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Essay thesaurus generator

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Automotive Technician Resume Example. Automotive technicians usually need to generator highlight a few specific traits and abilities to win the attention of facility managers. A strong resume can mean the difference between a quick offer and a long, difficult search. Start your document by creating a concise summary that outlines your interest in independent plan the job and your general background. Then create a subsection for training and education, followed by detailed descriptions of your core capabilities and past positions. Keep every line clear, logical, and packed with information. Use this automotive technician resume example as a model and essay thesaurus generator, guide. As an automotive technician, you#8217;ll be responsible for diagnosing and repairing mechanical problems with a variety of gre essay help, automobiles. You#8217;ll need specialized technical knowledge, customer service skills, and an impressive resume. The resume examples below can help.

Use these resume examples as a guide to essay thesaurus generator build your resume more quickly and easily. Pharmacy Business Plan! Get started today and accelerate your automotive technician career now! Resume Tips for Automotive Technician. Finding jobs as a automotive technician takes some initiative and planning. Follow these guidelines to essay thesaurus generator stay in the right channels and find a position that fits your skills. Violence! 1. Network first.

This is becoming more important, especially as recruiting goes mobile. Attend events, talk to essay generator friends and seek out professionals in your field. It takes some gumption, but if you can find a referral, you#8217;ll jump to the top of any hiring manager#8217;s list. 2. Set up email job alerts. There is so much data flowing through the web, and job boards are aggregating this information and becoming better at matching your resume with relevant positions. 3. Refine your search. Independent! Give yourself a category of specific roles or companies that interest you. Essay Thesaurus! Employers will take you more seriously if you have a distinct goal in mind.

4. Don#8217;t apply right away. On The Scientific! Even after finding that perfect job, you#8217;ve still got plenty of research to generator do. Make sure you fully understand the organization#8217;s purpose and where you would potentially fit. Study the job description and thoroughly evaluate your transferrable skills. 5. Don#8217;t rule out staffing companies.

Many people are turned off by contract work, but it can be an easy way to get your foot in the door. Think of it like an internship; you#8217;ll likely receive a fulltime offer if you prove that you#8217;re an asset to the company. Automotive Technician Job Seeking Tips. Essay! Don#8217;t apply to any jobs as a automotive technician without a solid resume. Here are some tips to help you with content and thesaurus, style. 1. Quantify. Numbers give employers a way to objectively evaluate your skills. Be sure to list the exact number of essay analogy, people you supervised, any benchmarks you achieved and ways that you contributed to growth.

2. Avoid personal pronouns. These are dead weight. Replace ˆ?Iˆ and ˆ?myˆ with action verbs that describe your accomplishments. 3. Keep formats consistent. If you bold one job title, be sure to bold the rest. However, try to resist the urge to add too much style. A resume should be simple, clean and easy to read. Thesaurus Generator! 4. Gre Essay Help! Use a summary instead of an objective. Your objective is to get the job, and you don#8217;t need to generator waste space with an unnecessary statement. A qualifications summary is a more effective and useful way to catch a reader#8217;s attention. 5. Leave out ˆ?references available upon request. ˆ If you#8217;re applying for jobs as a automotive technician or anywhere else, you should already have references.

Stating this on pharmacy business, your resume is unnecessary. Employers will ask if and essay generator, when they want to. Essay! Attract attention with professional resume designs. Finalize and download your resume in multiple formats. Attract attention with professional resume designs. Improve your resume with our pre-written text. Finalize and download your resume in multiple formats. Improve your resume with our pre-written text. Attract attention with professional resume designs. Finalize and download your resume in essay thesaurus multiple formats.

Attract attention with professional resume designs. Improve your resume with our pre-written text. Finalize and download your resume in pharmacy plan multiple formats. Improve your resume with our pre-written text. Attract attention with professional resume designs.

Finalize and download your resume in multiple formats. Attract attention with professional resume designs. Improve your resume with our pre-written text. Finalize and essay thesaurus, download your resume in multiple formats. Improve your resume with our pre-written text. Automotive Technician Resume Example. Company: Sweatland#8217;s Tire #038; Automotive i? Milledgeville , GA.

Date Range: 02/2011 05/2012. Followed checklists to verify that all important parts were examined.Serviced air conditioning, heating, engine-cooling and electrical systems.Rebuilt faulty assemblies, including steering systems and linkages.Examined vehicles to determine the extent of damage or malfunctions.Communicated with customers regarding vehicle issues and potential repairs.Repaired and replaced belts, hoses and steering systems.Operated pneumatic tools and air compressors.Rebuilt and pharmacy business plan, repaired engines.Removed and replaced tires, shocks, struts and essay generator, brakes.Repaired and analogy, replaced radiators and water pumps.Organized work records and filed reports.Installed timing gears and timing belts.Ordered accurate amounts of parts and supplies to maintain necessary inventory.Transported customers to and from the shop for the customer service program. Used scan tool and computers to diagnose problems. Diagnosed and essay thesaurus generator, repaired electrical issues. Rubrics For Esl Essays! Automotive Technician Resume Example. Company: John#8217;s Auto Repair. Date Range: May 2006 to Current. Followed checklists to verify that all important parts were examined.Examined vehicles to determine the extent of damage or malfunctions.Communicated with customers regarding vehicle issues and potential repairs.Contributed to repeat and essay thesaurus, referral business by using strong customer service and problem solving skills.Organized work records and filed reports.Complied with state vehicle requirements, including engine safety and combustion control standards.Guided mechanics with decisions concerning repair and replacement of parts.Transported customers to and from the shop for the customer service program.

Automotive Technician Resume Example. Company: Express Oil Change LLC. Pope Analogy! Date Range: 06/2009 to thesaurus Current. Examined vehicles to determine the extent of damage or malfunctions.Serviced air conditioning, heating, engine-cooling and electrical systems.Repaired and gre essay help, replaced belts, hoses and steering systems.Rebuilt and repaired engines.Removed and replaced tires, shocks, struts and brakes.Contributed to essay repeat and referral business by gre essay help, using strong customer service and problem solving skills.Communicated with customers regarding vehicle issues and potential repairs. Automotive Technician Resume Example. Company: Sandy#8217;s Automotive ˆ“ 909 San Juan Blvd.

Farmington, N.M. Thesaurus Generator! 87401. Date Range: 08/2014 to 02/2016. Repaired, replaced and adjusted brakes and brake pads. No Fear Shakespeare Hamlet Essay! Tested vehicles and their components and systems. Operated equipment such as infrared engine analyzers, compression gauges and computerized diagnostic devices. Adjusted repaired systems to meet manufacturers#8217; performance specifications. Conducted routine and essay thesaurus, scheduled maintenance services such as oil changes, lubrications and tune-ups.

Communicated effectively with customers on future problems and repairs that might need to be addressed. Reviewed work orders and shakespeare essay, discussed them with supervisors. Completed routine maintenance to prevent future breakdowns. Thesaurus! Interfaced with management and colleagues in a professional manner. No Fear Shakespeare Essay! Upheld top-quality workmanship and excellent customer service. Diagnosed computer and electrical failure with appropriate testing equipment. Verified vehicle serviceability by conducting test drives and essay generator, adjusting controls and systems. Maintained vehicle records by recording and filing all service and repairs.

Disassembled engines and repaired or replaced defective parts. Replaced drive and hydraulic systems. Trained and assisted staff in essay family analyzing engine malfunctions. Examined gauges and dials to verify that the testing equipment was working properly. Automotive Technician Resume Example. Company: Broadway Automotive. Date Range: 11/2005 to generator 11/2009. Began as a lube technician and worked with a mentor while attending Fox Valley Technical College. For Esl! After graduating, worked as a full time technician performing diagnostics and repairs on GM vehicles.

Continued education through the GM training program while working. Since 2005, LiveCareer’s team of career coaches, certified resume writers, and essay generator, savvy technologists have been developing career tools that have helped over 10 million users build stronger resumes, write more persuasive cover letters, and develop better interview skills. Use our free samples, templates, and writing guides and our easy-to-use resume builder software to help land the job you want. No Fear! LiveCareer’s builder, resume examples, and resume writing tips are featured on some of the world’s top online and thesaurus generator, offline publications including: Mighty Recruiter Mighty Recruiter. Customer Service Customer Service. 800-652-8430 Mon- Fri 8am - 8pm CST.

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MLA Format: The Complete MLA Citation Guide. The 8th edition of MLA format provides researchers with guidance on generator how to document the use of others’ work responsibly. Published in April 2016, the new handbook illustrates examples of gre essay help, citations made in the revised style, and generator, explains how to create two types of gre essay help, citations: full citations that are placed in a works cited list, and in-text citations, which are abbreviated versions of thesaurus generator, full citations and located in the body of the work. With the new and improved MLA citation format, a major change was made to how full citations are created and how MLA works cited pages are formatted. Alexander Essay Analogy! Overall, the style presents a much simpler way to create accurate citations for students and researchers compared to past versions. 1. Essay Thesaurus Generator! One standard citation format that applies to every source type. In previous editions of the style, researchers were required to locate the hamlet, citation format for the source type that they were citing. For instance, they were trying to cite a scholarly journal article, they would have to reference the rules for citing journals. This has become inefficient in thesaurus modern writing, however, as we are digesting information for a wider variety of sources than ever before. With information readily available in tweets, Facebook posts, blogs, etc., it has become unrealistic for to create citation formats for every source type.

To address this, there is now one universal format that researchers can use to create their citations. To properly use this new format, the researcher is alexander pope, required to essay generator, locate the “Core Elements” of their sources. These are what make up the pharmacy, information that will populate the citation. These core elements can be found in the forms in the MLA citation generator. The “Core Elements” of a citation, along with their corresponding punctuation marks, include the following (in this order): The appropriate punctuation mark must follow each core element, unless it is the essay thesaurus, final piece. In that situation, the punctuation mark should always be a period. These core elements are then placed within the citation, and generally follow this format: Author. Title. Title of the container.

Other contributors, Version, Number, Publisher’s name, Date of gre essay help, publication, Location. Here is an example of how an actual source (in this case, a book) looks when cited using the generator, 8th edition style: Goodwin, Doris. Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of independent pharmacy business plan, Abraham Lincoln . Simon Shuster, 2012. For more help with creating citations with these core elements, try the MLA citation maker on EasyBib. 2. Inclusion of “containers” in citations. When the source you are referencing is essay generator, actually a small part of a larger source, such as a chapter within a book, the larger source is rubrics essays, called the “container,” as it “contains” the smaller source. Generally, the container is italicized and is followed by a comma. For more details on essay thesaurus generator this, see the examples below. Independent! You can also create citations with containers in the MLA citation machine.

MLA citation format for citing a title within a container might looks as follows: Source Author(s) Last Name, First Name. “Title of Source.” Container Title , Container Contributor(s) First Name Last Name, Publisher, Date Published, page numbers. Here is an example full citation of how to cite a book chapter using the essay thesaurus generator, 8th edition format: Uenten, Wesley Iwao. “Rising Up from alexander, a Sea of Discontent: The 1970 Koza Uprising in essay U.S. No Fear Shakespeare Essay! Occupied Okinawa.” Militarized Currents: Toward a Decolonized Future in Asia and the Pacific , edited by Setsu Shigematsu and Keith L. Camacho, University of Minnesota Press, 2010, pp. 91-124.

3. The ability to use pseudonyms for author names. In order to more efficiently create accurate citations for new source types, it is now acceptable to use online handles or screen names in place of authors’ names. @TwitterHandle. “Content of Tweet.” Twitter, Date, Time, URL (omit http:// or https://). @realDonaldTrump. Thesaurus! “I will be having a general news conference on JANUARY ELEVENTH in violence N.Y.C. Thank you.” Twitter , 3 Jan.

2017, 6:58 p.m., twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/816433590892429312. 4. Adding the abbreviations vol. and no. to magazine and journal article citations. In previous versions of the style, there was no indication that the numbers in periodical citations referred to the volume and issue numbers. Generator! This has changed in the 8 th edition to be clearer to the reader. O’Carol, John. “The Dying of the Epic.” Anthropoetics 30.2 (2011): 48-49. Print. O’Carol, John. “The Dying of the pharmacy business plan, Epic.” Anthropoetics , vol. 30, no. 2, 2011, pp. 48-49. Unlike previous editions, the essay generator, inclusion of essay family violence, URLs in citations highly recommended by essay thesaurus, the 8 th edition.

Omit “http://” or “https://” from the URL when including it in a citation. 6. Revolution! Omitting the city of publication. In previous versions of the citation style, researchers included the city where the publisher was located. Today, this information generally serves little purpose and the city of essay thesaurus generator, publication can often be omitted. Only include the city of publication if the version of the source differs when published in alexander pope essay analogy a different country (Example: British editions of books versus versions printed in the United States). 7. Flexibility in citation formatting. In addition to one universal format for all source types, the thesaurus generator, 8th edition now allows for more flexibility in citation presentation than previous versions of the no fear shakespeare hamlet essay, style. For example, there is technically no right or wrong way to document a source, and certain aspects of a source can be included or excluded, depending on the focus of the work. For example, if you are citing the movie, Casablanca , and your research project focuses on thesaurus generator the main character, Rick Blaine, it would be beneficial to your reader for you to include the name of the actor, Humphrey Bogart, in your citation. Other writers who instead focus on the whole movie in their paper may elect to just include the name of the director in shakespeare essay their works cited page. To create the best and most effective citations, you always should think about thesaurus, which pieces of information will help readers easily locate the source you referenced themselves.

Your teacher may want you to rubrics for esl, format your paper using the essay, guidelines specified in the 8th edition. If you were told to create your citations in this format, your paper should be formatted using the new MLA guidelines as well. Use white 8 ? x 11” paper. Make 1 inch margins on the top, bottom, and sides The first word in every paragraph should be indented one half inch. Gre Essay Help! Indent set-off quotations one inch from the left margin Use any type of font that is essay, easy to read, such as Times New Roman. Make sure that italics look different from the regular typeface Use 12 point size Double space the entire research paper, even the no fear shakespeare hamlet essay, works cited page. Leave one space after periods and other punctuation marks, unless your instructor tells you to make two spaces.

You can either create a title page using EasyBib’s Title Page creator or omit the title page completely and use a header. To create a MLA header, follow these steps: Begin one inch from the top of the first page and flush with the left margin. Type your name, your instructor’s name, the course number, and the date on separate lines, using double spaces between each. Double space once more and center the title. Do NOT underline, bold, or type the title in all capital letters. Only italicize words that would normally be italicized in the text. Example: Character Development in The Great Gatsby. Do not place a period after the title or after any heading.

Double space between the title and first lines of the text. Placed in essay the upper right-hand corner, one half inch from the top, flush with the right margin. Type your last name before the page number. (To make this process easier, set your word processor to automatically add the last name and page number to each page). On The Revolution! Do not place p. Thesaurus Generator! before the page number. Many instructors do not want a page number on the first page.

Ask your instructor for their specific preferences. Should be placed as close as possible to the text that they most closely refer to. Label tables with: “Table,” an arabic numeral, and create a title for essay family violence, it. This information should be located above the table, flush left, on separate lines. Format the title the same way as the title of the paper. Essay! Underneath the table, provide the source and any notes. Notes should be labeled with a letter, rather than a numeral, so the reader is able to essay, differentiate between the essay thesaurus generator, notes of the text and independent business, the notes of the table. Use double spacing throughout. Label illustrations with: Fig. (short for thesaurus generator, figure), assign an arabic number, and revolution, provide a caption. The label and caption should appear underneath the illustration.

**If the essay, table or illustration’s caption gives complete information about the source and the source isn’t cited in pharmacy business plan the text, there is no need to include the citation in the works cited page. Label musical scores with: Ex. (short for Example), assign it an Arabic numeral, and provide a caption. Essay! The label and caption should appear below the musical illustration. The 8th edition recommends that numbers are spelled out if the number can be written with one or two words. For larger numbers, write the number itself. One, forty four, one hundred, 247, 2 ?, 101. If the project calls for pope essay, frequent use of numbers (such as a scientific study or statistics), use numerals that precede measurements. 247 milligrams, 5 pounds. Here are some other formatting tips to thesaurus, keep in mind: Do not start sentences with a numeral, spell out the number. Always use numerals before abbreviations or symbols, ex.

6 lbs. In divisions, use numbers, ex: In page 5 of the gre essay help, study. The purpose of an MLA works cited list is to display the sources that were used for a project, and to give credit to the original authors of the works that were consulted for a project. Works Cited lists are typically found at the very end of a project. Citations are what make up a works cited list. Here are some tips on how to create a works cited list for your citations: Citations are listed in alphabetical order by the first word in the citation, which is typically the essay, last name of the author. Each citation should have a hanging indent. When there are two or more sources with the same author, only include the author’s name in the first citation. In the second or subsequent citations, use three hyphens in place of the author’s name, followed by pharmacy, a period. Middlekauff, Robert.

The Glorious Cause: The American Revolution. Oxford UP, 2007. – – -. Colonial America . Essay! Oxford UP, 1999. Connell, James. “The Battle of gre essay help, Yorktown: What Don’t We Know?” The American History Journal, vol. 19, no. 6, 2005, pp. Essay Thesaurus! 36-43.

Middlekauff, Robert. The Glorious Cause: The American Revolution. Oxford UP, 2007. – – -. Colonial America . Oxford UP, 1999. The Patriot. Revolution! Directed by thesaurus, Roland Emmerich, performed by essay, Mel Gibson and Heath Ledger.

Columbia Pictures, 2002. The 8th edition also has standardized rules regarding the formatting of titles within citations. Here are some of the essay thesaurus, rules pertaining to titles in business plan the new MLA format: When citing book titles, always enter the full title, in italics, followed by a period. See the MLA format citation below: Last Name, First Name. Italicized Title . Publisher, Publication Year. When citing periodicals, place the title of the article in essay thesaurus quotes, with a period at the end of the essay family, title.

The italicized title of the periodical follows, along with a comma. An MLA format example is below: Last Name, First Name. “Title of the Article.” Periodical Title.” Publication Year, Page Numbers. When citing a website, the title of the web page or article is placed in quotation marks, with a period before the end quotation. The title of the website is written in italics followed by a comma. If the name of the thesaurus, publisher differs from the name of the website, include it after the title. Immediately following the publisher is the date that the page or article was published, or posted.

Finally, end with the URL. The URL is the website’s address. The citation format is as follows: Author’s Last name, First name. “Title of the Article or Individual Page.” Title of the website, Name of the publisher, Date of publication, URL. Click here for additional information on website titles. Giving credit to the author of works that you use in your research paper is not only important for citation accuracy, but will prevent plagiarism. In order to include the author’s name in your citation, follow the guidelines listed below: Author formatting: Olsen, Gregg. Citation example: Olsen, Gregg.

If I Can’t Have You: Susan Powell, Her Mysterious Disappearance, and the Murder of Her Children . St. On Man! Martin’s True Crime, 2015, pp. 18-22. Place the authors in the order in essay generator which they appear on the source. Alexander Pope On Man Analogy! Note that only the lead author’s name is generator, listed last name first; all additional authors are listed by their first name, middle initial if applicable, and then last name: Author formatting: Bernecker, Sven, and Fred Dretske. Citation example: Bernecker, Sven, and Fred Dretske. Knowledge: Readings in on man Contemporary Epistemology. Essay Thesaurus! Oxford: UP, 2007.

List the author’s last name, first name, and then middle initial if applicable. Follow it with a comma, and then add et al. in place of the additional authors: Author formatting: George, Michael L., et al. Citation example: George, Michael L., et al. The Lean Six Sigma Pocket Toolbook. For Esl! McGraw-Hill, 2005.

In cases where the person responsible for creating a work is someone other than the author, such as an generator, editor, producer, performer, or artist, always include the individual’s role after the name: Kansaker, Tej Ratna, and Mark Turin, editors. When citing works of entertainment, such as film or television, include the name and role of the person on whom you’ve focused: Byrne, Rose, performer. *Note: If you are writing about a film or television show that does not focus on an individual’s role, omit the independent pharmacy, author’s name and start the thesaurus, citation with the title.

If a corporation is the author of the text, include the full name of the corporation: The American Heart Association. Treat the translator as the author. You should do this only independent, if the focus of your paper is on the original translated work. Include the name of the original creator after the title, preceded by thesaurus, the word “By”: Author formatting: Rabassa, Gregory, translator. Citation example: Rabassa, Gregory, translator.

One Hundred Years of Solitude. By Gabriel Garcia Marquez, Random House, 1995. When no author is given in a text, omit this section and start the hamlet, citation with the title. Sources can be released in thesaurus different versions, or forms. For example, a book can have various versions – such as a first edition or a second edition, even an updated edition. Essay Family Violence! A movie can have an unrated or an uncut version. It is important to communicate to the reader which version was used to help them locate the exact source themselves. For books, if it is a specific numbered edition, type out the numeral and use the abbreviation “ed.” for edition. If no specific version is mentioned or located, omit this information from the citation.

Examples of thesaurus generator, 8th edition citations for sources with various versions: Weinberger, Norman M. Family! “The Auditory System and Elements of Music” The Psychology of Music, edited by Diana Deutsch, 2nd ed., Academic Press, 1999, p.61. Google Books, books.google.com/books?id=A3jkobk4yMMClpg=PP1dq=psychologypg=PR6#v=onepageq=psychologyf=false. JFK. Performance by Kevin Costner, directed by essay, Oliver Stone, director’s cut ed., Warner Home Video, 2008.

When including the date of publication, there aren’t any set rules to gre essay help, how the generator, date should be input into gre essay help the citation. For example, you can use May 5, 2016 or 5 May 2016. What does matter is consistency. Whichever way the date is placed in one citation, the same format should be used in the other citations in your project. Names of months that use more than four letters are written with abbreviations. Regarding new MLA in text citations, the rules are the same as in essay previous versions of the style. When using a direct quote or paraphrasing an author’s work, place an in-text citation after the borrowed information.

Generally, the in text citation is found immediately following the direct quote or paraphrase, but it is acceptable to insert it in a place, soon after, that allows for a natural pause while reading. (Author Last Page Number[s]). Ready to start citing? See the information and analogy, examples below to get started creating citations for the most popular source types. Author’s Last name, First name. Title of the essay, work, translated by or edited by First Name Last name, vol. number, Publisher, Year the book was published, page number(s). Roth, Veronica. Divergent. Katherine Tegen Books, 2011. Olsen, Gregg, and Rebecca Morris.

If I Can’t Have You: Susan Powell, Her Mysterious Disappearance, and the Murder of Her Children. St. Martin’s True Crime, 2015, pp. 18-22. Matthews, Graham, et al. Disaster Management in Archives, Libraries, and Museums. Ashgate, 2009. Author’s Last name, First name. “Title of chapter or section.” Title of the work, translated by no fear essay, or edited by First Name Last name, vol. number, Publisher, Year the book was published, page number(s).

Montrose, Louis. Essay Generator! “Elizabeth Through the Looking Glass: Picturing the Queen’s Two Bodies.” The Body of the for esl, Queen: Gender and Rule in the Courtly World, 1500-2000, edited by Regina Schulte, Berghahn, 2006, pp. 61-87. How to Cite an E-book Found Online: Author’s last name, First name. Generator! “Title of the chapter or section.” Title of the e-book, translated by or edited by essay family violence, First name Last name, vol. Essay Generator! number, Publisher, Year of publication, page number(s). Title of the web site or database, URL. Austen, Jane, and Seth Grahame-Smith.

Pride and alexander on man, Prejudice and Zombies. Quirk, 2015. Google Books, books.google.com/books?id=x5xPaPeZzmUClpg=PP1dq=zombiespg=PP1#v=onepageq=zombiesf=false. Poe, Edgar Allan. Essay Thesaurus Generator! “The Gold Bug.” Short Stories for violence, English Courses, Edited by Rosa M.R. Mikels, 2004.

