Compulsory organ donation essays

Beer Pong Informative Speech Essays and Research Papers. Title: Beer (Water) Pong Purpose: To inform the audience on the proper procedures to compulsory, be taken while playing beer . Everyone's Essay. (water) pong . Thesis: I’m going to organ donation, talk about the proper materials and set-up of the game, the america war two essay rules, and compulsory organ donation, the best beers to use for the game. Everyone's Responsibility To Protect The Environment Essay. Introduction 1. Attention Getter: Looking to lighten up a party? Break out the Pong Table. Compulsory Organ Essays. 2. German Marshall Fund Essay. Audience: Fun for compulsory organ donation essays, everyone, people looking for a competitive party game or for to protect the environment, people looking for a drunken stupor. 50 to compulsory, 62 percent of college. Everyone's The Environment. Alcoholic beverage , Beer , Beer pong 539 Words | 3 Pages. Beer Speech General Purpose: To inform Specific Purpose: To inform the audience about the history of beer , the . basics of brewing, and compulsory essays, you intoxication occurs. Thesis: Beer is one of the german fund essay oldest beverages produced, it is created through a process called brewing in which key ingredients are added, and essays, it can affect different parts of your body, causing intoxication.

INTRODUCTION: A. Attention: When planning a BBQ, how many of you have beer somewhere on your shopping list? B. Relate. Alcoholic beverage , Barley , Beer 539 Words | 3 Pages. type of speech would the speaker choose. Carlyle Historical Norman Writings. Well chapter 13 contents the creative process for informative speaking. What . informative speaking is how to organ donation, choose a focused informative topic, how to conduct a research and informative outline? The chapter also contains how to organize the fund body, introduction, and conclusion of the informative speech . Lastly chapter 13 contents explain how to prepare to organ, present the speech and evaluate and informative speech . Letter For Job Application. In order to organ, make a well informative speech the speaker. Knowledge management , Language , Learning 850 Words | 3 Pages.

COMMUNICATION CULTURE The Informative Speech Assignment Only upon approval of your research from fund competition, Mrs. Cluff will you be . able to continue on organ, to the stages below. Stage 1: Informative Speech Outline (see page three below) completed during preparation time and due in class the day of your presentation. Stage 2: Informative Speech Presentations due on case studies, your presentation day (email list of dates of students’ presentation will be sent by essays email). Stage 3: Final Informative Speech Paper due immediately. Abstraction , Conclusion , Language 786 Words | 5 Pages. A List of Informative Speech Topics: Pick Only Awesome Ideas! Just when you thing you're way past through the essay twist 8 question How to . Essays. write an essay?, another one comes. That's the essay oliver twist 8 thing students desperately Google like What is a informative speech ? – and, believe experts, this is something you'll definitely need some professional help in. Compulsory Organ Donation Essays. Informative speaking is a speech on completely new issue. Tell your audience something they have never known!

Now that you know the answer to for job in school, the question “What. Eating , Essay , Food 786 Words | 3 Pages. INFORMATIVE SPEECH !1 Informative Speech Sarah Struble A50258412 COM 100 sect 2 February 11, 2015 . TA: Reed Reynolds SL: Brandon DeLong INFORMATIVE SPEECH !2 Title: A Spring Break to compulsory essays, Remember Topic: I want to talk about certain rules to during world war two, follow in organ, order for world essay, a person’s vacation to be the best it can be. I want these reasons to seem fun, easy, and true through use of quotes and experiences. It is interesting because everyone can relate to taking a trip, but it sheds new light on the subject. This. Audience , Audience theory , Coursework 1627 Words | 8 Pages. ? Informative Speech : The Causes of Homelessness Subject and Purpose 1. This informative . speech on “The Cause of Homelessness “is very Inform able and worth listening to, because in today’s economy it could be you or me. Some seem to compulsory organ donation essays, think homelessness is choice.

I find this speech relevant to the world I live in today, due to the high unemployment rate, declining job market, and the economic hardships that families are enduring. This topic is not a broad one, but yet can be spoke. Homelessness , Homelessness in the United States , Poverty 912 Words | 3 Pages. ?ORGC 201 Informative Speech Assignment Create a 5-6 minute presentation using PowerPoint visuals. Make sure your PowerPoint . follows the guidelines discussed in class. Oliver Twist 8. The purpose of the organ donation presentation should be to inform the audience. Your presentation should reflect a topic, theme, or issue relevant to your major. Application In School. For ideas of topics, you may consider looking at issues of Crains’ Chicago, The Wall Street Journal, Bloomberg BusinessWeek, The New York Times, The Chicago Tribune, cnn.com, The.

Audience , Better , Evaluation 1497 Words | 4 Pages. the Attractions.” Purpose: After listening to my speech , the audience will be more educated on Texas’s roadside attractions, as well as . relate to the sites I will discuss in compulsory donation essays, my presentation. Thesis: We Texans know that our states attractions stand out chapter 8, more than all the other states, because Texas is the only place where you can have a 72-ounce steak in Amarillo, tour a museum filled with decorative toilet seats in San Antonio, and feed a beer -drinking goat in Lajitas. Essays. Introduction: Have. Amarillo, Texas , Bidet , Roadside attraction 1416 Words | 4 Pages. Alberto Alvarado Professor Kenneth Lee Comm 101 - Spring 2012 Informative Speech Outline April 15th 2012 A Piece of the . Puzzle General Purpose: To Inform Specific Purpose: By the end of my speech the audience will be able to tell people certain things about autistic people. Thesis Statement: It is difficult living with autism Introduction A. In School. Attention-getter: It was the Saturday before our topic choice was due, for compulsory donation essays, professor Lee’s class. I was stressing, I could not figure out. Asperger syndrome , Autism , Autism spectrum 699 Words | 3 Pages. Cardiology. INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL, VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY HANOI. INFORMATIVE SPEECH OUTLINE . Name: Tran Thi Huong Class: VISK2010D Subject: Public speaking BRAIN FRUIT General Purpose: To inform Specific Purpose: To inform my audience about four kinds of fruits which provide health benefits that affect the brain: cherries, blueberries, grapes and compulsory donation essays, apples.

Central Idea : Those fruits. Apple , Brain , Cognition 599 Words | 4 Pages. Cardiology Studies. Christopher Ginn September 26, 2010 Ms. Sherry Stancil CO201-05 Informative Speech Outline . “An Unknown Hero” General Purpose: To inform Specific Purpose: To inform my audience about. Chronological Order Introduction: Attention Getter: “I cannot change yesterday. I can only make the most of today. Compulsory Organ Essays. And look with hope toward tomorrow. I live for tomorrow.” Listener Relevance Link: Generally in African American. African American , Baseball , Black people 533 Words | 3 Pages. ?Name - Stephanie Mogaria Type of letter for job in school, Speech - Informative Speech Topic - The Taj Mahal Specific purpose (why you are . Essays. here) - I am here to give my audience some factual information on the Taj Mahal. Chapter 8. Central Idea - Some people know the Taj Mahal as a tourist attraction, but many do not know that it is compulsory organ essays, actually a mausoleum created by in school Shah Jahan to show love for essays, his queen.

Introduction - Throughout the dawn of humanity, several traits have allowed the human species to chapter, strive in organ, the biosphere. One being. Agra , Aurangzeb , Jahangir 751 Words | 2 Pages. Below you will find a list of 125 of german marshall fund competition, 250 potential informative speech topics. Be sure to analyze your audience and organ donation, time limit . Carlyle Charlotte Strouse Thomas Writings. before selecting a topic. These topics can be used as they are, or you might have to make them more precise to suit the situation (available time, class requirements, etc.). 1. How nuclear power works 2. The biography of your favorite actor 3. How to make pizza 4. Organ Donation. The history of comic books 5. How to change your car’s oil 6. The story of how your school was founded . World War Two Essay. Deep sea fish , Prime number 656 Words | 4 Pages. February 11, 2013 Informative speech Topic: Doing a speech . General purpose: to inform. Specific Purpose: . to donation essays, inform my audience about how to learn guitar.

Introduction I. Greeting, and telling the cardiology case topic II. Attention getter (Some chords) III. Credibility statement: How are people expectations about guitar IV. The speech is about how to enjoy playing guitar V. Main points Learn the donation basics Find your musical world Body I. Learn the basics 1. How to start. Acoustic bass guitar , Acoustic guitar , Blues 771 Words | 4 Pages. Informative Speech Outline Chicken Pox 1.Intro A. Responsibility To Protect The Environment Essay. When I was a little girl, I used to get mosquito bites all over compulsory essays my . body; I used to complain to my mom that I had the chicken pox. She explained to me that that was impossible because I had the chicken pox as an infant and could never catch it again. But for someone who hasn’t had the chicken pox, it is important to know what it is, its symptoms, its phases, its prevention and treatments. 2.Body A. What is it? . German Marshall Fund Essay Competition. Blister , Chickenpox , Herpes zoster 613 Words | 3 Pages.

Outline for Informative Speech Compulsive Hoarding Specific Purpose: At the end of my speech my audience . will know about compulsory organ essays compulsive hoarding. I will inform them what hoarding is, the carlyle norman strouse thomas signs and symptoms and as well as treatments for hoarding. Organ. Introduction 1. Compulsive Hoarding is considered to be a clinical syndrome reported to affect approximately 3 million Americans across the United States. We believe however, that these statistics are highly underrepresented due to the difficulty. Clinical psychology , Compulsive hoarding , Mayo Clinic 692 Words | 6 Pages. ? Ana Lee SPC 1017 MW 11A Informative Speech Topic: Exercise And Fitness General Purpose: To Inform the . audience the benefits of exercise and fitness Specific Purpose: After hearing my speech , I want my audience to know the importance of exercise and how it is beneficial for letter application in school, your body and immune system Thesis: Exercise and fitness are essential to the overall well being of people and provides many health benefits for everyone of all ages Introduction I. Attention Getter. Compulsory Donation. Exercise , Health , Health care 799 Words | 4 Pages. Speech 101 10/22/2010 Informative Speech The Symptoms of Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder General . Purpose: To inform Specific Purpose: After hearing my speech , my audience will know more about the symptoms of in school, Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder. Thesis: Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder is a disorder which involves an obsession with perfection, rules, and organization, which leads to routines and compulsory donation essays, rules for essay oliver twist 8, ways of organ essays, doing things.

Organization Pattern: Topical Introduction . Compulsive hoarding , Mental disorder , Obsessive–compulsive disorder 1281 Words | 4 Pages. ?COMM 100-06 Informative Speech Outline Title: MEDIA AND YOU Speaker: Specific Purpose: At the end of my . For Job In School. speech , the audience will be able to take steps to compulsory organ, ensure they and it is everyone's responsibility to protect essay, their loved ones are using social networking sites to organ essays, their full advantage. Central Idea: Time is money and a huge aspect in our lives which we cannot rewind so we must use it wisely and efficiently especially in regards to the time spent on social networking sites to have a positive impact on our lives. Introduction. Facebook , Internet , MySpace 690 Words | 3 Pages. Keelyn McInroe Mrs.

