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anylitical essays How to develop and write an analytic essay. Print? Argument : Writing an analytic essay requires that you make some sort of vs report writing, argument. Thesis? The core of this argument is called a thesis. It is your claim, succinctly stated in a single sentence. What do budding literary critics such as yourselves argue about? You make a pervasive, persistent case that a certain thing is true about buddhist/christianity contrast essay a piece of literature. This thing should not be readily obvious to the casual reader of the literature in print and bind dublin, question. It is what you draw out of the book or essay, how you interpret it. It is a claim that must be supported by vs report, specific evidence from the dublin, text.

Thesis statement: At least once during the course of writing your essay, isolate what you consider to contrast be your thesis. Is your proposition both arguable and reasonable? If it is obvious (i.e. Mary Rowlandson used the Bible for and bind comfort during her captivity) you don’t have an argument. Argument requires analysis (i.e. taking things apart and explaining them).

One test that may help is essay, asking yourself what the opposite side of your argument would be. A good, complicated thesis (which was proposed by one of your classmates) is that Although Mary Rowlandson says she often used the Bible as a source of comfort during her captivity, a closer reading of her narrative suggests her faith may have been more troubled by her experience than she lets on. One useful structure for writing thesis statements is the although form used above: Although x seems to be true about print this piece of literature, y is in fact more true (or makes our thinking about x more complex). In this form you present both sides of your argument at once and show which side you’re on. Your job in the paper is to contrast essay convince your reader to join you. Dublin? Another way to write an effective thesis statement is to use the form If we look closely at x (e.g. how Bradford defines freedom) we discover y (that ). In order to find something to argue: Look for images or metaphors that the author uses consistently. What other sort of pattern can you identify in the text? How do you interpret this pattern so that your reader will understand the book, essay, poem, speech, etc. better?

What philosophical, moral, ethical, etc. ideas is the author advocating or opposing? What are the consequences of application, accepting the print dublin, author's argument? Explain how the work functions as a piece of rhetoric-- how does the author attempt to convince his or her reader of something? For instance, what widely held beliefs do they use to support their argument? How do they appeal to emotions, logic… Re-examine something that the text or most readers take for granted (that Thoreau’s book Walden represents his attempt to phd thesis polymer escape from and bind dublin, society). Question this major premise and see where it takes you. College Essay? Ask yourself if an author’s literary argument is inconsistent with itself or is in dublin, some way philosophically dangerous, inadequate, unethical, or misleading. Examine how characters are presented in a story.

How do they help the main character to develop? Which characters are trustworthy? Which are not? Why are they presented this way? What counts as evidence: Structure : How the parts of the book or essay follow one another; how the parts are assembled to make a whole? Why does the author start where they start, end where they end? What is the logical progression of thought? How might that progression be intended to phd thesis affect the thesis dublin, reader What effect might this progression of phd thesis polymer nanocomposites, ideas have on a generic reader or on a reader from the dublin, time period in which the work was written? Does the piece move from the general to nanocomposites the specific or vice versa? If you could divide the book/essay into print dublin sections, units of meaning, what would those sections be?

How are they related to dissertation navjivan rastogi each other? Note that chapters, while they form obvious sections can themselves be grouped. Referring to the text : In writing analytic papers that address any kind of literature, it is necessary to refer to the text (the specific words on the page of the book) in order to support your argument. This means that you must quote and thesis print, interpret passages that demonstrate or support your argument. Quotation is usually stronger than paraphrase.

Remember also that your purpose in writing an essay is not merely to paraphrase or summarize (repeat) what the author has said, but to make an argument about how the make their point, or how they have said what they have said. Language : includes the way an author phrases his or her sentences, the key metaphors used (it’s up to you to explain how these metaphors are used, why these metaphors are appropriate, effective, ineffective, or ambiguous). Is the essays, way a sentence is phrased particularly revealing of the author’s meaning? Practical Essay-writing Hints: Please title your paper and make the title apt and enticing--I LOVE a good title. It puts me in dublin, a good mood before I start reading. Be clear about whether you’re writing about a book, an essay (non-fiction, short prose), a story (short fiction) a poem, a novel (book-length fiction), an autobiography, a narrative (as in Captivity Narratives) etc. Walden is a book comprised of chapters. Each of these chapters could also be called an essay. Within these essays, Thoreau sometimes tells stories.

The book itself is not a story, but closer to a narrative, which is non-fiction. Union College Application Essay? Always go through at dublin least two drafts of you paper . Let your paper sit, preferably for 24 hours between drafts sometime during the process of your writing. Eliminate first person pronoun (I) in buddhist/christianity contrast essay, your final draft (it’s OK for rough drafts and may help you write). Print And Bind? If your paragraphs are more a full page or more in length it is more than likely that they are tooooooo long . Probably you have too many ideas in the air at once. Essays? Consider breaking the paragraph in half--into two smaller, but related arguments. Your reader needs a break, needs more structure in order to be able to thesis print follow your meaning. Essays? If several of your paragraphs are exceedingly short (4-5 lines), it is likely that you are not developing your ideas thoroughly enough--that you are writing notes rather than analysis. Short paragraphs are usually used as transitional paragraphs, not as content paragraphs. (Short paragraphs can be used in the rhetorical devise of reversal where you lead your reader down a certain path (to show them one side of the argument, the one you are going to oppose) and then turn away from that argument to state the true argument of your paper.) Employ quotation often.

One quotation per argumentative paragraph is usually necessary. Depending upon thesis print, the length and complexity of the passage or topic you're dealing with, more quotations may be useful to prevent you from dissertation, getting too far away from the text. Your quotations combined with your interpretations are your proof. Be sure that you show your reader how they should interpret these quotations in thesis and bind dublin, order to follow your argument. Dissertation Navjivan? (Almost every quotation should be followed by an interpretation, a deeper reading of thesis print, what is union college, being said and how its being said. This interpretation demonstrates how the quotation supports the claim you're making about it). Pay attention to thesis dublin metaphor, phrasing, tone, alliteration, etc. How is the author saying what they are saying--what does that teach us about the text? Remember to dissertation write directive (sometimes called topic) sentences for your paragraphs . The first sentence of any paragraph should give your reader an idea of thesis and bind, what the paragraph is going to say and how the paragraph will connect to the larger argument. It should have more to do with what you have to dissertation say about the materials than what the author him or herself has said. Transitions between paragraphs : try to thesis print dublin get away from ict gcse, using The next, First of thesis print dublin, all Another thing. Ict Gcse? to connect your paragraphs.

This is the list method of structuring a paper--not an print and bind, integrated, logical approach. A really strong transition makes the logical connection between paragraphs or sections of a paper and gives the reader a sense that you’re building an argument. To make sure you are making a well-connected argument, ask yourself how the last sentence of application essay, each paragraph and print, the first sentence of the next are connected. Each of the sentences within your paragraphs should be related somehow (follow from, refer to, etc.) the one that precedes it, and the one which follows it. This will help the reader follow the flow of vs report, your ideas.

The order of thesis print, your paragraphs should reveal a developing argument. On the most basic level, you should be able to consciously justify the presence and nanocomposites, placement of every word in every sentence, every sentence in every paragraph, every paragraph in every essay . To repeat: in revising your papers after the first draft (which is always, inevitably to some degree confused because you are involved in the process of working your ideas out), you should be highly conscious of what you are doing and why you are doing it.

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My Favorite Movie Essays and Research Papers. Prior to her television success, she also had much success on her radio show My Favorite Husband. The show was a comedy based . on based on the delightful stories of Isobel Scott Rorick's gay, sophisticated Mr. Thesis Print Dublin? amp; Mrs. Cugat, starring Lucille Ball with Richard Denning (Brady 159). Essay Vs Report Writing? The show soon became a hit, thanks to thesis print dublin Ball's humor. Just before Christmas 1948. . . Phd Thesis Nanocomposites? General Foods agreed to sponsor My Favorite Husband to promote Jell-o (Brady, 160) In addition to radio success, Ball was. CBS , Desi Arnaz , Desilu Productions 1204 Words | 4 Pages. was born August 6, 1911 in an average middle class American family. Ball’s ground breaking show “I Love Lucy”, gave insight into a middle class family in the . 1950’s, the only difference was Ball’s costar and thesis and bind husband Desi Arnez was Cuban.

When I picked my topic I thought it would be cool to dig inside of Ball’s personal life with her husband and family but as I discovered she was one of the first women to have her own television show and is looked at as one of the most inspirational women in time for. CBS , Desi Arnaz , Desilu Productions 2318 Words | 6 Pages. wealth and power. Once he was released, the family went to Miami, Florida to find refuge (Arnaz 12). Coursework? In 1940 he went to Hollywood and thesis dublin played a role in the . movie version of the musical Too Many Girls.

It was while they were working on this movie that he and Lucille first met. “I Love Lucy” originated from affluenza, a radio show Lucille did called “ My Favorite Husband.” She did the thesis dublin, show with a man named Richard Denning, and even though Denning was excited to play the essays, part of her husband in thesis dublin the actual television. CBS , Desi Arnaz , Desilu Productions 1997 Words | 5 Pages. 1011 September 27, 2010 My favorite season by far is summer. The coming of summer brings countless days at college essay, the town swimming . whole, end of school, and and bind trips to dissertation navjivan rastogi the beach. Summer time is dublin, a time when our family spends a lot of time together.

It was the ict gcse coursework, season when we set out to accomplish meeting every cheerleader at the beach. Most important of all this meant a time for us to enjoy ourselves. Summer days at the town swimming whole brings back so many things to my mind. It was where I had first. American films , Debut albums , English-language films 506 Words | 2 Pages. ?l` My favorite fruit is Mango. During summer mangoes are available in plenty. But we have to choose them correctly. Nowadays . Thesis And Bind? calcium carbide is resorted in mango ripening. Green mangoes are kept along with calcium carbide in godowns so that they ripen faster within two days. Then they are sold to shopkeepers.

A fruit seller in Besant Nagar pointing a heap of affluenza mangoes stacked separately told that all these mangoes have been ripened using Kallu. He used to charge the thesis print and bind, right price and explain the reason. Autumn , Mangifera , Mango 2713 Words | 8 Pages. Atlantic, Andre Techine's My Favorite Season is surely one of the best films of the summer, if not the contrast, year. After its release in . France, My Favorite Season was unable to acquire an American distributor; however, following the modest art-house success of the director's subsequent effort, Wild Reeds, the door was opened for the movie's U.S. showing. Thesis? For those who enjoy rich, complex character dramas, the arrival of affluenza essays My Favorite Season is a cause for celebration.

My Favorite Season is about relationships. Andre Techine , Catherine Deneuve , Chiara Mastroianni 579 Words | 2 Pages. really on campus unless I have class. As I sat by dublin, the trees on this windy afternoon savoring my Starbucks and black and white cookie, I saw . squirrels chasing each other picking at nuts. The grass was swaying slowly and leaves were falling on the ground lightly.

The air smelled of essay fresh air, wet soil and fast food. All I could think to myself was how much I am anticipating the thesis print and bind dublin, arrival of autumn. My favorite season of the college application, year is fall. Print And Bind? It is the time of year when leaves change color from essays, green to brown. Air pollution , Christmas and holiday season , Earth 762 Words | 2 Pages. Comparison Essay on Different Seasons. wants to go out in the cold or drive anywhere. It also gets dark very early so there’s not much time to be outside. And Bind Dublin? Instead we might sit inside, cuddled up . in a blanket, trying to get warm and navjivan rastogi watch a movie . I find myself not going out as much in the winter time and I can get very bored sitting in my house all night.

If we get snow, it’s always fun to play outside in the snow or go snowmobiling. That’s if you don’t mind freezing and most likely going inside after an hour because you’re so cold. When. Autumn , Emotion , Love 676 Words | 2 Pages. A cool, crisp breeze with just a tinge of and bind warmth brushes my face. The pearl-grey sky and sound of leaves twisting and twirling – I watch as . Union Application Essay? they dance carelessly through the air. My favorite season is autumn because of the many changes and feelings of gratitude it brings, the festivities, and fashion.

One of the main reasons I enjoy autumn is because of the many festivities and activities. Not only print and bind dublin is the weather cooler, especially in essay writing Texas, for outdoor fun but people’s spirits seem brighter. Autumn , Autumn leaf color , Feeling 526 Words | 2 Pages. especially the female ones and thesis and bind even with this they wouldn’t be consider able to do anything else and without even chance to demonstrate her intellectual . prowess again “ “You're the union application essay, smartest one in thesis print and bind dublin my class, Aibileen, she said. And the coursework, only way you're going to stay sharp is to thesis print and write every day. Affluenza Essays? So I start writing my prayers down instead a sayin em. But nobody call me smart since.” Skeeter has a close relationship with the black woman hired to care for print dublin her, Constantine. She's almost six feet tall and. African American , Black people , Education 695 Words | 2 Pages. As a teen, I was not much into ict gcse coursework, movies, which always got my parents concerned. Thesis Print Dublin? My parents were very broadminded; they encouraged . me to see all types of movies, to develop my interest, so that I could “know the real world”, as they believed that cinema was a reflection of our daily lives.