Project Gutenberg, www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/5403/pg5403-images.html. Author’s last name, First name. “Title of the chapter or section.” Title of the e-book, translated by or edited by First name Last name, Name of thesaurus generator, e-reader device, vol. number, Publisher, Year of publication, page number(s). Doer, Anthony. All the Light We Cannot See. Kindle ed., Scribner, 2014.

Author’s Last name, First name. “Title of the Article or Individual Page.” Title of the website, Name of the publisher, Date of publication, URL. White, Lori. “The Newest Fad in People Helping People: Little Free Pantries.” Upworthy, Cloud Tiger Media, 3 Aug. 2016, www.upworthy.com/the-newest-fad-in-people-helping-people-little-free-pantries?g=2c=hpstream. MLA Citation Website with no author: “Title of the Article or Individual Page.” Title of the website, Name of the publisher, Date of publication, URL. “Giant Panda.” Smithsonian National Zoological Park, Smithsonian Institute, 2004, nationalzoo.si.edu/animals/giantpandas/pandafacts. How to Cite a Website with no webpage title: Webpage Description. Title of the website, Name of the publisher, Date of publication, URL. General Information on the New York Mets.

NYCData, The Weissman Center for International Business Baruch College/CUNY, www.baruch.cuny.edu/nycdata/sports/nymets.htm. How to Cite a Journal Article found on gre essay help a Database: Author’s Last name, First name. “Title of the article.” Title of the journal , First name Last name of any other contributors (if applicable), Version (if applicable), Numbers (such as a volume and issue number), Publication date, Page numbers. Generator! Title of the database, URL or DOI. Brian, Real, et al. Pharmacy Business Plan! “Rural Public Libraries and Digital Inclusion: Issues and Challenges.” Information and Technology Libraries , vol. 33, no. 1, Mar. 2014, pp.

6-24. ProQuest, ezproxy.nypl.org/login?url=http://search.proquest.com.i.ezproxy.nypl.org/docview/1512388143?accountid=35635. How to essay, Cite a Journal Article found in Print: Author’s Last name, First name ” Title of the article.” Title of Journal , Volume, Issue, Year, pages. Bagchi, Alaknanda. “Conflicting Nationalisms: The Voice of the pharmacy business plan, Subaltern in Mahasweta Devi’s Bashai Tudu .” Tulsa Studies in Women’s Literature, vol. 15, no. 1, 1996, pp. Essay Generator! 41-50. Follow the formula for citing a book.

Cite the violence, author of the essay, the name of the essay generator, essay, the gre essay help, name of the collection, the editor of the collection, the essay generator, publication information, and the page number(s) of the essay. How to Cite an Image from a Website: If there is no title available for the image, include a brief description of the image instead. Creator’s Last name, First name. “Title of the digital image.” Title of the website, First name Last name of any contributors, Version (if applicable), Number (if applicable), Publisher, Publication date, URL.

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Toni Morrison Morrison, Toni (Vol. 194) - Essay. Toni Morrison 1931- (Born Chloe Anthony Wofford) American novelist, nonfiction writer, essayist, playwright, and children's writer. The following entry presents an generator, overview of Morrison's career through 2003. See also Toni Morrison Criticism (Introduction), and Volumes 4 , 10 , 22 . Morrison was awarded the 1993 Nobel Prize in Literature, making her the first African American to win this honor.

Morrison's novels explore issues of African-American female identity in stories that integrate elements of the oral tradition, postmodern literary techniques, and magical realism to give voice to the experiences of women living on the margins of white American society. As a best-selling African-American female author, Morrison represented a breakthrough for other black women novelists to succeed in the mainstream publishing industry. She received the National Book Critics Circle Award and gre essay help the American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters Award for Song of Solomon (1977), the Pulitzer Prize in fiction for Beloved (1987), and the 1996 National Book Foundation Medal for Distinguished Contribution to American Letters. Four of her novels were chosen for the Oprah Winfrey national book club, and Beloved was adapted to essay film as a major motion picture produced by and starring Winfrey. Morrison was born Chloe Anthony Wofford, on February 18, 1931, in Lorain, Ohio, where her father worked as a ship welder. She was very close in age to her sister, with whom she formed a strong bond that has continued throughout her life. Morrison was encouraged by her family to read, and spent much of her childhood at on the scientific revolution, the local library.

She graduated with a B.A. from Howard University in 1953, and went on to complete an M.A. in English literature at Cornell University in 1955. She was married in 1958 and had two sons, but divorced in 1964, and became a single mother. In the late 1950s and early 1960s, she worked as an instructor at thesaurus generator, Texas Southern University in Houston and at Howard University in Washington, D.C. She served as an editor for shakespeare hamlet essay Random House publishers from 1965 to 1983. Her first novel, The Bluest Eye (1970), was expanded from a short story she had written while still in college. Although The Bluest Eye received scant notice at first, Morrison's career as a nationally recognized author was launched with the success of Sula (1973), her second novel, after which The Bluest Eye was retrospectively given renewed consideration as an important work of fiction. While continuing to write novels and children's books, as well as editing several essay collections on issues of race in generator, America, Morrison has taught as a guest professor in English and humanities at a number of colleges and universities, including the alexander on man, State University of New York at Albany and at Purchase, Yale University, Bard College, Harvard University, and essay Trinity College at Cambridge University in England. Since 1989, she has maintained a post as professor of humanities at Princeton University. Morrison's overarching thematic concern throughout her oeuvre is with issues of African-American female identity in the contemporary world.

Her novels offer complex examinations of problems within the African-American community, power dynamics between men and women, and issues of racism in relations between black and white America. Gre Essay Help? Morrison's primary interest lies with the experiences of African-American women, whose quests for individual identity are integrally intertwined with their community and their cultural history. Her fictions are self-consciously concerned with myth, legend, storytelling, and the oral tradition, as well as with memory, history, and historiography, and have thus been recognized as postmodern meta-narratives. Morrison's stories are conscious of African cultural heritage as well as African-American history, thus demonstrating the importance of the essay thesaurus generator, past to the struggles of essays contemporary African Americans. Thesaurus? She employs strong elements of Black English in her dialogue and violence narration to express the importance of thesaurus generator language in alexander essay, the formation of identity. Her novels often employ elements of thesaurus generator magic, fantasy, and the supernatural, such as the character in independent, Song of Solomon who can fly, or the ghost of generator a dead child who appears in Beloved.

The Bluest Eye, her first novel, is set in the 1940s and addresses issues of race and beauty standards through the figure of Pecola Breedlove, an pharmacy, eleven-year-old African-American girl who dreams of having blue eyes and long, blond hair. Thesaurus? After Pecola is essays on the scientific revolution, raped by her father and becomes pregnant as a result, she descends into essay insanity and insists that she has “the bluest eyes in the whole world.” Morrison's next three novels, Sula, Song of Solomon, and Tar Baby (1981), are generally regarded as a trilogy. Sula centers on the powerful bonds of friendship between Sula Peace and Nel Wright, who meet as girls and maintain their friendship into adulthood. This bond is ruptured, however, when Nel finds her husband in bed with Sula. In Sula, Morrison explores the rubrics essays, importance of thesaurus generator female friendship in the formation of individual identity, which in reality is often superseded by women's relationships with men. Song of alexander pope essay on man analogy Solomon centers on the character of Milkman Dead, who is born in the North but journeys to the South, where he discovers that he is a descendant of Solomon, a member of a mythical West African tribe whose members can fly. According to legend, these Africans, captured and essay thesaurus enslaved in America, escaped their bondage by flying back to Africa. Song of Solomon explores issues of African-American history and myth in the formation of individual identity. Tar Baby is set on plan, the Isle de Chevaliers in the Caribbean, in contemporary times.

With the character of Jadine Childs, a successful fashion model and student of essay thesaurus art history, Tar Baby examines the dilemmas of assimilation and cultural identity among middle-class African Americans. Morrison's subsequent three novels, Beloved, Jazz (1992), and revolution Paradise (1998), are often loosely grouped as another trilogy, each set in thesaurus generator, a different period of African-American history: Beloved takes place during the post-Civil War era, with flashbacks to the years of slavery in the South; Jazz is set during the Harlem Renaissance of the 1920s; and business plan Paradise is set during the thesaurus, Civil Rights era of the 1960s and 1970s. Beloved combines elements of magical realism with the tradition of the shakespeare, African-American slave narrative in the story of Halle, a former slave struggling to raise her children in the post-Civil War era. Essay Thesaurus Generator? Halle once killed her own infant in alexander on man, order to save it from a life of slavery, and the ghost of this dead child comes back to haunt her home as an adolescent girl called Baby Suggs. Thesaurus Generator? Jazz concerns a romantic triangle between a woman named Violet, her husband Joe, and business plan an eighteen-year-old girl named Dorcas, whom Joe falls in love with. Joe's passion for thesaurus Dorcas ultimately results in his shooting and gre essay help killing her. Enraged by essay thesaurus generator her husband's betrayal, Violet goes to the girl's funeral and cuts the face of the corpse with a knife. As Barbara Williams Lewis pointed out in her essay “The Function of Jazz in Toni Morrison's Jazz, ” Morrison's narrative structure and essay voice in Jazz are based on the structural elements of jazz music. Paradise explores the thesaurus generator, tensions between the essay family, all-black town of Ruby and an all-women convent located on the outskirts of the town.

Threatened by essay thesaurus generator the empowerment of gre essay help women within the thesaurus, convent community, the men of Ruby invade it and massacre the women living there. Love (2003) takes place at the site of a once-luxurious vacation resort catering to African-American visitors. Narrated by L., the former cook at the closed-down resort, Love concerns the internecine struggles between two women, Heed and Christine, over the affections of Bill Cosey, the now-deceased owner of the resort. No Fear? Heed and Christine began as girlhood friends. Their friendship was destroyed, however, when Cosey, Christine's fifty-two-year-old grandfather, purchased the eleven-year-old Heed from her parents so that he could take her as his child bride. Heed and Christine, now old women, both live in the mansion of the closed-down resort, fiercely battling one another over the ambiguous and still-unsettled will Cosey had scribbled on thesaurus generator, a restaurant menu. Hamlet? Love examines the different types of love felt by Heed, Christine, and thesaurus several other women for the deceased man who was—and remains after death—the center of their lives. Morrison's novels have been almost universally praised by gre essay help reviewers, and generator have been the subject of numerous academic books and essays in the fields of gender studies, ethnic studies, postmodern theory, literary theory, and cultural studies. Many critics praised Morrison's complex treatment of issues of African-American identity in her novels. Gurleen Grewal expressed Morrison's concern with African-American identity throughout her oeuvre in stating, “African Americans must negotiate a place for themselves within a dominant culture; how they situate themselves with respect to their own history and culture is a pervasive theme of Morrison's novels.” Yvonne Atkinson described Morrison's use of gre essay help Black English as central to her narrative voice, asserting, “Morrison has enveloped the written word in essay, the oral tradition: the use of words from rubrics Black English and rituals and style of the oral tradition enhance her texts, and the systems of essay thesaurus generator language, the style, and the lexicon of Black English that Morrison uses in essay violence, her novels bear Witness to African-American culture.” Karla K. Holloway examined the essay generator, ways in which Morrison utilizes a lyrical narrative voice in no fear shakespeare essay, The Bluest Eye and Song of Solomon to express African-American experience and essay thesaurus generator construct a sense of no fear shakespeare essay cultural identity in the African Diaspora. Holloway asserted, “Morrison's novels recall a West African version of reality that allows the coexistence of the spiritual and physical worlds within the same narrative spaces.

In these spaces, mythic voices reconstruct an African-American universe.” Rob Davidson commented on essay, the ways in which Morrison's Beloved, Jazz, and Paradise, loosely grouped as a trilogy, function as meta-narratives about the construction of African-American identity; Davidson stated, “One of the most important concerns in the trilogy is the ‘use value’ of essay narrative. Essay Thesaurus? Storytelling is historiography in Morrison's fiction, and in each novel she carefully examines the role of pope essay on man analogy narrative in the reconstitution of both the essay thesaurus, individual self and society at large.” In an entry on Toni Morrison for no fear shakespeare essay the book Postmodernism: Key Figures, Thomas B. Howe observed that Morrison's use of multiple narrative voices in many of her fictions is a key element of her work. Thesaurus? Howe noted, “Morrison's fictions repeatedly challenge cultural traditions defined by patriarchal, assimilationist, and totalizing standards. Essays? Ever since her first novel … she has set herself in opposition to the European American white mainstream by portraying and celebrating unique, powerful voices of marginalized women from essay American history and contemporary American life.” Love, Morrison's latest novel, has been met with rave reviews. Thulani Davis observed, “A distillation of many of [Morrison's] earlier themes, notably the alexander analogy, theft of essay thesaurus generator girlhood and wars over times now gone, Love is a rich parable about the damaging past as a demagogue ruling the present.” Adam Langer commented, “Taut and uncompromising, Love is a compact meditation on the aftermath of the civil rights movement, a chilling ghost story about a friendship destroyed by gre essay help the whims of a wealthy and respected patriarch, an epic saga about the generation gap, a concise reflection on essay, the African-American experience in the twentieth century.” Deborah E. McDowell noted that Love may be regarded as “a retrospective or compendium” of pope essay analogy Morrison's thematic treatment of love in her earlier works. McDowell observed that Morrison's oeuvre as a whole represents “a philosophical journey into the heart of love, at times a darkened continent blazed by Morrison's luminous prose, her dazzling lyricism, her labor of essay love.” Access our Toni Morrison Study Guide for Free.

The Bluest Eye (novel) 1970. The Black Book [editor] (nonfiction) 1974. Song of Solomon (novel) 1977. Tar Baby (novel) 1981. Dreaming Emmett (play) 1986. Beloved (novel) 1987. Playing in the Dark: Whiteness and essays on the the Literary Imagination (essays) 1992. Rac-ing Justice, En-gendering Power: Essays on Anita Hill, Clarence Thomas and essay the Construction of Social Reality [editor and author of essay introduction] (essays) 1992. * The Dancing Mind (speech).

(The entire section is 145 words.) Get Free Access to this Toni Morrison Study Guide. Start your 48-hour free trial to unlock this resource and thousands more. Get Better Grades. Our 30,000+ summaries will help you comprehend your required reading to essay thesaurus generator ace every test, quiz, and essay. We've broken down the chapters, themes, and characters so you can understand them on your first read-through. Access Everything From Anywhere. We have everything you need in gre essay help, one place, even if you're on the go. Download our handy iOS app for essay generator free.

Karla F. C. No Fear Essay? Holloway (essay date 1994) SOURCE: Holloway, Karla F. Essay? C. “The Lyrical Dimensions of Spirituality: Music, Voice, and Language in the Novels of Toni Morrison.” In Embodied Voices: Representing Female Vocality in Western Culture, edited by Leslie C. Violence? Dunn and Nancy A. Jones, pp. 197-211. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1994. [ In the following essay, Holloway examines Morrison's use of lyrical female voices in The Bluest Eye and The Song of Solomon as a celebration of African-American spirituality and cultural identity. ] In the final pages of Toni Morrison's Song of Solomon, an aged, weary, and dying Pilate grants her nephew Milkman her supreme gift—she gives him her. (The entire section is 6935 words.) Get Free Access to this Toni Morrison Study Guide. Start your 48-hour free trial to unlock this resource and thousands more. SOURCE: Furman, Jan. “Black Girlhood and Black Womanhood: The Bluest Eye and thesaurus generator Sula. ” In Toni Morrison's Fiction, pp.

12-33. Columbia, S.C.: University of South Carolina Press, 1996. [ In the following essay, Furman examines the violence, significance of family and community to developing a personal sense of African-American female identity in Morrison's The Bluest Eye and Sula.] From the beginning of her writing career Morrison has exercised a keen scrutiny of women's lives. The Bluest Eye and essay generator Sula, Morrison's first and second novels, are to gre essay help varying extents about black girlhood and black womanhood, about women's connections to their families. (The entire section is 11053 words.) Barbara Williams Lewis (essay date 1997) SOURCE: Lewis, Barbara Williams. “The Function of Jazz in essay thesaurus, Toni Morrison's Jazz. Family Violence? ” In Toni Morrison's Fiction: Contemporary Criticism, edited by David L. Middleton, pp. Generator? 271-81. New York: Garland Publishing, 1997. [ In the following essay, Lewis argues that Morrison's Jazz may be categorized as a “jazz novel,” in that the narrative structure of the story is rubrics for esl essays, based on stylistic techniques of jazz music. ] —Duke Ellington, 1932.

If we look at essay, the beginning and end of Toni Morrison's Jazz, the gre essay help, novel appears to be structurally. (The entire section is 3697 words.) SOURCE: Grewal, Gurleen. “Prospero's Spell and the Question of Resistance: Tar Baby. ” In Circles of Sorrow, Lines of Struggle: The Novels of Toni Morrison, pp. 79-95. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1998. [ In the following essay, Grewal asserts that Morrison's Tar Baby examines African-American struggles over issues of identity in a postmodern, postcolonial world. ] And neither world thought the other world's thought, save with a vague unrest. —W.

E. B. Du Bois, The Souls of Black Folk. (The entire section is 8939 words.) SOURCE: Atkinson, Yvonne. “Language that Bears Witness: The Black English Oral Tradition in the Works of Toni Morrison.” In The Aesthetics of thesaurus generator Toni Morrison: Speaking the Unspeakable, edited by independent pharmacy business plan Marc C. Conner, pp. 12-30. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2000. [ In the following essay, Atkinson argues that the Black English oral tradition, grounded in African-American culture, forms the foundation of essay generator Morrison's fiction. ] Toni Morrison has said, “I tend not to explain things very much, but I long for a critic who will know what I mean when I say ‘church’ or ‘community,’ or when I say ‘ancestor,’ or ‘chorus.’ Because my books come out of those. (The entire section is family violence, 8326 words.) SOURCE: Duvall, John N. “The Authorized Morrison: Reflexivity and thesaurus generator the Historiographic.” In The Identifying Fictions of independent pharmacy business plan Toni Morrison: Modernist Authenticity and Postmodern Blackness, pp. 119-51. New York: Palgrave, 2000.

[ In the following essay, Duvall examines elements of metafiction in relation to African-American female identity in Morrison's Beloved,Jazz, and Paradise.] With Tar Baby, Morrison lays to rest much of her anxiety about her identity as an African-American woman novelist. This is what I mean by thesaurus “the authorized Morrison.” She has in the course of her preceding fictions largely authorized herself, constructing a powerful position from which to write and speak. If this study contributes anything to an understanding of Morrison, it is the way her identifying fictions—her first four novels—do not simply thematize identity formation, they perform it. As I have argued, it is essay, a highly self-reflexive process: as Morrison writes, she enacts the essay generator, identity she was not certain she had, thereby constituting that very identity. The Morrison who writes Beloved, Jazz, and Paradise is more confident that the pope essay analogy, funk can rise economically; in other words, she feels less inclined to thesaurus generator celebrate a black identity exclusively linked to poverty.

No longer needing to allegorize her struggle to become an authentic African-American woman, Morrison nevertheless, at various moments in her later historiographic trilogy, continues to meditate on family, authorship and thesaurus generator the social role the artist may play in relation to the community. I do not intend my discussion of Morrison's latest three novels to be full and complete readings; rather, I want to place these fictions in the context that this study has emphasized—the autobiographical impulses that animate various moments within the writing. Although no longer as prominent a feature as it was in her earlier novels, the reflexive contemplation Morrison begins on authorship with Soaphead Church in The Bluest Eye continues through such characters in her historiographic trilogy as Baby Suggs, Sethe's mother-in-law in pharmacy business plan, Beloved ; the unnamed, disembodied narrator of Jazz, who is generator, strong enough to question her own productive powers; and a final marginal figure from rubrics for esl essays Paradise, Patricia Best, the light-complexioned black woman whose historical writing interprets the hidden meaning of genealogy in the all-black town of thesaurus generator Ruby, Oklahoma. NO UNCLE TOM: BABY SUGGS, ARTIST OF THE BODILY SPIRIT. Certainly no American text of the sort I am discussing was ever written for black people—no more than Uncle Tom's Cabin was written for Uncle Tom to read or be persuaded by. —Toni Morrison, Playing in the Dark. Previously, I have used Morrison's interviews and criticism to create various purchases on her fiction.

I would like, however, to move in a different direction here to independent pharmacy suggest that Beloved may provide clues about Morrison's developing critical sensibility, a sensibility that would manifest itself a year after the publication of her fifth novel in her lecture, “Unspeakable Things Unspoken: The Afro-American Presence in American Literature.” In other words, how does Morrison's fifth novel look if one reads it for her development of a critique of Enlightenment impulses in nineteenth-century American literature? For Morrison, Stowe's failure to acknowledge the thesaurus, black reader means that Uncle Tom's Cabin exemplifies the larger failure of the American novel to rubrics recognize its implication in the construction of racism ( Playing 16-17). Certainly in essay, Morrison's fictional rendering of slavery, the African-American reader is always addressed. But Morrison's relation to Stowe, I wish to argue, goes beyond a passing comment to the intertextual fabric of Beloved. In Beloved, Morrison begins to make a clearer turn to a fiction that is historiographic in the sense Linda Hutcheon has identified as postmodern. For Hutcheon, novels such as Beloved “juxtapose what we think we know of the past (from official archival sources and personal memory)” with alternative representations that emphasize “the postmodern epistemological questioning of the nature of essays on the scientific revolution historical knowledge”; such an emphasis allows the essay thesaurus generator, reader to essays revolution ask, “Which ‘facts’ make it into history? And whose facts?” ( Politics 71). Morrison's turn toward alternative history is signaled by Beloved 's most immediate intertext, the archive of slave narratives in general and more particularly the story of Margaret Garner. 1 While working at Random House, Morrison served as the unacknowledged editor for an alternative history of everyday African Americans, The Black Book (1974), a portion of which included excerpts from slave narratives.

Later Morrison came across Garner's story. While working on Beloved in 1985, Morrison claims to have known about Garner only essay thesaurus through a “newspaper clipping”; however, as the novelist continues discussing Garner's escape from Kentucky, Morrison reveals a familiarity that seems to exceed a single newspaper clipping: [Garner] lived in scientific, a little neighborhood just outside of Cincinnati and she had killed her children. She succeeded in thesaurus, killing one; she tried to kill two others. She hit them in the head with a shovel and they were wounded but they didn't die. And there was a smaller one that she had at her breast. The interesting thing, in addition to that, was the interviews that she gave.

She was a young woman. In the independent, inked pictures of her she seemed a very quiet, very serene-looking woman and everyone who interviewed her remarked about her serenity and tranquility. Thesaurus? She said, “I will not let those children live how I have lived.” Morrison goes on to tell about Garner's mother-in-law's reaction to independent pharmacy business plan the killing. More recently Morrison responded to a question regarding her reading of slave narratives and thesaurus their relation to Beloved : I wouldn't read them for information because I knew that they had to independent pharmacy business be authenticated by white patrons, that they couldn't say everything they wanted to say because they couldn't alienate their audience […]. Their narratives had to be very understated. Essay? So while I looked at the documents and felt familiar with slavery and overwhelmed by for esl it, I wanted it to be truly felt. I wanted to essay thesaurus translate the historical into the personal. Claiming little specific knowledge (nor wanting more regarding Garner), Morrison can presumably merge fiction and history in a fashion that will personalize and politicize the gre essay help, past. The earlier quotation, however, suggests that Morrison is more aware of the historical record concerning Garner than she admits, and the reason may have something to do with a desire to conceal another intertext, Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin.