Williams COMM 1310 Online Informative Speech Title: The Trombone Specific Purpose: After hearing my . speech , the audience will have a basic understanding of the history of the trombone, types of oliver twist 8, trombones, how to put it together, and how to play it. Thesis: The trombone is a historical instrument, modified and donation, used in many genres of music. Introduction: Many people misunderstand the beauty of music, and america world, more importantly, the power of compulsory essays, it. Responsibility The Environment Essay. In the words of organ, Plato, “Music gives. Big band , Brass instrument , Music 848 Words | 3 Pages. Informative Speech Formal Outline Title: Japan and world, the city of Shibuya Topic: The City of Shibuya Specific Purpose: To . inform my colleagues about some of the regulations and reliable information of the city, Shibuya. How Japan can be a cool place too. Thesis Statement: Before we judge people by their looks and compulsory, what race they might be. Its important to understand where they come from and world, what they have been through. Introduction Attention Materials: In the movie “Tokyo Drift”, Shibuya.

Aoyama Gakuin University , Hachiko , Japan 557 Words | 3 Pages. List of Informative Speech Topics People/Celebrity Topics •Biography of an actor, author, painter, politician or the life of compulsory, . some influential person who has an important place in for job application in school, history E.g.: Life of Bill Gates, Life of Virginia Woolf etc. •Stories of real life heroes E.g. Heroes of organ essays, 9/11 •Biography of some scientist, key inventions and how he/she changed the face of the world •Your favorite television/movie/cartoon character or any other famous personality that you like •Life of serial. Iraq War , Personality psychology , Self-esteem 610 Words | 4 Pages. ?Project In Speech and cardiology case, Oral Comm. Submitted by: Course/Section: Marinela Pineda BSTM-H2T Submitted to: Dr.

Antonio Yango . INFORMATIVE SPEECH Good evening. Tonight, I can report to the American people and to the world that the United States has conducted an operation that killed Osama bin Laden, the leader of al Qaeda, and a terrorist who’s responsible for the murder of thousands of innocent men, women, and children. It was nearly 10 years ago that a bright September day. Compulsory Donation Essays. Al-Qaeda , Ayman al-Zawahiri , Islamic terrorism 2427 Words | 7 Pages. M Kelper Informative Speech Formal Outline Introduction OWI – Beyond the oliver 8 northern boundary of India, where mighty Mount . Everest stands tall like a guardian sentinel, is the mysterious land of Tibet-a mystical, faraway land of intense cold, sweltering heat, rugged mountains, and steep valleys-a country where conditions are hard on man and compulsory, beast alike due to these extreme conditions. Thesis –Today, I’m going to provide you with information on one of those “beasts”, the breed of dog, the. Dog , Dog breed , Himalayas 503 Words | 3 Pages. Informative Speech Title: Child Care General Purpose: To inform Specific purpose: I want my audience to be informed of child . care facilities Central purpose: I want my audience to be aware that they can save money I. Introduction Six months ago, corporate daycare facilities were cleaning out it is everyone's responsibility the environment, my bank account. I was losing the ability to pay for compulsory donation essays, gas, rent and my utilities because all my money was going towards my son’s weekly daycare tuition. My parents could help me scrap on by here and. Babysitting , Child care , Childcare 1445 Words | 4 Pages.

?EXAMPLE OF INFORMATIVE SPEECH OUTLINE Jessica Melendez Informative Outline Topic: McDonalds General Purpose: To . Inform Specific Purpose: To inform my audience about McDonalds. Thesis: It is edition historical strouse writings, important for us to organ donation, know some of the background information about McDonalds because we are surrounded by them. I. Introduction A. Charlotte Edition Essay Historical Norman Thomas. Attention Getter: Did you know that the McDonalds arches are more recognized than the cross? B. Thesis: It is important for us to know some of the compulsory background information about McDonalds. Big Mac , Fast food restaurant , French fries 939 Words | 4 Pages. ? Informative Speech Have you ever wondered why you communicate better with some people than others or why some jobs seem more . appealing to for job, you. Organ Donation Essays. Or maybe, you are super detail-oriented and organized and it drives you crazy when your partner in german essay competition, the group work isn't. As much as we often get frustrated with others in our life who dont think the same way we do. As much as we like to think we are right. The truth is our personality types are just different.

Today, we will be looking at Myers-Brigss. Carl Jung , Extraversion and introversion , Feeling 1029 Words | 3 Pages. ?Carolyn I. Prevost Informative Speech 09/29/2014 Informative Outline Topic: Turning food waste and donation, poo into . German Competition. Money General Purpose: To Inform Specific Purpose: To inform my audience about a new Technology which could possible save the environment and organ donation essays, money. Thesis: Americans waste more than 251 million tons of municipal solid waste per year according to the United States Environmental. Protection agency http://www.epa.gov/epawaste/nonhaz/municipal/index.htm Last updated on historical norman thomas writings, 2/28/2014. Organ Essays. It is time. Anaerobic digestion , Low-carbon economy , Recycling 1157 Words | 4 Pages. ?Northern Caribbean University College of Humanities, Behavioural and Social Sciences Department of Communication Studies Informative . Speech Outline In partial fulfillment of the requirements of the course COMM 251: Oral Communication Instructor: Ralna Simmonds By: Samantha Reid 60100155 Section A 12/02/2015 Topic: Should I blame Mommy and Daddy? Introduction: Fourteen year old Stacy-Ann is five months pregnant. Her twenty-eight year old mother is german marshall fund essay, unemployed and she rarely sees her.

Childhood , Family , Father 830 Words | 5 Pages. Informative Speech Specific Purpose: To inform my audience the three major uses of Turmeric. Central Idea: Three major uses of . Essays. turmeric are anti-oxidant, colorant, and anti-septic. Essay. Introduction: I. Essays. Has anyone heard of any spices that are used as an anti-oxidant, colorant, and cardiology, an anti-septic? Perhaps you are the person who likes to compulsory essays, visit doctor in case of small injuries or likes to spend money to buy an antiseptic cream. What if by knowing the name and its uses could save you hundreds of money. Bacteria , Color , Curcumin 956 Words | 3 Pages. Informative Speech So who here loves to travel? I personally love to travel and see new places, I have yet to travel . Application In School. overseas into Europe, but it’s definitely on my list of new adventures. Compulsory Donation. I have been to parts of responsibility to protect, Mexico countless times,(like Cancun and Cabo San Lucas) and to the Virgin Islands a couple of organ, times,( St. German Essay. Croix was the island I visited), and then I went to Costa Rica for about a month a couple of summers ago, and compulsory organ essays, stayed in Ocotal, which is the very western side of everyone's responsibility essay, Costa Rica.

Cultural tourism , Culture , Jefferson Davis 1044 Words | 3 Pages. ? Informative Speech with Visual Aids Outline Specific Purpose: To inform my audience about compulsory organ donation extreme beauty practices in . America During Essay. different cultures. INTRODUCTION I. I am pretty sure most of you here have heard the old saying that “Beauty is compulsory donation essays, Pain.” II. We wake up striving to look better or beautiful everyday more and america during essay, more. III. That is because as human beings we tend to be very visual and observe the look of a person before finding out who they really are.

IV. Donation Essays. So, today I will be sharing with you a. Body modification , Body piercing , Cosmetic surgery 758 Words | 3 Pages. ? INFORMATIVE SPEECH MULTICULTURALISM Title : The top 10 food that a foreigner must try in Malaysia. General Purpose : To . inform the audience of what food that a foreigner must try in Malaysia. Specific Purpose : Top 10 food that a foreigner must try in certain states in everyone's responsibility to protect the environment essay, Malaysia. Thesis Statement : This speech will inform the audience of why a foreigner must . Curry , Laksa , Malaysia 1203 Words | 5 Pages. Janvier Nshimyumuremyi Formal Outline Informative Speech I. Introduction a. “Only 5% of sufferers know they have it” . –Green.

I’m talking about celiac disease and 1 in 133 people in the US have it. b. I’m going to inform you about this disease because it seems to compulsory donation, be unknown and if left untreated it is very harmful. c. Celiac disease is when you cannot eat gluten and a lot of people have no idea that they even have it. d. Twist Chapter. Today I’m going to tell you how this affects your body, they symptoms. Coeliac disease , Disease , Gluten 714 Words | 4 Pages. Organ Donation. ? Informative Speech This place was built in a swamp, there used to be no reason to go there unless you wanted to buy oranges. In School. . Now, this place is best known for its wonderful attractions. Because of this place, hotels, restaurants and essays, stores have been built around it. From Cinderella’s castle at the Magic Kingdom, to Mission: SPACE at EPCOT, to Festival of the it is to protect essay Lion King at the Animal Kingdom. Disney World is the place to be.

Although many may know the different things to do and places to be at this. Disneyland Park , Epcot , Magic Kingdom 1103 Words | 4 Pages. Informative Speech Outline I. Introduction A. Compulsory. Attention Getter: Video of iPhone ad. . http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V4IRsCjMqdI B. Background and Audience Relevance: Most people in america during essay, this class have smart phones and most of those smart phones happen to be iPhones. iPhones can do more things than most people know, and now days most people cannot live without their iPhones. C. Speaker Credibility: As an iPhone owner of 2 years, I have learned a lot about what iPhones can do and why me and most. App Store , Apple Inc. , IPhone 911 Words | 3 Pages. Donation Essays. ? Informative Speech Outline Title: ESRB General Purpose Statement: To inform my audience about the game rating.

Specific . Purpose Statement: Not every game is suitable for us. There is a rating guide for every game. Marshall Fund. Attention Getter- I believe you guys have played video game in compulsory organ donation essays, your life. Have your guys looked at the small logo at the bottom of the gaming box or the introduction from the official website? There is a small logo to german marshall essay competition, tell who are suitable to buy or play the game. Thesis Statement-. Arcade game , Atari , Entertainment Software Association 768 Words | 4 Pages. Informative Speech Preparation Outline INTRODUCTION Attention Getter: Thousands of donation essays, screaming fans are on their feet . fingers crossed.

Forty four second left on the basketball game N.C. Cardiology Case Studies. State fifty two, Houston fifty two. Essays. A dangerous pass is application, almost stolen by Houston. Twenty two seconds left. Sidney passes to Bailey in the corner. Bailey throws it too Whittenburg, FIVE second left.

Whittenburg shoots a prayer from organ donation, thirty feet. THREE seconds …TWO seconds, the ball looks to be short and it is responsibility the environment, all hope. Atlantic Coast Conference , NC State Wolfpack men's basketball , North Carolina 2057 Words | 6 Pages. ? Title: Information Speech Outline “The Evolution of Animation” Subject Code: USEL 23 - Speech Communication . Prepared For: Datin Minda Hassan Prepared By: Nur Rabiatul Adawiyah Bt Mohd Nor Kamarudin (1411170007) Class: Oregon Program: ADFP Summer 2014 Preparation Outline Informative Speech “The Evolution of Animation – From 2D Animation to compulsory donation, 3D Animation” General Purpose: To inform Specific Purpose: To inform my audience the fund essay competition evolution of animation. Central. 3D computer graphics , Animation , Computer animation 1255 Words | 5 Pages. Essays. Informative Speech Outline Introduction Attention Device: You use them every day; they are everywhere and are more important . than you think. “Lighting is essay strouse thomas, a $37 billion industry in the U.S. Experts estimate that there are more than 4 billion light-bulb-requiring fixtures and appliances in compulsory, homes and workplaces throughout the world war two U.S., Of course all those light bulbs need a huge amount of electricity to work properly.” (Light bulbs). Topic Revelation Statement: Today I will inform you about light.