My brother, who was 15, was even more concerned about my disinterest in movies, and took upon phd thesis polymer nanocomposites himself, the pious duty of print introducing me to the realities of life, though in a starker way. He had a huge collection of. Film , The Prodigal Daughter 1599 Words | 4 Pages. Corina Termini. My favorite movie : “The Notebook” Movies give you inspiration to do or change many things in phd thesis nanocomposites . Life. This is a huge benefit on print, watching movies because they often give you something to learn from, you can see probably how a bad decision can change you life forever, how people influence can sometimes be bad for you, how everyone is capable of contrast essay good thing in life, how by working hard you can achieve you goals, etc. Dublin? So, trough movies you can get motivated and look forward in your life. English-language films , Horror film , Love 973 Words | 3 Pages. of living your life and discovering love.

I am a serious movie fanatic. Navjivan Rastogi? I watch movies all the thesis print and bind, time. But, if I had to pick my . favorite one, it would be without a doubt “Love and buddhist/christianity contrast Basketball.” This is due to the fact that I love basketball, it inspires me to keep reaching my goals and print and bind dublin get through challenges in life, and it is a great love story. To begin with, “Love and Basketball” is nanocomposites, my favorite movie because I love basketball. Thesis Print And Bind Dublin? This movie obviously has something to do with basketball if you look. 2007 films , Basketball , College basketball 1650 Words | 4 Pages.

My Favorite Movie In the 1880s, the essays, first silent movie , titled ‘Roundhay Garden Scene’ was . produced by Louis Le Prince in the United Kingdom. Since then, movie making technology had progressed and thesis and bind dublin the methods of storytelling became more interesting. There are a variety of movie genres nowadays, but the essays, genres do not necessarily reflect the true quality of a movie . For example, a person could be entertained and learn more from watching a comedy movie , in which the thesis and bind, values of friendship, honesty. 67th Academy Awards , Morgan Freeman , The Shawshank Redemption 999 Words | 3 Pages. hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh My Favorite Person something good to say about everyone. Micah is a blessing to me and will . always be on the most favorite people. With all his wittiness and essay vs report good looks, he is print and bind, truly. Premium My Favorite Teacher all ways or I may also have misunderstood them. However, the teacher that I chose as deserving of the affluenza, My Favorite Teacher earned this title due to thesis dublin the care he showed. Premium Favorite Place the kids swim.

Alton Brown , Climate , Climate change 525 Words | 3 Pages. My Favorite Website is Rollingstone Rollingstone.com As s fan of music, movies, TV and just about all things pop culture it . was hard for me to choose which was my favorite website. In this day and age, any and all information is just a click away. I chose a website that gives me access to all of these things and more, Rollingstone.com. As I subscriber to the magazine since 1997, I remember getting excited when they day came every 2 weeks or so (depending on the US postal service) when a new Rolling. Elvis Presley , Hunter S. Thompson , Jann Wenner 1322 Words | 3 Pages.

? My Favorite Film If you're like me a person who like action, then the movie Bad Boys 2 would be one of . Ict Gcse? my highly recommended films to thesis print see. Contrast? Actors Will Smith and Martin Lawrence play as two Narcotic Detectives in the big city of Los Angeles. These detectives make they biggest bust when they get involved with this case involving this dangerous crime mob boss. One of the reasons I love this movie so much is because it shows how no matter what our daytime job is we still are sensitive. American film actors , Bad Boys , Bad Boys II 586 Words | 3 Pages.

My Favorite Movie There are thousands of movies in the United States. And Bind Dublin? Many people have several . favorite movies throughout their lifetime. Some people have favorites from each decade. Union College Application? Though many movies have grabbed my attention, my favorite is the eighties movie The Breakfast Club. Thesis Print? I love the main characters, the amazing storyline, and the original ending.

I have watched this movie many times and it never gets old to essay me. The reason I love this movie is dublin, that I can relate many of the dissertation navjivan, characters. The Breakfast Club 540 Words | 2 Pages. My Favorite Movie Many people have a certain movie that is their favorite . . Thesis Print And Bind Dublin? My favorite movie is called Final Fantasy VII: Advent Children.It's a beautiful computer-generated movie that touched the hearts of millions of people. Phd Thesis Polymer Nanocomposites? A sequel to thesis print and bind the original storyline by Squaresoft, Final Fantasy VII, it took the original storyline and added a lot more to the beauty of it. Heartache, passion, and determination are what bring this movie to ict gcse coursework life.

This film is so moving that it even brought me to tears. Aerith Gainsborough , Cloud Strife , Crisis Core: Final Fantasy VII 654 Words | 2 Pages. Twilight: My Favorite Movie We all have our own favorites , such as favorite song, . singer, actor, book, and movies. Some people like to watch comedy, thriller, action, drama, or romantic film. There are millions of movies that have caught my attention. However, I personally like fantasy film. They have impressive special effects and supernatural events which seem exciting. Particularly, I really enjoyed watching the teenage vampire movie . Twilight is dublin, definitely the essays, one of the best movie I have ever. Bella Swan , Edward Cullen , Jacob Black 540 Words | 2 Pages.

Presentation of my favorite movie. ? Today I would like to take this opportunity to share my hobbies with you. First of thesis print and bind all, my first hobby is . Essay Writing? watching movies. I love to and bind watch sci-fi movies when I am free. For example, Star Wars, Walking Dead and dissertation navjivan rastogi Biohazard have been my longtime favorites . I enjoy Star Wars the most. And Bind Dublin? When it comes to nanocomposites having this hobby, I have found many advantages of it. Firstly, watching English movies without subtitles can contribute to my English learning. And Bind? Different words, especially, some specific. Cake , Desserts , Hobby 489 Words | 2 Pages. BUSCOMM 12 My Favorite Movie Avatar, the epic movie by James Cameron, the director behind . Titanic, is union college application essay, a project that has caused pop-culture ripples. James Cameron conceived the idea of Avatar back when he was working on Titanic.

But the thesis, technology was not available then to essay vs report bring his vision to life in the big screen. So instead of making the thesis print and bind dublin, movie with sub-quality effects, he basically threw it in dissertation navjivan rastogi the drawer and it was not until 2005 that he decided to bring his masterpiece to thesis print life. Buddhist/christianity Contrast? In 2005. 3-D film , 82nd Academy Awards , Avatar 479 Words | 2 Pages. My favorite teacher was scary and mean -- but only in the eyes of those who had never been in her classroom. Those of us who were . her students encouraged the rumors and bolstered our reputations for bravery, secure in the knowledge that she would protect and defend us with every ounce of her being, because we were her students.

What kind of teacher inspires such trust? The best kind! The other day a local newspaper columnist, the survivor of an abusive childhood, wrote about and bind a teacher who had. Zero tolerance 706 Words | 3 Pages. April 26, 2013 My Favorite Place Have you ever thought about how the place you live seem to have lack of places to go? Is . it really inconvenient to get to places? And sometimes when you go somewhere, you have to worry about the ict gcse coursework, weather. Where would you go? Whether it's your own home, small town, or a vacation site, everybody has a favorite place. Thesis And Bind? Some people like loud places to have fun, while others like quite and serenity places to buddhist/christianity essay relax. If I had to choose my favorite place, it would be.

Climate , Ferris wheel , Meteorology 920 Words | 3 Pages. My favorite season of the year is thesis and bind, autumn. There are three main reasons why it is my favorite of the . four seasons. During this season nature is an dissertation navjivan absolute wonder to see, Thanksgiving holiday occurs at this time, and the weather is perfect for many outdoor activities. The first reason I enjoy autumn so much, especially down here in the South, is because nature is such an absolute wonder to see during this time of the year. There are many animals that are preparing for the cold winter.

A good way. A Great Way to Care , Autumn , Family 1293 Words | 3 Pages. about my three favorite breeds of print dublin dogs. THESIS: Any dog can make a great pet but my favorites are . chihuahuas, boston terriers and dissertation navjivan rastogi boxers. INTRODUCTION I. Dublin? Attention Material: I have been an animal lover since I was a small child, but dogs are my favorite of all animals. II. Credibility: I have two dogs, a Chihuahua and a Boston Terrier. III. Preview: My favorite three dog breeds are, Chihuahuas, Boston Terriers, and Boxers.

Transition: Lets start by talking about my first favorite dog the. Boston Terrier , Chihuahua , Companion dog 787 Words | 3 Pages. -Here are some guidelines for writing a descriptive essay: Take time to brainstorm If your instructor asks you to contrast essay describe your favorite . food, make sure that you jot down some ideas before you begin describing it. Thesis Print And Bind Dublin? For instance, if you choose pizza, you might start by writing down a few words: sauce, cheese, crust, pepperoni, sausage, spices, hot, melted, etc. Once you have written down some words, you can begin by compiling descriptive lists for each one. Use clear and concise language. . Chicken , Cooking , Fried chicken 848 Words | 4 Pages. ENGLISH COMP.2. Rastogi? ASSIGN 2 | A Description | | A description about thesis my favorite desserts. | | Mrs.

Mirelle Jayawardene | . 3/10/2013 | | My Favorite Desserts Everybody has their favorite games, cars and meals. Dissertation? Also everyone has their desserts and I have mine. All my favorite desserts have one thing in common they all are made with one ingredient that is “Chocolate”. Print And Bind Dublin? Mmm!! Chocolate Desserts!

I honestly believe that chocolate is the ict gcse, closest we can get to heaven as mortals, seriously. Butter , Chocolate , Custard 780 Words | 3 Pages. Today I am here to share one of my favorite place in dublin world. This place is one of miraculous blessing given by mother earth to all . living things. I am so fond of affluenza this place that I see it in my dreams. Kereala, it was celebrated as a 'Paradise Found' - one of the ten in the world. A perfect description for a land renowned as God's Own Country. There is different charm in its backwaters, beaches, Ayurveda health holidays, hill stations, wildlife, festivals, monuments and vibrant art forms, it’s amazing. Asia , Earth , English-language films 1308 Words | 4 Pages. McDonald’s, My Favorite Restaurant McDonald’s is and bind, a fast food restaurant chain and “has over union, 32,000 locations in thesis print dublin more than 100 . countries around the globe” (McDonald’s website). It is one of most popular fast food restaurants in the world, and preferred by a lot of people.

The restaurants are very modern and affluenza essays cozy and thesis and bind always have a place for children to play in. It is also known for their Happy Meals, which contains a hamburger, french fries and the always desired toy. McDonald’s is my favorite fast food. Burger King , Fast food , Fast food restaurant 829 Words | 3 Pages. Stomp the Yard: My favorite Movie There are millions of movies that have caught my attention. To . choose between Drumline and Stomp the Yard were very hard. Phd Thesis Polymer? However, Stomp the Yard is by thesis and bind dublin, far one of the dissertation navjivan rastogi, best captivating and entertaining movie I have ever watched. Print And Bind? This movie is application, about an inner city krump dancer, DJ, who moves to Atlanta, Georgia for a fresh start.

In the movie , DJ role is arrogant, over-confident, and determine to win the heart of April Palmer. The plot of the movie is thesis print dublin, so entertaining. Face , Learning , Love 567 Words | 2 Pages. Movie : Never Back Down The movie Never Back Down is an action/drama sports movie directed by Jeff Wadlow . starring Sean Faris as Jake Tyler a rebellious teenager that often gets in fights especially after his fathers death. Then there is Amber Heard as Baja Miller that are the beautiful girl Jake Tyler falls in love with. Polymer Nanocomposites? And last but not least there is Djimon Hounsou as Jean Roqua that is and bind, a mixed martial arts master and becomes Jake Tyler's trainer. The movie begins at Jake Tyler's last football. American football , Grappling , Martial arts 811 Words | 2 Pages. My Favorite Place Everyone has a special place, a place where people can find happiness, be themselves, and peace.

This special . Coursework? place perhaps is a place where people have a dream to go for a vacation, honeymoon, or relax. A tense of thesis mind in life force people to think about the essay, place that they can truly relax. In many people’s lives, a travel is the and bind dublin, best option for relaxation. Phd Thesis Polymer? Specially, middle class people who live in print and bind the bay area and essay writing be under high pressure of and bind work, perhaps they need to dissertation have a. Dollar , Halong Bay , Pound sterling 1137 Words | 3 Pages.

?Anthony Leon EngWr300 Shapiro March 1, 2015 My favorite childhood place I was separated from my family at a . Dublin? young age. When I was 7 my family and I moved to Vallejo because of ict gcse coursework my father’s job. I was extremely close with my cousins and family that lived in Soledad, a small town close to Salinas. Print And Bind Dublin? So whenever my mom would tell me we were going to dissertation go visit my aunt may I would always be excited. My cousins and I were and still are very close even though we don’t see each other as often as I’d like. Cousin , Debut albums , Family 972 Words | 3 Pages. My Favorite Photo Pine trees are evergreen; they grow tall with the average height of thirty -forty meters. Thesis? Each pine tree has . very unique poses: some grow straight, fall more to affluenza the left or tilt more to the right. One tree has at least seven major braches; moreover, each branch is thesis dublin, covered by the thickness green color of the essays, leaves.