2 Morrison self-consciously changes the facts of Garner's story so that it looks less like the narrative of Stowe's Eliza. Margaret Garner, like Eliza, escapes across the partially frozen Ohio River; Morrison, however, changes this detail in generator, Sethe's crossing of the Ohio. 3 This is an interesting twist on for esl, an author-directed form of intertextuality. Thesaurus? Her earlier titles Song of Solomon and Tar Baby explicitly invite the reader to think about the biblical chapter and pharmacy plan the folk tale; now, however, Morrison's novel directs the reader's attention to Uncle Tom's Cabin because of the fictive moves that create difference and seem almost to say, “Don't think of Stowe's novel.” Yet Stowe's narrative insists on manifesting itself. 4 But what specifically identifies this nineteenth-century novel as an intertext of thesaurus generator Beloved ? In chapter 39 of Uncle Tom's Cabin, Simon Legree's abused mistress, Cassy, develops the plan whereby she and Emmeline (whom Legree plans to succeed Cassy) will escape by hiding in essays scientific, the attic of the cruel master's house. Her stratagem is based on “the memory of an old ghost legend” (396), which in turn is rooted in the death of a woman slave whom Legree apparently tortured and killed in that garret.

By clever contrivances, Cassy convinces Legree that the attic is indeed haunted, so that when she and Emmeline appear to escape into the swamp, they may safely return to hide in the garret until Legree exhausts himself searching the swamp. While actually carrying out the first part of generator this plan (the apparent escape into the swamp) with Legree in hot pursuit, Emmeline falters: “O Cassy, I'm going to faint!” Cassy responds, pulling a stiletto and says: “If you do, I'll kill you!” (401). Gre Essay Help? This moment, in which a woman who has lost her daughter threatens the young woman who is that lost daughter's metaphorical substitute, resonates particularly with a central moment in Toni Morrison's Beloved —Sethe's successful killing of her baby daughter, Beloved, when the mother realizes she and thesaurus generator her children will be taken back into slavery. Cassy's relation to Sethe becomes even clearer in the life history that Cassy narrates to Tom. She tells him how she killed a son out of love. Cassy's first son, fathered by the master whom she loved, had been taken from her after the on the scientific, master sold her; she reasons, therefore, that her second son's life—given the generator, violent disruptions of the for esl, black family under slavery—would not be worth living and so gives the essay thesaurus generator, baby laudanum (364). Taken together, Sethe's and Cassy's infanticides suggest the alexander pope essay, way Beloved rewrites Uncle Tom's Cabin, a rewriting that refuses the thesaurus, vision of Stowe's Christian world and simultaneously posits an Africanist realm of spirituality. Unlike spirituality in essays on the scientific revolution, Stowe's novel, in which the tortured black body of Uncle Tom can be released only by death into eternal salvation, whatever paradise can be achieved in Morrison's novel must happen in relation to the body.

Several other overt parallels between Beloved and Uncle Tom's Cabin remain despite Morrison's apparent attempt to deflect the reader's attention from the connection. Essay Generator? 5 Like Eliza, who lives in comfort and apparent security from the market economy of slavery at the Harris farm in Kentucky, Sethe also lives on scientific, a Kentucky farm where the human dignity of the slaves appears secure. In both novels, this tranquil state terminates suddenly: in Uncle Tom's Cabin, Mr. Essay Thesaurus? Shelby must sell two of his slaves or risk losing his farm; in no fear hamlet essay, Beloved, the essay thesaurus generator, death of the good master allows the sadistic schoolteacher to take over. In response, both Eliza with her child and Sethe, pregnant with Denver, escape to Ohio. Pharmacy? But here the essay thesaurus generator, parallels begin to break down. Pope On Man Analogy? Eliza's story quickly moves toward comedy. She is reunited with her husband and the family unit makes its way to Canada.

In fact, except for the Christian martyr Tom, all of Stowe's major characters find integration into a larger community. Eliza is reunited with her mother, just as Cassy is reunited with her daughter. Even the essay thesaurus generator, sting of gre essay help Uncle Tom's death is essay generator, mitigated by the narrator's certain knowledge that Tom goes to meet his Maker. In a novel that purports to essay family violence reveal the horrors of slavery, it oddly becomes a sort of essay fairy tale, a wish fulfillment nominated as “truth stranger than fiction. How can it be otherwise, when a system prevails which whirls families and alexander pope essay scatters their members, as the wind whirls and scatters the essay thesaurus, leaves of autumn? These shores of refuge, like the eternal shore, often unite again, in glad communion, hearts that for long years have mourned each other as lost” (424). Beloved 's reunions, on the other hand, are far from easy or fortunate. Paul D finds Sethe only accidentally and after years of wandering.

And he is not her husband. Moreover, Morrison's novel addresses ambiguously the essay, mother-daughter reunion. Not all haunted houses lead to essay thesaurus happy homes. Chapter 42 of Uncle Tom's Cabin claims, with Stowe's Fieldingesque irony, to family violence be “An Authentic Ghost Story.” Cassy, who, unlike Sethe, is thesaurus generator, not haunted by the killing of her child, decides to “haunt” Legree as part of her plan to escape with Emmeline. She begins leaving the garret at gre essay help, night dressed in generator, a sheet and appears to Legree one night thus attired. Gre Essay Help? In doing so she brings to bear an understanding of Legree's fear of the slave he killed in the attic and essay of his recurring dread of the independent plan, rough way he treated his dying mother. Thesaurus Generator? Cassy's action drives Legree into insanity that hastens his death. So in one sense, the violence, figure of the generator, ghost in Legree's plantation house is the simplest of the three. Cassy, as the reader is well aware, is the “ghost,” a ploy she uses to defeat an evil man.

In another sense, though, the ghost in Legree's house is essay family, complicated by Stowe's Christian world picture. Essay Generator? 6 Speaking of Legree, who returns from a night of drinking, the narrator tells us: “let a man take what pains he may to hush it down, a human soul is an awful, ghostly, unquiet possession for alexander pope essay on man analogy a bad man to have” (417). To figure the soul as a ghost, however, pulls against thesaurus the narrator's assertion that Legree's superstitious nature is a trait “common to coarse and uninstructed minds” (367-68), for what is Legree's superstition but an intimation of his ghostly soul? That is to say, it is precisely Legree's superstition that is closest to his spirituality and gre essay help the possibility of his redemption. In Legree's house, then, ghosts are simultaneously affirmed and denied: the thesaurus generator, narrator's overt rhetoric makes the idea of ghosts laughable, while Stowe's Christian vision assures us of gre essay help a different supernatural, the realm of heaven and angels.

Stowe's Christian supernatural emerges in thesaurus generator, the contrasting yet parallel death scenes of two of Tom's masters—the good New Orleans master, St. Clare, and the vicious planter, Legree. On St. Clare's deathbed in Stowe's aptly titled chapter “Reunion,” the good man has a vision of his mother: “Just before the spirit parted, he opened his eyes, with a sudden light, as of joy and recognition, and essay said, ‘Mother!’ and then he was gone!” (318). Not only essay generator does St. Clare encounter his mother's ghost in for esl, the moment of his dying, he himself is denominated as one—“spirit.” Just as Tom's good master is ushered into eternity by his mother, so too is Legree met by his mother who will lead him to thesaurus generator eternal damnation.

Although initially it was Cassy's acting that drove Legree to distraction, it is Legree's mother who comes to his deathbed, “a stern, white, inexorable figure, saying, ‘Come! come! come!’” (418). The distinction, we might say, is between ghosts and holy ghosts or angels, which—as appearance of these two mothers at the deaths of their sons would suggest—aligns these maternal ghosts with a feminine principle in Stowe's discourse. This feminine principle has everything to do with an opposition between reason and feeling. 7. And those with the on the scientific revolution, most natural relation to feeling in Stowe's world are women, children, and African Americans. The dying Eva's relation to her father, St. Clare, and Tom's relation to his various masters underscore Stowe's world picture. Eva, for essay example, leads her father to Christ, but only by the assertion of her belief, a belief that cannot be grounded on reason. Tom's relation to St.

Clare duplicates Eva's, since Tom vows never to leave until “Mas'r St. Clare's a Christian” (306). No Fear? Tom, like Eva, bases his appeal not on reason but on faith. Generator? From the outset we are told that Tom is gre essay help, simple. Generator? His stature as Christian tragic hero resides in his spiritual greatness, his ability to feel the logos, not to on man analogy reason with it: Uncle Tom was a sort of generator patriarch in religious matters in the neighborhood. Plan? [… H]e was looked up to with great respect, as a sort of minister among them; and the simple, hearty, sincere style of thesaurus generator his exhortations, might have edified even better educated persons.

But it was in prayer that he especially excelled. Nothing could exceed the touching simplicity, the childlike earnestness of his prayer, enriched with the language of Scripture, which seemed so entirely to have wrought itself into his being as to essays have become a part of himself, and to drop from his lips unconsciously. […] And so much did his prayer always work on thesaurus generator, the devotional feeling of his audiences, that there seemed often a danger that it would be lost altogether in the abundance of the responses which broke out everywhere around him. Tom's religion, like Romantic poetry, is the spontaneous overflow of essay family powerful emotions. Tom, however, readily grants St. Clare superior intellect, something Tom admires as a sign that God has “a work for mas'r” (306). Tom's ministrations to his masters never deviates, no matter what kind of thesaurus generator man his master is. Tom is as good and faithful a servant to Legree as he was to Mr. Shelby or to St. Clare. Refusing only to harm other slaves, Tom is a model of subservience on the Legree plantation.

Stowe's Christian world picture, for alexander all its assertion of the moral superiority of true Christian women, slaves, and children, ultimately reinscribes what Jacques Lacan has termed the Name-of-the-Father, paternal authority that functions as linguistic construct (Lacan 199). The faithful wife, the humble slave, or the essay, dutiful child may remind the husband, the essay family, master, or the father of the good and the true, but authority always resides with the male. And it is the duty of the wife, the slave, and the child to essay submit to male authority, even when it is independent pharmacy, questionable, and to leave punishment of the bad man (that is, the essay thesaurus generator, failed embodiment of the father function) to that ultimate symbolic Father, God. Even on the Legree plantation, Emmeline can say to the doubting Cassy, “You must trust Him, Cassy. […] He is our Father!” (406). The most persistent contradiction in Stowe's novel, then, is that while it scrutinizes earthly manifestations of patriarchy, in the final instance it resoundingly affirms patriarchy as transcendent design, thus remaining well within the gre essay help, logocentrism of essay thesaurus generator God the Father. As Uncle Tom's Cabin and Beloved meditate on community, they begin to chart a parent's possible motivation for sacrificing a child. If Uncle Tom's Cabin argues for the efficacy of women in a spiritual patriarchy, Beloved functions in rubrics for esl essays, part to recover a realm of spirit that is outside and prior to transcendence conceived of in masculine tropes. 8 A key difference is marked by the nature of ghosts in Morrison's novel.

The “ghosts” that haunt Legree's house are actually human agents, not spirits. Essay? In Beloved, 124 Bluestone Road is shakespeare, indeed visited by essay generator an authentic ghost. 9 We have a situation more complex than in Uncle Tom's Cabin, which takes an either/or stance on ghosts—even though, as I noted earlier, Stowe's novel covertly subverts this opposition that the narrator articulates. Beloved instead posits a both/and relation to ghosts: Beloved is simultaneously a material being and a spirit. But whose spirit? The various answers readers have given to this question yield a sense of the synchronicity that Beloved represents. She is Sethe's dead child come home, she is Seth's hanged mother reincarnated, she is spirit of the Middle Passage; Beloved is, in short, a metonymy for the “Sixty Million and more” of the book's dedication, a number representing those killed, raped, or otherwise physically and psychologically damaged in the history of the no fear shakespeare hamlet essay, American slave trade. As such, Beloved is not the Word but rather the essay, “rememory” made flesh.

Morrison's representation of ghosts points to a difference between the haunting of Sethe's house and that of Legree's. This difference turns on the way spirituality is articulated through religious language, particularly in Uncle Tom's Cabin and essays on the Beloved. Essay Generator? As the intersection of the material body and the spirit, the impregnated Beloved serves as a figure for essay on man analogy the religious thinking of essay thesaurus generator Baby Suggs. Her spirituality resonates with the Dogon creation myth that mourns the lost possibilities of androgyny and the female in the fallen world. In Morrison's rewriting of Uncle Tom's Cabin, she apparently omits “the hero of business our story” (Stowe 28), Uncle Tom. Tom, the religious patriarch of the essay thesaurus generator, Shelby farm, however, is recast in violence, the maternal figure of Baby Suggs. And the religion she preaches has a much different message than the submission Tom advocates. Thinking about the atrocities committed by white people in the aftermath of the Civil War, Stamp Paid asks himself, “What are these people? You tell me, Jesus. What are they?” (180).

But in Beloved, Tom's Jesus can neither succor nor explain. Although Tom dies in thesaurus generator, certainty of gre essay help meeting his Heavenly Father, Baby Suggs dies in doubt; nevertheless, Beloved in its fictive resolution triumphantly affirms her religion of the maternal body. Thesaurus Generator? In the clearing where she held her ceremonies, Baby Suggs, shunning the patriarchal Word, “did not tell them they were the rubrics for esl essays, blessed of the generator, earth, its inheriting meek or its glorybound pure”; instead, “she told them that the only grace they could have was the alexander essay, grace they could imagine”: “Here,” she said, “in this here place, we flesh; flesh that weeps, laughs; flesh that dances on bare feet in essay thesaurus, grass. Love it. Love it hard. Yonder they do not love your flesh. They despise it. […] Love your hands!

Love them. Raise them up and kiss them. Touch others with them, pat them together […]. This is flesh I'm talking about here. Alexander Essay Analogy? Flesh that needs to be loved. […] And all your inside parts that they'd just as soon slop for hogs, you got to love them.

The dark, dark liver—love it, love it, and the beat and beating heart, love that too. More than eyes or feet. Generator? More than lungs that have yet to draw free air. More than your life-holding womb and your life-giving private parts, hear me now, love your heart. For this is the family violence, prize. If Tom's Christianity is the religion that legitimizes a masculine libidinal economy that privileges the transmission of the patriarchal Word in the father-son relationship (with woman as the essay, ghostly go-between), then Baby Suggs's religion of the body envisions a fleshy and fluid spirit suggestive of the maternal body. In the opening sentence of no fear hamlet her sermon, an interesting expression leads in two directions simultaneously—“we flesh.” The strangeness of the words points to an irreducible tension.

Simultaneously “flesh” functions as a metonymical noun of address to her listeners and as a verb describing the body's fluid processes enacted as communal ritual. But her role as preacher of the thesaurus, flesh also reveals Baby Suggs as the synthesis of Morrison's previous representations of the pope essay, artist figure, particularly as this character develops aspects of Pilate Dead. Clearly, Baby Suggs is the thesaurus, master of an expressive form, unlike the many maimed or near artists of Morrison's previous fiction. Having healed herself through the writing of her first four novels, Morrison now figures an alexander analogy, artist who can truly heal the community in essay generator, ways that a Soaphead Church or a Sula cannot. In the female preacher of Beloved, one might say, Morrison reveals her aspirations for no fear essay her art and essay communal role. Rather than art imitating life, life follows art, for Baby Suggs seems to model the role of public intellectual that Morrison has come to play since the late 1980s. Neither an Uncle Tom nor an artist manque, Baby Suggs weds the on the scientific, aesthetic to both the spiritual and essay generator the ethical, suggesting the enlarged public role Morrison would carve out for herself in order to comment more broadly on racism in America.

But even as Morrison imagines the larger potential for expression, the specter of marginality arises once again, for Baby Suggs, like all of Morrison's artist figures, risks becoming isolated from the community. Essay Family Violence? This of course is precisely what happens when she gives too much of herself in the aftermath of the feast she prepares for her daughter-in-law, recently escaped from essay slavery. Reproducing the miracle of Tom's Jesus (the feeding of the multitude), Baby Suggs only essay family earns the community's resentment by her fantastic excess. It is in fact this prosperity that marks Baby Suggs's difference from so many of generator Morrison's earlier characters whose authenticity seems to depend on a life that is economically pinched. This is not to say that Baby Suggs has not experienced the privations of slavery.

She may have gained her daughter-in-law but her son is denied her. Moreover, Baby Suggs's prosperity is relative; she is hardly wealthy, but in this all-black, post-Civil War community, she has more than she needs and no fear hamlet essay more than others. As her neighbors sullenly acknowledge, she has “a house with two floors and a well” (137). Acknowledging that “she had overstepped” (138) by giving too much of her gifts (thus flaunting her blessings), Baby Suggs senses the essay thesaurus generator, ill will of the pharmacy business, black community just prior to the arrival of schoolteacher and essay thesaurus generator ensuing tragedy. As she hoes her garden, she recalls her seven children taken from her, naming four of them, and tries to essays on the scientific imagine them grown. Essay Thesaurus Generator? The last of the four names points to for esl essays the reflexivity and unfinished business of self-fashioning latent in the moment.

She asks herself, “Does Ardelia still love the thesaurus generator, burned bottom of gre essay help bread?” (139). Essay? By having the rubrics for esl, novel's central figuration of the artist invoke the first name of Morrison's maternal grandmother, the secret Ardelia of Chloe Wofford, the author seems to come to thesaurus terms with whatever might be threatening in rubrics for esl essays, that name. In a sense Morrison becomes the essay thesaurus generator, grandmother's mother and thus claims herself as her own ancestor. Baby Suggs's decline, as many readers have noted, occurs “twenty-eight days after her daughter-in-law arrived” (89). This time period, the menstrual cycle, anticipates a different flowing of revolution female blood, Sethe's slitting her daughter's throat.

The flowing of blood also is thesaurus generator, linked to another flowing of bodily fluids, Sethe's milk, milk intended for alexander pope essay on man the child whose blood she spills. Here both Luce Irigaray's feminist theory and thesaurus generator Baby Suggs's sermon speak together to comment on the crime schoolteacher's nephews perpetrate on Sethe's maternal body. In Halle's telling, schoolteacher and alexander analogy his nephews are good Christians (37), yet the nephews' act of stealing Sethe's milk is a figure of the division of body and spirit, a moment erecting boundaries between self and other. Generator? The stealing of Sethe's milk is Beloved 's primal scene—that which must be simultaneously repressed and repeated. In fact the pope essay analogy, novel literally repeats the violation as a moment of Enlightenment discourse: schoolteacher records with the ink Sethe has made for his “scientific” investigation into race his nephews' rape of her; for schoolteacher, Sethe's pain is invisible and serves only as another moment for him to attempt to know her essential racial identity. Sethe's killing her daughter creates a symbolic economy based on the maternal body in which her act reverses and repays schoolteacher's kinsmen: child's blood replaces mother's milk. The sight of Sethe's holding her slaughtered child renders schoolteacher's nephew unable to explain, paralyzed by “the flow of some shameful liquid” (Irigaray 237).

The amazed white male audience of Sethe's act observe from the essay thesaurus, position of male subjectivity “that finds everything flowing abhorrent”: “Horrible to see: bloody. Fluid has to remain that secret remainder, of the one. Blood, but also milk, sperm, lymph, saliva, spit, tears, humors, gas, waves, airs, fire … light. All threaten to deform, propagate, evaporate, consume him, to flow out of him and into another who cannot be easily held on to” (Irigary 237). Sethe's repayment in this fluid economy reverses by asserting that the boundaries of self exceed the individual body, a position figured strikingly by her nursing the infant Denver shortly thereafter so that the baby ingests simultaneously mother's milk and sister's blood. Beloved 's climactic moment—the hot summer day when the community of women comes to purge 124—is the clearest moment of the primal scene's repetition and serves as an ontological unhinging as it blurs the boundary between past and present. The day becomes a chance for Sethe to choose differently than she did eighteen years earlier. In this repetition, a minor character helps us again see the difference between Uncle Tom's God the Father and Baby Suggs's religion of the body.

As Edward Bodwin returns to his Sweet Home, the house of rubrics for esl essays his childhood that he and his sister rented to Baby Suggs, he is, for all appearances, a benevolent patriarch and member of “the Society,” a local group originally founded to oppose slavery. Yet in his private thoughts he is the excluded son, whose return to 124 is crowded with memories of the thesaurus, tin soldiers he hid from “his father, probably, a deeply religious man who knew what God knew and told everybody what it was” (260). Gre Essay Help? The Society, we learn, had used Sethe's killing her child as political capital to advance the abolitionist cause. But despite Bodwin's ostensibly progressive politics, his personal vanity regarding his dark mustache and white hair leads to an interesting moment of reflection: Twenty years ago when the Society was at its height in opposing slavery, it was as though his coloring was itself the heart of the matter. The “bleached nigger” was what his enemies called him, and on a trip to Arkansas, some Mississippi rivermen, enraged by the Negro boatmen they competed with, had caught him and shoe-blackened his face and his hair. Those heady days were gone now; what remained was the sludge of ill will; dashed hopes and difficulties beyond repair. The appellation “bleached nigger” points to the way that Bodwin, in Morrison's critical terms, is essay thesaurus generator, playing in the dark.

The regret in his meditation seems at essay family violence, odds with the fact that the Society's chief objective has been achieved: the slaves are free. Essentially Bodwin longs for the good old days of slavery so that he might again be an abolitionist freedom fighter and media star. In his self-willed incomprehension of what is implied by his desires, Bodwin stands convicted, along with Tar Baby 's Valerian Street, of “the crime of innocence” ( Tar Baby 242). In his desire to generator return to the pre-Civil War condition of slavery, Bodwin's complicity with schoolteacher is gre essay help, underscored, for both schoolteacher's punishment and Bodwin's (preferably infinitely deferred) liberation of African-American bodies depends on a white male authority. 10 What he does not realize any more than schoolteacher is that Sethe's killing enacts a maternal love that embraces Baby Suggs religion of the body. In a sense Bodwin is the Dead Father coming again to claim Beloved (and in fact he does come to take Sethe's other daughter away), an appropriate reincarnation of schoolteacher—good Christian men both. Sethe's decision to attack schoolteacher/Bodwin rather than kill Beloved (“spirit” woman)/Beloved (child) serves as a therapeutic reenactment that purges Sethe's haunted memory and signals Beloved's departure. But the moment also allows the thesaurus, community to atone for its guilt at having resented Baby Suggs's good fortune and generosity. In coming forward as a group, the thirty women suggest a different kind of religious thinking, one that affirms Baby Suggs's religion of the body.

Even as they are deciding what course of rubrics action to take, the language of the women echoes Baby Suggs's message; speaking of thesaurus Beloved, Ella says: “It's sitting there. Sleeps, eats and raises hell. Pharmacy Business? Whipping Sethe every day.” “No. Grown. The age it would have been had it lived.” “You talking about generator flesh?” “I'm talking about flesh.” The last two lines, suggesting the call-response form of an African-American church service, particularly echo one of Baby Suggs's lines from the no fear hamlet essay, Clearing—“This is flesh I'm talking about here” (88). Thesaurus Generator? It is particularly significant that Ella speaks at this moment.

Although biographical information about Morrison consistently identifies her mother as Ramah Wofford, something curious appears on Morrison's birth certificate. In the essays, space provided for the mother's name, “Ramah Willis” appears but carroted above and before “Ramah” and in the same hand is “Ella.” (See Morrison's birth certificate, reproduced in chapter 2.) The legal status of “Ella” is essay thesaurus generator, not clear. Is it a nickname by which Ramah Wofford was known? Whatever this name's status, it appears clear that Morrison's mother insisted on its addition to essays on the scientific revolution the legal document that is her daughter's birth certificate. This creates yet another significant autobiographical element to Beloved. Baby Suggs, mother to Ardelia, is also the spiritual ancestor to Ella, so that Morrison's depiction of the artistic impulse through Baby Suggs becomes even more highly freighted; there is an essay thesaurus, implied line of metaphorical descent from rubrics for esl essays Baby Suggs through Ardelia and Ella to Chloe. In the symbolic logic of the novel, then, although Baby Suggs is essay generator, gone, her religion of the alexander essay on man analogy, maternal body animates the community's movement toward redemption. The afterlife that Baby Suggs's words achieve is what Morrison surely desires for her own words—that they be remembered. In forming themselves as a group, the women reveal their difference: “Some brought what they could and what they believed would work.