Compact fluorescent lamp , Fluorescent lamp , Incandescent light bulb 910 Words | 3 Pages. ?[TEMPLATE FOR AN INFORMATIVE SPEECH PREPARATION OUTLINE] The Effects of Disney Films Specific Purpose: To inform my . audience about the different stereotypes Disney portrayed in their movies. Central Idea/Thesis Statement: Different types of stereotypes in Disney movies effect children’s view on organ donation, gender roles. INTRODUCTION I. When you wish upon a star; makes no difference who you are…. Or does it?

If you recognized this classic Disney song, that means you grew up watching Disney during. Animation , Disney Princess , Gender role 1255 Words | 4 Pages. Cardiology. Informative Speech Outline General Purpose: To inform (or teach) Specific Purpose: My purpose is to teach my classmates the . dying art of compulsory essays, book origami. Case Studies. Introduction: Attention Getter: Mothers day is donation essays, coming up, and there is a few options for you to use as gifts. 1. You can spend fifty dollar on flowers just to watch them die in a week.

2. You can buy her chocolates even though most of us are constantly trying to cut back. 4. You can do nothing and carlyle charlotte strouse thomas, look like a jerk. Compulsory Donation Essays. 5. Or can simply spend a. Book , Bookbinding , Hardcover 1061 Words | 3 Pages. Informative Speech Topic: To inform my audience about the process of succeeding in higher education. Thesis Statement: . Motivation, setting goals, and learning and using skill sets are three essential elements for during, succeeding in college. Introduction I. Attention Getter: Do you want to compulsory organ essays, make more money?

A. Do you want to have a more secure career? B. How about a second home? C. What about being able to responsibility, afford to compulsory donation essays, take a vacation. Academic degree , Doctor of Philosophy , Higher education 1296 Words | 6 Pages. Preview of Main Points - Today, I am going to provide you with information on: a. What does it mean to for job in school, become an organ donor? b. Who can become organ . donor? c. Myths about becoming an organ donor d. How you can become an organ donor BODY OF SPEECH I. What does it mean to become an organ donor? a. If you decide to become an organ donor you consent to compulsory organ donation essays, have your organs and carlyle charlotte essay historical norman strouse writings, tissues made available for transplantation upon compulsory organ donation essays, death. b. During. Organs for compulsory organ donation essays, life-saving transplants include the heart, liver. Heart , Human anatomy , Organ 728 Words | 3 Pages. Informative Speech Pediatric Oncology: Leukemia Topic: Leukemia Organization: Topical Specific Purpose: At the end of . my presentation I want my audience to be aware of Leukemia and it is essay, the damage it causes. • Introduction: • Attention Getter: What is Leukemia, Why is Leukemia a big issue? • Relevance Statement: We have all heard of children having cancer and the grief it is for compulsory organ donation essays, a child thats is going through such a deadly disease that causes a lot of disturbance in a physical.

Blood , Bone marrow , Cancer 1097 Words | 5 Pages. ?Cheyenne Duran Comm 20 Kelly Glass October 23, 2013 Informative Speech Outline Topic: Gun Control Organizational pattern: . Topical Specific purpose: To inform my audience about the controversial subject gun control. Oliver Twist Chapter 8. Primary audience outcome: I want my audience to know the two sides on compulsory donation essays, the topic of gun control. Thesis statement: Gun control will create laws and cardiology case, licensing to possess a gun to help decrease crime and fatalities, but also people believe gun control is going against our constitutional. Cannon , Firearm , Gun 1139 Words | 4 Pages. ?Phobias Informative speech Okay, so I want all of you to imagine a giant hairy spider crawling on your arm. It’s not doing any . harm but it is just sitting there; for some of y’all this is your worst nightmare. Donation. If you are one of those people you may have arachnophobia which is the extreme fear of spiders. For some of y’all imagining you are in application, a tight space that is constricting any movement makes you feel very uneasy and organ donation, want to scream; this may be because you have claustrophobia. : “Almost 6.2. Acrophobia , Arachnophobia , Claustrophobia 1001 Words | 3 Pages.

Speaking: Speech and Informative Speeches. Speaking to charlotte historical strouse writings, inform is compulsory essays, one of the most important skills a student can develop. A. Informative speaking is vital to success in business. 1. . In one survey, informative speaking was ranked as the most important speech skill in the workplace. 2. In another survey, 62% of the respondents said they used informative speaking “almost constantly.” B. Nor are people in business the only ones who rely on informative speaking. 1. There are endless situations in case studies, which people need to inform others. Organ Donation. Abstraction , Audience , Concept 1412 Words | 5 Pages.

INFORMATIVE SPEECH (David Hurt, COM 108) Low Pay for Women Compared to essay chapter, Men in organ, America How much did you pay for your car? . Did you know that the difference between an average man and women’s salary is enough to cardiology case studies, purchases a new automobile in America. Compulsory Organ Donation. Below I’m going to discuss the during world war two essay pay gaps, Educational aspects with men and women, and why this issue is world wide. In order to better understand this issue of pay between men and women look at your wife’s or husband’s pay and you’ll see the. Discrimination , Gender , Glass ceiling 981 Words | 4 Pages. COMM: 110 Mrs. Erlandson October 9th 2013 Formal Outline Informative Presentation about Lance Armstrong Introduction: 1. Attention . Getter: There’s a moment in compulsory donation essays, almost every one’s life when they learn how to ride a bicycle without training wheels.

For some it’s a stepping stone and for other it’s a moment which leads them into an athletic pathway of essay oliver twist 8, worldwide fame, without even knowing about it. 2. Listener Relevance: Almost anyone, if not everyone in this room has ridden a bicycle before. Alberto Contador , Alpe d'Huez , Eddy Merckx 723 Words | 3 Pages. Further Understanding Teenage Suicide. An Informative Speech Attention Grabber: According to Jay Schleifer in his book, . Everything You Need to Know About Teen Suicide, “approximately 5000 teens take their lives each year, three times what it was in 1960” (Schleifer, 1988, p.12). Thesis: The thought of suicide can enters someone’s head at any given age. I. Introduction a. Think about how bad someone can feel emotionally, physically, and mentally to go through the compulsory donation process of ending with their. Adolescence , Bipolar disorder , Major depressive disorder 936 Words | 3 Pages. German Fund Essay Competition. Derek McGowan CA105 Informative Speech Today we will dig into organ essays, the topic of whether or not we should use the case studies Death . Penalty to punish criminals. Capital Punishment can do a lot towards deterring future crimes, but it also not a finished product. I am going to show the positives and organ, negatives of the Death Penalty and application, you can decide what side you’re on.

The Bible speaks on the idea of “an eye for an eye, a tooth for compulsory organ, a tooth.” You could make the case that the america world war two essay Death Penalty abides by this. Capital punishment , Capital punishment in the United States , Crime 1967 Words | 6 Pages. not only because of his theories that have changed mankind in today’s society but also because of his contributions to science, mathematics, optics, and . physics (Internal summary/Transition to conclusion): Conclusion I. Summary of organ, Speech Theme: Without Sir Isaac Newton's theories it is not likely humanity would have reached the Moon or that the TV or even the radio would have been invented. II. Review (each main point): First I have demonstrated a few of Newton’s discoveries and. Binomial theorem , History of science , Isaac Newton 831 Words | 3 Pages.

Speech #1 Part 1: Contents Section: 1. During War Two Essay. Title- Struggle from the Start 2. General Purpose- To Inform 3. Specific Purpose- To inform my . audience that arthritis is not just a condition for the elderly. 4. Thesis Statement- Being diagnosed with arthritis affected my childhood, my athletics, and it will continue to affect my future. Part 2: Speech Outline: 1. Introduction a. Attention getter- “Juvenile arthritis is one of the most common childhood diseases in the United States.” b. Donation. Common. Affect , High school , Middle age 620 Words | 3 Pages. first man into space. German Fund. iii. His name was Yuri Gagarin. 1. Compulsory Donation. The launch happened on April 12, 1961. 2. He was in orbit for . 108 minutes. d. Kennedy then declares a “Moon Race.” iv. “We choose the letter for job application in school Moon” speech on September 12, 1962. v. “I believe that this nation should commit itself to achieving the goal, before this decade is compulsory organ, out, of landing a man on the moon and it is everyone's responsibility essay, returning him safely to compulsory organ donation, the earth.” e. President Kennedy proposed that the.

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We Test the Anova, Sansaire, and Nomiku Sous Vide Circulators. [Photographs: J. Kenji Lopez-Alt] It's been the year of the inexpensive water circulator. Previously, heating water circulators—the devices used to maintain the compulsory donation, temperature of everyone's responsibility to protect a water bath to 1/10th of a degree accuracy for sous-vide cooking—went for several hundred dollars. This year, three new devices targeted at organ the home cook have been released, all of them available for under $300. It seems that sous-vide cooking has finally come home.

But how do the three stack up against each other? For the last few weeks I've been testing all three devices side by side, cooking with them in every type of situation a home cook is likely to run into (and some they aren't). Essay. Here's a feature-by-feature breakdown of the testing. Both the donation essays, Anova and oliver twist chapter 8 the Nomiku can be ordered immediately through the links provided, while the Sansaire will be ready to ship in compulsory essays January. I tested the for job in school, accuracy of each of the compulsory organ, circulators by heating up 4 gallons of water to 140°F and testing the temperature of the water using multiple thermometers.

Once they'd reached their final holding temperature, all three units were accurate to within 2/10ths of a degree when measured at the water output port. I also tested temperature at oliver chapter various points around the water bath to confirm that the compulsory organ donation essays, circulators were moving the water around enough to even out marshall fund essay, any temperature differentials. All three managed 4 gallons of water with no problem. The one odd thing I noticed was that during the actual heating phase of the process, the Nomiku consistently registered temperatures that were 3 to donation 4°F higher than the for job application, actual water temperature. I'm not sure if this is a hardware or firmware issue, but in any case, so long as you only compulsory care about the final holding temperature, it doesn't seem to america during war two make much difference to overall operations. The wattage of the heater in the device is donation essays, a pretty good indication of how fast it'll bring water up to temperature (all three devices sport 1,000 watt heating elements), but design elements such as flow and temperature regulation algorithms can all effect how rapidly a circulator will heat. I tested each of the devices by timing how long it took to german marshall fund essay competition bring 4 gallons of compulsory organ donation essays water from 80°F from 140°F. The Sansaire was the fastest, taking only essay oliver 16 minutes to complete the job.

The Anova came in second, taking 20 minutes. The Nomiku came on strong right out of the gate, getting to above 139°F in just 16 minutes, but that final 1°F took an additional 7 minutes to achieve, putting it at organ donation a total time of 23 minutes. All water circulators have minimum and in school maximum water levels for operation. Organ Essays. The minimum ensures that water is being taken in by the input port so that the german fund essay competition, heater doesn't overheat. The maximum is to ensure that water-sensitive circuitry doesn't get wet. These relative minimum and maximum fill-lines can influence what vessels you can use to compulsory organ donation cook with. A wider range with lower lows and higher highs is generally better. Having a wide range is also important if long-cooking foods are on cardiology case, the agenda. At 150° in a metal pot with a 10-inch diameter, 2 gallons of water will drop in height by about an inch every 8 hours due to evaporation in my apartment. Compulsory Organ Essays. Covering the top with foil or plastic wrap can cut this down, but the possibility that the water level will drop below the minimum line during an extended cook is a very real one. All three devices have built-in automatic shut-offs if this happens, so there's no danger of breaking your device, but you are definitely in danger of ruining a cooking project if your bagged food ends up sitting in america during world tepid water because the circulator shut off.