The leaves are very pointy and sharp as needles. The smell of pine gives you the touch of relaxation from nature. Thesis Print And Bind Dublin? Pine trees grow as a group, as if they were a united. Family , Father , Love 1269 Words | 3 Pages. My Favorite Place: The Virgin Islands. ?Rachel Fraser English 1102 Diebert September 12, 2013 My Favorite Place As I walked into the room filled with vivid . colors and sweet smelling perfume, a taste of ict gcse freshness and thesis dublin rejuvenation captured my attention. It was as if the world came to a sudden stop and the closest thing to heaven was this room.

The lights created an application array of scenes that suddenly became blinding. I closed my big brown eyes for a second, and thesis opened them up again. I looked outside at the vibrant sun causing beams of. Blue , Green , Humidity 1245 Words | 3 Pages. Ever since I was a little boy, pizza has always had a special place in my heart. From pizza day in the school cafeteria to pizza parties at . sleep away camp, there was nothing more exciting than when that cardboard box was opened to essays reveal a round pie with eight delicious slices waiting to and bind be devoured. Early on I learned that everybody eats their pizza differently. Dissertation Navjivan Rastogi? There are those who fold their slices in half, those who eat their slices with two hands, and those who (dare I say) like to print and bind dublin cut their. Calzone , Campania , Italian cuisine 2393 Words | 6 Pages. My Favorite Chinese Festival The Mid-autumn is my favorite Chinese festival.

It always falls on the . 15th day of August, but this year is on phd thesis, 29th September. “This wonderful tale is thesis print and bind, a depiction of coursework a Chinese family coming together and thesis print and bind dublin preparing to celebrate the moon with a nighttime picnic that embraces their Chinese customs with glowing lanterns and includes traditional dishes, such as the writing, moon cakes, pomelos, and tea.”(LIN 94) A few days before the and bind dublin, festival, everyone in the family will help to. Chang'e , Chinese calendar , Han Chinese 1052 Words | 3 Pages. ?Tiffany Presley English Composition Dr. Philip Underwood October 21, 2013 My favorite celebrity I’m writing . my essay on is Maya Angelou. Union College Application? The reason why I’ve chosen her as my favorite celebrity is and bind, that she has given us the union college, greatness of thesis poems. Her poem’s to phd thesis me is so remarkable. Print? My favorite poem is affluenza essays, “Still I Rise”. This poem is so influential to me because the poem is so powerful. The thing I am going to discuss about Maya Angelou is her childhood, career beginnings, later successes, and her. African-American Civil Rights Movement , Coretta Scott King , I Know Why the thesis print dublin, Caged Bird Sings 917 Words | 3 Pages. My favorite place, Capurgana.

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43 Resume Tips That Will Help You Get Hired. When you haven’t updated your resume in a while, it can be hard to know where to print and bind dublin start. Affluenza Essays. What experiences and accomplishments should you include for the jobs you’ve got your eye on? What new resume rules and trends should you be following? And seriously, one page or two? Well, search no more: We’ve compiled all the resume advice you need into one place. Read on thesis print and bind for tips and phd thesis polymer nanocomposites, tricks that’ll make sure you craft a winning resume—and help you land a job. Your resume should not have every work experience you’ve ever had listed on thesis print and bind it. Think of polymer, your resume not as a comprehensive list of your career history, but as a marketing document selling you as the perfect person for the job. For each resume you send out, you’ll want to highlight only the accomplishments and skills that are most relevant to thesis and bind the job at hand (even if that means you don’t include all of your experience). Job search expert Lily Zhang explains more about what it means to tailor your resume here . Polymer. 2. But Keep a Master List of All Jobs.

Since you’ll want to be swapping different information in dublin and out depending on navjivan rastogi the job you’re applying to, keep a resume master list on and bind your computer where you keep any information you’ve ever included on a resume: old positions, bullet points tailored for different applications, special projects that only rastogi, sometimes make sense to and bind include. Buddhist/christianity Essay. Then, when you’re crafting each resume, it’s just a matter of and bind, cutting and pasting relevant information together. Think of this as your brag file . Coursework. 3. Put the print and bind, Best Stuff “Above the Fold” In marketing speak, “above the fold” refers to what you see on the front half of a folded newspaper (or, in the digital age, before you scroll down on a website), but basically it’s your first impression of a document. Dissertation. In resume speak, it means you should make sure your best experiences and accomplishments are visible on thesis print the top third of your resume. Union Application Essay. This top section is what the print and bind dublin, hiring manager is going to see first—and what will serve as a hook for someone to keep on reading. So focus on putting your best, most relevant experiences first—and then check out these five other marketing tricks to get your resume noticed . According to Zhang , the only occasion when an objective section makes sense is when you’re making a huge career change and need to explain from the get-go why your experience doesn’t match up with the position you’re applying to. Essay Writing. In every other case? Consider whether a summary statement would be right for you —or just nix it altogether to save space and focus on thesis dublin making the rest of your resume stellar.

There are lots of different ways to organize the information on your resume, but the good old reverse chronological (where your most recent experience is listed first) is still your best bet. Unless it’s absolutely necessary in your situation, skip the skills-based resume—hiring managers might wonder what you’re hiding. Dissertation. The two- (or more!) page resume is a hotly debated topic , but the bottom line is this—you want the information here to be concise, and making yourself keep it to one page is a good way to force yourself to do this. Thesis And Bind Dublin. If you truly have enough relevant and union, important experience, training, and credentials to showcase on more than one page of your resume, then go for thesis print, it. But if you can tell the same story in less space? Do. If you’re struggling, check out these tips for cutting your content down , or work with a designer to see how you can organize your resume to fit more in less space. Coursework. Can’t figure out and bind how to tell your whole story on one page, or want to be able to include some visual examples of your work? Instead of trying to have your resume cover everything, cover the phd thesis nanocomposites, most important details on that document, and then include a link to your personal website , where you can dive more into thesis dublin, what makes you the ideal candidate. We’ll talk about getting creative in order to stand out in vs report a minute.

But the most basic principle of good resume formatting and design? Keep it simple. Use a basic but modern font, like Helvetica, Arial, or Century Gothic. Make your resume easy on hiring managers’ eyes by using a font size between 10 and 12 and leaving a healthy amount of white space on thesis dublin the page. You can use a different font or typeface for essay vs report writing, your name, your resume headers, and thesis print and bind dublin, the companies for which you’ve worked, but keep it simple and writing, keep it consistent. Your main focus here should be on readability for the hiring manager. Print And Bind. That being said, you should feel free to… Really want your resume stand out buddhist/christianity essay from the sea of thesis print dublin, Times New Roman?

Yes, creative resumes—like infographics, videos, or presentations—or resumes with icons or graphics can set you apart, but you should use them thoughtfully. Affluenza Essays. If you’re applying through an ATS, keep to the standard formatting without any bells and whistles so the computer can read it effectively. Dublin. If you’re applying to application a more traditional company, don’t get too crazy, but feel free to print add some tasteful design elements or a little color to make it pop. No matter what, don’t do it unless you’re willing to put in the time, creativity, and design work to make it awesome. 10. Make Your Contact Info Prominent. You don’t need to contrast include your address on your resume anymore (really!), but you do need to make sure to include a phone number and print dublin, professional email address (not your work address!) as well as other places the hiring manager can find you on the web, like your LinkedIn profile and phd thesis nanocomposites, Twitter handle. (Implicit in and bind this is that you keep these social media profiles suitable for prospective employers.) You’ve heard before that hiring managers don’t spend a lot of time on each individual resume. Affluenza Essays. So help them get as much information as possible, in as little time as possible. These 12 small formatting changes will make a huge difference. Thesis. Know that design skills aren’t your strong suit but want your resume to look stunning? There’s no shame in phd thesis nanocomposites getting help, so consider working with a professional resume designer.

This is arguably the most important document of your job search, so it’s worth getting it exactly right! 13. Keep it Recent, Keep it Relevant. As a rule, you should only print and bind, show the essays, most recent 10-15 years of your career history and only include the experience relevant to the positions to which you are applying. And remember to allocate real estate on your resume according to importance. If there’s a choice between including one more college internship or going into more detail about your current role, always choose the latter (unless a previous job was more relevant to the one you’re applying to). 14.

No Relevant Experience? No Worries! Don’t panic if you don’t have any experience that fits the bill. Instead, Zhang explains , focus your resume on your relevant and transferrable skills along with any related side or academic projects, and then make sure to pair it with a strong cover letter telling the narrative of why you’re ideal for the job. Print Dublin. No matter how long you’ve been in a job, or how much you’ve accomplished there, you shouldn’t have more than five or six bullets in a given section. No matter how good your bullets are, the recruiter just isn’t going to get through them. Check out these tips for ict gcse coursework, writing impressive bullet points . You may be tempted to throw in tons of industry jargon so you sound like you know what you’re talking about, but ultimately you want your resume to print be understandable to navjivan the average person. Remember that the and bind dublin, first person who sees your resume might be a recruiter, an nanocomposites assistant, or even a high-level executive—and you want to and bind be sure that it is readable, relevant, and interesting to all of them. Use as many facts, figures, and phd thesis, numbers as you can in print your bullet points. Union College Application. How many people were impacted by your work?

By what percentage did you exceed your goals? By quantifying your accomplishments, you really allow the hiring manager to dublin picture the level of buddhist/christianity essay, work or responsibility you needed to achieve them. Even if you don’t actually work with numbers, here are some secrets to print dublin adding more to your resume . People hire performers, so you want to show that you didn’t just do stuff, but that you got stuff done! As you look at union application, your bullet points, think about print and bind how you can take each statement one step further and add in what the benefit was to your boss or your company. Buddhist/christianity Contrast. By doing this, you clearly communicate not only what you’re capable of, but also the direct benefit the print and bind, employer will receive by hiring you. If you’re not sure how to explain your impact, check out these tips for turning your duties into accomplishments . Describing soft skills on a resume often starts to sound like a list of meaningless buzzwords, fast. But being a “strong leader” or an “effective communicator” are important characteristics you want to get across. Think about ict gcse how you can demonstrate these attributes in your bullet points without actually saying them. Zhang demonstrates here how you can show five different qualities with the same bullet point—try it yourself until you get the result you’re going for!

20. Print Dublin. Don’t Neglect Non-Traditional Work. Polymer. There’s no law that says you can only put full-time or paid work on your resume. So, if you’ve participated in a major volunteer role, worked part-time, were hired as a temporary or contract worker , freelanced, or blogged? Absolutely list these things as their own “jobs” within your career chronology.

If every bullet in your resume starts with “Responsible for,” readers will get bored very quickly. Use our handy list of better verbs to mix it up ! Use keywords in your resume: Scan the job description, see what words are used most often, and make sure you’ve included them in thesis print and bind your bullet points. Ict Gcse Coursework. Not only is this a self-check that you’re targeting your resume to the job, it’ll make sure you get noticed in applicant tracking systems. Print. Stuck on which words to include? Dump the job description into a tool like TagCrowd , which will analyze and polymer nanocomposites, spit out the most used keywords.

What words shouldn’t you include? Detail-oriented, team player, and hard worker—among other vague terms that recruiters say are chronically overused . Thesis Print. We bet there’s a better way to describe how awesome you are. Writing. 24. Experience First, Education Second. Unless you’re a recent graduate, put your education after your experience. Chances are, your last couple of jobs are more important and relevant to thesis print dublin you getting the navjivan, job than where you went to college. 25. Also Keep it Reverse Chronological. Thesis Dublin. Usually, you should lay down your educational background by listing the most recent or advanced degree first, working in reverse chronological order. College. But if older coursework is more specific to the job, list that first to grab the reviewer’s attention.

Don’t list your graduation dates. The reviewer cares more about thesis and bind whether or not you have the degree than when you earned it. Contrast. If you graduated from college with high honors, absolutely make note of it. While you don’t need to list your GPA, don’t be afraid to showcase that summa cum laude status or the fact that you were in the honors college at print and bind dublin, your university. 28. Include Continuing or Online Education. Ict Gcse Coursework. Don’t be afraid to include continuing education, professional development coursework, or online courses in your education section, especially if it feels a little light. Kelli Orrela explains , “Online courses are a more-than-accepted norm nowadays, and your participation in them can actually show your determination and motivation to print and bind get the writing, skills you need for your career.” Be sure to add a section that lists out all the relevant skills you have for a position, including tech skills like HTML and thesis print and bind dublin, Adobe Creative Suite and phd thesis nanocomposites, any industry-related certifications. Just make sure to skip including skills that everyone is print and bind expected to have, like using email or Microsoft Word.

Doing so will actually make you seem less technologically savvy. If you have lots of skills related to a position—say, foreign language, software, and leadership skills—try breaking out one of those sections and listing it on its own. Below your “Skills” section, add another section titled “Language Skills” or “Software Skills,” and detail your experience there. Again—we’re going for skimmability here, folks! Feel free to include an ict gcse “Interests” section on your resume, but only print dublin, add those that are relevant to the job. Are you a guitar player with your eye on a music company? Definitely include it. Buddhist/christianity Contrast. But including your scrapbooking hobby for thesis print dublin, a tech job at a healthcare company? Don’t even think about it.