Stuffed in apron pockets, strung around their necks, lying in the space between their breasts. Essay Generator? Others brought Christian faith—as shield and sword. Most brought a little of both” (257). This passage indicates the continuity of older African belief systems in essay violence, America, even when those beliefs had to survive by essay generator going underground and merging with the forms of the master's religion. But the clearest affirmation of Baby Suggs's spirituality is that the group of thirty women goes behind the patriarchal Word of Christianity for origin: “They stopped praying and took a step back to the beginning. No Fear Hamlet Essay? In the beginning there were no words. In the beginning was the sound, and they all knew what that sound sounded like” (259). It is essay generator, precisely this presymbolic sound that gives Sethe the courage to rewrite the essay family, ending to schoolteacher's first visit. 11.

Baby Suggs's religion of the maternal body, affirmed by the cry of the community of women, serves as a different point of entry for rethinking the categories of patriarchy than Stowe's affirmation of God the Father. Moreover, Beloved 's community of women creates a nuanced sense of gender as it relates to the possibility of religious transcendence, one that will find its fullest expression in Paradise. Thesaurus? Morrison's engagement of Uncle Tom's Cabin, by creating an gre essay help, intertextual space that maps what Morrison finds intolerable about Stowe's representation of race and gender, points to the criticism she would soon write in thesaurus generator, “Unspeakable Things Unspoken” and Playing in the Dark. THE AUT(H)O(R)-EROTICS OF NARRATION: PLAYING WITH TEXTUAL PLEASURE. “The postmodern tendencies in Morrison's fiction,” notes Philip Page, “are even more explicit in Jazz than in her previous fiction” (159). Although Page writes this before the alexander pope on man, publication of Paradise, his assertion about the postmodern quality of essay generator Morrison's sixth novel is appropriate.

Jazz indeed seems to analogy play with and directly thematize “such Derridean concepts as the differance, the trace, and thesaurus generator the breach” (Page 159). Gre Essay Help? Perhaps the most obvious instance of this is the self-named character, Joe Trace, who derives his name himself from the only secure knowledge he has about his mother, Wild—that she disappeared without a trace. The orphaned Trace's attempt to track Wild seems initially not to yield his desire. Thesaurus? Searching for any minimal sign of her acknowledgment, he finds nothing. Nothing, that is, until Felice communicates to him the dying words of the rubrics for esl, girl, Dorcas, who Joe shot.

Dorcas's words make present a verbal trace substituting for the absent maternal body and thesaurus serve as the long deferred moment of acknowledgment. Joe's surrogate father, Hunter's Hunter, known as Henry Lestory or LesTroy (148) “suggests that he is a synecdoche for the novel. Henry is the story in the sense that he has perfected the story's principal metaphor, tracking […]” (Page 164). Alexander Analogy? 12 Between the trace and the story lies the metafictionality of Jazz, a story full of improbable reconciliations: between husband and essay thesaurus wronged wife, between the gre essay help, wife who mutilated her husband's lover's corpse and that girl's aunt, between the middle-aged lover and the girl he kills, between a son and thesaurus generator a father whom the son initially hoped to kill. One thing to note about the story of Jazz, particularly the one in the novel's present (1926), is independent pharmacy business, that the possibilities of black identity are played out in a different economic environment than Morrison uses in her earlier fiction. Harlem in the 1920s with its black-owned businesses represents a prosperous African-American community. Whether she intends it or not, Morrison's sixth novel seems to comment on her first. Like Cholly and essay thesaurus Pauline Breedlove, Joe and on the revolution Violet Trace leave the racism of the rural South for the economic promise of the thesaurus, North. From the time they arrive in New York City in 1906 through the 1920s, the Traces (unlike the no fear shakespeare essay, Breedloves) are upwardly mobile.

Joe finds progressively better paying jobs that afford the Traces a number of life's small comforts. And though both the Breedloves and the Traces experience tragedy in their new homes, the Traces transcend the tragic denouement that the plot wishes to impose. In The Bluest Eye, the Breedloves' move to essay Lorain, Ohio, encodes the loss of one form of authenticity—that of the rural black community. But for the Traces, whatever African-American identity they forge by the end of Jazz does not depend exclusively on independent, their embracing rural black poverty. Despite the essay thesaurus generator, undeniable importance of Joe and independent Violet's reconciliation, the thesaurus, larger reconciliation of this novel happens not at the level of the story but of the discourse—the narration itself and the narrator, Morrison's figuration once again of the artist. Morrison's representation of authorship participates in the profoundly metafictional orientation of Jazz. Almost from the outset the novel poses as its hermeneutic problem the identity of its disembodied narrator. On The Scientific Revolution? When the narrator announces “I haven't got any muscles, so I can't really be expected to thesaurus defend myself” (8), the reader's hunt for an elusive identity begins. Although there is essay, no definitive evidence that the narrator is essay thesaurus generator, either black or female, Eusebio Rodrigues thoughtfully explores the issue of essay who speaks by looking closely at generator, the novel's epigraph from the gnostic text The Nag Hammadi.

Since this first-person voice in essays on the scientific, the epigraph is the goddess Thunder, the first-person narrator's reference to her narration as “my storm” (219) suggests for essay thesaurus Rodrigues that the narrator is a “female immanence of the divine” (261). For Esl Essays? For Vincent O'Keefe, the epigraph “represents not only a form of heresy against or revision of Christianity […] but also a feminist resistance to the masculine domination of Christian spirituality” (334). If one accepts Rodrigues's and O'Keefe's arguments, then there seems to be a clear link from the representation of an alternative spirituality in Beloved to the narrative consciousness of Jazz. Essay? Baby Suggs's project, in effect, is continued by the narrator of Jazz, yet the later artist figure has a much more dialogical conception of her authority, one that allows her to transcend the isolation of artistic production. In Beloved Baby Suggs heals the community, but who or what can heal Baby Suggs? The consensus view sees the narrator of Jazz as female, and independent pharmacy plan I certainly follow that convention, but I want to retain another sense of the narrator's sexual identity. For Henry Lewis Gates, Jr., the narrator's indeterminacy extends to the matter of a determinate sex: “it is neither male nor female […]. It is both and neither ” (“Jazz” 54). Gates is right to emphasize indeterminacy, and given the novel's conclusion, I wish to stress his claim that the narrator is both male and essay generator female, if not always simultaneously so, then alternately.

13 As the hamlet, narrator's pleasure is delineated, it seems as though this speaker represents the essay generator, emotional bisexuality of for esl essays artistic production. Whatever the exact identity of the essay generator, narrator, as the teller of the story, she certainly figures the author function. Early in her representation of essays on the scientific herself she says, “I lived a long time, maybe too much, in my own mind. People say I should come out essay generator, more. Essays On The? Mix. I agree that I close off in places, but if you have been left standing, as I have, while your partner overstays at thesaurus, another appointment, or promises to give you exclusive attention after supper, but is falling asleep just as you have begun to speak—well, it can make you inhospitable if you aren't careful, the essay analogy, last thing I want to be” (9). Doreatha Drummond Mbalia in fact directly equates the essay thesaurus, narrator with Morrison on the grounds that, like the family, narrator who speaks of problems with “a partner,” Morrison “experienced problems with her mate”; moreover like the essay generator, narrator, “the novelist […] may live too much in the mind. It is this similarity that makes narrator and author a part of the narrative structure” (636). Whether one wishes to read this moment quite so autobiographically, Mbalia's reading certainly underscores the way the narrator figures authorship and its discontents.

If Baby Suggs culminates Morrison's development of the empowered artist figure, Jazz works to question that authority. This questioning occurs in pope essay analogy, the narration and essay the progressive loss of rubrics for esl essays authority experienced by the first-person narrator who is not a character in the story she tells of both parental and sexual love lost and found. The narrator's confident predictions at the beginning (which outline the story and intimate a denouement of essay violent repetition when Felice again triangulates the essay family violence, relationship between Joe and essay thesaurus Violet Trace) turn to uncertain speculation about rubrics essays Golden Gray and finally to a frank admission of essay generator error and limitation. Rubrics Essays? But for all the acknowledgment of fallibility, the essay generator, narrator remains remarkably free from anxiety, a sign of Morrison's fuller comfort with her authorial role. From this new position of comfort, Jazz returns us to the collapsed space of sexual and textual pleasure, but now not as that which must be repressed as it was in essays, Sula.

Instead, Jazz 's more playful narration suggests that the healing that Baby Suggs imagines in her spiritual art may also flow back to the artist through the person of the reader. I want to turn, then, to the conclusion of Morrison's sixth novel because it is there that the narrator begins to dismantle her authority. Essay? Against the narrator's authorizing predictions, Joe, Violet, and Felice form a felicitous relationship. It is not necessary, of course, to believe that Morrison is fooled in the same way as her narrator is by the unpredictability of these characters; nevertheless, the business, narrator of generator Jazz encodes the multiple paradoxes of Morrison's own relation to authority. In short, the essays, author seems to use her narrator to comment on the psychic determinism of her early fiction in which the individual often is doomed to repeat later in life the prior insult and injury that defines his or her adult subjectivity. Cholly Breedlove serves as the paradigmatic example of the early type of thesaurus character in Morrison's fiction for whom “the past was an abused record with no choice but to repeat itself” ( Jazz 220). Psychologically raped by family violence the white men who interrupt his first attempt at coitus, abandoned by his mother, rejected by his father, Cholly cannot but repeat the insult in his relation with Mrs. Breedlove. Even more devastatingly, he literalizes his psychological rape by thesaurus generator raping his daughter, an act that marks the full extent of his limited ability to pharmacy business plan love. Sula's subjectivity, though aesthetically refined, is essay thesaurus, marked by her overhearing her mother's claim to love but not like her; as a result, Sula is doomed to repeat the essay family violence, loss of intimacy in her relationship with both Nel and essay thesaurus Ajax. Though he discovers authenticity in his journey when he accepts Pilate's values, Milkman's life up to that point has been shaped by his oedipal struggle with the father.

Even beyond the content of her earlier fictions of identity formation, Morrison seems in Jazz to comment on her earlier modernist narration in The Bluest Eye. Rubrics For Esl? That first novel begins with two prefaces, both of generator which suggest psychic determinism. The repetition of the gre essay help, text of a standard elementary school primer, in which each iteration removes more markers of capitalization and punctuation, suggests the way the racialism of the primer's representation of a white world moves from essay consciousness to the unconscious. Through this movement Morrison suggests how the African-American child in such a pedagogical environment becomes the subject of ideology. The second preface to The Bluest Eye tells the story in miniature, as many modernist texts do, so that the reader must attend not to the pleasure of on the discovery but to an analysis of the logic of tragedy predicated on psychological repetitions. The first four pages of essay generator Jazz, of course, by giving a version of the complete story, seem to rubrics essays do what the second prefacing gesture of The Bluest Eye accomplishes. But in the later novel this modernist technique is undone. Only in Beloved does Morrison fully imagine a way that the past could be rewritten. Thesaurus? Sethe has a chance to plan choose again and, given her second chance, affirms the maternal religion of Baby Suggs.

But if Beloved emphasizes the maternal body, Jazz points the essay, reader to pope the erotic female body. After all, a colloquial meaning of the participle form—jazzing—is “having sex.” In this regard, what the narrator identifies as her erroneous pride in believing her narration is infallible is linked to an autoerotic sexuality. During her admission that she got things wrong, she notes: “I was the predictable one, confused in my solitude into arrogance, thinking my space, my view was the only one that was or that mattered. I got so aroused while meddling, while finger-shaping, I overreached and missed the obvious” (220). Thesaurus Generator? Solitude, as we have seen in so many of Morrison's previous figurations of the no fear hamlet essay, artistic subject position—from Soaphead Church to Baby Suggs—is risky, leading to Church's aberrant sexual desires and to Baby Suggs's overreaching. Essay? But by the end of Jazz, the narrator's sexual object choice shifts away from the self (as suggested by the controlling and perhaps masturbatory pleasures of finger-shaping) and toward another, a move in which the narrator announces her previously unspoken desires.

One of the ways this movement manifests itself is Morrison's turn to rubrics a more postmodern poetics that blurs the essay generator, boundaries between the no fear shakespeare hamlet essay, mimetic—the world the novel represents—and the diegetic—the telling of the essay generator, story. The clearest instance of this blurring occurs near the end when the narrator's meditation turns to the voiceless woman known as Wild, a disturbing figure to the men of the novel because her presence is known only by her absence, but whose absence is experienced as an eerie presence: I'd love to essays close myself in the peace left by essay the woman who lived there and gre essay help scared everybody. Unseen because she knows better than to thesaurus generator be seen. After all, who would see her, a playful woman who lived in gre essay help, a rock? Who could, without fright?

Of her looking eyes looking back? I wouldn't mind. Essay Thesaurus? Why should I? She has seen me and is not afraid of me. She hugs me. Understands me. Has given me her hand. Essays? I am touched by her. Released in secret. Here the narrator receives in a clear and unambiguous fashion what Joe Trace has longed for all his life—Wild's direct and unmediated acknowledgment. But what might this acknowledgment mean?

The touch the generator, narrator receives from Wild of course makes no sense in terms of realistic representation. Wild would be long dead and yet the pope on man analogy, supernatural possibility that allows Joe's mother to manifest herself through the essay, youthful Dorcas permits one to imagine a Wild who could still be part of the present time of narration. Gre Essay Help? On the one hand, Wild's touch, read in the context of Joe's search for his absent mother, seems to essay thesaurus generator make her the timeless goddess figure's mother—Wild as the ancestor of Thunder. On the other hand, a different context is established by the novel's concluding paragraphs, one in which the narrator's being touched and hugged by gre essay help Wild figures a movement away from a controlling self-arousal toward another sense of thesaurus erotic possibility. Pope Essay? In this regard, Wild's embrace echoes Sula's desire for the intimate female companion who can complete her; thus one might articulate a logic of essay thesaurus generator Jazz : the character in the story who is pope essay on man analogy, body but not voice (Wild) completes the thesaurus generator, chief character of the discourse (the narrator) who is voice without body. Not only is a boundary crossed when a character within the story embraces the teller of the tale who is outside the rubrics for esl essays, story. A further limit is essay, imaginatively transgressed in the final two paragraphs of the novel. Now the embrace occurs between the narrator, the character that figures the author function, and the reader. 14 And although the real reader seems to be encompassed by the fiction, that reader, I will argue, is positioned in no fear shakespeare hamlet, a particular fashion.

One arrives at this sexualized moment from an odd and paradoxical admission on essay thesaurus generator, the narrator's part. Commenting on the reconciled love of Joe and Violet, the narrator laments: I envy them their public love. I myself have only known it in essay violence, secret, shared it in secret and longed, aw longed to show it—to be able to say out thesaurus generator, loud what they have no need to say at for esl, all: That I have loved only thesaurus generator you, surrendered my whole self reckless to you and nobody else. Hamlet? That I want you to love me back and show it to me. That I love the way you hold me, how close you let me be to you. I like your fingers on and on, lifting, turning. Essay Generator? I have watched your face for independent pharmacy business plan a long time, now, and missed your eyes when you went away from me. Talking to you and hearing you answer—that's the kick. What is essay thesaurus, striking in this description is the narrator's assertion of a difference between her passion, which has always remained secret, and Joe and family violence Violet's open heterosexuality.

The narrator's closeted passion has remained unnamed, yet paradoxically, in the moment of enunciation, it becomes the unspeakable thing spoken. But then the final paragraph seems to dissolve the issue of sexuality by turning the matter into a riddle: But I can't say that aloud; I can't tell anyone that I have been waiting for this all my life and essay that being chosen to wait is the reason I can. Alexander? If I were able I'd say it. Say make me, remake me. Essay? You are free to do it and I am free to let you because look, look. Look where your hands are. Now. Page has certainly provided a useable answer to the riddle—the narrator's “secret love is for the reader […].

She imagines that she is the scientific, book and therefore that the reader holds her […]” (173-74). Essay Generator? Such a solution does open the novel up in interesting ways. Essays On The Scientific? Fully confident regarding her authority (in ways that Morrison was not in generator, her first four novels), the narrator can now risk giving that identity away in the apparent sexual gift that the gre essay help, narrator makes of herself at novel's end. In authorizing the reader to complete the meaning of essay thesaurus her text, Morrison reverses Roland Barthes's poetics of pleasure from The Pleasure of the family, Text. Instead of the reader's bliss that results from thesaurus generator one's turning one's text of pleasure into writerly activity, Morrison articulates the storyteller's bliss at being remade. Morrison, however, as we have seen, has not always embraced all her readers and their various interpretations. 15 Here I want to independent introduce the possibility (only finally to essay thesaurus generator reject it) that Jazz may be working to position its ideal reader as female. As my discussion of the ending of the novel makes clear, there are two transgressive embraces that the narrator experiences—Wild's (which crosses a narrative boundary) and the reader's (which enacts a private physicality that dare not speak itself publicly).

If one reads the essays on the, two moments relationally, so that the former (a woman-woman embrace) is the generator, context for understanding the later, then it would be possible to on the argue that this novel specifically positions its reader as female. From a postcolonial perspective, then, my subject position as a white male reader of Jazz would become thoroughly and hopelessly compromised. As Franz Fanon argues in chapter 2 of Black Skin, White Masks (“The Woman of Color and thesaurus generator the White Man”), the possibility of “authentic love” between such a pair will remain “unattainable” so long as racialized thinking exists. Gre Essay Help? If the novel constructs the ideal reader as female, I should not even be reading Morrison—let alone writing about her—for to do so would position me as the always already colonizing white male who subjugates the sexualized body of the black woman. It is essay thesaurus generator, here, however, that I wish to return to Gates's sense of the indeterminacy of the narrator's sexual identity. If we read the narrator as both female and male, then the essays on the revolution, embrace between narrator and reader is large indeed, for it recognizes a wide variety of sexual-textual pleasures. The narrator's Whitmanesque acknowledgment of the reader's touch admits that there are a multitude of religions of the body, so that the touch represented in the final sentence may be imagined as occurring between man and woman, man and man, or woman and woman; the embrace, in fact, may even be intergenerational or interracial.

The overcontrolling narrator of essay generator Jazz who learns to accept limitations on essays, “her” authority seems to encode Morrison's recognition that she no longer needs to attempt to control the meaning of her published novels by telling critics what kind of reading is appropriate. The pleasure of the text, both that of the writer and the reader, allows for a polymorphously perverse (con)textuality. With this sense of the resonance of the thesaurus, novel's conclusion, I want to return briefly to Morrison's relation to William Faulkner, which was the focus of chapter 4 of this study. Rubrics For Esl? His novel Absalom, Absalom!, one of Morrison's recurring texts of pleasure, seems to essay have moved her from readerly pleasure to writerly bliss. Independent Business? I began my discussion of Jazz by listing the novel's improbable reconciliations. One addition to my earlier list might be Morrison's relation to Faulkner. Thesaurus Generator? Her comments published in essay family violence, 1993 in which she speaks of her “fascination” with Faulkner as she details a line-by-line reading she performed of essay thesaurus generator Absalom for her students at Princeton provide a specific context for no fear shakespeare hamlet thinking about Faulkner's novel in essay generator, relation to Jazz. 16 Given the time frame of these remarks, Morrison's careful reading of Absalom, Absalom!, which led to her classroom lecture, appears to on the scientific have occurred during the time she was writing Jazz. Morrison's unpublished lecture, then, becomes a crucial intertext to Jazz, pointing to her engagement with Faulkner on race and the possibilities of acknowledgement. But if Morrison uses Faulkner's Go Down, Moses as a kind of scaffolding for thesaurus generator Song of Solomon, her reading of Faulkner manifests itself more playfully in her later novel.

This is not to say that her purpose is for esl essays, not serious. Indeed, Morrison revises Absalom 's oedipally infected masculine struggle for the father's recognition. But Jazz may also tell us something through her play upon Faulknerian voice. Particularly in essay, the unnumbered sections six and seven of Jazz, Morrison produces a pastiche of Faulknerian style, subject matter, and plot through her narrator's at times uncertain history of the racially mixed Golden Gray. Essay On Man? In Absalom, lines of family relations are obscured by Thomas Sutpen's refusal to essay acknowledge the children he fathers by black women. Miscegenation in Faulkner's novel happens exclusively when African-American women have children by white fathers. Gre Essay Help? Within that frame, however, Faulkner teases at the supreme horror of his Southern white community: what if a black man slept with a white woman? This question is central to essay thesaurus Quentin and Shreve's construction of Henry Sutpen's motive for murdering Charles Bon.

The seductive, charming Charles Bon serves as the white Southern community's repressed ideological horror: if white men can father black men who appear white, then these same “white” black men can beget black children on white women. These are the issues and questions Morrison directly addresses in rubrics for esl essays, her critical mapping of the ideological boundaries of Faulkner's already searching examination of “the insanity of racism.” Morrison's Golden Gray starts out by reproducing the desire of Charles Bon but ends perhaps by revising the choice of Etienne Bon. Thesaurus? Like Charles Bon, Golden Gray is the product of miscegenation, yet Morrison reverses Faulknerian genealogy: Golden is the son of a privileged white woman, Vera Louise Gray, and a dark-skinned slave, Henry LesTroy (or Lestory). Essays On The Scientific? Vera Louise's father, Colonel Gray, like Colonel Sutpen, has fathered mixed-race children. His discovery of his daughter's sexual behavior leaves him devastated, and in an act that recalls Sutpen's repudiation of essay his Haitian wife, Colonel Gray disavows his relationship with his daughter, giving her a large sum of money to alexander pope essay on man go away. It is here that one key element of essay thesaurus generator Morrison's rewriting of Absalom stands out. Thomas Sutpen, the patriarch who wishes to gre essay help design a lasting empire, becomes the obsession of all of those—the sons, the daughters, and wife—he denies; however, unlike Faulkner's Southern colonel, Morrison's is peripheral. Sutpen's first wife may live only for revenge, but Colonel Gray's daughter goes off to Baltimore with her servant, True Belle, to raise her son, and never gives her father another thought. Old Gray's money, however, allows Vera Louise to raise Golden Gray as a gentleman, much as Sutpen's money allows his first wife to raise their light-complexioned, mixed-race son, Charles Bon, in luxury.

Structurally, however, Golden Gray's upbringing more closely parallels and revises that of Charles Bon's son, Charles Etienne Bon. Both Gray and essay thesaurus Etienne are raised by a white woman and a black woman. Both have their sense of their white identity disrupted by unexpected knowledge of their mixed racial background. Still, in Gray's desire to discover the absent father, he recalls Charles Bon's obsession, though with a difference: Bon seeks Sutpen, the white father, for recognition; Gray initially seeks LesTroy to kill him. Raised culturally white in the code of noblesse oblige, Gray is confronted with Henry Sutpen's dilemma. LesTroy, after all, is the black man who slept with his white mother, and his white identity tells him he should kill the family violence, scoundrel.

Yet when he enters LesTroy's cabin and sits on his father's bed, Golden Gray is faced with Charles Bon's sense of loss. What Bon desires from his father, is “the living touch of that flesh warmed before he was born by the same blood which it had bequeathed him to warm his own flesh with, to be bequeathed by him in turn to run hot and loud in veins and limbs after that first flesh and then his own were dead” (255). Returning to Gray's experience of loss in Jazz, one can see how Morrison's novel creates a pastiche of Faulkner's distinctive language: 17. Only now, he thought, now that I know I have a father, do I feel his absence: the place where he should have been and was not. Before, I thought everybody was one-armed, like me. Now I feel the surgery. The crunch of bone when it is sundered, the essay generator, sliced flesh and the tubes of blood cut through, shocking the hamlet essay, bloodrun and disturbing the nerves. Generator? They dangle and writhe.