For this reason, a wide water level range is very important if prolonged cooking is on your agenda. Both the Sansaire and Anova have ranges that span 3 1/2 inches or larger, while the nomiku's range is only 1 1/4 inches. The Sansaire has a minimum fill line of 2.75 inches and a maximum fill of 6.5 inches. (3.75 inches total). The Anova has a minimum fill line of 2.75 inches and a maximum fill of 6.25 inches. Donation Essays. (3.5 inches total). The Nomiku has a minimum fill line of 3.5 inches and marshall fund a maximum fill of organ 4.75 inches. (1.25 inches total). When judging this section, I asked myself these questions: Are the controls intuitive and carlyle charlotte strouse thomas writings easy to operate?

How long does it take me to get the unit set up and organ essays ready to cook? Are there any extraneous features that distract from the overall experience? Does it give me quick and easy-to-read feedback? Here are my thoughts: The Sansaire uses a rotating dial at the top of the unit to adjust temperature.

Its readout is large, easy to read (even from across the room or in german marshall essay competition a dark kitchen), and has no extraneous information. Think of this as the Apple of circulators: well designed, stripped down, and minimalist. There are three buttons: a power button, a °F/°C switch, and a button that tells you the target temperature the unit is set to (the readout tells you the actual temperature unless you are adjusting the temperature ring or you press the target temp button). The dial is intuitive though the resolution of adjustment is very sensitive, making it a little tough to hit the compulsory donation essays, exact temperature you want. I felt like I was turning the shower knob where the difference between too hot and too cold was only a hair's width. Case. Bonus points for having an always-on temperature display. It gives me peace of mind when I can glance across the kitchen in the middle of a long, slow cook and know that everything is compulsory essays, going right. The Anova has a touch screen monitor with a number of more advanced functions that let you adjust temperature (in °F or °C) and cook time, as well as get diagnostic reports of how the system is functioning. 8. The pixelated screen and touch interface makes me confident that in the future, firmware upgrades might increase its functionality even more.

For instance, it'd be nice to have programmable cook settings which would let you cook a chicken breast at 145°F for a couple hours then drop the temperature down to a safe holding range of donation 130°F, which would allow you to start cooking in the morning and have properly cooked meat when you get home from work, even if you're late getting home. The interface does require you to make more button presses from startup to cook compared to the Sansaire or the Nomiku, so if ultimate simplicity is important to you, you may not be happy with the Anova's interface. It also has a screen auto-shutoff, which requires you to touch the screen in order to confirm target and actual temperatures during a cook. The Nomiku's controls are a blend of the essay 8, two, with a small touch screen readout that also presents system diagnostics, and a rotating green temperature knob around the perimeter. The knob on compulsory organ essays, the Nomiku runs on german marshall fund, an infrared sensor and has dynamically shifting resolution, which means that if you turn it fast, it'll make rapid jumps, but turn it slow and compulsory organ you can easily make small 1/10th of a degree adjustments (think of it like the scroll wheel on chapter 8, an iPod in terms of organ donation dynamic resolution).

The Sansaire is great if you like simplicity, the it is everyone's to protect the environment, Anova is the most adaptable, and compulsory organ the Nomiku lands in the middle. The clip is what keeps the unit secured to the side of cardiology case studies your cooking vessel. When judging the clip, I was looking for organ essays, one that felt sturdy and clamped securely. It Is To Protect The Environment. I don't want to worry about knocking the unit into the water bath by compulsory organ accidentally bumping the cooking vessel as I walk by, and I don't want something that looks or feels like it might break off or bend with repeated use. The Sansaire has a spring-loaded metal clip that looks something like a giant hair clip. It has adjustable width. It also feels a little flimsy for the weight of the carlyle strouse thomas writings, overall product, but the Sansaire has the added advantage of a wide, stable-feeling base, so the clip is really just a precautionary measure during use. The clip reaches all the way down to less than an inch above the bottom of the unit, which means that you can clip it onto basically any size pot.

The Anova has a rubberized screw that allows you to get a very firm lock onto pots and containers of any width up to an inch or so. Compulsory Organ Donation Essays. You can move your container around with absolutely no fear of the Anova tipping over or moving around. Its only problem is that it's not heigh-adjustable, which means that your pots need to have a minimum height of about 7 inches if you want to attach the unit securely. The Nomiku has a rubberized plastic clip that feels nice and it is everyone's responsibility the environment essay secure, though it's not actually powerful enough to hold the unit against a pot without letting it slip down. Like the Anova, pot size is organ, limited to a minimum height of about 6 inches or so.

All three units are relatively quiet (I had them running in my kitchen with the door open while I took a nap on the couch about 20 feet away and could barely hear them), but the Nomiku is the loudest of the three. I've heard reports from other users that occasionally the Nomiku's stirring wand makes little scraping noises against the base of the unit, though I haven't noticed this in my own model. Category Winner: Sansaire and Anova. Both the Sansaire and Anova have recommended maximum container capacities of 22 liters (5.8 gallons), while the carlyle historical norman strouse thomas, Nomiku is designed for compulsory organ donation essays, containers up to 20 liters (5 gallons). In reality, these numbers are estimates. Charlotte Edition Strouse. Insulation, outside temperature, and water flow can affect how efficiently they heat.

For what it's worth, I did test each unit at its full capacity using a beer cooler as my heating vessel while cooking a dozen 6 ounce portions of protein. All performed as well as advertised. Category Winner: Sansaire and Anova. In this category, I considered my overall user experience. Are there features that I like about one more than another? Does the unit feel like it's built to last? Is it attractive? Does it store and essays set up easily? Sansaire : The greatest advantage the Sansaire has over the Anova and charlotte essay strouse thomas writings the Nomiku is better drainage at the bottom of the unit. Compulsory Organ Donation Essays. This means you can lift the Sansaire out of the water and within a few seconds, all excess water will drip out, allowing you to rest it on a kitchen towel or drying matt to drip-dry on its own.

The downside of the twist 8, Sansaire? Its all-plastic chassis feels a little fragile. I can imagine the casing cracking with an accidental spill, or perhaps the clips that hold that back panel in place cracking off with normal opening and closing for donation, cleaning. German Marshall Fund. This hasn't happened to me yet, but I can see it happening down the compulsory organ donation, road. Anova : This thing feels solid as a rock.

It's heavy, sturdy, and just a really tight feeling piece of hardware. Case. It's made by a company with a long history of high-quality products, which shows in its no-nonsense, solid design. In terms of organ functionality, it's the only unit that lets you adjust the direction of water output, and the easiest to responsibility to protect essay open up for cleaning or maintenance. The impeller is all-metal and built to compulsory organ donation essays last. Nomiku : Another tight feeling piece of it is the environment essay hardware, the oddest design choice might be the power brick that is always attached to the main unit. It'd be nice if that power brick were attached to the cord that plugs into the outlet, reducing the compulsory organ, storage profile of the unit itself. Opening and competition closing the compulsory organ donation essays, Nomiku is also not possible, which means if you accidentally break a bag and gunk gets up in there. you're out of luck. I tested reliability over the course of a 72-hour cook with all three units. The final copies I received of all three devices performed without flaw.

The only essay reliability issues I've had with any unit were with an early tester copy of the Sansaire, which would inexplicably shut down after a few moments of cooking. To be fair, the unit had been used by compulsory organ several other testers before me and was quickly replaced with a new unit (and an apology). Since then I've had no problems at all. The Nomiku offers a nice feature: it tells you if there were any power interruptions during a prolonged cook. It won't tell you how long the interruption lasted or if your food dipped down into everyone's to protect the environment dangerous territory, but it's at least one layer of feedback that the others don't offer. Water circulators all require occasional cleaning even with careful use to remove lime scale from hard water. All you have to do is run the machines with a de-scaler in organ donation essays the water for everyone's responsibility essay, a few minutes. Easy. The bigger problem is essays, if a bag breaks and gunk leaks out into the circulating water. During World War Two. Both the Sansaire and Anova feature a removable chassis, which makes cleaning out after a disaster relatively easy. This is organ donation, not possible with the Nomiku.

Category Winner: Sansaire and Anova. The Sansaire and Anova both sell for it is the environment, $199, while the Nomiku goes for compulsory donation essays, $299. It really depends on your needs. Oliver Twist 8. All three are strong products that, for the most part work. work as advertised, and any problems I've had with them were quickly solved either by troubleshooting with the manual, or emailing the manufacturers. I can't tell you for sure whether my personal experiences were identical to what others can expect, but from essays all reports I've heard, customer service for all three products has been responsive and helpful thus far. The larger size and faster heating of the german marshall fund competition, Anova and the Sansaire will appeal to more serious cooks and chefs who have big projects planned, while the more compact design and compulsory donation essays cuter look of the Nomiku makes it a better option for more casual home cooks who are looking to cook smaller meals and host the occasional larger party. The lower price point of the Anova and charlotte edition essay historical norman thomas Sansaire is very appealing to me, and personally I prefer the slightly smaller profile of the Anova—it lets me slip it into a cabinet just a bit more easily than the bulkier Sansaire. You should also ask yourself which interface you like.

The Sansaire and Nomiku are simpler to operate, but the Anova has more potential for features down the road. As for organ, me? With all three devices currently residing in my kitchen, I've found myself reaching for edition essay historical, the Anova most often. All devices are available for online order and delivery. About the author : J. Kenji Lopez-Alt is the Chief Creative Officer of donation Serious Eats where he likes to explore the science of oliver twist chapter home cooking in his weekly column The Food Lab. You can follow him at @thefoodlab on Twitter, or at The Food Lab on Facebook.

J. Kenji Lopez-Alt is the Managing Culinary Director of Serious Eats, and author of the James Beard Award-nominated column The Food Lab, where he unravels the organ donation essays, science of home cooking. A restaurant-trained chef and former Editor at Cook's Illustrated magazine, his first book, The Food Lab: Better Home Cooking Through Science is a New York Times Best-Seller, the charlotte edition historical thomas, recipient of a James Beard Award, and was named Cookbook of the Year in 2015 by the International Association of Culinary Professionals. Your comment has been accepted and will appear in organ essays a moment. Post whatever you want, just keep it seriously about eats, seriously. We reserve the right to german marshall fund delete off-topic or inflammatory comments. Learn more in the Comment Policy section of our Terms of Use page.

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8 Applicant Tracking System Secrets You Need to Know. What if I said you could triple your chances of getting a job interview with almost no effort. Compulsory Organ Donation? At Jobscan, we’ve found that job seekers who use applicant tracking system keywords within their resumes can triple their chances of marshall competition getting an interview. This post includes what you need to know about ATS systems and writing a resume that#8217;s ready for ATS. Compulsory? If you have a specific job in mind, you can start by trying our tool for free right here. Raise your hand if this sounds familiar: you’ve found the perfect job, you’ve spent days injecting your resume with high-impact action verbs and evidence-backed accomplishments, and you’re confident about carlyle edition essay historical norman thomas your chances. Ready to put your best foot forward, you loop back to the job posting in search of the organ donation, recruiter’s email address, only to during world war two, find a blue “apply now” button in its place.

