trace the template for our own educational system back to the now vanished, though never to be forgotten, military state of Prussia. And although he was certainly aware of the underlined or italicized, irony that we had recently been at war with Germany, the heir to annie essay Prussian thought and essay generator culture, Mencken was being perfectly serious here. Our educational system really is Prussian in origin, and that really is cause for concern. The odd fact of the shipping news a Prussian provenance for our schools pops up again and again once you know to look for it. William James alluded to it many times at the turn of the century. Orestes Brownson, the hero of Christopher Lasch's 1991 book, The True and Only Heaven , was publicly denouncing the Prussianization of American schools back in of the, the 1840s.

Horace Mann's Seventh Annual Report to the Massachusetts State Board of Education in 1843 is essentially a paean to the land of Frederick the Great and news annie proulx essay a call for essays underlined, its schooling to the shipping news annie essay be brought here. That Prussian culture loomed large in America is family essay, hardly surprising, given our early association with that utopian state. A Prussian served as Washington's aide during the news annie proulx, Revolutionary War, and so many German- speaking people had settled here by chinese-english translation essay, 1795 that Congress considered publishing a German-language edition of the federal laws. The Shipping Annie Proulx Essay? But what shocks is that we should so eagerly have adopted one of the chinese-english translation, very worst aspects of Prussian culture: an educational system deliberately designed to produce mediocre intellects, to hamstring the the shipping proulx, inner life, to deny students appreciable leadership skills, and to ensure docile and incomplete citizens - all in order to render the populace manageable. I t was from James Bryant Conant - president of Harvard for essays underlined, twenty years, WWI poison-gas specialist, WWII executive on the atomic-bomb project, high commissioner of the American zone in Germany after WWII, and truly one of the news annie proulx, most influential figures of the twentieth century - that I first got wind of the real purposes of American schooling. Without Conant, we would probably not have the same style and degree of standardized testing that we enjoy today, nor would we be blessed with gargantuan high schools that warehouse 2,000 to 4,000 students at a time, like the famous Columbine High in Littleton, Colorado.

Shortly after I retired from teaching I picked up Conant's 1959 book-length essay, The Child the Parent and the State , and was more than a little intrigued to see him mention in chinese-english essay, passing that the modern schools we attend were the the shipping annie, result of a revolution engineered between 1905 and 1930. A revolution? He declines to elaborate, but he does direct the curious and the uninformed to Alexander Inglis's 1918 book, Principles of Secondary Education , in which one saw this revolution through the cause and effect essay internet, eyes of a revolutionary. Inglis, for whom a lecture in education at Harvard is named, makes it perfectly clear that compulsory schooling on this continent was intended to be just what it had been for Prussia in the 1820s: a fifth column into the burgeoning democratic movement that threatened to give the peasants and the proletarians a voice at the shipping news proulx, the bargaining table. Chinese-english Translation Essay? Modern, industrialized, compulsory schooling was to make a sort of annie surgical incision into the prospective unity of these underclasses. Divide children by subject, by apa research on autism, age-grading, by constant rankings on tests, and by many other more subtle means, and it was unlikely that the ignorant mass of mankind, separated in childhood, would ever reintegrate into a dangerous whole. Inglis breaks down the purpose - the actual purpose - of modem schooling into six basic functions, any one of which is enough to curl the hair of those innocent enough to believe the news, three traditional goals listed earlier: 1) The adjustive or adaptive function. Schools are to essay establish fixed habits of reaction to authority.

This, of news annie course, precludes critical judgment completely. It also pretty much destroys the essays, idea that useful or interesting material should be taught, because you can't test for reflexive obedience until you know whether you can make kids learn, and do, foolish and the shipping annie proulx essay boring things. 2) The integrating function. This might well be called the conformity function, because its intention is to make children as alike as possible. People who conform are predictable, and this is of great use to those who wish to underlined or italicized harness and manipulate a large labor force. 3) The diagnostic and directive function. School is news proulx essay, meant to determine each student's proper social role. This is done by logging evidence mathematically and anecdotally on cumulative records.

As in your permanent record. Yes, you do have one. 4) The differentiating function. Once their social role has been diagnosed, children are to be sorted by role and trained only cause and effect internet, so far as their destination in the social machine merits - and news essay not one step further. Cause And Effect? So much for making kids their personal best. 5) The selective function.

This refers not to the shipping annie human choice at all but to Darwin's theory of natural selection as applied to what he called the favored races. In short, the thesaurus, idea is to help things along by consciously attempting to improve the breeding stock. Schools are meant to tag the unfit - with poor grades, remedial placement, and other punishments - clearly enough that their peers will accept them as inferior and effectively bar them from the reproductive sweepstakes. Annie Proulx? That's what all those little humiliations from first grade onward were intended to do: wash the dirt down the drain. 6) The propaedeutic function.

The societal system implied by these rules will require an elite group of caretakers. To that end, a small fraction of the kids will quietly be taught how to manage this continuing project, how to watch over and control a population deliberately dumbed down and declawed in order that government might proceed unchallenged and corporations might never want for obedient labor. That, unfortunately, is the purpose of mandatory public education in this country. And lest you take Inglis for an isolated crank with a rather too cynical take on the educational enterprise, you should know that he was hardly alone in championing these ideas. Conant himself, building on the ideas of Horace Mann and others, campaigned tirelessly for an American school system designed along the apa research on autism, same lines. Men like George Peabody, who funded the cause of mandatory schooling throughout the South, surely understood that the the shipping proulx, Prussian system was useful in essay generator, creating not only a harmless electorate and news proulx a servile labor force but also a virtual herd of apa research paper mindless consumers. The Shipping Annie Essay? In time a great number of industrial titans came to recognize the enormous profits to be had by cultivating and apa research paper on autism tending just such a herd via public education, among them Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller. T here you have it. Now you know. We don't need Karl Marx's conception of the shipping news annie proulx a grand warfare between the classes to see that it is in the interest of complex management, economic or political, to dumb people down, to demoralize them, to divide them from one another, and to discard them if they don't conform. Class may frame the proposition, as when Woodrow Wilson, then president of Princeton University, said the following to the New York City School Teachers Association in 1909: We want one class of persons to have a liberal education, and we want another class of persons, a very much larger class, of necessity, in every society, to forgo the privileges of a liberal education and fit themselves to perform specific difficult manual tasks.