32. Phd Thesis Nanocomposites. Beware of Interests That Could Be Controversial. Thesis Print. Maybe you help raise money for your church on the reg. Or perhaps you have a penchant for canvassing during political campaigns. Yes, these experiences show a good amount of work ethic—but they could also be discriminated against by someone who disagrees with the cause. Zhang explains here how to weigh the decision of whether to include them or not. Ict Gcse. Do include awards and accolades you’ve received, even if they’re company-specific awards.

Just state what you earned them for, e.g., “Earned Gold Award for having the company’s top sales record four quarters in thesis print dublin a row.” What about personal achievements—like running a marathon—that aren’t totally relevant but show you’re a driven, hard worker? Zhang shares the polymer nanocomposites, proper ways to dublin include them. Gaps and Other Sticky Resume Situations. If you stayed at a (non-temporary) job for only a matter of months, consider eliminating it from your resume. According to The New York Times ’ career coach , leaving a particularly short-lived job or two off your work history shouldn’t hurt, as long as you’re honest about your experience if asked in an interview. If you have gaps of a few months in nanocomposites your work history, don’t list the usual start and end dates for thesis, each position. Use years only (2010-2012), or just the number of years or months you worked at essay, your earlier positions. If you’ve job-hopped frequently, include a reason for leaving next to each position, with a succinct explanation like “company closed,” “layoff due to downsizing,” or “relocated to thesis dublin new city.” By addressing the gaps, you’ll proactively illustrate the reason for your sporadic job movement and make it less of an issue. Phd Thesis Polymer. Re-entering the workforce after a long hiatus? This is the perfect opportunity for print dublin, a summary statement at the top, outlining your best skills and accomplishments.

Then, get into dissertation rastogi, your career chronology, without hesitating to include part-time or volunteer work. See more tips from Jenny Foss for killing it on your comeback resume. Don’t try to creatively fill in gaps on your resume. For example, if you took time out of the workforce to raise kids, don’t list your parenting experience on your resume, a la “adeptly managed the growing pile of laundry” (we’ve seen it). While parenting is as demanding and intense a job as any out there, most corporate decision makers aren’t going to take this section of your resume seriously. 39. Ditch “References Available Upon Request” If a hiring manager is interested in you, he or she will ask you for references—and will assume that you have them.

There’s no need to address the obvious (and doing so might even make you look a little presumptuous!). It should go without saying, but make sure your resume is free and clear of and bind, typos. And don’t rely on spell check and grammar check alone—ask family or friends to take a look at it for you (or get some tips from an editor on how to perfect your own work ). If emailing your resume, make sure to always send a PDF rather than a .doc. Vs Report Writing. That way all of your careful formatting won’t accidentally get messed up when the hiring manager opens it on his or her computer. To make sure it won’t look wonky when you send it off, Google’s head of HR Laszlo Bock suggests, “Look at it in both Google Docs and dublin, Word, and then attach it to an email and open it as a preview.” Ready to save your resume and send it off? Save it as “Jane Smith Resume” instead of “Resume.” It’s one less step the hiring manager has to take. Carve out some time every quarter or so to pull up your resume and make some updates. Have you taken on new responsibilities? Learned new skills? Add them in.

When your resume is updated on a regular basis, you’re ready to pounce when opportunity presents itself. Buddhist/christianity. And, even if you’re not job searching, there are plenty of good reasons to keep this document in tip-top shape. Photo courtesy of Hero Images / Getty Images . Erin Greenawald is a freelance writer, editor, and content strategist who is passionate about print and bind dublin elevating the standard of writing on the web. Erin previously helped build The Muse’s beloved daily publication and led the company’s branded content team. If you’re an individual or company looking for ict gcse coursework, help making your content better—or you just want to go out to tea—get in touch at eringreenawald.com.

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essay sources Essay on Sources: African-American Life in Charlottesville, Virginia, 1890-1920. by Joshua D. Rothman (do not cite without permission of author) (Note to students: This essay was originally written in May 1998 as an effort to describe a semester-long exploration of source materials available on African-American life in Charlottesville and Albemarle County in the early twentieth century. Obviously, it does not discuss every available source, but it is intended to suggest the kinds of information that can be drawn from the thesis and bind dublin, particular sources discussed, to essay vs report, provide some very preliminary suggestions about thesis print what that information tells us, and to suggest directions for a more substantive essay. As you read, consider what kinds of sources you might use for your own projects and what kinds of questions those sources might enable you to investigate). The lives of the African Americans whom Rufus Holsinger photographed in his downtown Charlottesville studio during the first two decades of the twentieth century have remained largely unexamined by historians. Part of the Holsinger Studio project is an effort to describe the contours of black life in Charlottesville that provided the figurative backdrop for the literal ones of Holsinger's studio. Preliminary research suggests that African Americans in ict gcse, Charlottesville lived largely excluded from thesis print and bind dublin white society and white public events, yet did not live in dissertation rastogi, any clearly defined single community of their own. Print And Bind Dublin? Rather, blacks traveled in union college application essay, many overlapping and evolving communities, defined not only by residential boundaries and neighborhoods, but also by political districts, clubs, occupations, and other social and economic organizations, all of thesis dublin which were inextricably linked to black individuals' perceptions of their own class status.

The essay that follows is a discussion of some of the secondary and primary sources available for a study of polymer nanocomposites Charlottesville's multifocal black communities. It is intended to hint at the often fragmentary and subjective nature of available evidence, and and bind, accordingly at both the ict gcse, possibilities for and limitations on a satisfying picture of and bind dublin black Charlottesville in this period. Published secondary materials on union college application essay black life in Charlottesville between 1890 and 1920 are remarkably thin. John Hammond Moore's Albemarle: Jefferson's County, published in thesis print and bind, 1976, is certainly the best historical treatment of Albemarle County over dissertation rastogi its first two-and-a-half centuries. Moore does devote some space in his work to the lives of county African Americans after Reconstruction. There is print and bind dublin, valuable information, for example, on black education and the persistent lagging of black educational facilities and training of teachers behind education for navjivan, white children. Moore also presents a number of interesting tidbits related to print and bind dublin, the social lives of city blacks, and there is also some useful material on union college essay patterns of and bind dublin black residency in the city and on essay class differences within local black communities.1 There is little in Moore's work, however, that is dublin, not readily available in other published sources, especially in the Phelps-Stokes Fellowship Papers, discussed in greater detail below. Generally, Moore chooses in his book to look at very broad changes taking place in Charlottesville from its incorporation as a city in 1888 through 1920. He writes primarily about the modernization of a small Southern city--transportation improvements like paved roads and affluenza, the installation of the trolley car, important technological innovations like the telephone and electricity, the print and bind dublin, growth of the university, and economic changes such as the inception of the tourist industry and the boom in real estate development, as developers bought the remaining large private estates in town, turned them into subidivisions, and sold or rented these smaller lots to new residents.

With specific regard to dissertation navjivan, relations between racial groups, however, Moore's conclusion on life under segregation is thesis, vague and ict gcse coursework, broad nearly to and bind, the point of application banality: White and black lived, for the most part, in separate worlds, usually meeting as servant and master as they had for generations; however, this did not preclude close bonds of dublin personal friendship and interdependence, nor did it prevent the rise of considerable bitterness and even hatred long before segregation laws were effectively challenged. 2. The information available in Moore's book is sparse, but by comparison other useful secondary sources for black life in Charlottesville in the early twentieth century are practically nonexistent. There are a number of application essay pictorial histories of Charlottesville, most notably Cecile Clover and print, F.T. Heblick, Jr.'s Holsinger's Charlottesville, and Fred Heblich and Mary Ann Elwood's Charlottesville and the University of Virginia: A Pictorial History. Neither book discusses African Americans in any significant way. 3 Agness Cross-White's recently published Charlottesville: An African-American Community contains many previously unseen photographs, especially of some of the city's most prominent black families. But Cross-White's work has little text, and phd thesis nanocomposites, her photographs are largely dated after 1930, with most after World War II. 4. In 1981, Richard McKinney published Keeping the Faith, a history of the First Baptist Church on Main Street. There is some relevant detail about important church members from the early twentieth century as well as a very rough sketch of the congregation's leadership in this period.

For the and bind, most part, however, a discussion of the church's import to the black community and its role in community influence between the 1880s and World War I is ict gcse, conspicuously lacking, and the bulk of the print, book's material covers the years after 1914. 5. The Magazine of Albemarle County History has few published articles on black life early this century. Aside from an abridged version of McKinney's work on the Baptist church published in the magazine in 1981, no article has ever been published by the Albemarle County Historical Society that deals exclusively or even primarily with African-American life in Charlottesville between the end of Reconstruction and the onset of the Great Depression. A few articles allude to the presence of polymer nanocomposites African Americans, including Andy Meyers' article on the Charlottesville Woolen Mills strike of 1918, in which the author devotes a paragraph to a discussion of the only black worker at the mills, and an article by Halston Hedges, in thesis and bind dublin, which he remembers treating black patients as a medical student and doctor around the turn of the century. 6 But most articles in the magazine touching on writing this era discuss issues that reflect priorities similar to those of Moore, such as the elaboration of thesis and bind new transportation systems or the politics of Charlottesville's incorporation as a city. 7. Frequently, local newspapers provide the feel for a community that no other primary source yields. But reading the Daily Progress, Charlottesville largest daily newspaper, from 1900 through 1920, one gets essentially no sense that blacks have any significant role in local happenings. Amidst the information on local events such as marriages, church announcements, club and other public meetings, important visitors coming through town, and school reports that peppered the Progress every day, African-American churches, schools, and social lives are noticeably absent. Lest one forget that blacks lived in Albemarle County at all, the Progress never ceased to provide reports about African Americans involved in criminal activities or being the victims of gruesome deaths and other misfortunes.

For white readers of the Daily Progress, blacks served almost exclusively as entertainment and human curiosities, satisfying white desires for lurid stories and real crime. Take, for example, all mentions of African Americans during the ten-day period from January 4 through January 14, 1910. Essay Writing? On January 4, the paper ran a story about a black man on trial for dublin, the murder of a man in Alexandria (whose conviction registered as a story on January 8). On January 5, the paper reported that a black man had escaped the state penitentiary, while January 6 brought the local news of a fire in an old black woman's home. January 7 showed that a black man killed a timekeeper in Pennsylvania in a dispute over wages, and on writing January 8 a negro boy from Kentucky who purportedly admitted to assaulting a white woman hanged for thesis print, his crime. On January 12, attendants at a mental hospital in Philadelphia beat a black man to death after he suddenly became violent. On January 13, the Progress ran the story of the sheriff of vs report Starksville County, Mississippi, who shot eight blacks as they tried to lynch a man accused of murder. Print And Bind? January 14, meanwhile, saw two stories: in one, soldiers in Leavenworth, Kansas threatened to lynch a black man accused of killing a police officer, while the other reported the mysterious case of a Long Island black woman who was supposedly turning white.

8. Editorials published by the Progress, on buddhist/christianity the rare occasions they discussed African Americans at all, reflected the racism of the white South in the early twentieth century, and focus primarily on the need to keep blacks away from equality in public facilities and, especially in print and bind dublin, 1900 as the debate over essays a new state constitution heated up, out of electoral politics. A January 1900 editorial on black education, for example, justified steering blacks toward industrial training: Even were the negro as capable as the white man of receiving a wholly literary and intellectual training, under existing conditions he would find it impossible to make as good use of such an print, education as the white man does, because an equal number of channels are not opened to application essay, him. It, therefore, profits him more to thesis print dublin, secure manual training along with his intellectual course for the reason that he can turn it to practical account more quickly and with larger enumeration. Application Essay? 9.

Similarly, in and bind, an editorial from later that year the Progress warned Democrats that local black Republicans were being thoroughly drilled in the manner of securing correct marking upon their tickets, and printed instructions to buddhist/christianity, all Republican voters are being furnished with that end in view. . Thesis Print And Bind? . . The chairmen of the various precinct committees should be urged to take steps at once to prevent any Democrat in the county losing his vote on account of college essay a failure to thesis print, be properly registered. It is too important a matter to be left to essay vs report writing, chance. Thesis Print And Bind? 10. Occasionally, the Progress ran reports of local political meetings of African Americans (other than their routine tabloid-esque coverage of African-American crime and punishment, black participation in politics easily aroused the contrast essay, most attention from the Progress, as discussed below) or chose to praise a respectable black citizen upon his or her death. For the most part, however, the newspaper perpetuated a highly skewed and selective portrait of black life in thesis and bind dublin, the early twentieth century--that there were a few blacks worthy of trust and respect, but that for the most part blacks were unintelligent, poor, full of vice and irrational passions, and subject to criminal tendencies. In short, blacks were only phd thesis, marginally worthy of thesis print and bind dublin freedom. Drawing useful information from the Progress is possible, especially with regard to politics, if only to get a sense of the union essay, flow of information available to white newspaper readers and thesis print, of the union college essay, context of white racism in which black Charlottesvillians lived. Print And Bind? But relying on writing the Progress to get any feeling for thesis and bind dublin, the daily lives of county blacks would be preposterous.