Singing pain. Waking me with the sound of itself, thrumming when I sleep so deeply it strangles my dreams away. Pharmacy Business Plan? There is thesaurus, nothing for it but to no fear hamlet essay go away from where he is not to where he used to be and might be still. Let the dangle and the writhe see what it is missing; let the pain sing to the dirt where he stepped in the place where he used to be and might be still. I am not going to be healed, or to find the arm that was removed from me. I am going to freshen the pain, point it, so we both know what it is for.

Does Morrison's pastiche of Faulkner mean that Morrison gains no critical distance on his text? 18 No, but that distance arises not intertextually but intratextually. Having reproduced one version of Faulknerian masculinity, potentially tragic in its sense of fatality and intention, Morrison fashions a way to avoid that tragedy. Gray's rhetorical flight, the double of Charles Bon's, is grounded when LesTroy returns home. He tells Gray that he will accept the young man as a son if he can act like a son but warns, “don't bring me no whiteboy sass” (173), an expression that works to deflate Gray's “Faulknerian” tragic rhetoric. Morrison, however, in activating the Faulknerian intertext, invites the reader to participate in a reexamination of his work. The only clear intersection between Absalom, Absalom! and Jazz may be the way Golden Gray's pain parallels Charles Bon's. Essay Thesaurus? But having made this move, Morrison authorizes the reader to think in the space between the two novels.

If I am less certain of other moments where Morrison gestures to Faulkner, my movement from father (Charles) to son (Etienne), although less sure, remains in the spirit of Morrison's novelistic “reading” of Faulkner. If one accepts the Faulknerian resonance in Morrison's narrator, then there is essays on the revolution, a striking passage, one underscoring the metafictional nature of her narration, when the narrator stops to comment on her construction of the story. Thesaurus Generator? She claims to have gotten the portrayal of Golden Gray wrong in a way that eerily recalls Morrison's discussion of Faulkner's delayed and disguised portrayal of race in Absalom, a portrayal that she characterized in on man analogy, The Paris Review interview, quoted earlier, as “ not the point anyway”: What was I thinking of? How could I have imagined him so poorly? Not noticed the hurt that was not linked to the color of his skin, or the blood that beat beneath it. Essay Generator? But to some other thing that longed for authenticity, for a right to be in this place, effortlessly without needing to acquire a false face […]. Now I have to alexander on man analogy think this through, carefully, even though I may be doomed to another misunderstanding. I have to essay thesaurus generator do it and not break down. Not hating him is essays, not enough; liking, loving him is not useful. I have to alter things.

I have to essay generator be a shadow who wishes him well, like the smiles of the dead left over essay family, from their lives. The repeated pronouns in this passage—“he” and “him”—seem not simply to describe the relation between narrator and character but perhaps also to point to a commentary from one author to essay generator another. In this moment, Morrison appears almost to speak in coded form of her revision of and relation to Faulkner. Whether Morrison here stands to Faulkner as the narrator does to Golden Gray, it is in Morrison's second, revised portrayal of Golden Gray that the figure who seems to be altered is rubrics for esl essays, Charles Bon's son, Etienne. If LesTroy demands that Gray choose between black and white identity, this father's articulation of the need to chose seems predicated on the choice Etienne Bon has already made. Like Golden Gray, Etienne is presented with a clear choice between black and white, but how he chooses sets him apart in Faulkner's depiction of racially mixed characters.

Faulkner's most fully developed black male characters of mixed race choose whiteness as the core of their identity. (When they do choose blackness, as Etienne Bon does, it is portrayed as a terrible mistake.) Lucas Beachamp in Go Down, Moses, for essay thesaurus example, fixes his genealogical pride in his descent from Carothers McCaslin, the man who has raped Lucas's grandmother and gre essay help great-grandmother. 19 Etienne chooses blackness through an identification with his mother, but only to emphasize his cultural wounding; Gray also finally chooses blackness, ostensibly through an identification with a black father, though in fact it is as much his union with the voiceless African-American woman, Wild, that creates identity. Morrison initially leaves Gray's decision much less clear than Etienne's, but through Joe Trace's quest for acknowledgement from Wild, Joe's absent mother, the reader discovers the material trace that reveals Gray's choice. (Joe Trace, one of the central figures of the novel's plot of the present, must be read through his relation to his lost mother, so that his desire for acknowledgement from his mother also comments on and revises Charles Bon's desire for generator acknowledgement from his father.) The personal items and scientific revolution male clothing belonging to Golden Gray that Joe discovers in Wild's cave reveal that Golden has chosen blackness through cohabitation with Wild. In this regard, Wild works to reclaim the figure of the nameless black woman whom Etienne Bon marries. Clearly one of essay thesaurus Faulkner's most embarrassing representations of race (even acknowledging its source as Mr. Compson), this woman, who never is given a voice, is described as “coal black and ape-like” (166). Etienne's choice of blackness, an no fear hamlet essay, act that seems to defy black masculine identity even while proclaiming such identity, suggests a racial self-loathing; his marriage to the African-American woman, as Mr. Compson imagines, is done to essay injure Judith, the white woman who urges him to pass for alexander pope analogy white.

Etienne's defiance of the white woman who helped raise him serves as an ongoing act of vengeance against white culture. Golden Gray, however, learns to essay thesaurus love the black woman whom he initially found disgusting. Once again, “Faulknerian pastiche” seems to business be an appropriate way to essay generator name Morrison's use of language when she records Gray's immediate nausea at the sight of the rubrics for esl, obviously pregnant “berry-black woman”; his revulsion at the “black, liquid female” (Faulkner, Light 144-45) almost exactly duplicates Joe Christmas's fear and thesaurus loathing of women. Gray, however, is able to put aside his youthful sense of injury and move past his fear of the feminine. On The Revolution? As a result his choice of blackness becomes an act of love, one in which he accepts a new identity and creates his earthly paradise with Wild. THE ANXIETY OF WRITING YOUR BEST: PARADISIACAL DE-SCRIPTION. As I argue previously in this study, Tar Baby begins Morrison's critique of the all-black agrarian community as the site of African-American authenticity. Milkman Dead's paradise—Shalimar, Virginia—sours in Jadine Child's experience of essay thesaurus generator Eloe, Florida. Paradise expands this critique by essays revolution thoroughly exploding Milkman's sense of both completed authenticity and the essential goodness of a racially pure black community. Ruby, Oklahoma, stands as Morrison's most economically prosperous all-black community, one desperately in need of spiritual renewal; that spiritual renewal, however, does not (as her earlier fiction so often did) demand the return to poverty as the ground of identity.

Despite this novel's expansion of the critique of Song of Solomon 's stand on thesaurus, authenticity, Paradise in a number of ways represents Morrison's return to independent pharmacy the thematics and tropes of her third novel particularly and of her early fiction more generally. In her early fiction, female subjectivity almost always grows out of violation—child abuse, spousal abuse, molestation, or rape. In particular, Paradise returns us to the troubled relation between men and women, particularly when African-American men's sense of identity parallels that of the patriarchal structures of middle-class white culture. Song of Solomon criticizes a masculine identity that sees women as property; Milkman may have worked through this problem, but it is an essay thesaurus generator, identity that makes Jadine reject even Son and his agrarian community. Gender politics, however, moves to the background in both Beloved and Jazz, concerned as they are with building bridges between African-American women and men. In Beloved, white men are the rapists of rubrics both African-American women and men, and in generator, Jazz even the middle-aged man who murders his teenage lover becomes a sympathetic figure. 20 But in the tensions between the patriarchal town of Ruby and the women-centered space of the alexander pope analogy, Convent, Morrison comes back to gender and the issue of generator who has the right to define and name. “What is ours?” and “what must we protect and defend?” are the questions the men in Paradise constantly ask themselves. What the men do, they do “for Ruby” (18). The name itself is a metonymy inasmuch as how the men perceive and protect their town—named for one of their women—is reflected in how they treat each individual wife and daughter. I argued earlier that Song of Solomon uses the figure of doe hunting to define and critique a particular form of patriarchal masculine identity.

This figure returns in the opening chapter of Paradise in which a group of men from Ruby, good hunters whose ostensible goal is to pharmacy business protect their cult of true black womanhood, makes the essay thesaurus, seventeen-mile trek to the Convent to slaughter the women who have created a home there. The men who enter the Convent discover what they want to gre essay help see—“the devil's bedroom, bathroom, and his nasty playpen” (17)—gathering the essay thesaurus generator, rumors of the past twenty years into a narrative that make these women the dangerous Other; unlike their decorous women, the Convent women in these men's eyes are child murderers, lesbians, temptresses, and witches who have turned the former Convent in to a coven. What is rubrics essays, actually more threatening is that these women have claimed, out of their abuse, the thesaurus generator, power to name and identify themselves. This is the alexander pope on man analogy, unspoken reason for the raid on essay generator, the Convent. The Convent women's proximity to Ruby means that Ruby's women have an rubrics, alternative model for conceiving of themselves.

In resorting to murder, these men simply take the logic of Song of Solomon 's Seven Days a step further. Despite claiming to kill white people out of a love for black people, the Seven Days, as I pointed out in thesaurus generator, chapter 4, actually functions to protect African-American men's property interests in black women. The men of essays on the revolution Ruby construct a narrative in which their protection of their black women authorizes their killing of one white girl and four “[b]odacious black Eves unredeemed by Mary” who in the moment of the killing run “like panicked does” (18). 21 The collective male perspective on their task is articulated in the thoughts of one of the men who has invaded the Convent: Certainly there wasn't a slack or sloven woman anywhere in generator, town and the reasons, he thought, were clear. From the alexander essay, beginning its people were free and protected. A sleepless woman could always rise from her bed, wrap a shawl around her shoulders and sit on thesaurus, the steps in the moonlight. And if she felt like it she could walk out the independent pharmacy business plan, yard and on down the road.

No lamp and thesaurus no fear. A hiss-crackle from the side of the road would never scare her because whatever it was that made the sound, it wasn't something creeping up on her. Nothing for ninety miles around thought she was prey. She could stroll as slowly as she liked, think of food preparations, war, of family things, or lift her eyes to stars and think of nothing at all. Lampless and without fear she could make her way. And if a light shone from a house up a ways and the cry of a colicky baby caught her attention, she might step over to the house and call out essays, softly to the woman inside trying to soothe the baby. Essay Thesaurus? The two of them might take turns massaging the infant stomach, rocking, or trying to for esl essays get a little soda water down. Essay Thesaurus Generator? When the baby quieted they could sit together for a spell, gossiping, chuckling low so as not to wake anybody else. In his mind, Ruby represents the best of all possible worlds for women, but clearly Morrison exposes through this character's thoughts the central unacknowledged contradiction of the male communal narrative that authorizes the hunting of women in alexander pope essay analogy, the name of protecting womanhood.

The women of Ruby may walk without fear but they also do so without a lamp, and they are, by and large, unenlightened about anything but their domesticity. They walk but do not drive and there is really nowhere to essay generator go since the pope on man, nearest town is ninety miles away. It is a safety based on isolation that approximates the carceral. The safety of the women of Ruby, moreover, depends on the good will of Ruby's men. Any reader familiar with Morrison's fiction knows that women who place their dreams of safety in men are compromised, for this fiction repeatedly illustrates that only when women give up such dreams can they begin to form their own identities. Essay Thesaurus Generator? The women who subscribe to the town's patriarchal ideology do so at the cost of limiting their possible identities to that of the tender of a man's home and the nurturer of a man's children. Violence? But even this cost may be insufficient to purchase safety, since any woman who ever threatens the male order of things immediately moves from the set of “not prey” to that of “prey.” The attack on the women, set as it is in July 1976, the month of America's Bicentennial, surely serves to essay thesaurus remind the reader that the land of the free historically depended on those who were not. Although the historical contraction of American freedom lies in slavery, race is not central to the novel.

Race matters, but in an upside down, through-the-looking-glass kind of way. The racially pure black community of Ruby emerges out of the doubled insult of class and colorism. Having migrated from the South to Oklahoma and been denied entry into a community of prosperous, lighter-complexioned African Americans, those who push on to found the town of Haven construct themselves as God's chosen people. After World War II, Haven falls on hard times economically. The sons of Haven's founders move west to form a new town, Ruby, dedicated to the preservation of the same sense of exceptionalism born when their fathers were rejected by the lighter-skinned blacks. Haven and Ruby stand as displaced representations of early American exceptionalism; if the white American male's freedom was enhanced by the presence of the enslaved racial other, as Morrison argues in essay, Playing in the Dark (42-44), something strangely similar occurs in Paradise. For Ruby's men, their exceptionalism and sense of freedom lies in their genetically pure African heritage, unsullied by any drop of essay thesaurus generator white blood.

This need for racial purity, of course, explains why the gre essay help, men pay such careful attention to the morality of their women and why a man must own his woman's sexuality. Although it is not the dominant matter of Paradise, Morrison once again considers the role of artistic production as if to ask what role remains for the artist or writer living in a world with such violent gender and racial politics. Artistic identity—certainly central to Morrison's personal identity—is radically divided in Paradise, figured principally in two very different characters—the orphaned Connie of the Convent and the marginalized Patricia Best of Ruby, two women who specifically attempt to appropriate the power to name and narrate, though in thesaurus generator, very different ways. Patricia analyzes and critiques; Connie becomes a visionary. Connie once again reminds the reader of the family, significance of names. Known through most of the novel as Connie, she becomes spiritually reborn after her encounter with a divine presence, a moment that enables her to essay thesaurus generator reclaim her birth name, Consolata Sosa. With this renewed identity, she becomes the spiritual leader of this community of wounded and abused women. Consolata's spirituality represents a kind of syncretic belief. This belief encompasses, on the one hand, her love for the Reverend Mother (and by extension for independent the tropes and rituals of the Catholic Church) who saved her from essay thesaurus poverty and prostitution in her third-world home.

On the other hand, Consolata's faith finds expression in her miraculous powers to heal the body, a power that precedes the logic of the Christian Word. In this latter regard, Consolata is the latest in a line of fictional descent that may be traced back through such earlier characters as Pilate Dead and Baby Suggs. But Consolata takes their spiritualized healing art to another level. Consolata achieves her transcendent art through her ministering relation to the women of the Convent. In order to initiate the communal healing and to ritualize her invitation to follow her, Consolata prepares a feast for the women and tells them that she will attempt to lead them to essay the encounter with the divine that she experiences.

Outlining the women's naked bodies in the position they select, Consolata address the prone women: My child body, hurt and soil, leaps into the arms of a woman who teach me my body is nothing my spirit everything. I agreed her until I met another. My flesh is so hungry for itself it ate him. When he fell away the woman rescue me from my body again. Twice she saves it. When her body sickens I care for it in generator, every way flesh works.

I hold it in my arms and between my legs. Clean it, rock it, enter it to keep it breath. After she is dead I can not get past that. My bones on rubrics, hers the only good thing. Not spirit. Bones. No different from the man.

My bones on his the only true thing. So I wondering where is the spirit lost in this? It is generator, true, like bones. It is good, like bones. Essays Scientific? One sweet, one bitter. Where is it lost? Here me, listen.

Never break them in two. Never put one over the other. Essay? Eve is Mary's mother. Gre Essay Help? Mary is the daughter of Eve. Rejecting Christianity's mind-body dualism that devalues the body, Consolata articulates her message through a language that rediscovers heretofore unremembered cadences. Essay Thesaurus? (Her dialogue earlier in the novel was conventional spoken English with no articles missing in front of nouns.) Consolata's speech to the women is a newer version of Baby Suggs's religion of the maternal body. Yet this new articulation represents a complicating turn in Morrison's representation of religious thinking. This complication grows out of the fact that one of the ways the flesh works is sexual. In her address, Consolata conflates the daughterly love she feels for Mary Magna, the Mother Superior of the former convent, and the sexual love she had with a married man from Ruby, Deacon Morgan. This affair with Deacon ended when in their lovemaking she bites him and draws blood. Alexander Pope On Man? But in the logic of Consolata's representation, this bodily hunger is simultaneously a spiritual hunger, so that the sexual passion figures the Passion of Christ and essay the Eucharist—“Take, eat, this is my body”—another instance of the syncretic faith Consolata imagines.

Her healing relation to Mary Magna also blurs the sacred and the secular. The biblical references to Eve and Mary are clear, but Consolata is also the fallen Eve who gives life to (indeed almost seems to on the scientific give birth to Mary Magna) by thesaurus generator holding the older woman between her legs. From this moment, the women of the Convent leave traditionally spoken words behind for pope on man a new communion of the body. Morrison describes this practice as their “loud dreaming” (264), a designation that almost seems to thesaurus describe the shakespeare hamlet essay, “language” used by Sethe, Denver, and Beloved to express their desires when they close themselves off within 124 Bluestone Road. But what is represented in Beloved is only described in Paradise : “In loud dreaming, monologue is essay, no different from a shriek; accusations directed to essay analogy the dead and long gone are undone by essay thesaurus murmurs of love” (264). From this language/not language, the women move to a different medium, painting, in order to fill in the empty spaces of their bodily outlines that Consolata had traced. Shakespeare Hamlet? Shaving their heads, the women return the Convent to a site of spiritual searching. In the climactic expression of their multimedia spirituality, Consolata leads the women into a perfumed summer rain for essay thesaurus a cleansing dance on the eve of the men's attack on the Convent:

Consolata started it; the rest were quick to join her. There are great rivers in the world and on their banks and the edges of oceans children thrill to independent water. In places where rain is light the thrill is almost erotic. But those sensations bow to the rapture of holy women dancing in hot sweet rain. They would have laughed, had enchantment not been so deep. In her combination of multiple expressive forms—the very forms, one may recall, denied to Sula—Consolata becomes Morrison's performance artist of the soul. Consolata's spiritualized artistry is even represented as having triumphed over the grave. Visiting their families after their own deaths, the spirits of the essay thesaurus, Convent women continue to enjoy food and essay sex. Walking the earth, they are so many Beloveds, paradoxical embodied spirits. But although Consolata represents the most transcendent embodiment of essay artistic possibility in all of gre essay help Morrison's fiction—one able to overleap even the horizon of essay thesaurus death itself—the flight of the artist is grounded by the presence of another artist figure, Patricia Best, who perhaps more directly figures Morrison's own subject position; Patricia, like Morrison herself, writes the story of Ruby. This character seems to pope on man analogy register Morrison's recognition that Consolata's expressive forms—body painting and the dance—are not her media.

Though she writes of such expression, she still writes. As a writer within the novel, Patricia (known to the community more androgynously as “Pat”) metafictionally represents Morrison in the act of authoring both her best and worst selves. In a sense, Morrison's Best returns us to the anxieties of authorship that Soaphead Church represents in The Bluest Eye. “Patricia” is the sixth section of Paradise, and the widowed schoolteacher serves (except for essay a few brief moments) as the focalizer throughout the chapter. 22 At times, when we have direct access to her writing, she serves as the hamlet, narrator.

The matter in time present of essay generator this section (December 1974) is the preparation for and performance of the essays on the, town's apparently conventional annual Christmas pageant, as well as Pat's ongoing work on a history of Ruby. In the space between these two texts—Patricia's writing and the children's play—emerges her troubled understanding of the thesaurus generator, unconscious sexual politics of Ruby's fetishized blackness. Patricia's history is conceived of essays on the “as a gift to the citizens of Ruby—a collection of family trees; the genealogies of each of the fifteen families” (187). Having completed the family trees, she decides to supplement them with interesting facts about the origin of people's names. At this point, her project, begun in essay generator, innocence, immediately meets a certain resistance when she talks to her fellow townspeople and asks, for research purposes, to see family bibles, letters, and marriage certificates. In the face of this resistance, Pat's interest in her supplemental notes grows. In her text, the logic of the supplement takes over, and the unspeakable of the community's sexual politics becomes spoken. In large part, what is unspeakable is the identity that Pat labels in her charts as “8-rock”; this geological metaphor refers to a pure African genealogy that can be traced back to these families' arrival in gre essay help, America in the eighteenth century. So what began as a gift becomes Pat's attempt to essay read between the lines of the entries in the family bibles, to get at the meaning of the names that have been struck through. As her writing turns from celebration to critical inquiry of the rubrics for esl essays, “town's official story,” Pat believes that she is the only one capable of the task since she has the “keen imagination and the persistence of essay a mind uncomfortable with oral histories” (188). But in business plan, order to fashion her history, she realizes that she cannot rely exclusively on what is officially documented and so must move into the realm of speculation: “she interpreted—freely but, she thought, insightfully because she alone had the required emotional distance” (188).

Her emotional distance derives from her sense of essay thesaurus difference. But it is precisely this emotional distance that we see collapse in her writing because she and her family are so directly impacted by the town's racial and sexual ideology. As her section unfolds, Pat arrives at a clearer understanding of independent business plan her doubled otherness. Given Ruby's color code, her outsider status is primarily a function of her lighter complexion, but this exclusion on the basis of racial identity is thesaurus generator, doubled by her identity as a writer. As Morrison's artist figures—Soaphead Church, Sula, Pilate, Baby Suggs, and pope essay on man analogy the narrator of Jazz —repeatedly suggest, to essay be the artist or writer may necessarily entail one's marginality in the very community that one constitutes through the attempt to interpret and gre essay help represent it. Pat's inquiry turns deeply personal when she includes her own family history in the larger history of the thesaurus, community. All pretense of emotional distance drops out as she addresses her father, Roger Best, yet by turning to what is intensely personal she begins to inscribe the shakespeare, unspeakable things of Ruby. Referring to one of her father's business interests, his work as the town's mortician, she writes, “Daddy, they don't hate us because Mama was your first customer.

They hate us because she looked like a cracker and was bound to essay thesaurus generator have cracker-looking children like me, and although I married Billy Cato, who was an 8-rock like you, like them, I passed the skin on to my daughter, as you and rubrics for esl essays everybody knew I would” (196). Making connections between and among the genealogies, Pat realizes the semi-incestuous nature of her community and that certain unrecorded unions of men and women have occurred outside the sanction of marriage in order to keep the racial bloodline pure. What clearly troubles Pat is the estranged relationship with her daughter, Billie Delia. Mother and daughter have fallen out over Billie's love for two brothers of generator one of the 8-rock families, the Pooles. On The Scientific Revolution? But rather than address this immediately, Pat's manuscript shifts from an address to thesaurus generator her father to rubrics for esl a letter to her dead mother.

Pat believes the town is implicated in her mother's (as well as her stillborn sister's) death during childbirth, interpreting the thesaurus generator, men's slowness to act on on the scientific revolution, the midwives request to get help as a passive-aggressive sign of the men's desire to get rid of those with lighter skins. Putting aside her file on the Best family, Pat picks up a notebook, presumably her journal, and continues her writing. With her focus on essay generator, the trouble with her daughter, Pat's writing becomes confessional. Pharmacy Plan? The previous October, their fight over Billie's relation with the Poole boys turned violent, and Pat nearly killed her daughter with an thesaurus generator, electric iron. Pat writes: “I didn't mean to hit her so hard. I didn't know I had. I just meant to scientific stop her lying mouth telling me she didn't do anything. I saw them. All three of them back behind the generator, Oven and she was in hamlet essay, the middle.

Plus I am the essay thesaurus generator, one who washes sheets around here.” Pat stopped, put down her pen and, covering her eyes with her hand, tried to separate what she had seen from what she feared to see. And what did the sheets have to do with it? Was there blood where there should not have been or no blood where there should have been? Pat's instinctive question of the role that the sheets play points to a crucial metafictional turn. Three pages earlier, the narrator interrupts Pat's address to her dead mother to note: “The words had long ago covered the back of the page, so she was using fresh sheets” (199). Gre Essay Help? The space thus collapses between what the pen inscribes on thesaurus generator, the manuscript sheets and the blood traces (whether they mark phallic penetration or the absence of menstrual blood) on the sheets of the bedding. Essays On The Scientific Revolution? Therefore, the (paper) sheets—which decode the racial blood laws of Ruby—have everything to do with Pat's anger directed toward her daughter. Generator? Interestingly Morrison herself has spoken of rubrics for esl essays her anger in thesaurus generator, relation to this mother-daughter relationship: “Now, I did get angry recently, about business plan this daughter [Billie Delia].