You take the bait—you’ve come this far, after all—and realize you’ve run full speed into essays job hunter purgatory: the essay oliver twist, applicant tracking system. The key to understanding applicant tracking systems rests in understanding the hiring process itself. Organ? This is actually a pretty common scenario: For most of letter for job application us, the organ donation essays, applicant tracking system doesn’t cross our mind until it’s staring us right in the face. But here’s the scary part: In the scenario above, what you do next has the america world essay, chance to make or break your chances of donation getting a job interview. That’s right: career progression, chances of landing your dream job, that potentially huge salary boost#8230;they all depend on your ATS resume strategy. Throw caution to the wind and move ahead with your application, as-is. It Is Responsibility To Protect? Spend a few minutes or hours perfecting any required application questions, and donation essays then submit the same resume to letter for job, the application tracking system. Hit the pause button and think about compulsory organ donation how to beat applicant tracking systems; cross-reference your resume with the original job description using Jobscan; and re-work the details just to be safe. If we’re honest, most of us will probably choose Option 1 or 2. Heck, I’m a former recruiter, and I’ve done it before!

The problem? Option 1 and it is everyone's essay 2 negatively impact your chances of getting an organ donation essays interview. It’s like spending your entire life training for world essay the Olympics, finally qualifying, and then getting denied at the airport check-in counter because you forgot to book a plane ticket. The thing is, with a bit of organ donation essays time, a little knowledge, and the right tools, you can make a massive difference in your job search. As in, triple your chances of getting an everyone's responsibility the environment interview massive. Have I got your attention? Good. Here are all the things you need to know about donation essays writing your resume for an applicant tracking system.

Secret 1: Writing an ATS resume takes planning. Remember back in letter application in school the day—think Don Draper and Mad Men— when you had to get past the secretary if you wanted a meeting with the executive? Well, in 2015, you have to compulsory essays, get past the applicant tracking system if you want an interview with the recruiter. And sadly, applicant tracking systems can’t be bought with martinis and case flowers. Brushing off the importance of applicant tracking puts you at a massive disadvantage in a job search. Donation? While things like your LinkedIn profile, social media presence, personal brand, and cover letter all matter, if your resume ends up bouncing around in the ATS system black hole, the recruiter is never going to know you exist, let alone see your latest post about leadership over on Medium. So what does planning mean, exactly? Secret 2: Applicant tracking system keywords and resume SEO matter. Essay Oliver Twist Chapter 8? As a former recruiter, I get a #8220;friends and organ essays family#8221; resume question at least once a week, and case studies my #1 tip is organ always the same: Before you start writing your resume, make a list of the keywords that are important to your industry and function. For Job Application In School? Before you start writing, plan your applicant tracking system keywords. This is good advice if you’re writing for an actual human being.

After all, recruitment is a time-crunch industry, and compulsory organ donation recruiters rarely read resumes in detail. Beyond that, keywords are critical to writing an ATS resume. You may have heard of search engine optimization (SEO). Cardiology Case? It’s the careful mix of keywords that writers, marketers, and essays website designers use to tell search engines what their website is all about. In 2016, resumes need SEO, too. The keywords you use throughout your resume are what the applicant tracking system uses to assess whether your experience matches the case studies, job. Compulsory Donation? Secret 3: Not all ATS resume keywords are created equal. When you’re writing a resume for ATS recognition, any old keyword won’t do. You need to german marshall competition, use the exact same keywords listed in compulsory organ donation essays the job description.

ATS systems are smart, but at the end of the day, they only find what they’ve been told to look for, and that’s a list of keywords from the cardiology case studies, hiring manager. Consider these three examples of how an ATS can get tripped up: Some ATS can’t distinguish between front-end and front end. Many ATS can’t distinguish between Master of Business Administration , Masters of Business Administration , Master’s of Business Administration and compulsory donation essays MBA. Some companies use different titles and keywords to mean something similar. Essay Twist 8? For example, Project Manager vs. Compulsory Organ? Program Manager. The only it is to protect the environment, way to get around this is to use the exact same language and punctuation as in the job description. And when it comes to abbreviations and acronyms, use the full term first, followed by the shortened term. For example: #8220;Master of Business Administration (MBA).#8221; Secret 4: Keyword placement matters to some applicant tracking systems. When we tested some of the organ, most popular ATS systems out there, we were surprised to find that some applicant tracking systems not only consider what keywords you use, but also where you use them.

Let’s consider Jenn, a fictional management consultant with 15 years of experience: After a number of successes in her current role, Jenn feels it#8217;s time to during, go after her dream job with McKinsey Co. The role she#8217;s looking at requires eight years#8217; consulting experience, and Jenn is confident she#8217;ll be a contender. Organ Donation Essays? Jenn is trying to edition essay strouse, decide between two different versions of her resume. Which should she use? A typical consulting resume consisting of summary and key skills sections, experience listed in reverse chronological order, and education.

Jenn has listed consulting in compulsory her key skills section, and uses variations of the verb consult in her current role, which she’s been in for essay oliver 8 three years. For the remaining 12 years of experience, Jenn uses the compulsory organ essays, synonyms advise , counsel , and guide to keep it fresh. Similar to Resume #1, but in this version, Jenn was under a deadline, and didn#8217;t have time to change the verbs, meaning every role she#8217;s ever had includes a variation of consult. This is a simplified and america world war two example, and donation essays I think you can probably see where this is letter for job application in school going: As far as ATS resume optimization is concerned, Resume #2 is far better. In fact, some ATS systems we#8217;ve tested would interpret Resume #1 as meaning Jenn only has three years#8217; consulting experience, because the keyword only appeared in her most recent job. Secret 5: Resume keyword stuffing is a huge no-no. As with many things in life, when it comes to writing an applicant tracking system (ats) optimized resume, there is such a thing as too much of a good thing. Let me be clear: If you #8220;keyword stuff#8221; your resume, the ATS will red flag it, sending your resume to the black hole of donation essays failure. Having keywords appear more frequently in your resume does translate into a higher ATS ranking—up until a point. As a rule, we recommend using a keyword two to three times per resume, taking placement into account. Secret 6: Your job title matters for applicant tracking systems.

This one can be difficult for candidates to during war two essay, get their heads around, because it feels#8230;wrong. But I promise you professional resume writers do it all the time: tweak job titles to fit the role applied for. Small changes to your job titles can make a big difference with an ATS. Let’s consider Jenn again. Jenn sticks with the titles on her business cards: Business Advisor; Commercial Development Specialist; and Practice Leader, Commercial Advisory. Jenn streamlines her titles to fit the McKinsey Co. Consultant role: Business Advisory Consultant; Commercial Development Consultant; and Consulting Practice Leader, Commercial Advisory. Can you see how those simple changes could make all the difference when it comes to donation essays, applicant tracking systems that are looking for keywords? While ATS are intelligent, and essay oliver becoming more so every year, they still have significant limitations.

When it comes to formatting, font, and document type, #8220;keep it simple#8221; is the best rule to follow. Many applicant tracking systems can#8217;t read tables. As such, they#8217;re best avoided. Organ? Microsoft Word is the safest format for carlyle essay historical norman writings your resume, although many ATS systems will offer guidelines concerning acceptable formats. Compulsory Organ? An applicant tracking system might struggle with non-standard section headers, so it#8217;s best to stick with classics, such as #8220;Work Experience#8221; or #8220;Professional Experience,#8221; and avoid creative titles, such as #8220;What I#8217;ve Done.#8221; I’d be remiss to america world essay, end this post without mentioning something that—while obvious—is easy to forget when you’re focused on beating an ATS system: If you do everything right, your resume will be reviewed by a real person. Organ? In my mind, writing your resume exclusively for an ATS system is like baking a cake just for essay historical norman thomas its looks. I don’t know about you, but I want a cake that looks good and tastes good.

And when it comes to your resume, you need it to do double duty—to both get you past an applicant tracking system, and appeal to human readers. While optimizing your resume for an applicant tracking system isn#8217;t rocket science, it does require careful planning. If you#8217;re concerned about your resume, or simply want to compulsory donation, see how it will perform in an applicant tracking system, be sure to test our resume scanning tool.

essay on media news Robert G. Kaiser. I n 1998, Ralph Terkowitz, a vice president of The Washington Post Co., got to know Sergey Brin and Larry Page, two young Silicon Valley entrepreneurs who were looking for backers. Terkowitz remembers paying a visit to compulsory organ essays the garage where they were working and charlotte edition essay historical strouse writings keeping his car and driver waiting outside while he had a meeting with them about the idea that eventually became Google. An early investment in Google might have transformed the compulsory donation, Post 's financial condition, which became dire a dozen years later, by which time Google was a multi-billion dollar company. But nothing happened. “We kicked it around,” Terkowitz recalled, but the then-fat Post Co. had other irons in oliver chapter, other fires. Such missteps are not surprising. Donation! People living through a time of revolutionary change usually fail to grasp what is going on around them. The American news business would get a C minus or worse from any fair-minded professor evaluating its performance in the first phase of the Digital Age. Big, slow-moving organizations steeped in their traditional ways of german marshall doing business could not accurately foresee the next stages of compulsory organ donation a technological whirlwind. Obviously, new technologies are radically altering the ways in which we learn, teach, communicate, and are entertained.

It is impossible to know today where these upheavals may lead, but where they take us matters profoundly. How the digital revolution plays out over time will be particularly important for journalism, and therefore to america during war two essay the United States, because journalism is the craft that provides the lifeblood of a free, democratic society. The Founding Fathers knew this. They believed that their experiment in self-governance would require active participation by an informed public, which could only be possible if people had unfettered access to information. James Madison, author of the compulsory organ donation, First Amendment guaranteeing freedom of letter in school speech and of the press, summarized the proposition succinctly: “The advancement and compulsory diffusion of knowledge is the only guardian of true liberty.” Thomas Jefferson explained to his French friend, the Marquis de Lafayette, The only security of all is in edition norman strouse thomas, a free press. The force of public opinion cannot be resisted when permitted freely to be expressed.” American journalists cherish another of Jefferson's remarks: “Were it left to me to decide whether we should have a government without newspapers or newspapers without a government, I should not hesitate a moment to prefer the latter.”

The journalistic ethos that animated many of the compulsory organ essays, Founders was embodied by a printer, columnist, and editor from essay oliver chapter 8, Philadelphia named Benjamin Franklin. The printing press, which afforded Franklin his livelihood, remained the engine of American democracy for compulsory donation, more than two centuries. But then, in the second half of the 20th century, new technologies began to undermine long-established means of sharing information. First television and then the computer and the Internet transformed the way people got their news. Nonetheless, even at the end of the century, the business of providing news and during world analysis was still a profitable enough undertaking that it could support large organizations of professional reporters and editors in print and broadcast media. Now, however, in the first years of the 21st century, accelerating technological transformation has undermined the compulsory organ donation, business models that kept American news media afloat, raising the possibility that the great institutions on which we have depended for essay twist 8, news of the world around us may not survive. These are painful words to write for someone who spent 50 years as a reporter and editor at The Washington Post . For the first 15 years of my career, the compulsory essays, Post 's stories were still set in lead type by linotype machines, now seen only in museums.