Unfortunately, a source that may have had the buddhist/christianity contrast, greatest potential to give us that sense of daily life no longer exists. Print? The Charlottesville Messenger was published in the 1910s and early 1920s by and for African Americans. The paper surely provided a much-needed antidote to the invisibility of and the slander against blacks provided by the Progress, and application essay, it probably ran the thesis print and bind dublin, stories about black social life and the announcements of church and club meetings that the dissertation navjivan, Progress had no concern for including. Perhaps its editors were bold enough to challenge publicly and in writing the pleas of local whites to thesis and bind, exclude blacks from the political sphere and to contain the economic advancement of blacks by limiting them to phd thesis nanocomposites, industrial education. But there are no known extant copies of the Messenger, nor any way of knowing for certain its content or its readership. A search of the archival resources of thesis and bind dublin Alderman Library at the University of Virginia, however, begins to yield some substantive information on the lives of African Americans in Charlottesville. 11 Potentially most valuable is the recent discovery of dissertation navjivan rastogi thirty-six issues of the Reflector , a black weekly newspaper published from at least 1933 to 1935. Consciously designed to bring news to the African-American community that the Progress ignored, the Reflector published black church and school news, letters to the editor, reports of club meetings, and editorials protesting the thesis and bind, conditions for black Americans in dissertation navjivan, Charlottesville and elsewhere.

Though published after 1920, the Reflector is print and bind, a treasure trove of information on black life in Charlottesville during the union college application essay, Jim Crow era. Most of the useful materials in Alderman Library relate to the electoral political activities of black men, and yield some insight into the importance of political clubs to male members of the black community. The Charlottesville Republican Party Papers, for example, while a small collection, contain a list of black voters by ward for dublin, 1900. Comprising a few hundred names, the list was compiled at the McKinley and Roosevelt Club Headquarters and, when cross-referenced with other primary sources such as the census or the Charlottesville city directories, may help tell us the class, occupational, and residential status of the dissertation rastogi, black voting population just before legal and constitutional strategies aimed at disfranchisement eliminated most blacks from the polls. 12. Of even greater interest and thesis print dublin, value are the Cox-McPherson Papers. This collection holds the papers of Leroy Wesley Cox (1845-1938), a white carriage and wagon maker in Charlottesville and writing, the chairman of the local Republican Party from 1901-1922. Some of Cox's papers are simply lists of black and white voters.

Many of these lists are partial, undated, or of unclear purpose, making the use of them in any systematic way--for example, to compile full rosters of political club memberships--impossible. Still, those Cox-McPherson lists with dates attached, even without being sure of their completeness, are in some ways of thesis and bind dublin greater analytical value than the Republican Party Papers, for they seem partially to union essay, describe the changing circumstances under which African Americans participated in electoral politics in Charlottesville in the early twentieth century and the struggle of black voters against disfranchisement. In 1896, for thesis, example, Republican canvassers simply noted names and addresses of essay vs report black voters. By 1908, however, addresses ceased to and bind, be as important as noting when voters paid their poll taxes during the previous three years, without which exercise of the franchise would be impossible by the end of the first decade of the twentieth century. Contrast? The undefined purpose of many of the lists of names makes absolute numbers of thesis dublin black voters during each year very difficult to ascertain from affluenza these documents alone, but a 1907 article from the Daily Progress gives some sense of the numbers involved, and indicates the and bind, extent to which the African-American vote fluctuated as disfranchisement policies tightened their grip on political life after 1900. On May 22, 1907, the Progress reported a more than twofold increase of the black vote in Charlotteville from the previous year. Still, just 135 African Americans were able to qualify to vote in 1907, rising from a paltry 58 black voters the previous year. 77 black men had voted in 1902.

13. Other lists held in the Cox-McPherson collection are of affluenza essays local Republican committee members, which suggest that a sort of interracial Republicanism operated in Charlottesville, at print dublin least on the club and affluenza essays, ward levels, into the early twentieth century. Print And Bind? 14 But the few pieces political correspondence in the Cox-McPherson papers suggests that black participation in affluenza, the Republican party was always problematic for Charlottesville's white Republicans who wished to extend the thesis, party's base outside of its black base of support. In a letter to Ivy resident J. Snowden Wood in 1896, for example, J.H. Rives at phd thesis polymer nanocomposites the University of Virginia pointed to thesis print and bind dublin, a potential Republican crisis, writing that when I went down the ict gcse coursework, street this morning I was told that certain colored men had been canvassing the city and thesis dublin, urging the election of a colored man to affluenza, the position of City Chairman and dublin, a committee composed entirely of colored men. Anxious to put the affluenza, rumored movement to a quick halt, Rives urged Wood to unite publicly with him and other Republicans to put down this dangerous movement which has always injured the print dublin, Republican party and inured to the benefit of the Democratic party. White Republicans in the 1890s wanted black votes but they did not want whites to vs report, realize that they cast their lot with black voters if they voted Republican, to the point that men like Rives were willing to disavow black support publicly even as they cultivated it behind closed doors. 15. There were whites who veered away from the duplicity of men like Rives and seem to have accepted black participation in party affairs. Thesis Print And Bind? In 1900, for example, J. Augustus Michie wrote to Leroy Cox, insisting that Wood and Rives do not have their way in organizing the county convention being held later that year.

Michie instead provided his own lists of white and black men he believed should represent the various county districts. 16 But however many white men supported black participation in Republican politics, the political climate in the Jim Crow South was such that most Republicans shied away from acknowledging their association with the buddhist/christianity essay, remaining black Republican voters in the region. By 1920, white Albemarle county Republicans were taking out full-page advertisements in the Daily Progress telling voters that local Democrats were engaging in print and bind, political trickery by appointing black judges of election in certain voting wards and calling them Republicans. But this fake 'race' issue should not dissuade whites from voting for rastogi, the GOP, for the Republicans, the county committee implicitly assured the thesis print and bind dublin, voters, were safely white. 17. For their part, black Republicans--who surely possessed complete awareness of this uneasy and ict gcse coursework, unstable interracial political alliance--refused into the 1920s to thesis dublin, be shunted off the college, voting rolls and out of leadership positions in their own party. One party worker in Lindsays Precinct in Albemarle County reported in dublin, 1896 that although getting them together was difficult, black voters there were excited to get their badges signifying membership in the local McKinley and Hobart Club, and were very anxious to hear good speaking and by union the way every thing appears we could I think have a right good meeting. 18 In 1900, the Virginia Conference of Colored Men met in Charlottesville and collectively they signed a petition that blacks not be disfranchised. 19 Voter registration drives for black Republicans continued well after disfranchisement. Black women involved themselves in thesis, electoral politics as well.

Mrs. A.M. Curtis, for example, the Colored Representative of the Women's Republican Association, signed her name to a Republican broadside encouraging black men to stand up for ict gcse, the Republican party despite Democratic trickery. Our enemies now in the disguise of friends, Mrs. Curtis claimed, now pretend friendship, but the Republican party has proved its friendship. 20 Men like George P. Inge, Charles Coles, Jr., J.G. Shelton, and thesis, W. E. Union College Essay? Jackson, Jr., remained active in the party until at print dublin least 1922, when Charlottesville Republicans elected them as delegates to the state congressional convention.

But by 1922 what remained of the Republican party in Virginia had cast its lot with white supremacy. At the dissertation rastogi, state convention in Luray, the black members of the Charlottesville delegation were denied seats. 21. Though the Cox-McPherson papers yield only snapshots of political life for black ctiizens, few other collections in Alderman Library yield evidence nearly as rich. The Dillard Family Papers hold materials related to the life and work of James H. Dillard, a central figure in black educational efforts until his death in 1940. Much of the collection, however, deals with Dillard's involvement with the Jeannes Fund and the John F. Slater Fund, and in neither case do the materials held in the Dillard Papers have anything to do with African-American life in print and bind, Charlottesville. 22 Charles Louis Knight, a sociological researcher, collected statistics on black housing in the mid-1920s in a number of cities, including Charlottesville. But while he left his data sheets to the University of Virginia archives, they have no information written on them other than that they represent homes in Charlottesville.

The lack of any identifying features such as the name of a home's residents, the address, or even what neighborhood it lies in renders the data sheets essentially useless. 23. One might expect that the essay, Barringer Family Papers would hold useful evidence. The papers mostly relate to the life and career of Paul B. Barringer. Barringer (1857-1941), professor of print and bind medicine and chair of the faculty at the University of Virginia, a founder of the University Hospital, and President of Virginia Tech, also maintained a deep interest in what was commonly referred to in the buddhist/christianity contrast essay, early twentieth century as the negro problem or the race question. He thought, wrote, and corresponded much on racial issues over dublin the course of his life, but the essay, content of those thoughts and thesis print, writings are profoundly disturbing. Dissertation? Barringer seems a man obsessed with the quest for thesis and bind, Anglo-Saxon racial purity, the Lost Cause, and finding a new theory of natural history to explain the evolution of human cultures. The products of these fascinations amount to a collection of bizarre white supremacist materials. In a speech on medical topics, for example, Barringer argued that an interracial sexual union was an assault upon nature, a criminal violation of natural law. Writing? In a draft of an essay entitled Why Your Father's Fought? A Warning, Barringer tackles American history and ridicules the equalitarianism of the radical abolitionists of the thesis and bind, antebellum period, arguing that the call to recognize the brotherhood of man postulates an equality of men which does not exist.

Matters of policy may shift red, yellow, or brown, but even the African, in his heart, knows that he and white men are antipodes. 24. Especially concerned with black crime and interracial sex, Barringer's pretense to affluenza, use his medical expertise as a foray into racial theory is in keeping with notions of thesis print dublin race in the early twentieth century that continued to postulate innate biological differences between racial groups of people, but they are nonetheless somewhat frightening to the modern reader. Barringer may have been best known for a speech delivered in 1900 at navjivan a conference in Montgomery, Alabama, in thesis print and bind dublin, which he postulated that the black race was doomed to extinction because of high infant mortality rates and disease. The end of slavery, Barringer suggested, had severed the bonds between blacks and whites that had led masters to be responsible for their slaves. The price paid for such a separation was high--The Sacrifice of a Race.

25 While the Barringer Papers prove to be jaw-dropping if not always stimulating reading, Barringer rarely wrote anything specifically about blacks in navjivan, Albemarle County. While his writings do give some hint of the kinds of racial antipathy felt by some local whites, it is thesis and bind, difficult to make use of Barringer's abstract and broad racial theorizing for any conclusions on the specifics of life in Charlottesville. The papers of the presidents of the University of Virginia contain little about blacks in Charlottesville specifically as well, but the buddhist/christianity contrast, papers of Edwin Alderman in particular do hold useful background materials on thesis print and bind dublin the origins and intentions of the Phelps-Stokes Fellowship Series, the products of which provide crucial documentation of black life in Albemarle County from the early twentieth century through World War II. The Phelps-Stokes Fund, a philanthropic organization based in New York, gave a gift of contrast $12,500 to the University of Virginia in 1911 for the purpose of funding a permanent fellowship in thesis print and bind dublin, Sociology. One Phelps-Stokes Fellow--a University of union essay Virginia student--was chosen each year, given $500 to thesis print and bind dublin, undertake a research project on some aspect of black life, and expected produce a written report of his or her findings for publication, in the hope that such research would assist in improving the condition of the negro. President Alderman, in his announcement of the fellowship, praised its underlying premise, namely that the best way to solve the problems facing African Americans in the United States was through the coursework, search for scientific and practical solutions. The thing to and bind, do, Alderman claimed, is to take it [the 'negro problem'] out of the application essay, nervous system of our people and their emotions, and to get it set up before them as a great human problem,--economic in nature, scientific in character,--to be acted upon as the result of broad, wise, sympathetic study.

26. Between 1915 and 1950, the University of Virginia published 18 research reports written by students under the auspices of the Phelps-Stokes Fellowship Series. Thesis? Nearly all deal with black education, professional and employment opportunities, residential patterns, land ownership, health, or crime. Because of the proximity of Charlottesville and Albemarle County's black communities to the University, a number of students chose to devote part or all of their research to local studies. Contrast Essay? From 1915 to 1934, six Phelps-Stokes Fellows wrote on the conditions of black life in Albemarle County, with three focusing specifically on Charlottesville.

27. Though most of the studies were actually undertaken after 1920, the anthropology and dublin, sociology students who performed the research for the Phelps-Stokes reports present what are probably the most valuable sources on black life in Charlottesville in the early twentieth century, with information unavailable from any other even remotely contemporaneous source. The reports describe different residential neighborhoods in Charlottesville, from Old Scottsville Road (South Sixth Street), notorious among blacks and whites alike for its extreme poverty and unsanitary conditions, to the Gas-House district in the hollow north of Main Street between Second and Fifth Streets, which housed working-class blacks and coursework, was known for the stream of stinking refuse that ran from the nearby city gashouse through the streets, to the neighborhoods around Page Street northwest of downtown and between Seventh and Ridge Streets south of Main, where professional and wealthier African Americans lived. 28. The residential patterns the Phelps-Stokes fellows describe reflected class distinctions within the black population, and the fellows frequently contrasted what they characterized as the vice-ridden residents of the slum of Old Scottsville Road with the educated upstanding club members and business owners who lived in more respectable neighborhoods and who composed the four hundred--a name taken on by upper-class African Americans in thesis print, Charlottesville to distinguish themselves from poorer blacks.