And I hadn't felt that furious about someone who isn't in my personal life” (Jaffrey). This interesting conjunction of the author's and her character's anger reminds us of the doubled role Toni and Pat share: they both are engaged in writing the history of Ruby, a writing that maps the abuses of patriarchal cultural. Unconsciously connecting her textual pleasure (her work on Ruby's history) with what she imagines to thesaurus generator be her daughter's sexual pleasure, Pat begins to realize that she too is implicated in the communal judgment of her daughter as sexually promiscuous, a judgment that turns out to violence be untrue. As was the case with Soaphead Church's writing, Pat's words create simultaneously a communal and a self-critique. The community has seen Billie as sexually precocious since a childhood incident. At age three, when Billie was “too little, still, for everyday underwear” (150), she would ride with one of the men on a horse named Hard Goods, taking pleasure in the firmness of the horse's spine. Thesaurus? One Sunday, when offered the ride, she “pulled down her Sunday panties before raising her arms to gre essay help be lifted” (151). Essay Thesaurus Generator? For this, she received a whipping from on man Pat and a sense of shame.

Despite being relegated to promiscuity by both the community and her mother, Billie has remained a virgin. Patricia's troubled confrontation with genealogy, I think, needs to essay be read against Milkman's triumphant interpretation of his family's genealogy that is coded in the song sung by the children of Shalimar. Like Milkman, who is suddenly able to interpret the essays revolution, hidden meaning of a coded genealogical text—the iterated children's song—Pat finds the final key to decoding the meaning of her genealogies in the annual play that the children perform. Having returned home from the pageant, Pat understands that the multiple Marys and Josephs stand for the founding families of Ruby. Originally the pageant had represented all nine of the founding families, but that number had dropped to eight and finally seven in the most recent production. She realizes that yet another family has been disallowed for violating the community's rigid rule of blood.

Patricia's epiphany, which allows her a full recognition of thesaurus her complicity with the rubrics, community in creating its other (even to the point of making her own daughter an other), leads to a final act that oddly comments on Morrison's own very personal relationship to fire. Overwhelmed by essay her sense that she has decoded the meaning of the family genealogies—that the purity of the all-African blood lines depends on the men's ownership of on man their women's sexuality—she understands the threat posed by the Convent women, who aggressively claim their sexual potential, and Billie Delia and herself, who are light-complexioned. Although the fire that destroyed Morrison's beloved home on the Hudson River was entirely accidental, Patricia's relation to the fire is ambiguous. It appears initially that she is fully conscious of what she is doing, standing in front of a fire that she started in an oil drum out in her garden and methodically dropping file after file into the flames. Generator? Yet her final words point to essays revolution a sense of love's labor lost: “‘Dear God,’ she murmured, ‘Dear, dear God. Generator? I burned the hamlet essay, papers’” (217), words that suggest the destruction is accidental (or at least not fully conscious) and that record her sense of loss. Generator? It is hard not to read Pat's line as Morrison's fictionalized expression of grief over the things she lost in her house fire. Gre Essay Help? Not long after the thesaurus, fire, Morrison says in a piece that appeared in scientific revolution, the New York Times Magazine, “When I think about the fire, I think I may not ever, ever, ever get over it. And it isn't even about the thesaurus generator, things.

It's about the photographs, plants I nurtured for 20 years, about the view of the Hudson River, my children's report cards, my manuscripts” (Dreifus 74). In 1998 Morrison speaks of her initial sense of loss: “And I lost … I write by hand … I was able to on the scientific revolution save some books, but I had all my manuscripts, notes from old books, in thesaurus generator, my bedroom on the second floor, in a little trundle underneath the bed, where there was some storage space. It went up first. Independent Pharmacy? I said to thesaurus generator somebody later, ‘Why did I think that having those things near me was safer than having them in the basement?’” (Jaffrey). Shakespeare Hamlet Essay? 23 These holographic manuscript pages were, as I have argued, the very site and thus the essay generator, visible traces of the emergence of Morrison's class, racial, gendered, and authorial identities. Early in this study I suggested that one might locate the Morrison who wrote The Bluest Eye in essays scientific revolution, the space between Pecola Breedlove and Maureen Peal, because in terms of class origin Morrison was closer to Pecola but in terms of childhood appearance, the author more closely approximated Maureen. I would like to conclude with a different pair—the two author figures of Paradise —because I think they help measure the distance Morrison has traveled in her career to date, and I believe they provide a point of departure for future consideration of this Nobel prize-winning author. Essay Thesaurus? Morrison hopes that her art performs the same healing that the gifts of essays on the scientific Consolata enact but simultaneously fears that her writing, like Pat Best's, may only be able to diagnose the disease of American racialized discourse. Locatable neither exclusively in the realm of spiritual transcendence nor in the throes of authorial doubt, Morrison continues to write her best thing, which since The Bluest Eye has been her identity as an thesaurus generator, African-American woman novelist. Having come to the end of what I wish to pope say about essay how one might discern the reflexive presence of Morrison within her fiction, a presence that suggests that all writing—much like Consolata's body art with the Convent women—serves as a tracing of the self, I am aware that what I have written can only be a harbinger for a project to come, one fashioned by a different critic.

This study will be informed by no fear essay the as yet unwritten authorized biography of Toni Morrison. But despite that valuable authorization, I hope that this future scholar will take whatever new stories become available to her or him and read them not as the revealed truth, but instead as subsequent chapters in the identifying fictions of Toni Morrison. Ashraf H. A. Rushdy has thoroughly laid out the essay generator, historical documents surrounding Margaret Garner, both in for esl essays, the popular press and in abolitionist journals. Rushdy's central assertion, that Morrison has added “a feminist voice” to essay generator “revisionist historiography and contemporary fiction,” is unassailable (568). My thanks to Catherine Gunther Kodat who suggested Morrison's apparent desire to conceal the extent of her knowledge about Margaret Garner. Eileen Bender argues that “ Beloved clearly shows the traces of Stowe as literary “ancestor”—perhaps most visibly in its cast of characters” (134). Essays Scientific? The characters Bender is most interested in thesaurus generator, are Eliza and Sethe. For a different reading of pharmacy intertextual possibility placing the white and black texts against one another, see Moreland's discussion of Beloved and Mark Twain's Huckleberry Finn (37-63). In her review of Beloved, Margaret Atwood, for example, suggestively notes that Sethe's escape “makes the ice-floe scene in Uncle Tom's Cabin look like a stroll around the essay thesaurus, block” (1). Christina Zwarg provides a useful summary of feminist readings of Uncle Tom's Cabin of the last decade.

Her own work examines “the radical nature of rubrics for esl essays Stowe's feminism” through an examination of Stowe's “treatment of fatherhood” (274). Her nuanced reading of the essay thesaurus generator, way the blackface George Washington hanging on the wall of Tom's cabin enters a symbolic economy with Tom's own role as black Christ and with the character of Black Sam as “politician” reveals several gaps in independent pharmacy business, patriarchal authority; however, Zwarg's acknowledgement that, despite these subversions of the father, “Tom and Stowe become subsumed under the hierarchical representations of Christianity and patriarchy” corresponds much more closely to my own sense of Stowe's reinscription of a transcendent patriarchy. As Myra Jehlen puts it quite succinctly, “ Uncle Tom's Cabin seeks to end slavery, not racism or sexism” (398). Jehlen sees a clear limit to Stowe's feminism and poses a particular challenge to those who would assert a matriarchy in essay, the novel. For Jehlen, Rachel Halliday, whose kitchen is the essay, ultimate cite of domesticity and women power, “blesses the restoration of patriarchal power to essay generator the slave [George Harris] whose manhood is inextricably a matter of self-possession and of the independent business plan, possession of others, of his wife and child” (392).

The conflict between the Ohio senator and his wife over whether one should help runaway slaves provides a case in point. John Bird tells Mary: “Your feelings are all quite right, dear, and interesting, and I love you for them; but then, we mustn't suffer our feelings to run away with our judgment. You must consider it's not a matter of essay private feeling; there are great public interests involved […]” (85). John's words divide the world in sharp dichotomies that gender the independent business, public and private spheres: men and the public sphere govern by reason; women and the private sphere are the appropriate site of emotion. Yet a woman's feelings, informed by the bible, may lead reason to a higher truth that emotion has intuited. So when Eliza appears at the Birds' house, the essay generator, senator eventually takes the leading role in assisting her escape.

Mary's reactions to her husband's reversal is telling: Now, little Mrs. Bird was a discreet woman—a woman who never in her life said, “I told you so!” and, on the present occasion, though pretty well aware of the shape her husband's meditations were taking, she very prudently forebode to meddle with them, only shakespeare sat very quietly in her chair, and looked quite ready to hear her liege lord's intentions, when he should think proper to utter them. Although a touch of irony flirts in the narrator's description of Mary's role here, it is generator, impossible to forget that the rubrics for esl essays, word “lord” cannot signify without nodding toward the Lord, the transcendent model for masculine earthly rule. Lori Askeland has explored a similar thesis, arguing that Morrison examines and revises the ideology of thesaurus Uncle Tom's Cabin “in a way that avoids reification of a patriarchal power structure” (787).

The evidence that she uses is quite different, based on the ideology of nineteenth-century domesticity, and she does not take up intertextual possibilities between Uncle Tom and Baby Suggs. Elizabeth House's closely argued case that the young woman who appears at 124 is not the business plan, ghost of Sethe's daughter “but simply a young woman who has herself suffered the horrors of slavery” (17) usefully corrects those who would take ghostliness to essay thesaurus generator be a simple matter in the novel. However, House's argument overnaturalizes a novel that insists upon a realm beyond the natural. At the outset 124 is unquestionably haunted by an authentic ghost and this ghost's disappearance, occasioned by Paul D's arrival, ushers in the arrival of Beloved. For Askeland, Bodwin is “the good-intentioned whiteman who still carries in him the ghosts of the alexander on man analogy, patriarchal institution” (801).

Harryette Mullen has described this scene in terms of Kristeva's chora, a space prior to naming and “associated with the maternal semiotic” that parallels “Morrison's chorus of mothers unnaming the unspeakable desire that precedes language” (263). The limitation of this fictive resolution is essay thesaurus generator, that, while an emotionally satisfying conclusion to the narrative, it does not provide a clear guideline for overturning patriarchal language. The cry of the no fear shakespeare essay, women is before language. Does this mean that there is no language a woman can speak that will not speak her own oppression? The ending of Beloved does not resolve the issue, and we are left with the implication at least that to enter the Symbolic compromisingly positions women much as Sethe is essay thesaurus generator, positioned in relation to a different fluid produced by her laboring body, the ink she makes. This flowing substance is appropriated by essays on the scientific revolution her master, schoolteacher, who writes the “scientific” treatise that authorizes his nephews' the appropriation of thesaurus generator her milk. Still, as Morrison notes, the novel's role is to rubrics stage a problem, not to provide a “recipe” for solving it (“Rootedness” 341). Rubenstein also argues that Henry's patronymic “signals the narrative's deliberate fictionality” (158).

One reason for thinking of the supernatural narrator of Jazz in this fashion comes from the essay thesaurus generator, representation of spirituality in Paradise. In Morrison's most recent novel, Consolata is visited by a god/goddess figure that alternately manifests itself as male and as female. Rubenstein notes that “Morrison explicitly places in the reader's hands the responsibility for constructing the meaning of her text, affirming the imaginative collaboration between narrator and pharmacy business reader” (162). What needs to be underscored, though, is the profoundly sexual figuration of this collaboration. For example, in essay generator, chapter 3 I detail Morrison's repudiation of the lesbian reading of Sula. In chapter 4 I quote more fully her comments regarding her lecture on Absalom, Absalom! Philip Weinstein also uses this passage as a clue to for esl essays Morrison's rewriting of Faulkner (147-48). Morrison's relation to Faulkner may complicate one particular debate about postmodernism.

In particular, I am thinking of the debate between Fredric Jameson and Linda Hutcheon. For Jameson, postmodern narrative is ahistorical (and hence politically dangerous), playing only with pastiched images and aesthetic forms that produce a degraded historicism (see chapter 1 of Postmodernism ); for Hutcheon, as I discuss in thesaurus, my opening chapter, postmodern fiction remains historical, precisely because it problematizes history through parody, and thus retains its potential for cultural critique. Thus, Hutcheon's celebration of the power of postmodern parody to gre essay help produce historical thinking stands in direct opposition to Jameson's despair over postmodernism, which for essay thesaurus him is not an oppositional aesthetic but only the cultural logic of multinational capitalism. Jazz 's pastiche of Faulknerian textuality complicates Jameson's and Hutcheon's positions because Morrison's pastiche may actually perform the cultural work that Hutcheon ascribes to parody. Some readers may object to essays on the scientific revolution my use of the word “rape,” but the dynamics of master and slave make any notion of thesaurus generator consent impossibly problematic. Beloved in pope essay on man, particular seems like an intervention in the critical commentary by African-American writers, such as Ishmael Reed, who were critical of the portrayal of the generator, African-American male in the fiction of pope analogy black women authors such as Alice Walker. Patricia Storace's review of Paradise is excellent on the gender dynamics of the novel. Storace notes that the “women of Ruby […] live in the mansion of freedom, a freedom granted to them, which they do not possess—they are free to live the lives whose purpose and limits are imagined for them by essay thesaurus generator Ruby men […].” When asked by an interviewer about her sense of achievement in Paradise, Morrison somewhat cryptically remarks, “I wanted another kind of confrontation with Patricia, the one who kept the genealogies together” (Jaffrey). In the next paragraph, Morrison devalues the manuscripts (which included seven versions of The Bluest Eye ), saying that they only had value as “an inheritance” for her sons (Jaffrey).

The fact, however, that Morrison chose to focus on them first (rather than the loss of her children's report cards) and gre essay help the halting fashion in which she expresses the loss suggests that the later comments serve as a kind of cover for the deep sense of loss she feels regarding the manuscripts. I. Primary Morrison Material. Beloved. New York: Knopf, 1987. The Bluest Eye. 1970.

New York: Plume, 1994. Jazz. Thesaurus? New York: Knopf, 1992. Paradise. For Esl Essays? New York: Knopf, 1997. Song of essay Solomon. Pharmacy Business Plan? New York: Knopf, 1977. Sula. Thesaurus Generator? New York: Knopf, 1973. Tar Baby. New York: Knopf, 1981.

Criticism and essay Essays. “Faulkner and Women.” Faulkner and essay thesaurus Women. Ed. Doreen Fowler and Ann J. Abadie. Hamlet Essay? Jackson: UP of Mississippi, 1986. 295-302. “The Official Story: Dead Man Golfing.” Birth of a Nation'hood: Gaze, Script, and Spectacle in the O. J. Simpson Case. Essay? Ed. Toni Morrison and Claudia Brodsky Lacour.

New York: Pantheon, 1997. vii-xxviii. Playing in the Dark: Whiteness and the Literary Imagination. Family? Cambridge: Harvard UP, 1992. “Rootedness: The Ancestor as Foundation.” Evans, 339-45. “A Slow Walk of Trees (as Grandmother Would Say) Hopeless (as Grandfather Would Say.” The New York Times Magazine 4 July 1976: 104+. “Unspeakable Things Unspoken: The Afro-American Presence in American Literature.” Michigan Quarterly Review 28 (1989): 1-34. [Chloe Ardellia Wofford]. “Virginia Woolf's and William Faulkner's Treatment of the essay, Alienated.” M.A. thesis. Cornell U, 1955. Scientific Revolution? [Note: Morrison uses the middle name recorded on her birth certificate on the title page of her thesis, but it is spelled “Ardellia” rather than “Ardelia.”] Interviews and thesaurus Profiles. Although MLA style calls for 1) listing interviews by the last name of the figure interviewed and 2) internal citations using a short title, this becomes confusing since so many of Morrison's interviews have identical or similar titles; therefore, I cite interviews by pope essay on man analogy the last name of the essay generator, interviewer. Whenever the interviews have been reprinted in Conversations with Toni Morrison (Jackson: UP of Mississippi, 1994) edited by Danille Taylor-Guthrie, I have cited that volume.

The term “profile” includes any article or review for which Morrison has supplied oral or written comments to the author. Bakerman, Jane. “The Seams Can't Show: An Interview with Toni Morrison.” Taylor-Guthrie, 30-42. Rpt. from essay family violence Black American Literature Forum 12.2 (1978): 56-60. Bigsby, Christopher. “Jazz Queen.” The Independent [London]. 26 April 1992, Sunday Review Page, 28. Online. Nexis. 20 Ap. 1996. Brown, Cecil. “Interview with Toni Morrison.” Massachusetts Review 36 (1995): 455-73.

Charles, Pepsi. Essay Thesaurus? “An Interview with Toni Morrison.” Nimrod 21.2 (1977): 43-51. “Conversation with Alice Childress and Toni Morrison.” Taylor-Guthrie, 3-9. Rpt. from Black Creation Annual 1974-1975. 90-92. DeWitt, Karen. “Song of Solomon.” Washington Post. 30 Sept 1977: C1, C3. Dreifus, Claudia. “Chloe Wofford Talks about gre essay help Toni Morrison.” New York Times Magazine 11 Sept. 1994: 72-75. Gray, Paul. “Paradise Found.” Time 19 Jan.

1998: 62-68. Jaffrey, Zia. Essay? “The Salon Interview.” Salon 2 Feb. 1998. 20 Oct. 1998. Jones, Bessie W. and Audre Vinson. “An Interview with Toni Morrison.” Taylor-Guthrie, 171-187.

Rpt. from The World of Toni Morrison (Debuque: Kendall Hunt, 1985): 127-51. Koenen, Anne. “The One Out of Sequence.” Taylor-Guthrie, 67-83. Rpt. from History and Tradition in Afro-American Culture, ed. Gunther Lenz. (Frankfurt: Campus, 1984): 207-21. LeClair, Thomas. Independent Pharmacy Business? “The Language Must Not Sweat: A Conversation with Toni Morrison.” Conversations with Toni Morrison. Taylor-Guthrie, 119-128. Rpt. from New Republic 21 March 1981: 25-29.

McKay, Nellie. “An Interview with Toni Morrison.” Taylor-Guthrie, 138-55. Rpt. from Contemporary Literature 24 (1983): 413-429. Medwick, Cathleen. Essay Generator? “Toni Morrison.” Vogue April 1981: 288+. Morales, Robert. “Toni Morrison.” The Vibe Q May 1998. 19 Nov. 1998. “Morrison, Toni.” Contemporary Authors. Alexander Essay On Man? Vol. Essay Thesaurus? 29-32.

1972. “Morrison, Toni.” Current Biography Yearbook. 40th ed. 1979. Naylor, Gloria. “A Conversation: Gloria Naylor and Toni Morrison.” Taylor-Guthrie, 188-217. Rpt. from Southern Review 21 (1985): 567-593. Neustadt, Kathy. “The Visits of the Writers Toni Morrison and Eudora Welty.” Taylor-Guthrie, 84-92. Rpt. from independent pharmacy business plan Bryn Mawr Alumnae Bulletin Spring 1980: 2-5. Ruas, Charles. “Toni Morrison.” Taylor-Guthrie 93-118.

Rpt. from Conversations with American Writers (New York: McGraw Hill, 1984): 215-243. Schappell, Elissa. “The Art of Fiction CXXXIV.” The Paris Review 129 (1993): 83-125. Stepto, Robert. “Intimate Things in Place: A Conversation with Toni Morrison.” Taylor-Guthrie, 10-29. Rpt. from Massachusetts Review 18 (1977): 473-489. Strouse, Jean. “Toni Morrison's Black Magic.” Newsweek 30 March 1981: 52-56. Tate, Claudia. “Toni Morrison.” Taylor-Guthrie 156-170. Rpt. from Black Women Writers at Work (New York: Continuum, 1983): 117-131. Watkins, Mel. “Talk with Toni Morrison.” New York Times Book Review 11 Sept. Generator? 1977.

48, 50. Wilson, Judith. “A Conversation with Toni Morrison.” Taylor-Guthrie 129-37. Rpt. from Essence July, 1981: 84-6, 128. II. Secondary Sources. Barthes, Roland. The Pleasure of the Text. Essays? 1973.

Trans. Richard Miller. New York: Hill, 1975. ———. Roland Barthes. 1975. Trans. Essay? Richard Howard. New York: Hill, 1977. Fanon, Franz. Black Skin, White Masks. Trans. Charles Lam Markmann. New York: Grove, 1967. Faulkner, William.

Absalom, Absalom! 1936. New York: Vintage International, 1990. ———. Go Down, Moses. 1942. New York: Vintage International, 1990. ———. Pharmacy? Light in August. Thesaurus Generator? 1932. New York: Vintage International, 1990.

Gates, Henry Lewis, Jr. “ Jazz (1992).” Gates and Appiah, 52-55. ———. On The Revolution? “Preface.” Gates and Appiah ix-xiii. ———. The Signifying Monkey: A Theory of Afro-American Literary Criticism. New York: Oxford UP, 1988. Gates, Henry Lewis, Jr., and essay generator K. A. Appiah, eds.

Toni Morrison: Critical Perspectives Past and Present. New York: Amistad, 1993. Irigaray, Luce. “Volume-Fluidity.” 1974. Business Plan? Speculum of the essay thesaurus generator, Other Woman. Trans. Gillian C. Gill. Ithaca: Cornell UP, 1985. Family? 227-40. Page, Philip. Dangerous Freedom: Fusion and Fragmentation in Toni Morrison's Novels. Jackson: UP of Mississippi, 1995.

Stowe, Harriet Beecher. 1852. New York: Dutton, 1909. SOURCE: Jones, Carolyn M. “ Sula and Beloved : Images of Cain in the Novels of Toni Morrison.” In Understanding Toni Morrison's “Beloved” and “Sula”: Selected Essays and Criticisms of the Works by the Nobel Prize-Winning Author, edited by Solomon O. Iyasere and thesaurus Marla W. Iyasere, pp. Pharmacy Plan? 338-56. Troy, New York: Whitston Publishing Company, 2000.

[ In the following essay, Jones examines the significance of references to the biblical story of Cain and essay Abel in Morrison's Sula and Beloved. Jones argues that Morrison's references to this mythical story suggest a connection between memory, community, and individual identity. Gre Essay Help? ] (The entire section is 7471 words.) Rob Davidson (essay date fall 2001) SOURCE: Davidson, Rob. “Racial Stock and 8-Rocks: Communal Historiography in Toni Morrison's Paradise. ” Twentieth-Century Literature 47, no. 3 (fall 2001): 355-73. [ In the following essay, Davidson examines the role of narrative as a means of constituting community identity in Morrison's Paradise.] There is essay generator, no document of no fear civilization which is not at the same time a document of barbarism. —Walter Benjamin (258) With the publication of Paradise in 1998, Toni Morrison completed a trilogy of historical novels that began with Beloved (1987) and Jazz (1992). Broadly.

(The entire section is 6687 words.) SOURCE: Hove, Thomas B. “Toni Morrison.” In Postmodernism: The Key Figures, edited by Hans Bertens and essay thesaurus Joseph Natoli, pp. 254-60. For Esl Essays? Malden, Mass.: Blackwell, 2002. [ In the following essay, Hove provides an overview of elements of postmodernism in Morrison's fiction. ] Although she regards herself first and foremost as an African-American writer, Toni Morrison's work shares several features with a widespread tendency in postmodern fiction—shared by generator American writers as diverse as Leslie Marmon Silko, Ishmael Reed, and Thomas Pynchon—to confront, question, and alexander essay on man ultimately supplement dominant cultural narratives.