We first began writing on computers in the late 1970s, which seemed like an unequivocally good thing until the rise of the Internet in cardiology, the 1990s. Then, gradually, the donation, ground began to shift beneath us. By the america during war two, time I retired earlier this year, the Graham family had sold the Post to Jeff Bezos, the founder of Amazon, for $250 million, a small fraction of its worth just a few years before. Donald Graham, the chief executive at the time, admitted that he did not know how to save the newspaper. In fact, digital technology has flummoxed the owners of traditional news media, especially newspapers, from the organ, beginning. Oliver Chapter! For example, in 1983, in organ, the early years of essay oliver twist chapter 8 computerized production of newspapers when almost no one knew what was coming, The New York Times almost committed digital suicide.

The Times decided it only needed to retain the rights to the electronic versions of its stories for 24 hours after publication. To make a little extra money, the Times sold rights to everything older than 24 hours to Mead Data Central, owners of the Lexis-Nexis service. Mead Data Central then sold electronic access to Times stories to law firms, libraries, and the public. By the compulsory donation, early 1990s, as the Internet was becoming functional and popular, this arrangement was a big and everyone's to protect growing problem: newspapers, including the Times , were planning “online,” computerized editions, but the Times had sold control of its own product to Mead Data. Luckily for the country's best newspaper, the Anglo-Dutch firm Reed Elsevier bought Mead Data in 1994. The sale triggered a provision in the original Times -Mead contract that allowed the Times to reclaim the electronic rights to its own stories.

That enabled the Times to put its journalism online in donation, 1995. But putting newspapers online has not remotely restored their profitability. For the moment, The New York Times is making a small profit, but its advertising revenues are not reassuring. The Washington Post made profits of more than $120 million a year in the late 1990s, and today loses money—last year more than $40 million. Newsweek magazine failed, and Time magazine is teetering. Once-strong regional newspapers from Los Angeles to Miami, from Chicago to war two Philadelphia, find themselves in desperate straits, their survival in doubt.

News divisions of the major television networks have been cutting back for more than two decades, and are now but a feeble shadow of their former selves. Overall the economic devastation would be difficult to exaggerate. One statistic conveys its dimensions: the advertising revenue of all America's newspapers fell from $63.5 billion in 2000 to about $23 billion in 2013, and is still falling. Traditional news organizations' financial well-being depended on the willingness of advertisers to pay to reach the mass audiences they attracted. Advertisers were happy to pay because no other advertising medium was as effective.

But in the digital era, which has made it relatively simple to organ donation target advertising in it is to protect essay, very specific ways, a big metropolitan or national newspaper has much less appeal. Compulsory Donation! Internet companies like Google and Facebook are able to during war two essay sort audiences by the most specific criteria, and donation essays thus to offer advertisers the possibility of german spending their money only on ads they know will reach only people interested in organ donation, what they are selling. So Google, the master of targeted advertising, can provide a retailer selling sheets and towels an audience existing exclusively of people who have gone online in the last month to shop for sheets and towels. This explains why even as newspaper revenues have plummeted, the ad revenue of carlyle charlotte norman writings Google has leapt upward year after year—from $70 million in 2001 to compulsory essays an astonishing $50.6 billion in during world essay, 2013. That is more than two times the combined advertising revenue of every newspaper in donation, America last year. And the situation for proprietors of newspapers and magazines is letter for job application likely to get worse. One alarming set of statistics: Americans spend about compulsory donation 5 percent of the time they devote to media of all kinds to magazines and for job newspapers. Compulsory Essays! But nearly 20 percent of advertising dollars still go to print media. So print media today are getting billions more than they probably deserve from advertisers who, governed by the inertia so common in human affairs, continue to buy space in publications that are steadily losing audience, especially among the charlotte edition historical, young. When those advertisers wake up, revenues will plummet still further.

King County Journal. Union City Register Tribune. Halifax Daily News. Rocky Mountain News. News organizations have tried to adapt to the new realities. Compulsory Organ Donation Essays! As the america during war two, Internet became more popular and more important in essays, the first decade of the 21st century, newspaper proprietors dreamed of paying for their newsrooms by mimicking their traditional business model in the online world.

Their hope was to create mass followings for their websites that would appeal to advertisers the way their ink-on-paper versions once did. Fund Essay! But that’s not what happened. The news organizations with the most popular websites did attract lots of eyeballs, but general advertising on compulsory organ essays their sites did not produce compelling results for advertisers, so they did not buy as much of it as the papers had hoped. And the price they paid for it steadily declined, because as the Internet grew, the number of sites offering advertising opportunities assured that “supply” outstripped “demand.” Advertising revenues for the major news sites never amounted to even a significant fraction of the revenues generated by printed newspapers in the golden age. World Essay! There seems little prospect today that online advertising revenues will ever be as lucrative as advertising on paper once was. The other online innovation that has devastated newspapers is Craigslist, the free provider of essays what the newspapers call “classified advertising,” the small items in small print used by individuals and oliver twist chapter businesses for generations to organ buy and sell real estate and merchandise, and to hire workers. Twenty years ago classifieds provided more than a third of the revenue of world war two essay The Washington Post . Craigslist has destroyed that business for the Post and every major paper in the country. The Philadelphia Inquirer/Daily News headquarters building on Broad Street in Philadelphia, October 6, 2005. The paper is one of many major newspapers facing cutbacks and dwindling circulation. D espite two decades of trying, no one has found a way to make traditional news-gathering sufficiently profitable to organ essays assure its future survival. Serious readers of during war two America's most substantial news media may find this description at odds with their daily experience.

After all, The New York Times , The Wall Street Journal , and The Washington Post still provide rich offerings of good journalism every morning, and they have been joined by compulsory organ numerous online providers of both opinion and news—even of classic investigative reporting. Digital publications employ thousands of case reporters and editors in compulsory donation essays, new and sometimes promising journalistic enterprises. Is this a disaster? Of course not—yet. But today's situation is probably misleading. The laws of economics cannot be ignored or repealed. It Is Everyone's Responsibility To Protect! Nor can the actuarial tables. Only about compulsory organ donation essays a third of Americans under 35 look at a newspaper even once a week, and the percentage declines every year. A large portion of today's readers of the few remaining good newspapers are much closer to the grave than to high school. Today's young people skitter around the Internet like ice skaters, exercising their short attention spans by looking for fun and, occasionally, seeking out serious information. Audience taste seems to be changing, with the result that among young people particularly there is a declining appetite for the sort of letter for job in school information packages the great newspapers provided, which included national, foreign and local news, business news, cultural news and criticism, editorials and opinion columns, sports and obituaries, lifestyle features, and science news.

Alas for compulsory donation essays, those who continue to want access to that kind of product, there is german marshall fund competition no right to reliable, intelligent, comprehensive journalism. We only get it when someone provides it. And if it doesn’t pay someone a profit, it’s not likely to compulsory essays be produced. New York City. 1959. TV news anchorman Walter Cronkite. © Dennis Stock/Magnum Photos. B efore digital technology changed the world, the news was quite orderly and predictable. To find out what was happening, you bought a paper, listened to the radio, or watched television.

Most people relied on application in school one or two sources for all their news—a newspaper and organ a TV network, for example. Responsibility To Protect The Environment Essay! A few institutions and organ essays a few individuals dominated the it is everyone's responsibility to protect essay, provision of compulsory news: Walter Cronkite and John Chancellor; The New York Times and The Washington Post ; Time and Newsweek . The universe of news providers was small and essay 8 also remarkably homogeneous. Organ Donation Essays! David Brinkley could move from NBC to ABC without causing much of essay chapter a stir. Compulsory Organ! When Roone Arledge, whose first big accomplishment was to make ABC the america during, leading network for sports, was empowered to build a new ABC News, he did it by raiding the staffs of NBC and CBS. Similarly, when Ted Turner launched CNN, he poached talent from the compulsory organ donation, networks.

This small, nearly-closed world rarely provided any surprises. Politically, the big news organizations cast themselves as fair-minded and even-handed, never partisan. Oliver Twist Chapter 8! Time magazine may have been somewhat more conservative, The New York Times more liberal, but none drifted far from the organ essays, center of the political spectrum. For nearly four decades after World War II, mainstream journalism was notably non-ideological. At the height of it is responsibility to protect essay their success, all the compulsory, best news organizations shared two important qualities: a strong sense of responsibility about their roles as providers of news and analysis, and plenty of for job in school money to spend on those missions.

In their heyday, roughly the last third of the compulsory organ, 20th century, these institutions tended to america war two essay unify American society. News anchors like Cronkite, Chancellor, Tom Brokaw, Dan Rather, and organ essays Peter Jennings were reassuring, avuncular figures with whom millions of Americans shared the dramas of the day. America During World War Two! All the mainstream print and broadcast media sought to organ essays provide an information supermarket whose aisles—from sports to cardiology case business to politics, foreign affairs, entertainment news, and organ donation essays gossip—would hopefully attract mass audiences across all classes of society. And they made money—a lot of it—by selling those mass audiences to advertisers. NBC/NBCU Photo Bank via Getty Images.

The money allowed for an extravagant approach to news. Editors and during world war two producers could put their news instincts ahead of other considerations, including profits—at least occasionally. Compulsory Donation Essays! I did this myself, dispatching reporters around the oliver twist 8, country and the world with something awfully close to compulsory donation essays abandon when I was a senior editor of The Washington Post . The best newspapers—the best of a much more crowded field than exists today—invested in Washington bureaus, foreign correspondents, and investigative reporting teams, not to mention luxuries almost unheard of now. For years, for it is everyone's responsibility to protect essay, example, no reporter for the Los Angeles Times had to suffer the indignity of compulsory essays flying in coach; business or first class was the norm. The broadcast media enjoyed even more extravagance. In the cardiology case, 1970s the three television networks each maintained large corps of foreign correspondents stationed in bureaus across the essays, globe, and also domestic bureaus in the major American cities. They all did serious documentaries and during world war two essay showed them in donation, prime time. Editors and producers pursued stories that interested them, without much concern for how readers or viewers might react to the journalism that resulted. America! Members of this tribe of journalists shared a sense of what “the news” was. The most influential of them were the editors and reporters on the best newspapers, whose decisions were systematically embraced and echoed by compulsory organ other editors and writers, as well as by the producers of television news. As many have noted now that their power has declined, these news executives were gatekeepers of a kind, deciding which stories got the most attention.

The most obvious examples of their discretionary power came in the realm of investigative reporting. One of the cardinal events of this era was Walter Cronkite's decision in late October 1972 to report in detail on the CBS Evening News the findings of two young Washington Post reporters, Carl Bernstein and Bob Woodward, on the developing Watergate scandal. Cronkite’s decision highlighted the strength of the news culture, while also helping to put the case, Post —then still emerging as a leading newspaper—at the donation essays, center of national attention. This was a golden era in journalism, a time when a prosperous and widely-respected press demonstrated an unprecedented willingness to letter in school confront a sitting president. Watergate and the Vietnam War both made it much easier to challenge authority. Newspapers especially began to show increasing self-confidence—sometimes it felt like arrogance—by moving away from reactive journalism that focused on the events of the previous day and devoting more space and energy to “enterprise” journalism, which included not just in-depth investigations, but stories about trends in society, profiles, and feature stories. Thanks to this new boldness, the compulsory essays, relationship between reporters and government deteriorated and became quite contentious. Letter For Job Application In School! Deference gave way to skepticism and, often, cynicism about the compulsory organ, believability of public officials and government agencies.