Phelps-Stokes reports tell of club life, from cultural organizations like the Taylor Art Club to civic and charity-minded groups like the Progressive Club; of essay vs report writing black education at the Jefferson School; of the thesis and bind dublin, Vinegar Hill business district which housed barber shops, pool rooms, tailors, insurance companies, dentists and doctors offices, groceries, cleaners, and other businesses, most owned by African Americans; and of religious life centered on the five local Baptist churches. When the findings of all the Phelps-Stokes papers are read together, a complex picture of the black community begins to emerges, better described as multiple communities of African Americans who shared the same city but often not the affluenza essays, same economic or cultural interests and thesis dublin, priorities. 29. In keeping with the philanthropic spirit of the Phelps-Stokes Fund's bequest, all the fellows appear to have been well-meaning, and they detailed the conditions under which Albemarle's black citizens lived in the hopes that their reports might draw attention to and bring alleviation of phd thesis some of the worst deprivations faced by African American. In his report on the county neighborhood of Red Hill which lies southwest of Fry's Spring, for thesis and bind dublin, example, William Lester Leap wrote the negro standards of living are slowly rising. Essay Writing? But when the incomes are small, such progress is necessarily slow.

It requires time, education, leadership, encouragement, and help; if these are available much can be accomplished. 30 In concluding his report on black housing, Charles Louis Knight took the space to deplore the living arrangements of many blacks and thesis print and bind dublin, called on local governments to improve public services and zoning codes, on black leaders to uplift the college application, race, and on lenders to help improve the print and bind dublin, rate of black home ownership. 31 Robert Lightfoot, meanwhile, in his study of black crime in union college, Charlottesville, not only found that whites committed many more violent crimes than blacks and discovered large disparities between the severity of sentencing of black criminal offenders and the leniency granted whites, but he also argued that given the economic and educational deprivations faced by blacks, their crime rate was surprisingly low. When these factors, he wrote, are considered in connection with the 'we-don't-want-the-niggers-to-get-away-with-anything' attitude which is held by a great many white people, the Negro question changes from 'Why do the and bind, Negroes commit so many crimes?' to 'Why do they commit so few?'32. But the Phelps-Stokes Papers must be read with a severely critical eye. Coursework? Even as they called for reform, many of the fellows wrote in a fashion that suggests they believed they described a certain objective reality of black life and that, as Alderman claimed, practical and scientific ideas properly applied would fix the conditions laid out in their reports. 33 Their studies, however, hardly described any objective picture of African-American life. Rather, one finds that the reports of the Phelps-Stokes fellows reflect the intellectual tenets and the preconceived understandings of most Southern sociologists about print and bind African Americans in the early twentieth century. Vernon J. Ict Gcse? Williams, Jr., in his work on sociological attitudes toward African Americans, argues that from the turn of the century through World War II, sociologists moved away from a rationalization of castelike arrangements in dublin, the United States and towards advocacy and support for assimilation of blacks into the American mainstream.

This change, however, was slow and gradual, and ideas about the natural, immutable inferiority of blacks only dissertation, died slowly over the course of the first four decades of the twentieth century. While Southern sociologists, Williams suggests, did slowly adopt Boasian ideas about cultural determinism as an thesis print, alternative to racial determinism, they tended to lag behind their disciplinary colleagues in accepting the possibility of black equality. Phd Thesis Polymer? Most Southerners, Williams writes, tended to hold that there were significant mental difference between blacks and print, whites; yet despite this tendency, their writings reflected the tension between the hereditarian and environmental perspectives. 34. Underlying the Phelps-Stokes papers is the notion that economic conditions for blacks could be alleviated and essays, that change from a caste system was possible, but a cultural (and sometime vaguely biological) racism is present as well. The fellows' bibliographies suggest the scholarly and disciplinary environment in which they operated. In Lightfoot's study of black crime, for print, example, he cites both E. Franklin Frazier's study of the black family in Chicago and E.B. Reuter's book, The American Race Problem, both of which had been published during the buddhist/christianity essay, years Lightfoot conducted his research. While both scholars set out to undermine the notion of thesis print and bind a scientific foundation to race that relegated blacks to a predetermined inferior status, inherent in both their works is a presumption that the closer a black family approached middle-class white standards of hard work, stable two-parent families, and temperance, the closer they came to a kind cultural superiority conducive to economic and social success in America. The theories of men like Frazier and Reuter are reflected in Lightfoot's study, as he tied higher crime rates in areas like Old Scottsville Road not only to economic and navjivan, educational circumstances, but also to bad attitudes. In this area, Lightfoot suggested, are the homes of the Negroes who take life as it comes.

They display little or no ambition; men and women loaf in the streets, or stand about in their yards doing nothing. 35. Helen Camp de Corse, meanwhile, used Frazier's studies but also Howard Odum's 1910 work, Social and Mental Traits of the Negro, in which the Southern sociologist argued that while changes in the economic conditions of thesis print and bind blacks could help improve their status, blacks were also inherently impulsive, tended toward pleasure and leisure which led to laziness and inactivity, extreme in essay vs report, responses to stimuli, lacked self-control, and were superficial and irresponsible. 36 In her own work, de Corse focused heavily on moral issues, criticizing blacks for perceived high rates of illegitimacy, the print, absence of essay two-parent homes, and juvenile delinquency. Her attention to thesis dublin, those issues in particular reflects a sensibility that blacks were precisely what Odum suggested: naturally hypersexual, irresponsible, and untrustworthy. De Corse, like the other Phelps-Stokes scholars, seems to have believed these circumstances were mostly products of culture rather than of biology (even Odum's work indicated the phd thesis, tension between the two notions of racial difference), and thesis print, were amenable to affluenza, change if blacks were willing to make the effort to approximate middle-class moral standards. Nonetheless, her tone is condescending, pitiful, and occasionally self-righteous, all of and bind dublin which suggest that she viewed poor African Americans as projects, susceptible to possible improvement through moral and economic uplift, rather than as people who lived in an environment of racism that often trapped them in their poverty regardless of their aspirations. The sources discussed thus far all present different obstacles for union college essay, a historical interpretation of print dublin black life in early twentieth century Charlottesville, from the skewed presentations of blacks in the Daily Progress to contrast essay, the too few moments of fragmentary insight yielded by private collections, to the problematic interpretive lens through which Phelps-Stokes fellows understood their subjects. Thesis Print And Bind? At first glance, the most glaring obstacle may be that there exist no contemporary sources actually produced by African Americans. There are, however, some oral histories given by essays blacks from print Charlottesville, both published and on tape in navjivan rastogi, the collection of the Woodson Institute.

Many of these histories recall a time after the 1920s, but when considering a time period and thesis, a population about essays whom sources are so elusive the and bind, oral documents cannot simply be discarded. For starters, to attempt to ict gcse, write this history without some black perspective when these perspectives are available is flawed and thesis and bind, intellectually dishonest. The experience of any group of people is most effectively conveyed by the people themselves, and the reports of affluenza essays blacks from thesis Charlottesville are frequently outstanding in their expressions and descriptions of the nuances of social relations, and in confirming or modifying reports from other sources about, for example, the racial compositions of particular neighborhoods and the kinds of economic circumstances of those who lived in them. Most importantly, perhaps, these oral histories add the essay, kinds of anecdotal evidence crucial to anyone trying to capture the sense of thesis and bind dublin a place, its feel, and its subtleties. Compare, for example, the descriptions of the Old Scottsville Road neighborhood in the Phelps-Stokes papers with the personal story about that neighborhood told by college Rev. Carter Wicks in his interview from earlier this year. Where the Phelps-Stokes fellows wrote about Old Scottsville Road as the dirtiest and most dangerous area of Charlottesville, Rev.

Wicks said the following about his parents' feelings: In our social lives, we discriminated, cause my father and mother, if I told them we was going to a party down on Scottsville Road, they'd tell me 'you ain't goin' nowhere,' because they knew the section and just going to get in a lot of trouble, and they wouldn't let me go. Not that they thought I was better than those people, but its just the neighborhood was just such that you'd get in trouble. I was never taught that I was better than anybody else, and I also was taught that nobody was better than I am. Here, Wicks not only confirms and print and bind dublin, enhances the notion that this area deserved its reputation, but also, rather self-consciously, the idea that blacks did in fact discriminate between themselves based on class distinction and senses of the danger that awaited those who ventured into the wrong neighborhoods. In Wicks' and others' oral testimony, blacks are the main characters and the documents yield a sense of what those in the black community saw and union essay, felt that the Phelps-Stokes papers and other sources that view blacks primarily as subjects of study never do effectively. 37. Oral histories can allow for the reconciliation of evidence transmitted through any number of subjective lenses, but oral interviews are no less subjective in their own way. Thesis Print? Memories are always selective and imperfect and while we still do not entirely understand the neurochemical processes of memory, it is clear that memories are frequently hazy, inaccurate, and consciously or unconsciously altered to conceal that which is painful, to enhance the role of the teller, or simply to make anecdotal recollections fit the overall narrative the teller is choosing to dissertation navjivan, recreate. Taking oral histories, some of which recall events from sixty or seventy years earlier, at face value is thus no less problematic than accepting the validity of sociological data from the same time period. History is often memory, but memory is not the reflection of an dublin, objective reality. I hope to correct for some of the essay, fogginess and fragmentary nature of the sources not only by thesis and bind comparing them against one another, but by using evidence from the 1910 census and buddhist/christianity contrast essay, from Charlottesville city directories published between 1895 and 1920 to compile demographic profiles of the print and bind, black population in Charlottesville.

Among other categories, the census records names, numbers and relations of people within households, the nature of dissertation navjivan rastogi individuals' work or business, literacy rates, and home ownership. Census takers also took note, in the margins of the print dublin, census sheets, the college, names of streets from which the records on the page come. Currently, the census records of print dublin all African Americans in Charlottesville are being logged onto computer to enable manipulation of the data and to allow for phd thesis nanocomposites, some conclusions to be drawn about family and household size as well as employment and residential patterns. In the future the entire census could be put into a database program, and perhaps censuses from print 1900 and 1920 can be added, to buddhist/christianity, enable better comparisons with the white population and to note changes taking place over time. The Charlottesville city directories contain less information than the print, census, but they do record names, employment, and both home and work addresses. In addition, the business directories list dozens and dozens of black businesses and their addresses. Directories from 1895, 1898, 1904-05, 1909-10, 1916-17, and 1919-20 have been entered into a computer. Dissertation Navjivan Rastogi? They have an advantage over the census not only in their more manageable sizes but also in that they exist for more than half the years between 1895 and 1920, which allows for the close tracking of changes over time in work and print, living patterns. My hope for both the union essay, census and thesis dublin, the city directories is to essay, be able both to glean evidence to support or contradict the print dublin, conclusions drawn by observers like the Phelps-Stokes fellows and the providers of oral histories and to build a foundation for affluenza essays, this study that lies on print less subjective ground than those sources. Affluenza Essays? In particular, I am excited by the possibilities for creating a map of black Charlottesville that can display residential distribution of African Americans both generally and by occupation (which may in turn be suggestive of conclusions about print and bind dublin class) as well as the locations of black churches, schools, cemeteries, club buildings, and businesses.

The black communities of Charlottesville comprise a mosaic spread across the city a sense of essays which I believe visual demonstration may best convey. I have not even begun the process of looking at the largest cache of sources in terms of sheer volume. The city and county courthouses hold wills, deeds, marriage registers, police and print, court records, and other legal documents. To take full advantage of college these sources requires enormous amounts of time and patience, but the rewards can be worth the effort. We know many African Americans owned property, for example, but just how much and where? Did black business owners own or rent buildings on Vinegar Hill? What can we learn about print and bind black interaction with the criminal justice system?

What can wills tell us about writing patterns of inheritance? I strongly encourage a steady mining of print dublin these kinds of sources to complement and add to the portrait of a city being painfully drawn to essay, date from and bind dublin fragmentary sources--smatterings of anecdotal information, occasional newspaper reports, undated and incomplete lists of voters, and names and descriptions of neighborhoods where people lived. 1 John Hammond Moore, Albemarle: Jefferson's County, 1727-1976, (Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1976). On black education, see pp. 323-329. On residential patterns, class differences, and social life, see pp. 423-432. 2 Moore, pp. 423-424. 3 Holsinger's Charlottesville: a collection of photographs by Rufus W. Vs Report? Holsinger,.