But the motives behind the disgusting decisions that bring about these ends need not be class-based at all. They can stem purely from thesaurus fear, or from the by now familiar belief that efficiency is the paramount virtue, rather than love, liberty, laughter, or hope. Above all, they can stem from simple greed. There were vast fortunes to be made, after all, in an economy based on mass production and organized to favor the large corporation rather than the small business or the family farm. News Annie? But mass production required mass consumption, and at the turn of the twentieth century most Americans considered it both unnatural and unwise to strategies buy things they didn't actually need. Mandatory schooling was a godsend on that count. School didn't have to train kids in any direct sense to think they should consume nonstop, because it did something even better: it encouraged them not to think at news annie essay, all.

And that left them sitting ducks for another great invention of the modem era - marketing. Now, you needn't have studied marketing to know that there are two groups of people who can always be convinced to consume more than they need to: addicts and children. School has done a pretty good job of turning our children into addicts, but it has done a spectacular job of family essay turning our children into children. Again, this is no accident. The Shipping Annie Essay? Theorists from Plato to Rousseau to our own Dr. Chinese-english Translation? Inglis knew that if children could be cloistered with other children, stripped of responsibility and independence, encouraged to develop only the trivializing emotions of greed, envy, jealousy, and fear, they would grow older but never truly grow up.

In the 1934 edition of his once well-known book Public Education in the United States , Ellwood P. Cubberley detailed and praised the news annie essay, way the strategy of successive school enlargements had extended childhood by two to six years, and forced schooling was at that point still quite new. This same Cubberley - who was dean of chinese-english translation Stanford's School of Education, a textbook editor at Houghton Mifflin, and Conant's friend and correspondent at Harvard - had written the following in the 1922 edition of his book Public School Administration : Our schools are . . The Shipping News Proulx? . factories in which the raw products (children) are to chinese-english be shaped and proulx essay fashioned.. . . And it is the business of the school to build its pupils according to the specifications laid down. It's perfectly obvious from our society today what those specifications were. Underlined Or Italicized? Maturity has by now been banished from nearly every aspect of our lives. The Shipping Annie Essay? Easy divorce laws have removed the need to work at essays, relationships; easy credit has removed the need for fiscal self-control; easy entertainment has removed the need to learn to entertain oneself; easy answers have removed the need to ask questions. We have become a nation of annie proulx essay children, happy to surrender our judgments and cause essay of the our wills to political exhortations and commercial blandishments that would insult actual adults. We buy televisions, and then we buy the things we see on the television.

We buy computers, and then we buy the things we see on news annie, the computer. We buy $150 sneakers whether we need them or not, and when they fall apart too soon we buy another pair. We drive SUVs and believe the lie that they constitute a kind of life insurance, even when we're upside-down in them. And, worst of all, we don't bat an paper on autism eye when Ari Fleischer tells us to be careful what you say, even if we remember having been told somewhere back in the shipping news annie essay, school that America is the land of the free. We simply buy that one too.

Our schooling, as intended, has seen to essay taking it. N ow for the good news. Once you understand the logic behind modern schooling, its tricks and traps are fairly easy to avoid. School trains children to be employees and news consumers; teach your own to be leaders and paper adventurers. School trains children to obey reflexively; teach your own to think critically and the shipping news independently. Well-schooled kids have a low threshold for boredom; help your own to generator develop an inner life so that they'll never be bored. Urge them to news proulx take on the serious material, the grown-up material, in history, literature, philosophy, music, art, economics, theology - all the stuff schoolteachers know well enough to avoid. Challenge your kids with plenty of cause solitude so that they can learn to proulx enjoy their own company, to conduct inner dialogues.

Well-schooled people are conditioned to dread being alone, and they seek constant companionship through the TV, the computer, the cell phone, and through shallow friendships quickly acquired and quickly abandoned. Your children should have a more meaningful life, and they can. First, though, we must wake up to what our schools really are: laboratories of experimentation on young minds, drill centers for the habits and attitudes that corporate society demands. Mandatory education serves children only incidentally; its real purpose is to turn them into servants. Essay? Don't let your own have their childhoods extended, not even for a day. If David Farragut could take command of a captured British warship as a preteen, if Thomas Edison could publish a broadsheet at the age of twelve, if Ben Franklin could apprentice himself to a printer at the same age (then put himself through a course of study that would choke a Yale senior today), there's no telling what your own kids could do. After a long life, and thirty years in annie essay, the public school trenches, I've concluded that genius is translation essay, as common as dirt. We suppress our genius only because we haven't yet figured out how to manage a population of the shipping news proulx essay educated men and women. The solution, I think, is thesaurus, simple and glorious. Let them manage themselves.

* John Taylor Gatto is a former New York State and New York City Teacher of the Year and the shipping news proulx the author, most recently, of The Underground History of test American Education . He was a participant in the Harper's Magazine forum School on a Hill, which appeared in the September 2001 issue. You can find his web site here.