One of the great symbolic moments of this era was the decision by the Nixon administration to seek a court order to stop The New York Times from publishing details of a secret Pentagon history of the Vietnam war that a disgruntled official had leaked to to protect the environment the paper. Organ Essays! Initially a federal district court accepted the government’s argument that publication endangered “national security,” and issued an order to the Times to cease publication of stories based on the “Pentagon Papers.” The Times 's source, Daniel Ellsberg, then leaked another set of the papers to The Washington Post , which hurriedly began preparing stories about to protect essay them. The government sought court action to organ block the letter for job application, Post as well. The Supreme Court agreed to take the compulsory donation essays, case. The Times and Post hired some of the best (and most expensive) lawyers in the country to argue for essay chapter, publication. The court quickly decided in favor of the newspapers' right to publish. Nixon's attempt to impose “prior restraint” on the American press had failed. Two private corporations, the Times and compulsory donation Post companies, had defied the government and then persuaded the Supreme Court to essay oliver twist 8 let them get away with it. Journalists still remember this as a critical moment in the history of their business. 1902-03: Ida Tarbell profiles John D. Rockefeller and the Standard Oil Company The progressive era of the late 19th and early 20th centuries was a time of social activism as Americans and their president, Theodore Roosevelt, fought corruption and donation essays monopolistic practices in government and industry.

Tarbell, a former school teacher, wrote a series of articles for McClure’s Magazine about the letter for job in school, giant Standard Oil Company and its owner John D. Rockefeller. Compulsory Organ Essays! The series was published in book form in 1904, and in letter for job application in school, 1911 the U.S. Supreme Court found the company to be in violation of the Sherman Antitrust Act, causing its breakup. Ironically, Tarbell didn’t like the term “muckraker,” which was applied to her and other reform-minded journalists of the era. 1906: Upton Sinclair exposes conditions in Chicago's meatpacking plants Chicago was America’s center of meat processing and packing around the turn of the compulsory organ donation essays, century in 1900. Although Sinclair’s famous 1906 work, The Jungle , was a novel, he based it on seven weeks in disguise working in america world war two essay, Chicago’s meatpacking plants. His exposé of conditions that immigrant workers faced in the stockyards and the unsanitary practices of the donation, industry coincided with passage of the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 and letter in school the Federal Meat Inspection Act of organ essays 1906.

Sinclair later focused on American journalism itself, calling attention in 1920 to application the practice of “yellow journalism” in his book The Brass Check . 1953: Murrey Marder dogs Sen. Joseph McCarthy's witch hunt In February 1950, U.S. Senator Joe McCarthy declared that more than 200 Communists were working at the U.S. State Department. After his re-election in 1952, McCarthy conducted a series of hearings on the matter and implicated Army personnel in compulsory donation essays, espionage. In 1953, Murrey Marder, writing for The Washington Post , began full-time coverage of Sen. Cardiology! McCarthy and his hearings. Marder investigated the donation essays, senator's accusations against Army personnel stationed at Fort Monmouth in New Jersey, finding that the senator's charges against them were all false. Marder later opened the London bureau of the The Post , and letter for job application after his retirement, helped create the Nieman Watchdog Project.

1962-64: David Halberstam calls foul on the U.S. military's rosy Vietnam claims In October 1963, President John F. Kennedy was so upset about David Halberstam’s reporting from Saigon that he asked Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, the publisher of compulsory essays The New York Times , to transfer David Halberstam out of Vietnam. Since the previous year, Halberstam had offered dogged and skeptical coverage of U.S. government officials’ optimistic portrayals of their and edition essay historical norman strouse thomas the South Vietnamese government’s efforts against compulsory organ, North Vietnam. “The job of the it is everyone's, reporters in Vietnam,” Halberstam wrote in 1965, “was to report the news, whether or not the news was good for America.” In 1964, Halberstam earned a Pulitzer Prize for his Vietnam reporting. 1969: Seymour Hersh exposes the My Lai massacre and cover-up In March 1968, U.S. Army soldiers massacred hundreds of civilians in My Lai, a South Vietnamese village. In the months following, Army commanders downplayed the compulsory essays, incident, keeping it hidden from the public. However, due to pressure on the chain-of-command from a soldier in for job, the infantry company involved, Lieutenant William Calley, Jr. was court martialed in September 1969 for his role. The public wouldn't learn of My Lai until Hersh, acting on a tip, interviewed Calley and his lawyer. Hersh's story was published by organ donation Dispatch, a small news agency with a tiny staff, and then picked up nationally. Calley was the marshall fund, only soldier convicted in relation to the massacre. Hersh won the 1970 Pulitzer Prize for his reporting. 1971: The Pentagon Papers leaked and published.

In 1971, with the Vietnam War still going after almost a decade, a military analyst named Daniel Ellsberg leaked a seven-thousand page history of U.S.-Vietnam relations that had been prepared for organ donation essays, internal use by the Pentagon. Lengthy sections of these “Pentagon Papers” were published in The Washington Post and The New York Times , revealing the covert origins of a war that was exceedingly unpopular at home. The Nixon administration ordered the newspapers to cease publication of any of the documents. This led to a Supreme Court case ( New York Times Co. v. United States ) that eventually ruled in favor of the for job application, press. 1972: Woodward and compulsory organ Bernstein expose the Watergate break in In June 1972, five men were arrested for charlotte edition historical norman strouse writings, breaking into compulsory the Democratic National Committee offices at 8 the Watergate Complex in Washington, DC.

Two young reporters at The Washington Post , Bob Woodward and compulsory organ donation essays Carl Bernstein, were intrigued that one of the burglars was on the payroll of it is President Richard Nixon’s reelection committee and began digging further. Woodward and Bernstein uncovered a series of political crimes and “dirty tricks” that connected the burglary back to the White House. Their reporting led to compulsory organ indictments of 40 administration officials and the eventual resignation of President Nixon. The paper won the 1973 Pulitzer Prize for the investigative reporting. 1992: Florence Graves reveals sexual misconduct in Congress In 1992, shortly after the it is everyone's the environment, Anita Hill controversy, Florence Graves, founder of Common Cause magazine, began an investigation into sexual misconduct on Capitol Hill.

She quickly found a pattern of essays charges pointing to Senator Bob Packwood. In the fall of 1992, The Washington Post published Graves'story detailing allegations from 10 women of sexual misconduct by the Oregon senator. The story not only led to the first-ever Senate Ethics Committee investigation of sexual misconduct and edition historical norman the eventual resignation of Senator Packwood, but also to the passage of the compulsory donation, landmark Congressional Accountability Act, subjecting Congress to the same discrimination laws as the case, rest of the compulsory donation essays, nation. 2010: Dana Priest and William Arkin detail secret government organizations On July 19, 2010, Washington Post reporters Dana Priest and William Arkin published “Top Secret America,” a series of investigative articles revealing the massive and carlyle charlotte historical norman strouse what they characterized as mismanaged post-9/11 growth of the U.S. Compulsory Organ Essays! intelligence community. The series, benefiting from the work of more than a dozen other journalists at The Post , compiled hundreds of thousands of essay twist chapter 8 records over two years, identifying 45 government organizations (1,271 sub-units) and 1,931 private companies engaged in top-secret intelligence work. Organ! The series highlighted the oversight challenges facing such a fast-growing and secretive system with such an charlotte essay historical norman, important agenda: maintaining the safety of American citizens. Reuters/Jason Reed JIR.

2013: The Washington Post and The Guardian report on NSA surveillance In early June 2013, The Post and The Guardian broke nearly-simultaneous stories about National Security Agency surveillance activities being conducted on U.S. citizens and compulsory essays foreign officials. Both sets of articles, led by Barton Gellman at The Post and Glenn Greenwald at The Guardian , along with Laura Poitras and Ewan MacAskill, initially relied on a confidential source who was a former NSA analyst and then-employee at a private sector consulting firm. Edition Essay Historical Strouse Writings! The source had told Gellman that he was operating out of conscience and knew that he would be exposed. That person was Edward Snowden. Both newspapers shared the Pulitzer Prize this year for their articles.

Washington Post reporters Carl Bernstein (center) and Bob Woodward (left), the compulsory, team who broke the Watergate story. Washington, D.C., 1974. © Wayne Miller/Magnum Photos. T he golden era had its shortcomings, to the environment essay be sure. A herd mentality too often prevailed, especially in Washington coverage. Self-important journalists were too common. And both the conventional wisdom and conventional attitudes remained strong. So, for compulsory essays, example, when confronted by a story like the AIDS epidemic, the essay oliver twist, great news organizations reacted slowly and clumsily. Few journalists paid serious attention to the rising disparities in American society.

Toward the organ donation, end of the twist chapter 8, era, in the first years of the donation, 21st century, the news media succumbed to the national anxieties produced by the 9/11 attacks and failed to challenge effectively the Bush administration's rush to war in letter, Iraq. Compulsory Donation Essays! Many journalists joined the rush. This was an embarrassment for our major journalistic institutions and a disservice to the country. Nevertheless, America's best news organizations have proved their value again and again, even in recent years, as their fortunes have declined. The culture of journalistic skepticism born in the 1960s and 1970s has continued to serve the during world war two essay, country well. Organ! Repeatedly, journalists have broken significant news stories that government officials hoped would never be revealed, from accounts of america war two essay Americans torturing terror suspects to revelations of the systematic mistreatment of veterans at Walter Reed Hospital; from accounts of the government's eavesdropping programs to compulsory organ donation descriptions of its vast, post-9/11 intelligence apparatus. The major journalistic revelations of the last decade altered the country's image of itself. They mattered.

And society has benefited in less tangible ways, too. “How would this look on the front page of The Washington Post ?” has been a question asked in offices in Washington ever since the time of Watergate, to letter for job application good effect. Of course this deterrent to illegal, unethical, or embarrassing behavior is unevenly effective; many miscreant public officials have ignored it, and will in the future, whether or not there continues to be a front page of compulsory organ donation essays The Washington Post . But this sense of accountability has had a salutary effect. The best journalism has most often been produced by those news organizations that have both the resources and the courage to defend their best work when it offends or alarms powerful institutions and oliver chapter individuals. The public may perceive journalism as an individualistic enterprise carried out by lone rangers of rectitude, but this is rarely the compulsory, case. The best work is usually done by world war two a team that has the backing of an organization committed to organ donation maintaining the highest standards of seriousness and integrity, and to nurturing talented reporters and editors. In the trickiest realms of investigative reporting on matters that touch on marshall essay “national security,” the team—including the donation, writers and editors as well as the lawyers and often the publisher too—can be critically important.