Morrison's fictions repeatedly challenge cultural. (The entire section is 3010 words.) Peter J. Capuano (essay date spring 2003) SOURCE: Capuano, Peter J. “Truth in Timbre: Morrison's Extension of Slave Narrative Song in essay, Beloved. ” African American Review 37, no. 1 (spring 2003): 95-103. [ In the following essay, Capuano examines references to Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave (1845), by Frederick Douglass, in Morrison's Beloved.] His voice was faint. A rustle of leaves.

Then Reb lifted his head and began to croon in a tongue incomprehensible to essays on the scientific me. Another mourner began to sing. Generator? Then another. The sound swelled, expanded, ate space, filled the woods like a splash of wind, blended with the air, turned and touched off, one by essay family violence one, the. (The entire section is 5125 words.) Toni Morrison and Anne-Marie O#039;Connor (interview date 15 October 2003) SOURCE: Morrison, Toni, and Anne-Marie O'Connor. “ Love and the Outlaw Women.” Los Angeles Times (15 October 2003): E1. [ In the following interview, Morrison discusses her career and her novel Love.] Distinguished American novelist Toni Morrison is in her Manhattan apartment, talking about “outlaw women.” Dressed in a flowing black shirt and essay thesaurus pants, with luminous strands of pearls around her neck and pharmacy long, graying braids twisting down her back, Morrison chooses her words carefully, her voice low, soft and forceful. “Outlaw women who don't follow the rules are always interesting to me,” she begins, her eyes thoughtful and expressive. (The entire section is 1412 words.)

Ron Charles (review date 28 October 2003) SOURCE: Charles, Ron. Essay? “Prisoners of essays scientific revolution One Man's Affection.” Christian Science Monitor (28 October 2003): 15. [ In the following review, Charles discusses the essay, interrelationships among the characters in Morrison's Love.] Readers who know Toni Morrison's work only from her surreal classic Beloved will be surprised by the subtlety and humor of her new novel. And those who have held off from Morrison, intimidated perhaps by essay violence her complicated structures, her graphic subject matter, or even her politics (she and O. Essay Thesaurus? J. On Man? are the thesaurus, only ones still looking for that small-gloved killer), should start here with Love. This is the on the, carefully crafted work of a storyteller. (The entire section is essay, 824 words.) Hilary Mantel (review date 8 December 2003) SOURCE: Mantel, Hilary. “Ghost Writer.” New Statesman 132, no. 4667 (8 December 2003): 50-1. [ In the following review, Mantel provides a plot synopsis of Morrison's Love, and offers a favorable assessment of the novel. ] Toni Morrison has said in interviews that readers sometimes ask her: “Why don't you write about white people?” You could come off your ground and on to ours, they suggest; because you are an artist you “transcend” divisions.

They mean to flatter her; yet what they mean is both insulting and absurd. No group has a bigger share in the power of narrative than any other. All Morrison's work exists to remind us of no fear this. The cultural. (The entire section is 1070 words.) Thulani Davis (review date 15 December 2003) SOURCE: Davis, Thulani. “Not Beloved.” Nation 277, no.

20 (15 December 2003): 30-2. [ In the following review, Davis offers a favorable assessment of Morrison's Love.] Toni Morrison's slim new novel, Love, may seem, at first glance, to fit within a group of books one could crudely call Morrison Lite, not requiring any heavy lifting from the reader like her masterpieces, Beloved and Song of Solomon. But the appearance is deceptive. A distillation of essay thesaurus generator many of her earlier themes, notably the theft of girlhood and wars over no fear shakespeare essay, times now gone, Love is essay thesaurus generator, a rich parable about the damaging past as a demagogue ruling the present. And as with a number of. (The entire section is 1724 words.) Deborah E. McDowell (review date December 2003) SOURCE: McDowell, Deborah E. “Philosophy of the Heart.” Women's Review of no fear hamlet Books 21, no.

3 (December 2003): 8-9. [ In the following review, McDowell discusses the theme of love in essay thesaurus, Morrison's Love.] What is pharmacy, this thing called love that cannot stand alone, but depends on modifiers and essay thesaurus generator conjunctions to complete it, to give it heft and meaning? There is essay, “brotherly” love, “platonic” love, “puppy” love, “courtly” love, and of course, that most vexing, confounding, ever-elusive “romantic” love. Love often shows up in common parlance with a partner, as in love and death, love and lust, love and thesaurus generator hate, love and independent business plan war, and essay that reverent, consecrated pairing. (The entire section is 2219 words.) Middleton, David L. Toni Morrison: An Annotated Bibliography. New York: Garland Publishing, Inc., 1987, 186 p. Includes considerable criticism on Morrison's first four novels, as well as other writings, interviews, and anthologies. Mix, Debbie. “Toni Morrison: A Selected Bibliography.” Modern Fiction Studies 39, nos.

3-4 (fall-winter 1993): 795-818. Bibliography covering selected criticism on Morrison's novels. Beaulieu, Elizabeth Ann. “Gendering the essays on the revolution, Genderless: The Case of essay generator Toni Morrison's Beloved. ” Obsidian II 8, no. 1. (The entire section is 1105 words.) Toni Morrison Homework Help Questions.

Cisneros' technique is independent business plan, similar to Morrison's in the sense that both are references to fairy tales, where the main protagonists are women who manage to transcend adversity and misfortune. In. In Toni Morrison's Recitatif, indications of a difference in race and class between the two main characters begin in the shelter where the youngsters meet. That the girls come from different. In the novel The Bluest Eye, Toni Morrison inserts excerpts from an elementary primer- the Dick and Jane primer, which is taught widely in the US schools, in essay thesaurus generator, between the story of Pecola Breedlove. One aspect of gender that is an integral element to this novel is the relationship between Christine and Heed. They begin as friends, children who play together and share a special bond, but when.

Black girls at that time, depending on where they lived in the country, most likely lived in a religious home whether wealth was involved or not. A majority of black families practiced the.

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Ahimsa on thesaurus, Hinduism, Jainism and Zen Budhhism : a Synthesis. Nonviolence, simply known as Ahimsa, is the first and foremost ethical principle of Hinduism. It is gentleness and nonviolence, whether physical, mental or emotional. It is abstaining from causing hurt or harm to all beings. To the Hindu everything is sacred that life is violence, a pilgrimage to liberation from rebirth, and no violence can be carried to the higher reaches of that ascent.

The whole was contained in the part, and the part in the whole. Based on this cognition, they taught a philosophy of thesaurus, non-difference of self or the unity of all being and others, analyses that we are not separated from the world and its manifestation forms nor from the Divine which shines in all things and all peoples or simply we call it the plan, oneness of all being. Thesaurus Generator! From this understanding of oneness arose the alexander on man analogy, philosophical basis for the practice of not harming others and the commitment of all Hindus to it. . Digambaras believe that a woman must be reborn as a man to attain liberation, whereas the Svetambaras believe that women are capable of the essay thesaurus, same spiritual accomplishments as man without having to be reborn. 3. Food for independent pharmacy business plan Omniscient: The Digambaras believe that once a person becomes omniscient, he no longer has the need for food, but the essay, Svetambaras do not agree with that. 4. Tirthankara Mallinatha: The Svetambaras believe that the 19th Tirthankar was a female, but the Digambaras believe it to independent pharmacy business plan, be a man. Although it is unclear as to essay thesaurus, when exactly the split happened, some of the reasons for the split were (a) a dispute over which teaching of Mahavira were the for esl, true ones (b) disagreements on how the generator, teachings were to be interpreted (c) areas of different cultural conditions which led to geographical differences (Religion and faith, N.D.). Changes When Jainism first came about, its’ principles and guidelines were very severe in nature, and those who adhered to them lived a very ascetic life. For some members of the pope essay on man, Jain religion their belief in Ahisma leads them to become either monks or nuns, and thesaurus follow the wandering ascetic lifestyle. “Most Jains today, however, are laity, living worldly lives but seeking to adhere to the principle of JAINISM 9 ahimsa in as many ways as possible.

The laity support the. Words: 2161 - Pages: 9. . Hinduism Paper 1 Hinduism Paper William Anderson Hum 130/Philip Engelman Hinduism Paper 2 Hinduism is not a religion but a set of beliefs and traditions. Hinduism is the third oldest existing religion today. Originated in India, Hindu religions have more then a billion followers with the majority living in family violence, India. Hinduism derives from the ancient Vedic tradition as well as other beliefs created over a period of 4,000 years. The practice of Dharma, which is the Hindu religions ethics and duties, offers equality in theology, spiritual insights and myths. Samsara, Karma and Moksha are other beliefs. Essay Thesaurus! Samsara means the continuing cycle of life, death and rebirth, Karma meaning an action with a cause and gre essay help effect, and Moksha meaning liberation from the cycle of Samsara. Buddhism and Sikhism religions focus on self-improvement which helps attain a personal spiritual experience. Buddhism and Sikhism originated in India and share similarities but are very different religions. (Morales, (n.d).

Hinduism is lacking in thesaurus, a uniting belief system. However, Hinduism is shakespeare hamlet, still practiced today and could stay intact for many years. Fighting off attacks from other religions that have tried to destroy Hinduism. Hinduism followers believe their souls are the true self of every person called the Ataman. The two lifelong goals of the Dharmas are the Grihastha. Words: 802 - Pages: 4. . Hinduism Hinduism is the third largest religion in thesaurus, the world, behind Christianity and Islam. Sanatana means ageless and believes in the ways that have always existed. Hinduism has no single founder of the religion. Hinduism does not have a bible and does not require practicing one main idea.

Hinduism is violence, considered more of a culture than a religion. And, unlike Islam or Christianity, it does not have a single belief system, a central religious organization, did not have a single Prophet/Messianic founder, or a single system of law/morality. Despite this, about essay, 14% of the world’s population consider themselves Hindu, most located on or near the Indian subcontinent. Family! (Religious Tolerance.org, n.d.). It is thesaurus generator, often quite difficult for independent westerners to understand Hinduism, not just because of the number of sects that exist within its areas of predominance, but because it does not need the formulization and generator intellectual overlord that many western religions seem to require. This is why, according to some, Hinduism is seen as a philosophical belief system rather than a religion – but this is likely picking nits since it adheres to most of the formal definitions of “religion.” Because there is no central text, it is sometimes difficult to construct an overview of the context of Hinduism. There is controversy, for instance, as to whether Hinduism is monotheistic or polytheistic – Hindus recognize only one supreme God (Brahman) and that all things constitute an overall unified. Words: 744 - Pages: 3. . Hinduism 1 Hinduism Starla R. Heyward Religions of the World HUM/130 April 29, 2012 Dr. VL Merlini Hinduism 2 When we think of Hinduism, we do not think of a religion. Hinduism is a set of beliefs that revolve around traditions that have been around for a long time.

The Hindu belief is one of the oldest religions in no fear shakespeare essay, the world. There are different sects of thesaurus generator, Hinduism. In addition to that, there are ancient scriptures called the Vedas that are admired by all who practice Hinduism. There are many cultural and shakespeare hamlet essay societal influences surrounding Hinduism. One big societal element is that India is one of the last ancient worlds culture. The actual name is Sanatana Dharma or “Universal Truth or Way.” In the essay generator, Hinduism belief, they have a concept that the ultimate reality called Brahman, (universal soul) and its identification with the essays scientific revolution, individual soul. Each person or creature goes through a birthing that is determined by karma.

Karma is what happens if a person does something bad in their present life, it will come back to haunt them in their present or future life. Thesaurus Generator! I like to refer to it as the law of sowing and reaping. On The! The post-Vedic deals with elaborate myths of popular gods. It is described as undergoing on eternally cycle of preservation, dissolution, and creation. This represents the trinity of Brahma the creator, Vishnu the essay generator, preserver, and shakespeare Shiva the destroyer as the essay, supreme. In Hinduism, the beliefs that hundreds of deities control. Words: 766 - Pages: 4. Comparison of Jainism and Hinduism. . Rubrics For Esl Essays! (Shah). In Hinduism, three of the foundational spiritual beliefs are karma, all life is sacred, and reincarnation. In karma it states that every act we make, and even every thought and every desire we have, shapes our future experience (Oppenheimer). The second belief in essay thesaurus generator, Hinduism is that all life is sacred. Holy animals, such as cows, should not be harmed.

As life is created by God, all life is sacred. In reincarnation, Hindus believe that after death the soul leaves the body and enters a new one. Humans can become animals or some other life form for the opportunity to advance towards its ultimate goal of liberation (Fisher). Lastly, reincarnation in Hinduism has four stages. These stages are: stage of no fear hamlet essay, before marriage, the thesaurus, stage after marriage, the stage during retirement, and the stage of renunciation of worldly affairs. Due to alexander pope analogy, similarities, Jainism was considered Hinduism. Both religions believe in ahimsa, do no harm. The theory of karma is also the same regarding both religions.

They believe that karma is a path of works and action. A different belief between them is that Hinduism was based on sacrifices, whereas Jainism upheld non-violence. Both of these religions do strive to reach “Moksha” or liberation from unending cycles of birth. Jainism talks about the virtue of non-possessions, where Hinduism speaks about the duties of the man in his life. In Hinduism a spiritual practice used is Yoga. It disciplines to essay thesaurus generator, clear the gre essay help, mind and support a state. Words: 932 - Pages: 4. . Essay Thesaurus! JAINISM:- Jainism traditionally known as Jaina dharma,[1] is an pharmacy Indian religion that prescribes a path of non-violence towards all living beings and emphasises spiritual independence and equality between all forms of life. Practitioners believe that non-violence and self-control are the means by which they can obtain liberation. Currently, Jainism is divided into two major sects —Digambara and Svetambara. The word Jainism is derived from a Sanskrit verb Jin which means to conquer.

It refers to a battle with the passions and bodily pleasures that the jaina ascetics undertake. Those who win this battle are termed as Jina (conqueror). The term Jaina is therefore used to refer to laymen and ascetics of this tradition alike. Jainism is one of the oldest religions in the world.[2] Jains traditionally trace their history through a succession of twenty-four propagators of their faith known as tirthankara with Adinatha as the first tirthankara and Mahavira as the last of the current era. For long periods of time Jainism was the state religion of Indian kingdoms and widely adopted in the Indian subcontinent. The religion has been in decline since the 8th century CE due to the growth, and essay thesaurus oppression by alexander pope essay on man, the followers, of Hinduism and Islam.[3][4] LITERATURE:- The tradition talks about a body of scriptures preached by all the tirthankara of Jainism. These scriptures were contained in fourteen parts and were known as Purva. It was memorized and passed on through the ages, but became. Words: 968 - Pages: 4. . Hinduism is the world’s oldest living major religion and thesaurus generator is comprised of around one billion followers, making it the world’s third largest religion behind Christianity and Muslim. It is practiced predominantly in the Indian sub-continent where it originated. What makes Hinduism so different from other major religions is that it has no single founder and is a mixture of rubrics for esl essays, religious, philosophical, and cultural ideas.

Hinduism can be considered more of a way of life than an actual religious belief system as we know it in the West. Hinduism is a complex and diverse religion. There is a huge variety of essay generator, traditions ranging from small groups to large religious movements consisting of millions of followers. Hinduism allows for an unrestricted freedom to alexander essay on man analogy, believe and worship whatever on desires and allows for separation of a distinct set of beliefs. Another factor that makes Hinduism different from other religions is its concept of god or gods. The concept of God completely depends on essay, the individual, one may practice monotheism, polytheism, or even henotheistic. Some may believe that there are millions of gods while others are devoted to a single god but accept the fact that there are other gods.

Although there may be many gods, most Hindus believe there is one supreme creator and that is Brahman. Brahman is an entity believed to inhabit every portion of reality, dimension, and existence throughout the entire world and universe. There are numerous different sects in Hinduism and. Words: 765 - Pages: 4. Ahimsa on Hinduism, Jainism and gre essay help Zen Budhhism : a Synthesis. Thesaurus! . Among some of the world’s greatest religions there exists a wide variety of views, beliefs and pope essay on man doctrines that act in unique support of generator, each system. And while there are many differences amongst these structures, there are often many similarities that can be found as well.

Thus, understanding differences and essays on the revolution similarities of its principles is important. Principles of Hinduism, Jainism, and Zen Buddhism are adopted in a person’s life at different stages of personal development. It enlightens once life and gives some perspectives about the right and ethical way of living. Just like nonviolence- a teaching that started since the time of Christ, were all these teachings have in common. Thesaurus! Nonviolence, simply known as Ahimsa, is the first and foremost ethical principle of Hinduism. It is gentleness and nonviolence, whether physical, mental or emotional.

It is gre essay help, abstaining from causing hurt or harm to essay, all beings. To the Hindu everything is sacred that life is a pilgrimage to liberation from rebirth, and no violence can be carried to the higher reaches of that ascent. The whole was contained in the part, and the part in the whole. Essays Scientific Revolution! Based on essay generator, this cognition, they taught a philosophy of non-difference of self or the unity of all being and others, analyses that we are not separated from the world and its manifestation forms nor from the Divine which shines in no fear shakespeare hamlet essay, all things and all peoples or simply we call it the oneness of all being. From this understanding of oneness arose the philosophical. Words: 335 - Pages: 2. . that those of the higher nature, who have worked so hard to get there, will avoid the lower nature and not allow themselves to be caught up in it again. Hindus believe in the progress of humanity, from an old age into a new age, from darkness into a consciousness of divine light. Nonviolence has long been central to the religious traditions of India—especially Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism.

Religion in thesaurus generator, India has consistently upheld the violence, sanctity of life, whether human, animal or, in the case of the Jains, elemental. There developed early in India an unparalleled concern for harmony among different life forms, and this led to a common ethos based on noninjuriousness and a minimal consumption of natural resources, in other words, to essay generator, compassion and simplicity. If Homo sapiens is to survive his present predicament, he will have to rediscover these two primary ethical virtues. In order to understand the pervasive practice of essay family, nonviolence in Hinduism, one must investigate the meaning of life. Why is life sacred? For India’s ancient thinkers, life is seen as the very stuff of the Divine, an essay thesaurus generator emanation of the Source and part of a cosmic continuum. The nature of this continuum varies in Hindu thought.

Some hold that the business, individual evolves up through life forms, taking more and more advanced incarnations which culminate in human life. Others believe that according to one’s karma and essay samskaras, the process can even be reversed, that is, one can achieve a “lower” birth. Even those. Words: 4974 - Pages: 20. . and support a state of serene, detached awareness. These practices are known as yoga, and they help the no fear, state of essay thesaurus generator, balance, purity wisdom and peacefulness of analogy, mind. Other ways of steadying and essay thesaurus generator elevating the mind is to focus on a visual form, such as a candle flame, the picture of a guru, the hamlet essay, OM symbol, or yantras. Brahmins specified verbal formulas, sacred chants, and sacred action to invoke the breath behind all of existence. During these rituals, priests would create and control elaborate fire sacrifices. The every day like of Hindu is so saturated with spiritually meaningful aspects that spirituality is never far from one's mind.

Hinduism has sixteen rites performed in essay thesaurus, the ancient scriptures to purify and sanctify the person in rubrics, his or her journey through life. These rights include at the time of conception, the braiding of a pregnant mother's hair, birth, name-giving, start of solid foods, starting education, investing boys with a sacred thread, the first time leaving the family house, starting studies of Vedas, marriage, and death. Essay Generator! The goal of the rituals is to consistently elevate the alexander on man, person higher than their basic animal nature. Practicing Hindu seek to place them at the feet of a spiritual teacher, or a guru. Essay! Guru's do not consider themselves teachers, but people are drawn to them because they have achieved spiritual status to which the essays scientific revolution, seekers aspire. Guru's provide encouragement to those individuals seeking enlightenment. Once a guru is essay thesaurus generator, found by a seeker. Words: 782 - Pages: 4. . To a Hindu, achieving moksha, or the release of the gre essay help, soul from the cycle of reincarnation, is perhaps their must ultimate goal. Essay Thesaurus Generator! Once the soul is released, it can finally be free to become one with Brahman. In order to help achieve this freedom, Hindus practice various spiritual disciplines, called yogas. Essays On The! These yogas include Karma, the yoga of duty, Bhakti, the yoga of devotion, Jana, the yoga of wisdom, and essay thesaurus generator Raja, the essay violence, yoga of discipline of the body.

Raja yoga is perhaps the essay thesaurus, most famous, and the practice that most people think of when they hear ‘yoga’. Raja is considered the royal union, and is thought of as the highest path of yoga. The purpose of raja yoga is to achieve enlightenment by getting rid of random oscillations of the hamlet essay, mind. Through various physical and mental exercises, a Hindu hopes to achieve an inner quietness. Raja yoga often starts out with the recitation of the word “om”. Often called “the sound of the universe”, this word helps clear an individual’s mind and ease the oscillations. From there a Hindu can go on to practice Raja yoga.

There are eight limbs of essay generator, Raja, according to the Swamis Sivananda and Vishnudevananda. The first limb, called yamas, is a group of restraints that a Hindu must partake in to achieve inner peace. These include: Ahimsa, or non-violence, Asteya, or abstaining from theft, Satyam, or not lying, Aparaigraha, or not coveting, and Brahmacharya, or moderation (including celibacy). The next arm, as described by the Swamis, contains. Independent Business Plan! Words: 539 - Pages: 3.

Karma in Hinduism, Jainism, and Buddhism. . The Nature of Karma in Hinduism, Jainism, and Buddhism People of all religions partake in traditional ceremonies, have special symbols to represent what they worship, peruse different sacred writings and hold diverse theological beliefs. One tradition that is very common among Hindus, Buddhists and Jains, is the essay thesaurus, law of karma. The religious tradition is defined as the “universal causal law by independent business plan, which good or bad actions determine the future modes of an individual’s existence (Olivelle). This tradition has inimitable meaning in Hinduism, Jainism and Buddhism, with slight differences. Hindus believe that people are reborn into another life after this one and that the law of karma suggests that a person’s mental and physical actions are binding to the cycle of birth and death.

The idea of karma states that actions in one’s present life will determine the condition of the next life. Essay Generator! When people begin their current life, karma accumulates because of their actions. And when they die, they will be reborn into another life, as either a human again or in another form, depending on the quality of the former life. The ultimate goal of gre essay help, Hindus is to generator, attain liberation by escaping what is known as samsara, through a process called moksha (Frisch). In Hinduism, “a man becomes pure through pure deeds, impure through impure deeds (Fisher 77). Like the Hindus, the on the, Jain believe that one’s behaviors and motives entice karma. Essay Generator! A person's karma from past lives determines the quality of present. Words: 617 - Pages: 3. . Hamlet! Hinduism Kelsi Herron HUM 130: History of Religion August 20, 2012 Michael Svoboda Hinduism History Hinduism has no particular creator, faith, or prophet acknowledged by all Hindus as central to the religion and thesaurus no particular holy book is unanimously praised as being the sole text, like how Christians view the Bible. The word Hindu is derived from the term “Sindu,” the traditional name of the gre essay help, Indus River. It was only after the essay thesaurus, 18th century when the term came to refer to the dominant religion of the rubrics for esl essays, Indian people. Essay Generator! Hindus refer to themselves with position to their caste, community, religion and language.

Hindu history is marked by the configuration of vocally communicated precious texts that express all of the central concepts related to what we call Hinduism. Shakespeare Hamlet! The first civilization existed around 3000-1750 BCE called Harrapan. This culture was followed by the “Age of Vedas.” While their origins are still not known, the Vedas can still be examined (Fisher). Essay Thesaurus Generator! The Vedic Age gave way to philosophical review and debate in texts known as Aranyakas (forest treatises) and Upanishads (consisting of teaching from alexander pope on man highly realized spiritual masters). These were composed around the 6th century BCE, a time of intellectual speculation. The oldest of the thesaurus, Vedic scriptures and among the oldest of the world’s existing scriptures is the Rig Veda (Fisher).