Cecile Wendover Clover, and F.T. Heblick, Jr., eds., (Charlottesville: Art Restoration Services, 1995 [2nd ed. of 1976 publication]; Fred T. Heblich and Mary Ann Elwood, Charlottesville and thesis print dublin, the University of Virginia: A Pictorial History, (Norfolk: Donning Company, 1982). 4 Agnes Cross-White, Charlottesville: An African-American Community, (Dover, New Hampshire: Arcadia, 1998). 5 Richard I. McKinney, Keeping the Faith: A History of The First Baptist Church, 1863-1980 In Light of Its Times, (Charlottesville, 1981). 6 Andy Meyers, The Charlottesville Woolen Mills: Working Life, Wartime, and the Walkout of 1918, MACH, Vol. 53 (1995), pp.

71-114; Halstead S. Hedges, A Doctor's Reminiscences of Albemarle County, MACH, Vol. 3 (1942-43), pp. 5-16. 7 See, for example, Edward M. Donohoe, From Horse Cars to Busses in writing, Charlottesville, 1887-1935, MACH, Vol. And Bind? 12 (1951-52), pp.

1-10; Jefferson Randolph Kean, 'Forward is the buddhist/christianity, Motto of thesis print and bind dublin Today:' Electric Street Railways in Charlottesville, 1893-1936, MACH, Vols. 37-38 (1979-1980), pp. 67-186; Kean, Early Street Railways and the Development of Charlottesville, MACH, Vols. 33-34 (1975-76), pp. 1-52; Gayle M. Schulman, 'Shall We Become a City?' The Story of Charlottesville's Incorporation as a City in 1888, MACH, Vol. 46 (1988), pp. 1-16. Other articles dealing with this time frame include A. Robert Kulthau, and Beulah O. Phd Thesis Nanocomposites? Carter, Baptist Education for Young Ladies in Charlottesville: Part II, 1875-1909, MACH, Vol. 54 (1996), pp. 29-68; L. Moody Simms, Philip Alexander Bruce: The Charlottesville Years, MACH, Vol.

29 (1971), pp. 69-79; James P.C. Thesis Print? Southall, Reminiscences of Charlottesville in the 1880s, MACH, Vol. 4 (1943-44), pp. 24-34; Lilyan Sydenham, Reflection of navjivan rastogi National Dramatic Trends in Charlottesville, 1900-1935, MACH, Vol. 13 (1953), pp. 46-53; and Peter Wallenstein, The Case of the Laborer from Louisa: Three Central Virginians and the Origins of the Virginia Highway System, MACH, Vol. 49 (1991), pp. 19-48. 8 The Daily Progress, January 4-14, 1910. 9 Ibid., January 15, 1900.

10 Ibid., October 23, 1900. On July 31, the Progress, a staunchly Democratic organ, had aligned itself clearly with forces calling for disfranchisement, reprinting from the Lynchburg News, classic rhetoric defending the print dublin, elimination of the affluenza, black vote in and bind dublin, Virginia: the dissertation navjivan, white people of Virginia are not unfriendly to the negroes. The desire to exclude illiterates from the polls is not prompted by unkindness. It is due to the conviction that our politics will be purer and our government better administered when this dangerous and irresponsible element is eliminated. 11 A survey of the archival materials at the Library of Virginia and the Virginia Historical Society proved almost entirely fruitless. The VHS had no collections of interest. Print And Bind Dublin? The Library of Virginia holds some county records, but many of union college essay these are available at the courthouses in thesis and bind, downtown Charlottesville. The LOV does hold the War History Commission Records, which the essay, State of Virginia created shortly after World War I. Thesis? The Commission interviewed veterans about their personal lives before the war, their war experiences, and their reflections on their military service. A few of these questionnaires survive from Albemarle County blacks, but I have found none from blacks living in Charlottesville specifically. (World War I History Commission, Questionnaires, Microfilm Reel 38, Library of Virginia, Richmond). 12 Republican Party (Charlottesville) Papers, MSS 9077, Alderman Library, University of Virginia.

13 Cox-McPherson family papers, 1892-1922, MSS 38-11, Alderman Library, University of Virginia, Box 1; Daily Progress, May 22, 1907 and Oct. 4, 1902. By 1902, in the wake of a new Virginia state constitution designed in college, part to keep black voters off the rolls, the thesis and bind dublin, Progress felt compelled to explain to its readers how it was possible that those 77 black voters still qualified to vote. The paper, assuring its readers that not just any black man could qualify, indicated that at least 60 qualified via their ownership of property. Of the union college application, others, one was a graduate of Hampton and qualified under the print, understanding clause, another was the son of a Confederate soldier, and a third was a very worthy and prosperous citizen. The Progress indicated, lest any white citizen worry, that 27 black men in vs report writing, one ward were disqualified under the understanding clause. It is uncertain how many black men qualified to vote in Charlottesville before the new state constitution took effect. One list from May 1896 in the Cox-McPherson papers contains 44 names of print dublin registered voters, but it seems likely that this is a list either of just one ward or of the voters registered at a particular registration drive, as suggested by the absence of the names of men like J.T.S. Taylor and George Inge and others who sat on local Republican committees in 1896 and who were certainly voters. 14 Both black and white Republicans served on essay ward committees in thesis and bind dublin, Charlottesville, and the minutes of dissertation rastogi a number of Republican party meetings from 1896 indicate that whites and blacks worked together on party business. It does seem, however, that white Republicans held most leadership positions, especially those that might have them represent the party before other whites.

Thus, L.W. And Bind? Cox was repeatedly elected City Chairman, while ward committeemen included many prominent black citizens like George P. Inge, Charles E. Coles, and Noah Jackson, whose racial status enabled them more than white committeemen to work more closely with individual black citizens. (Cox-McPherson Papers, Box 2) 15 Rives to Snowden, Cox-McPherson Papers, Box 1, July 13, 1896. The cynicism of his own schemes never seems to have occurred to Rives, who on April 20, 1896, found himself, after the unanimous adoption of a resolution submitted by black Republican George P. Inge, selected by the City Committee of Republicans to navjivan rastogi, serve as delegate to the St. Louis national convention. Thesis? (City Committee Minutes, April 20, 1896, Cox-McPherson Papers, Box 2).

16 Michie to Cox, Cox-McPherson Papers, Box 1, March 20, 1900. It is possible, of course, that Michie's worries had much to do with internecine struggles for local political power between white Republicans, a battle in which a fight over black participation simply served as a means to an unrelated end. Still, that there could be such a fight at vs report writing all indicates that African American support mattered to white Republicans and that men like Michie and print and bind dublin, Rives understood its significance. 17 See Cox-McPherson Papers, Box 1. In a public exchange of letters in phd thesis polymer nanocomposites, the Progress, the Secretary of the Albemarle County Committee accused the print, Democratic Electoral Board of appointing African Americans as judges of election and polymer, calling them Republicans without the approval or knowledge of the Republican party. The electoral board shot back without irony that they believed that there are more colored Republicans in the City of Charlottesville than white Republicans, and that it was not only legal, but morally right to seat black judges of election in certain precincts. ( Progress, November 1 and November 5, 1920). 18 William Wilkey to L.W. And Bind? Cox, February 20, 1896, Cox-McPherson Papers, Box 1.

19 Progress, August 23, 1900. 20 undated Appeal to Colored Voters, Cox-McPherson Papers, Box 1. Black women could not vote, obviously, until 1920. It is unknown how many women in the whole city qualified in 1920, but the Cox-McPherson collection notes that in Charlottesville's first ward, where few blacks lived, three women--Maggie P. Burley, Mamie J. Farwell, and Alice Grady--qualified to vote in buddhist/christianity essay, the presidential election. (Cox-McPherson Papers, Box 2). 21 See assorted documents, March-July 1922, Cox-McPherson Papers, Box 1. 22 Dillard Family Papers, MSS 9498, Alderman Library, University of print Virginia. Dillard also sat on the board of the Phelps-Stokes Fund, but not until well into the 1930s, and the papers relevant to his involvement with that organization largely consist of reports of meetings of the nanocomposites, Board of Trustees. 23 Charles Louis Knight, Statistics on the colored population of Philadelphia, Lynchburg, and Charlottesville, MSS 38-535, Alderman Library, University of Virginia. Any value to be derived from Knight's research appears in the compiled tables for his report made for the Phelps-Stokes Fund, Negro Housing in Certain Virginia Cities, Charlottesville, 1927.

24 Barringer Family Papers, Alderman Library, University of Virginia, Box 6. 25 For full text of Barringer's speech, see Progress, June 2, 1900, and see the response delivered by Booker T. Washington in Century magazine, discussed in Progress, July 31, 1900. 26 Presidents Papers, RG2/1/2.472, subseries I (Office Administrative Files, 1904-1914), Box 20. The fellowship series began inauspiciously as H.M. McManaway, the thesis, first fellow, was selected in 1912 but never delivered his report. In 1915, the phd thesis polymer, University's Phelps-Stokes Fellowship Committee passed a new set of guidelines that more rigidly bound the fellows to produce actual work. It became mandatory that preference in selection of the fellow be given to graduate students, and the responsibilities of the print, fellows were more clearly defined. In addition, the committee passed a rule that full payment of the fellowship not be issued until the fellow's thesis was complete and in the possession of the committee. (Presidents Papers, RG2/1/2.472, subseries III [Office Administrative Files, 1915-1919, Box 8, letter from Charles W. Kent, Prof. of English Literature, to Alderman, 10/15/15]). 27 The six studies relevant to Charlottesville include: Samuel T. Bitting, Rural Land Ownership among the Negroes of Virginia with Special Reference to Albemarle County, 1915; Knight, Negro Housing, 1927; Marjorie Felice Irwin, The Negro in Charlottesville and Albemarle County, an explanatory study, 1929; William Lester Leap, Red Hill Neighborhood: life and race relations in a rural section, 1933; Helen Camp de Corse, Charlottesville: a study of dissertation navjivan Negro Life and Personality, 1933; Robert Mitchell Lightfoot, Negro Crime in a Small Urban Community, 1934.

28 On different residential areas of print and bind dublin Charlottesville, see de Corse, Charlottesville, pp. 7-10; Irwin, Negro in Charlottesville, pp. 18-22; Lightfoot, Negro Crime, pp. 7-11. 29 These kinds of materials fill much of the reports of de Corse and Irwin in particular, and I imagine that much of the final version of this paper will be suffused with more detailed descriptions of all the areas touched on above. Pulling together these materials more systematically and at greater length here, however, is perhaps a superfluous task, as the information still to be gleaned from the union, census and from city directories is intended to print dublin, help confirm or modify many of the conclusions drawn by the fellows about class divisions and residential patterns and, in turn, to help bolster the argument that the black community in Charlottesville was multifocal and imagined.

Community could mean residential boundaries and neighborhoods and it could describe self-conscious class differentiations but community also took shape around political districts, club membership, churches, or any other means by which African Americans identified with one another. The populations of these different but coexisting communities overlapped and constantly shifted, but the suggestion that a single black community ever existed seems to mask a much more complex set of social arrangements. 30 Leap, Red Hill, p. 153. 31 Knight, Negro Housing, pp. 134-138. 32 Lightfoot, Negro Crime, p. 61. 33 Vernon J. Williams, Jr. argues that in the early-twentieth century, sociologists began to embrace the use of coursework empirical data in order to seem more objective, scientific, and authoritative. The Phelps-Stokes reports accordingly are often stuffed with pages and pages of charts and thesis print, tables ranging from the obviously important, such as birthrates, to the more esoteric, such as the number of gardens in front of vs report writing black homes. (Williams, From a Caste to thesis and bind, a Minority: Changing Attitudes of American Sociologists Toward Afro-Americans, 1896-1945, Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1989, p. 81).

34 Williams, pp. 1-3, quote on p. 96. 35 Lightfoot, Negro Crime, p. 11. 36 Williams, pp. 43-45. 37 Interview with Rev. and Mrs. Carter Wicks, recorded February 1998 as part of the Fifeville Community Design Workshop. Also see interview with Rebecca McGinness, recorded 11/18/97, housed at the Carter G. Woodson Institute.

For published oral histories, see Wilma T. Mangione, ed., From porch swings to patios: an phd thesis polymer nanocomposites, oral history project of Charlottesville neighborhoods, 1914-1984, Charlottesville: City of Charlottesville, 1990, and Ridge Street Oral History Project: A Supplement to the Survey of the Ridge Street Historic District and Proposal for Local Designation, Charlottesville, 1995.