The Upanishads are thought to have developed last, around 600 to 400 BCE (Fisher). The word Upanishad “embraces the idea of. Words: 833 - Pages: 4. . dies, the soul is carried on to another life, where everything in the past life has been resolved. Hindus believe there are unseen worlds in which beings exist, and hamlet essay every ritual and personal devotion is in order to essay generator, create a communion with the many Gods. Gre Essay Help! They believe that an enlightened master, also known as a satguru, is needed to become acquainted with the transcendent absolute. In order to achieve transcendent absoluteness, one must have good personal discipline, be a person the conducts themselves very well, be pure, analyze oneself, and surrender to God. Hindus believe that every living thing is sacred and should be cared for with love.

This practice is known as ahimsa, which practices in non-violence through thought and actions. It is important to appreciate and value all life as if it is essay thesaurus, your own. And, in family violence, order to be a practicing Hindu, you must treat yourself with the essay generator, upmost respect. They also believe, very importantly that no one religion practices and teaches the on the scientific revolution, only way to salvation in lieu of any other religion. All religions are generally an accepted following to the light that God provides. Essay Thesaurus! In the Hinduism belief, all religions are deserving of tolerance and gre essay help understanding. In the Hinduism faith, it is not said that one dies, it is said one is liberated. True liberation is to have one's soul be liberated from the essay generator, cycle of births and deaths, or samsara.

There is no described particular way to for esl, reach this liberation. Most importantly, to achieve liberation. Words: 822 - Pages: 4. . | | |that bonding can control and individual. Essay! | | Part 2 Respond to the following questions in scientific revolution, 150 to 200 words: 1. Essay Thesaurus! What do you think is the most important similarity and which is the most important difference? Use specifics to support your answer. The most important similarity I think is karma and reincarnation. Essay! The main principals where accepted by Hinduism. Which meant by doing onto thesaurus, others and acting selfless, the two religions built under one main principal: to accomplish the final goal of life on the highest actuality level.

The most important difference was the creation of the universe. Jains had bitterness of the idea that the universe was created by one creator. They accepted that the universe was created out of natural forces in motion. The Sikhs then believed that the gre essay help, universe was created by one god. The God was perfect individual in the monotheism religion.

2. Consider the following statement: Sallekhana (“holy death”) violates the Jain principle of ahimsa because it is an act of violence against oneself. Using examples from Ch. 5 of your text, what points might a follower of Jainism make to argue against this statement? Ahimsa continues describing by “Merriam-Webster” (2015) at the time that “Hindu and Buddhist doctrine of refraining from harming any living being”. Ahimsa is absolutely a lot more then this, this.

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Focus and essay thesaurus generator Precision: How to Write Essays that Answer the on the scientific revolution, Question. Stephanie Allen read Classics and English at essay thesaurus generator, St Hugh’s College, Oxford, and independent is currently researching a PhD in Early Modern Academic Drama at the University of Fribourg. We’ve all been there. You’ve handed in an essay and essay thesaurus generator you think it’s pretty great: it shows off all your best ideas, and contains points you’re sure no one else will have thought of. You’re not totally convinced that what you’ve written is relevant to the title you were given – but it’s inventive, original and good. Essay Violence. In fact, it might be better than anything that would have responded to the question. But your essay isn’t met with the lavish praise you expected. When it’s tossed back onto your desk, there are huge chunks scored through with red pen, crawling with annotations like little red fire ants: ‘IRRELEVANT’; ‘A bit of a tangent!’; ‘. Essay Thesaurus Generator. ’; and, right next to your best, most impressive killer point: ‘Right… so?’.

The grade your teacher has scrawled at the end is nowhere near what your essay deserves. In fact, it’s pretty average. And the comment at the bottom reads something like, ‘Some good ideas, but you didn’t answer the question!’. If asked a question about Keats, you should write about essays, Keats. If this has ever happened to you (and it has happened to thesaurus generator me, a lot), you’ll know how deeply frustrating it is – and how unfair it can seem.

This might just be me, but the exhausting process of researching, having ideas, planning, writing and re-reading makes me steadily more attached to the ideas I have, and the things I’ve managed to put on the page. Each time I scroll back through what I’ve written, or planned, so far, I become steadily more convinced of rubrics for esl its brilliance. What started off as a scribbled note in the margin, something extra to thesaurus generator think about for esl, or to pop in generator, if it could be made to fit the argument, sometimes comes to plan be backbone of a whole essay – so, when a tutor tells me my inspired paragraph about Ted Hughes’s interpretation of mythology isn’t relevant to essay my essay on Keats, I fail to see why. Or even if I can see why, the thought of taking it out is wrenching. Gre Essay Help. Who cares if it’s a bit off-topic? It should make my essay stand out, if anything! And an examiner would probably be happy not to thesaurus read yet another answer that makes exactly the same points. If you recognise yourself in the above, there are two crucial things to realise. The first is that something has to change: because doing well in high school exam or coursework essays is almost totally dependent on being able to pin down and organise lots of ideas so that an examiner can see that they convincingly answer a question. And it’s a real shame to work hard on gre essay help something, have good ideas, and not get the marks you deserve.

Writing a top essay is essay thesaurus a very particular and actually quite simple challenge. For Esl. It’s not actually that important how original you are, how compelling your writing is, how many ideas you get down, or how beautifully you can express yourself (though of thesaurus generator course, all these things do have their rightful place). What you’re doing, essentially, is using a limited amount of time and knowledge to really answer a question. On The Revolution. It sounds obvious, but a good essay should have the title or question as its focus the whole way through . Thesaurus. It should answer it ten times over – in every single paragraph, with every fact or figure. Treat your reader (whether it’s your class teacher or an external examiner) like a child who can’t do any interpretive work of violence their own; imagine yourself leading them through your essay by the hand, pointing out essay thesaurus that you’ve answered the question here , and essays revolution here , and here. Now, this is all very well, I imagine you objecting, and much easier said than done. Essay Thesaurus. But never fear! Structuring an essay that knocks a question on the head is something you can learn to do in a couple of easy steps. In the next few hundred words, I’m going to share with you what I’ve learned through endless, mindless crossings-out, rewordings, rewritings and rethinkings. I’ve lost count of the gre essay help, number of times I’ve been told to ‘write the question at the top of every new page’- but for some reason, that trick simply doesn’t work for me.

If it doesn’t work for you either, use this three-part process to essay thesaurus allow the question to structure your essay: 1) Work out pope essay on man analogy exactly what you’re being asked. It sounds really obvious, but lots of students have trouble answering questions because they don’t take time to figure out exactly what they’re expected to do – instead, they skim-read and then write the essay they want to write. Sussing out a question is thesaurus a two-part process, and on the scientific revolution the first part is easy. It means looking at essay generator, the directions the question provides as to what sort of essay you’re going to write. I call these ‘command phrases’ and will go into more detail about what they mean below. The second part involves identifying key words and phrases. Use forceful, persuasive language to show how the points you’ve made do answer the question. My main focus so far has been on tangential or irrelevant material – but many students lose marks even though they make great points, because they don’t quite impress how relevant those points are. Again, I’ll talk about how you can do this below.

3) Be brutally honest with yourself about whether a point is relevant before you write it. It doesn’t matter how impressive, original or interesting it is. Shakespeare Hamlet Essay. It doesn’t matter if you’re panicking, and you can’t think of any points that do answer the question. If a point isn’t relevant, don’t bother with it. It’s a waste of essay time, and essays might actually work against you- if you put tangential material in an essay, your reader will struggle to follow the thread of your argument, and thesaurus lose focus on for esl essays your really good points. ‘Macbeth and Banquo meeting the witches on the heath’ by Theodore Chasseriau. Let’s imagine you’re writing an English essay about the essay, role and importance of the three witches in Macbeth . You’re thinking about the pharmacy, different ways in thesaurus generator, which Shakespeare imagines and presents the witches, how they influence the action of the tragedy, and perhaps the family violence, extent to which we’re supposed to believe in them (stay with me – you don’t have to thesaurus generator know a single thing about independent business, Shakespeare or Macbeth to understand this bit!). Generator. Now, you’ll probably have a few good ideas on this topic – and whatever essay you write, you’ll most likely use much of the same material. However, the detail of the phrasing of the question will significantly affect the shakespeare hamlet essay, way you write your essay. Essay Thesaurus. You would draw on similar material to essays on the address the following questions: Discuss Shakespeare’s representation of the thesaurus generator, three witches in Macbeth . How does Shakespeare figure the supernatural in Macbeth ? To what extent are the gre essay help, three witches responsible for Macbeth’s tragic downfall?

Evaluate the generator, importance of the three witches in on man analogy, bringing about Macbeth’s ruin. Are we supposed to believe in the three witches in Macbeth ? “Within Macbeth ’s representation of the witches, there is profound ambiguity about the actual significance and power of their malevolent intervention” (Stephen Greenblatt). Discuss. I’ve organised the examples into essay thesaurus generator three groups, exemplifying the different types of questions you might have to answer in an exam. The first group are pretty open-ended: ‘discuss’- and ‘how’-questions leave you room to scientific revolution set the essay, scope of the essay. Plan. You can decide what the focus should be. Beware, though – this doesn’t mean you don’t need a sturdy structure, or a clear argument, both of essay thesaurus generator which should always be present in an essay. The second group are asking you to evaluate, constructing an argument that decides whether, and how far something is true. Shakespeare Essay. Good examples of hypotheses (which your essay would set out to essay thesaurus prove) for gre essay help, these questions are:

The witches are the most important cause of thesaurus tragic action in Macbeth. The witches are partially, but not entirely responsible for on the, Macbeth’s downfall, alongside Macbeth’s unbridled ambition, and essay that of his wife. We are not supposed to believe the witches: they are a product of essay family violence Macbeth’s psyche, and his downfall is his own doing. The witches’ role in Macbeth’s downfall is essay generator deliberately unclear. Essays On The Scientific. Their claim to reality is shaky – finally, their ambiguity is part of an uncertain tragic universe and the great illusion of the theatre. (N.B. It’s fine to conclude that a question can’t be answered in black and white, certain terms – as long as you have a firm structure, and keep referring back to it throughout the essay). The final question asks you to generator respond to essay family violence a quotation. Students tend to find these sorts of questions the most difficult to thesaurus answer, but once you’ve got the gre essay help, hang of thesaurus them I think the title does most of the work for you – often implicitly providing you with a structure for your essay. The first step is breaking down the quotation into its constituent parts- the different things it says. I use brackets: ( Within Macbeth ’s representation of the witches, ) ( there is profound ambiguity ) about the ( actual significance ) ( and power ) of ( their malevolent intervention ) Examiners have a nasty habit of picking the most bewildering and shakespeare hamlet terrifying-sounding quotations: but once you break them down, they’re often asking for something very simple. Thesaurus. This quotation, for essays scientific, example, is asking exactly the same thing as the other questions.

The trick here is making sure you respond to all the different parts. You want to make sure you discuss the essay thesaurus, following: Do you agree that the status of the witches’ ‘malevolent intervention’ is ambiguous? What is its significance? How powerful is it? James I, the King of England and Scotland at plan, the time Macbeth was written, famously wrote ‘Daemonologie’, which encourages the practice of witch-hunting. Having worked out exactly what the question is asking, write out a plan (which should be very detailed in thesaurus, a coursework essay, but doesn’t have to shakespeare hamlet essay be more than a few lines long in an exam context) of the generator, material you’ll use in each paragraph. Make sure your plan contains a sentence at the end of on the scientific each point about how that point will answer the question.

A point from my plan for one of the topics above might look something like this: To what extent are we supposed to generator believe in the three witches in no fear shakespeare hamlet, Macbeth ? Hypothesis: The witches’ role in Macbeth’s downfall is thesaurus deliberately unclear. Their claim to gre essay help reality is uncertain – finally, they’re part of an essay generator, uncertain tragic universe and the great illusion of the theatre. At the time Shakespeare wrote Macbeth , there were many examples of shakespeare hamlet essay people being burned or drowned as witches There were also people who claimed to be able to exorcise evil demons from people who were ‘possessed’. Catholic Christianity leaves much room for the supernatural to exist This suggests that Shakespeare’s contemporary audience might, more readily than a modern one, have believed that witches were a real phenomenon and essay thesaurus generator did exist. My final sentence (highlighted in red) shows how the material discussed in essay family violence, the paragraph answers the question.

Writing this out at the planning stage, in addition to essay thesaurus clarifying your ideas, is a great test of whether a point is on the scientific revolution relevant: if you struggle to write the sentence, and make the connection to the question and larger argument, you might have gone off-topic. Step Three: Paragraph beginnings and endings. This 16th century English illustration shows a witch feeding her familiars. The final step to thesaurus making sure you pick up all the possible marks for ‘answering the question’ in rubrics for esl essays, an essay is ensuring that you make it explicit how your material does so. This bit relies upon getting the beginnings and endings of paragraphs just right. Essay Thesaurus Generator. To reiterate what I said above, treat your reader like a child: tell them what you’re going to say; tell them how it answers the question; say it, and then tell them how you’ve answered the gre essay help, question. This need not feel clumsy, awkward or repetitive. Essay Thesaurus Generator. The first sentence of each new paragraph or point should, without giving too much of your conclusion away, establish what you’re going to discuss, and gre essay help how it answers the question. The opening sentence from the paragraph I planned above might go something like this: Early modern political and essay generator religious contexts suggest that Shakespeare’s contemporary audience might more readily have believed in gre essay help, witches than his modern readers. The sentence establishes that I’m going to discuss Jacobean religion and witch-burnings, and also what I’m going to use those contexts to essay thesaurus generator show.

I’d then slot in all my facts and examples in the middle of the paragraph. Family Violence. The final sentence (or few sentences) should be strong and decisive, making a clear connection to the question you’ve been asked: Contemporary suspicion that witches did exist, testified to by witch-hunts and exorcisms, is essay crucial to our understanding of the witches in Macbeth. Essays Revolution. To the generator, early modern consciousness, witches were a distinctly real and dangerous possibility – and the witches in the play would have seemed all-the-more potent and terrifying as a result. The best way to get really good at making sure you always ‘answer the family violence, question’ is to write essay plans rather than whole pieces. Set aside a few hours, choose a couple of essay questions from past papers, and for each: Write a hypothesis Write a rough plan of what each paragraph will contain Write out the first and last sentence of each paragraph. You can get your teacher, or a friend, to look through your plans and give you feedback.

If you follow this advice, fingers crossed, next time you hand in an essay, it’ll be free from red-inked comments about irrelevance, and instead showered with praise for generator, the precision with which you handled the topic, and gre essay help how intently you focused on answering the question. It can seem depressing when your perfect question is just a minor tangent from the essay, question you were actually asked, but trust me – high praise and good marks are all found in answering the gre essay help, question in front of you, not the one you would have liked to see. Teachers do choose the questions they set you with some care, after all; chances are the question you were set is the more illuminating and essay rewarding one as well. 40 Responses to essay family “Focus and Precision: How to Write Essays that Answer the Question” August 21, 2014 at 8:22 am, Kristen Webster said: I have been reading your articles on essay thesaurus better essay writing and I am wondering whether you can provide an example of a well written essay please?

August 21, 2014 at 11:59 am, ORA Admin said: We haven’t produced any sample essays ourselves. Gre Essay Help. However, there is a huge amount available online – the Student Room’s sample essays might be a good place to start. We hope this helps. January 20, 2015 at essay thesaurus generator, 1:54 am, kot said: Thank you this was very helpful!

March 18, 2015 at 7:56 am, Kos cahe said: How do you answer a “to what extend” essay question? March 18, 2015 at 12:34 pm, ORA Admin said: A ‘to what extent’ essay question is gre essay help effectively a ‘yes or no’ essay question that’s phrased in a more helpful way. For example: To what extent did his desire for a son influence Henry VIII’s decision to essay thesaurus break from the family violence, Catholic Church? Did his desire for generator, a son influence Henry VIII’s decision to break from the Catholic Church?

You can see that both questions will get a very similar answer, only gre essay help, “to what extent” gives you a hint of what sort of answer is expected – that it played some role, but that there are other causes that need to be considered. In a ‘to what extent’ essay, you should consider a variety of reasons, but in each paragraph return to the reason given in the question. In my Henry VIII example, you might write one paragraph on essay his desire to divorce Catherine of Aragon and marry Anne Boleyn, but connect this back to essay violence his desire for essay, a son, as he believed Anne Boleyn stood a better chance of giving him a son than Catherine of Aragon. In the conclusion, you could then assess whether the reason given in the question is in on the scientific, fact the generator, most important, or if there was a more significant reason that you have identified in the essay. We hope this helps,

November 22, 2015 at 6:14 pm, Sarah said: How do I write an essay with keywords or key points already given in the question? For eg. If the question says to write an essay on some topic and below are some key points or key words. November 23, 2015 at 10:25 am, ORA Admin said: Thank you for your comment. It is difficult to advise you on essay family the specific essay in question, but we do have a large collection of essay thesaurus essay-writing and essay family violence study skills articles on the ORA website that may be of use to you. Hopefully you can find something that can help you in the following articles: March 29, 2016 at 9:47 am, Fay said:

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Pressure Congress to pass laws or prosecute? Solution #1 : Should the government pass laws that protect workers? Should the government pass stricter laws that protect unionization? Solution #2 : How should unions go about encouraging more people to join unions? What about workers who are unable to organize in their workplace? What steps should they take to rubrics for esl essays, organize? Solution #1 : What policies should be enacted that will ease economic problems leading to home foreclosures? Should the thesaurus, federal government enact laws that will protect homeowners, and if so, how? Solution #2 : Should local governments pass laws to protect homeowners against foreclosures? What alternatives are available for local governments to prevent them?

What should they do with homes that are underwater? How should they prevent blight? Solution #3 : Should non-profit groups like Occupy Wall Street help people fight against foreclosures, and if so, how? Problem-Solution Essay Topics – Politics. Perhaps this is pharmacy business, largely because people get distracted by essay thesaurus generator, how challenging the pharmacy, problems are before they can even think about solving them. The key to writing a good problem-solution essay is to generator, think small. In other words, pick a very specific problem (money in politics, for no fear shakespeare hamlet essay instance) that will lead to essay, goals that are clear and viable. When you pick a topic that readers feel confident that they’ll be able to tackle, you’ll write an essay that just might move them to act. Following are four problem-solution essay topics that touch on politics. Solution #1 : What leads to on the scientific, the dependence on essay, money in electoral politics, and what can be done to gre essay help, address the essay, problem?

For instance, what alternatives are available for candidates to scientific revolution, raise funds for elections? Solution #2 : Should the government regulate how much money is spent in campaigns? If not, what alternatives are available that will lead to campaign finance reform? Solution #3 : Should the government pass laws that will define who should or shouldn’t be able to donate campaign dollars? If so, how should such a law be shaped? How should free speech rights be taken into essay thesaurus generator consideration? Solution #4 : Should the constitution be amended to independent pharmacy plan, address the problem? If so, what should be amended and essay thesaurus, how? Solution #1 : Should there be more vigorous laws that protect Americans’ privacy rights from government surveillance? If so, how? Solution #2 : Should Congress be more proactive in pope analogy monitoring the thesaurus, intelligence community?

If so, how should Americans be certain that they are? In what ways should citizens be involved in family the process? Solution #3 : Do Americans have the right to know what the essay thesaurus generator, intelligence community is doing? If so, in what ways can that be done while protecting national security? Solution #1 : Will electoral reform address the gre essay help, problems caused by partisanship? If so, in what ways? Solution #2 : In what ways do American citizens help create partisanship? The media?

How should Americans be better educated about their roles as citizens? Solution #3 : Will media reform help address the problems that cause partisanship, and thesaurus, if so, how? Solution #4 : How should political parties address partisanship? Should third parties be allowed to have their voices heard in the electoral process? If so, how?

15. No Fear Shakespeare! Problem – Voter Disenfranchisement. Solution #1 : Should the federal government pass laws that will protect voter rights? Should the essay thesaurus generator, constitution be amended to for esl, protect voting rights for essay all citizens? Solution #2 : How should state governments prevent partisanship from independent pharmacy plan affecting electoral board policies?

What should the essay thesaurus generator, public do to independent plan, fight against Voter ID laws or other laws that disenfranchise voters? Solution #3 : What steps should be taken to revive people’s faith in the political process? Who should enact these steps? The public? Schools? The media? Politicians?

If so, how? Solution #4 : Should congressional rules, policies or social culture be changed to essay thesaurus, discourage and prevent obstructionism? If so, in what ways? Problem-Solution Topics – Environment. By all measures, the environment is essay, our most precious resource, yet we face many problems in generator trying to protect and essay, preserve it. A problem-solution essay that addresses environmental problems can be compelling and thought-provoking because it will alert readers to the necessity of proposing real solutions that people can enact as individuals or as political groups. Following are five problem-solution essay topics that touch on essay, the environment. Solution #1 : What kinds of laws or policies should the government pass that will address climate change? Solution #2 : Should the government push for more trade policies that will address climate change, and if so, what kind? Solution #3 : Should foreign policy play a role in addressing climate change?

For instance, should the United States work with other major-polluting countries like China, and if so, how? Solution #4 : How should the essay violence, marketplace address the problem? For instance, should corporations pursue fuel alternatives like green technology? If so, how should they be encouraged to do so? Solution #5 : How should grassroots organizers push for a change in policies? Who would be targeted for such a movement?

The U.S. Thesaurus! government? The U.N.? Corporations? Solution #1 : Should the government pass laws that make fracking illegal? Should it promote energy fuel alternatives, such as green technology?

If so, how? Solution #2 : How should companies that use fracking be discouraged from doing so? Should they be subject to civil lawsuits? What about boycotts, civil disobedience, or other grassroots organizing? Solution #3 : What should be done to alexander essay on man, educate the public about fracking? Should the essay thesaurus, news media report on no fear, it more often? If so, how should environmental groups push the media to do so? Solution #1 : Should the government pass laws or policies that provide greater protections for preserving and protecting wildlife? If so, what types of laws? Should it go after corporations that endanger wildlife.

If so, how? Solution #2 : Should corporations take a lead in protecting wildlife? If so, how? Solution #3 : How should environmental groups address endangered wildlife? What are some of the things they can do to push the government and corporations to protect the essay thesaurus, environment? If so, how? 19. Problem – Environmental Pollution. Solution #1 : What should the government do about pollution? How should it be involved in long-term protections? For instance, should the essays revolution, government set aside relief funds or economic restorations for generator affected areas?

Solution #2 : What role should local and state governments play in protecting wildlife from pollution? Should local governments be stricter in regards to environmental studies for local projects, such as the building of for esl essays, chemical plants or factories near wildlife or residential areas? If so, how? Solution #3 : Should governments pass stricter laws that prosecute corporations that pollute? If so, how should the public push for such laws to get passed? 20. Generator! Problem – Environmental Injustice. Solution #1 : Should local governments do more to family violence, protect communities from environmental injustices?

If so, how? If not, what can the public do to thesaurus generator, fight against on the scientific revolution them? Will grassroots organizing help? If so, how? Solution #2 : Should the federal government provide relief for communities affected by environmental injustices? If so, in essay thesaurus generator what way? Should the Justice Department get more involved in business prosecuting corporations or local governments responsible for these injustices? Solution #3 : Should the essay generator, media report more on environmental injustices? What can the public do to pope essay analogy, push the thesaurus, media to no fear hamlet, cover these stories?

How should grassroots organizations get the information out to essay generator, the public? Documentary films? YouTube? Crowdsourcing? Example Problem-Solution Essays – Environment. Hopefully these problem-solution essay topics will make it easier to get started on your paper. If you need any more help, I recommend reading the blog post “One Persuasive Writing Technique You Can’t Write Without” to get that extra boost to your writing style. Also don’t miss Problem-Solution Essay Tips from a Kibin Editor. Good luck and happy essay writing! Psst. 98% of Kibin users report better grades!

Get inspiration from over 500,000 example essays. About the pope essay on man, Author. Cynthia C. is thesaurus generator, a short story writer, blogger, former copy editor, and newly-minted Doctor Who fan. You can find her on Google+

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