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Effectiveness of Ra 8049 or Anti-Hazing Law Essay. Under the Anti-Hazing Law, hazing is defined as “an initiation rite or practice as a prerequisite for admission into membership in thesis print and bind a fraternity, sorority or organization by placing the recruit, neophyte or applicant in some embarrassing or humiliating situations such as forcing him to do menial, silly, foolish and other similar tasks or activities or otherwise subjecting him to physical or psychological suffering or injury. The physical, mental and psychological testing and essay training procedure and practices to and bind dublin, determine and enhance the physical, mental and psychological fitness of prospective regular members of the Armed Forces of the Philippines and the Philippine National Police as approved by the Secretary of National Defense and the National Police Commission duly recommended by the Chief of phd thesis polymer, Staff, Armed Forces of the Philippines and thesis and bind dublin the Director General of the phd thesis nanocomposites Philippine National Police [are not] considered as hazing”. (Section 1) 1. No hazing or initiation rites in any form or manner by a fraternity, sorority or organization shall be allowed without prior written notice to the school authorities or head of print and bind, organization 7 days before the conduct of such initiation. The written notice shall indicate: 1) the period of the initiation activities which shall not exceed 3 days, shall include 2) the names of those to be subjected to such activities, and shall further contain 3) an undertaking that no physical violence be employed by anybody during such initiation rites. (Section 2) 2. The head of the school or organization or their representatives must assign at least 2 representatives of the school or organization, as the case may be, to essay, be present during the initiation. It is the thesis print and bind dublin duty of such representative to essay vs report writing, see to it that no physical harm of any kind shall be. inflicted upon thesis print and bind dublin a recruit, neophyte or applicant. (Section 3) Liability for Hazing.

Section 4 of the Anti-Hazing Law defines those criminally liable as principals and accomplices. 1. If the person subjected to affluenza essays, hazing or other forms of initiation rites suffers any physical injury or dies as a result thereof, the officers and members of the fraternity, sorority or organization who actually participated in the infliction of physical harm shall be liable as principals. Print And Bind Dublin? The person or persons who participated in essay the hazing shall suffer: 1) The penalty of reclusion perpetua (life imprisonment) if death, rape, sodomy or mutilation results there from. Thesis And Bind Dublin? 2) The penalty of reclusion temporal in its maximum period (17 years, 4 months and 1 day to 20 years) if in consequence of the hazing the victim shall become insane, imbecile, impotent or blind. 3) The penalty of reclusion temporal in its medium period (14 years, 8 months and one day to 17 years and 4 months) if in consequence of the hazing the victim shall have lost the use of speech or the contrast essay power to hear or to print and bind, smell, or shall have lost an eye, a hand, a foot, an arm or a leg or shall have lost the use of any such member shall have become incapacitated for the activity or work in contrast which he was habitually engaged. 4) The penalty of reclusion temporal in its minimum period (12 years and one day to 14 years and 8 months) if in consequence of the hazing the victim shall become deformed or shall have lost any other part of his body, or shall have lost the use thereof, or shall have been ill or incapacitated for the performance on the activity or work in which he was habitually engaged for more than 90 days. 5) The penalty of prison mayor in its maximum period (10 years and one day to 12 years) if in thesis print and bind dublin consequence of the hazing the victim shall have been ill or incapacitated for essays, the performance on the activity or work in which he was habitually engaged for more than 30 days.

6) The penalty of prison mayor in its medium period (8 years and one day to 10 years) if in consequence of the hazing the victim shall have been ill or incapacitated for the performance on the activity or work in which he was habitually engaged for 10 days or more, or that the injury sustained shall require medical assistance for the same period. 7) The penalty of prison mayor in its minimum period (6 years and one day to 8 years) if in consequence of the thesis print hazing the victim shall have been ill or incapacitated for the performance on the activity or work in navjivan rastogi which he was habitually engaged from 1 to 9 days, or that the injury sustained shall require medical assistance for the same period. 8) The penalty of thesis and bind dublin, prison correccional in union its maximum period (4 years, 2 months and thesis one day to 6 years) if in consequence of the hazing the victim sustained physical injuries which do not prevent him from engaging in his habitual activity or work nor require medical attendance. 2. If the hazing is held in the home of one of the officers or members of the fraternity, group, or organization, the parents shall be held liable as principals when they have actual knowledge of the hazing conducted therein but failed to take any action to essay writing, prevent the same from occurring. 3. Thesis? The officers, former officers, or alumni of the organization, group, fraternity or sorority who actually planned the hazing although not present when the acts constituting the hazing were committed shall be liable as principals.

A fraternity or sorority’s adviser who is present when the acts constituting the hazing were committed and failed to take action to prevent the same from occurring shall be liable as principal. The presence of any person during the hazing is prima facie evidence of participation therein as principal unless he prevented the writing commission of the thesis print and bind dublin acts punishable herein. The school authorities including faculty members who consent to buddhist/christianity essay, the hazing or who have actual knowledge thereof, but failed to take any action to prevent the same from occurring shall be punished as accomplices for print and bind dublin, the acts of hazing committed by the perpetrators. Liability of Owners of the Hazing venue. The owner of the navjivan rastogi place where hazing is conducted shall be liable as an thesis accomplice, when he has actual knowledge of the hazing conducted therein but failed to take any action to prevent the same from occurring. The responsible officials of the school or of the police, military or citizen’s army training organization, may impose the union college application appropriate administrative sanctions on the person or the persons charged under this provision even before their conviction. The maximum penalty herein provided shall be imposed in any of the following instances:

1. Thesis And Bind Dublin? When the recruitment is union college application, accompanied by force, violence, threat, intimidation or deceit on the person of the recruit who refuses to join; 2. When the recruit, neophyte or applicant initially consents to join but upon learning that hazing will be committed on his person, is prevented from quitting; 3. When the recruit, neophyte or applicant having undergone hazing is prevented from reporting the unlawful act to print and bind dublin, his parents or guardians, to the proper school authorities, or to the police authorities, through force, violence, threat or intimidation; 4. When the hazing is rastogi, committed outside of the school or institution; or 5. When the victim is below 12 years of age at the time of the thesis and bind hazing. The law states that it applies to essay, the president, manager, director or other responsible officer of a corporation engaged in hazing as a requirement for employment in thesis and bind dublin the manner above mentioned. Lastly, the law specifies that any person charged is not entitled to the mitigating circumstance that there was no intention to commit so grave a wrong. Had the Anti-Hazing been in place in 1991, those acquitted of buddhist/christianity contrast essay, causing Lenny Villa’s death may still be languishing in jail. (Although, perhaps, had our prosecutors been more diligent in print dublin their prosecution of all accused in the death of Lenny Villa, there would at buddhist/christianity least have been more than 5 convictions – even without the Anti-Hazing Law.) But why do hazing deaths continue to occur despite the law? It is significant to note that the Supreme Court decision on the hazing-death of Lenny Villa, as quoted above, recognizes that: the hazing “rituals were performed with Lenny’s consent” and “even after going through Aquila’s grueling traditional rituals during the first day, Lenny continued his participation and finished the second day of initiation.” The law cannot prohibit some people from print dublin wanting to belong and dissertation rastogi willing to thesis and bind, tolerate certain rituals to be accepted as a member of ict gcse, a group, nor can the law prevent some people’s inclination to violence or abuse. Thesis Print? So at all times, the willing neophyte’s welfare depends on being hazed by a group of non-violent handlers. But that is never guaranteed. Since the risk exists that the neophyte will be hazed by a group of people prone to violence by nature, by pressure or some substance, it may be all left to nanocomposites, the individual (or the family rearing him/her) to eliminate that risk by declining the membership (or convincing said individual to decline) as early as possible.

We must see hazing as much more than a legal issue, say, like drugs. It is not enough to stop drug production and trafficking. People must learn to just say “No.” Those inclined to join should be aware that certain activities benignly termed as rites of print, passage may very well lead to funeral rites, of their own. (Siesta,2012) Statement of the Problem. The purpose of the study was to investigate the union essay effectiveness of print and bind dublin, a Fraternity or Sorority in a specific area, the benefits that an phd thesis polymer nanocomposites individual get from print and bind joining it and how it should be observed. Specifically, it sought answers to rastogi, the following questions: 1. How effective is print, Republic Act 8049: Anti-Hazing Law?

2. Are the phd thesis nanocomposites rules and limitations on thesis and bind dublin practicing initiation rites under RA 8049 properly observed? 3. Navjivan? What are the perceived solutions proposed by the respondents to thesis dublin, resolve the contrast lack of implementation of RA 8049? Conceptual Framework. 1. Hazing – Section 1. Hazing, as used in this Act, is an initiation rite or practice as a prerequisite for admission into membership in print a fraternity, sorority or organization by placing the recruit, neophyte or applicant in some embarrassing or humiliating situations such as forcing him to do menial, silly, foolish and affluenza essays other similar tasks or activities or otherwise subjecting him to physical or psychological suffering or injury. The term “organization” shall include any club or the Armed Forces of the Philippines, Philippine National Police, Philippine Military Academy, or officer and cadet corp of the Citizen’s Military Training and Citizen’s Army Training.

The physical, mental and psychological testing and training procedure and practices to determine and enhance the physical, mental and psychological fitness of prospective regular members of the Armed Forces of the Philippines and the Philippine National Police as approved ny the Secretary of National Defense and the National Police Commission duly recommended by the Chief of Staff, Armed Forces of the thesis print dublin Philippines and affluenza essays the Director General of the Philippine National Police shall not be considered as hazing for the purposes of this Act. 2. Thesis And Bind Dublin? Rules and Limitation – Section 2. No hazing or initiation rites in any form or manner by a fraternity, sorority or organization shall be allowed without prior written notice to the school authorities or head of organization seven (7) days before the conduct of such initiation. The written notice shall indicate the period of the initiation activities which shall not exceed three (3) days, shall include the buddhist/christianity essay names of those to be subjected to such activities, and shall further contain an undertaking that no physical violence be employed by anybody during such initiation rites. Section 3. Thesis Print And Bind? The head of the school or organization or their representatives must assign at essay least two (2) representatives of the school or organization, as the case may be, to be present during the initiation. It is the duty of such representative to see to it that no physical harm of any kind shall be inflicted upon a recruit, neophyte or applicant. 4. Problems due to hazing – Physical injury – Damage or harm done to print, or suffered by a person or thing: humiliation- The state of being humiliated or disgraced; shame. depression- A psychiatric disorder characterized by an inability to concentrate, insomnia, loss of appetite, anhedonia, feelings of extreme sadness, guilt, helplessness and hopelessness, and thoughts of death. Also called clinical depression psychological disorder- a psychological disorder of thought or emotion; a more neutral term than mental illness death – a permanent cessation of all vital functions; the end of life. 4. Dissertation Rastogi? Strict implementation of the thesis and bind R.A 8049 or the Anti-Hazing Law shall be observed by the government because sometimes the writing government forget about this Republic Act and set it aside.

Significance of the Study. he researcher considered the following institutions that will sort benefit of the study. These are the following: Government for them to take action and dublin lessen the crimes that were brought up by coursework, unlawful initiation process. Society gives awareness to what are the thesis and bind rules and limitations that should be observed in the initiation process. Neophyte gives them awareness and vs report let them understand what the legal procedures in conducting initiation process are. Future Researchers results of this study maybe used as reference by future researchers. Scope and Delimitation of the Study. The parameters of the study pertain to the effectiveness and implementation of Republic Act 8049 which is known to be the Anti-Hazing Law. And Bind? The researcher studies about the perception of law-makers and individuals expert in the field of law. The researcher prepared interview questions that will be answered by 5 or more respondents which happen to be law-makers and individuals expert in the field of law. The set of questions prepared by the researchers are bound with the questions in the statement of the dissertation navjivan problem, for example how effective is Republic Act 8049: Anti-Hazing Law, are the thesis rules and limitation in ict gcse conducting initiation rites are properly observed.

Definition of terms. Accomplice refers to one who knowingly, voluntarily, or intentionally, and with common intent and criminal purpose shared with the and bind principal offender, solicits or encourages another to commit a crime or assists or attempts to assist in its planning and execution. Brotherhood refers to an association of men, such as a fraternity or union, united for common purposes. Congeniality refers to having the same nature, disposition, or tastes. Connation refers to dissertation, a commonly understood subjective cultural or emotional association that some word or phrase carries, in addition to the word’s or phrase’s explicit or literal meaning, which is its denotation. Conviviality refers to fond of feasting, drinking, and good company; sociable. And Bind? Curriculum refers to all the courses of study offered by an educational institution. Affluenza Essays? Disdained refers to regard or treat with haughty contempt; despise. Dissipation refers to wasteful expenditure or consumption. Fraternity refers to a chiefly social organization of men students at a college or university, usually designated by Greek letters. Freemason refers to an international fraternal and charitable organization with secret rites and signs.

Initiation refers to a ceremony, ritual, test, or period of and bind, instruction with which a new member is admitted to union application, an organization or office or to knowledge. Insignia refers to a badge of office, rank, membership, or nationality; an emblem. Law refers to a rule of conduct or procedure established by custom, agreement, or authority. Masonry refers to a work done by a mason. Menial refers to a person who has a servile or low nature. Neophyte refers to a novice or beginner. Protection refers to the state of being protected.

Solidarity refers to a union of print dublin, interests, purposes, or sympathies among members of a group; fellowship of responsibilities and interests. Sorority refers to a chiefly social organization of women students at a college or university, usually designated by Greek letters. University/College: University of Arkansas System. Type of paper: Thesis/Dissertation Chapter. Date: 7 February 2017. Let us write you a custom essay sample on Effectiveness of Ra 8049 or Anti-Hazing Law. for only $16.38 $13.9/page. Haven't found the dissertation rastogi Essay You Want? Get your custom essay sample. For Only $13.90/page.

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