News organizations that can afford to support such teams are now at during world war two essay risk. A healthy democratic society requires referees—authority figures with whistles they can blow when they perceive infringements of the rules. Prosecutors and judges fulfill this role in matters of law enforcement, but their writ is organ donation essays limited by the scope of the law. “I am not a crook,” insisted Richard Nixon, and perhaps he wasn't, but he was a kind of political criminal nevertheless, and he was first called to account by responsibility to protect the environment journalists. Will such whistle blowers be on donation essays the job to confront the next Nixon? Paul Starr, the distinguished Princeton scholar, has put the matter succinctly: “By undermining the economic basis of professional reporting and by fragmenting the public, [the digital revolution] has weakened the ability of the responsibility to protect, press to act as an effective agent of public accountability. If we take seriously the idea that an independent press serves an essential democratic function, its institutional distress may weaken democracy itself. And that is the danger that confronts us.” Bill O'Reilly vs. Jon Stewart 2012: The Rumble In The Air-Conditioned Auditorium at compulsory organ essays George Washington University on October 6, 2012.

Jamie McCarthy/Getty Images for The Rumble 2012. I f today's providers of the best journalism—often referred to these days, somewhat ominously, as “legacy media,” meaning the old stuff—cannot survive their continuing tribulations, what will take their place? Predicting the future is a fool's errand, but some trends are clear. The Internet promotes fragmentation by marshall encouraging the development of like-minded communities, from organ, you and your Facebook friends to avid Tea Party supporters who love Breitbart News, a highly readable, relentlessly ideological right-wing news site. Surveys by the Pew Research Center for the People the Press show that increasing numbers of American get their “news” from ideologically congenial sources. Twist Chapter 8! The news media are fragmenting just as American society is fragmenting—by class, by compulsory organ donation essays region, by religious inclination, by generation, by ethnic identity, by carlyle norman politics and more. The rise of the fragmented news media is quite a recent phenomenon. It really became significant after the inauguration of Barack Obama in January 2009. President Obama came into the White House in the midst of the worst economic crisis since the Great Depression. He had run as a unifier who would bring a new era of bipartisan collaboration: “Yes we can!” But no, he couldn't. Republicans in Congress decided at the outset of his administration that they would try to organ donation essays deny the new president any victories.

Obama's early legislative successes, based on the big Democratic majorities in the House and Senate produced by the 2008 election, disguised the fact that partisan gridlock lay just around the corner. After 2010, when Republicans regained control of the House, the gridlock set in. The politicians made an uneasy peace with the idea of perpetual partisan warfare. Voters also took increasingly ideological positions, and looked with increasing suspicion on application those who disagreed with them. Today's politicians, especially on the right, communicate to “their” voters through “their” media, most notably, of course, Fox News. Similarly, liberal Democrats like to appear on MSNBC. Compulsory Organ! More ideological politicians like a world without Cronkites—without recognized gatekeepers and arbiters. So “the news” that once helped unify the country is now just another source of division.

Daniel Patrick Moynihan used to argue that “everyone is entitled to his own opinion, but not to his own facts.” No longer. Politicians and commentators now seem perfectly happy inventing their own reality when it suits their political or ideological purposes. Fox News's determination to ridicule the Affordable Care Act—”Obamacare”—had nothing to do with traditional journalistic truth-seeking. Rather, it was part of a propaganda campaign. The MSNBC cable network, part of NBC, which used to be a serious news organization, saw a business opportunity in making itself a liberal alternative to Fox, the most profitable cable news network, and now unabashedly propagates a liberal view of the news. Fox and MSNBC have both decided to cater to during world their audiences not with original reporting of the news (which is expensive), but with commentary on the news interspersed with broadcasts of compulsory set-piece events like presidential news conferences. Curiously, or revealingly, there is little outrage in the culture about these developments. We seem to have adapted to carlyle charlotte edition norman strouse thomas the demise of the old expectations about organ donation essays accuracy, fairness, and reporting without much of a fight. Some of the new online products produce interesting and informative journalism, but none has the ambitions or the sense of responsibility of the best publications. They couldn't afford those luxuries. A great news organization is expensive.

The newsroom of The New York Times costs about $230 million a year. The news operation of The Washington Post , already substantially diminished from the height of its profitability and german marshall fund essay competition influence, still costs more than $90 million a year. Without the revenues to support them, newsrooms all over the country have been decimated. Newspapers employed 59,000 journalists in 1989, and 36,000 in 2012 (and fewer since then). Once-formidable institutions including The Baltimore Sun , Chicago Tribune , Los Angeles Times , and Miami Herald are vastly diminished. Others have gone out of business altogether. The significant news organizations that have survived are under terrific pressure now. A revealing document emerged this spring from The New York Times , a 96-page report written by a committee of Times employees on compulsory essays the digital future. Reading it makes clear the extent to which even Times reporters and editors now see the demands of the letter for job application in school, digital age as incompatible with their traditional pursuits.

The committee argues that The New York Times must become a “digital first” organization. “That means aggressively questioning many of our print-based traditions and their demands on our time, and determining which can be abandoned to compulsory essays free up resources for digital work.” One example cited in the report: “Packaging, promoting and sharing our journalism” on the Internet—three activities that have nothing to do with reporting and studies writing news stories—must become a priority for the newsroom. Even when journalists are allowed to pursue traditional reporting, the requirements of online journalism limit their opportunities to do so. Before the big papers had websites, a reporter could take all day to cover an event, talk to sources to get background information, consider the implications of the new developments, and write a story for the next day's paper. Today the same reporter has to file multiple versions of the same story as the day progresses, adding new tidbits as she acquires them. Compulsory Organ! There is much less time available to dig into a story and discover its ramifications.

The quantity of original reporting has surely declined as the importance of the Internet has grown. One immediate effect of all these changes and essay oliver twist chapter 8 cutbacks is that there's no paper in America today that can offer the same coverage of its city, suburbs, and state that it provided 20 or even 10 years ago, and scores of city halls and state legislatures get virtually no coverage by any substantive news organizations. Essays! Television remains the primary source of news for most Americans, but local stations have dramatically reduced their reporting staffs, and the networks no longer try to cover the oliver twist chapter, world and the country as they once did. It’s true that the federal government in compulsory organ essays, Washington still gets a lot of attention from reporters. But one large category of Washington coverage has virtually disappeared: journalism about members of Congress by news organizations “back home.” A generation ago scores of local newspapers and television stations employed Washington correspondents who kept an eye on the members of the House and Senate from their cities and states. Marshall Fund! Senator Christopher Dodd recalls that in his early years in the Senate, in the 1980s, a dozen reporters from Connecticut outlets were based in Washington and reported regularly on his activities. By the compulsory, time he retired in 2010, that number had fallen to zero.

No Connecticut newspaper or television station had a reporter in the nation's capital. Facade of The Newseum, incorporating the text of the First Amendment to the United States Constitution. David Monack/Wikimedia Commons. A re there no grounds for optimism, or even hope? Of course there are. In this age of creative destruction, the destruction is more obvious than the creativity, but some of the new, online providers of news are doing interesting work that helps compensate for the shrinkage of traditional outlets' reporting staffs.

For example, in Connecticut there are now several bloggers reporting on the state's members of Congress, and studies CT Mirror, a non-profit news site, has a full-time Washington reporter. Compulsory Organ Essays! Around the country dozens of news websites have sprung up to provide some local coverage, many of essay oliver 8 them employing their own reporters, and a few of them are quite good. There are also several web-based operations that sometimes break important national stories. The very best of them is ProPublica, a non-profit organization founded by Paul Steiger, the former managing editor of The Wall Street Journal , that is devoted to investigative reporting, an expensive specialty that has suffered in the era of disappearing newspaper profits. ProPublica provides pro organ donation, bono journalism of the highest quality, as good as the investigative projects of the major newspapers. Its budget of $12 million a year, nearly all raised from donors, funds a staff of essay twist 8 45 reporters and editors. But as its journalists acknowledge, the ProPublica stories that have the greatest impact are those done in collaboration with legacy news media that publish or broadcast them. Its own excellent website has a relatively small audience. AP Photo/Jason DeCrow.

Other non-profit organizations are also providing reporting at organ a level that only the major news organizations used to cardiology offer. The winner of the organ, 2014 Pulitzer Prize for investigative reporting was Chris Hamby of the Center for Public Integrity in german competition, Washington, a non-profit watchdog organization that maintains vast electronic files tracing the flow of money into our politics. Marcus Brauchli, who has served as the senior editor of both The Wall Street Journal and The Washington Post , observed recently that thanks to compulsory donation Internet offerings, the quantity of American journalism has never been greater. It used to be the case that newspapers like the Times and it is to protect Post offered their readers what was usually the very best coverage available in a wide range of compulsory organ donation essays news categories—there were no serious competitors. Today there are competitors in cardiology case, every one: ESPN in sports, Politico in Washington coverage, BuzzFeed in organ, the world of popular culture, and so on. We at the Post used to have a corner on the market in Washington—no competitor could challenge us in any of our major categories. No corners are available now.

New York Times Building. Jleon/ Wikimedia Commons. I f there is some good news, it's hardly enough to be reassuring. Something more substantial has to happen to sustain the kind of german marshall essay journalistic excellence that a democracy requires. Of course there can be technological surprises. A group of young people could be working in a Silicon Valley garage right now on donation essays an idea that could re-establish a healthy revenue stream for america during war two, major news organizations. Donation Essays! I certainly hope so. Efforts to save serious journalism enjoy one natural advantage: smart people playing influential roles in society know that they need good information about many subjects.

It is conceivable that these citizens, who are a significant audience albeit a small fraction of the total population, will be willing to application in school pay the full cost of the journalism they consume. At first blush this may sound painfully obvious. Don't people usually pay for the services they use? Not the news. Before websites, readers paid a pittance for compulsory organ essays, their news in newspapers that were deliberately priced below the cost of chapter a cup of coffee to try to maximize circulation (and therefore advertising dollars). And then for the better part of two decades—the first decades of the World Wide Web—online consumers got used to the idea that news was not just cheap but free. In the United States The Wall Street Journal was the only major publication that charged for online access to its journalism. Organ Donation! Everyone else gave their work away on the theory—or hope—that this was the way to build the audiences that advertisers would eventually pay to reach. Then in letter application in school, March 2011, The New York Times announced a paywall that required regular online readers to pay for compulsory, its journalism, a risky gambit that has proven remarkably successful.

At the beginning of chapter April the Times had 800,000 “digital subscribers,” people paying to read the paper on electronic devices only. (The daily ink-on-paper Times is bought by organ donation essays 680,000 people, and essay strouse writings 1.2 million on Sundays.) Digital subscriptions currently bring in more than $150 million a year, money that has saved the company from the grave financial crisis caused by declining revenues for the print edition. The Washington Post and most other large newspapers followed the Times , if they were not already charging for online access. Though none of the others has had as much success signing up digital subscribers as the Times , the newspaper’s ability to persuade online readers to pay is heartening. It suggests at least the possibility that over essays, time, consumers of news might follow the path of television viewers, who once thought—before the arrival of cable television—that TV was free, but eventually got used to paying substantial monthly cable bills. Some version of that transition could save the traditional news business—if some clever inventor can figure out how to make it happen. Until now no one has, and everyone's responsibility to protect essay even the Times 's encouraging numbers fall short of a solution that could save its $235 million-a-year newsroom. A morning edition of the Washington Post- August 6, 2013. Amazon.com Inc founder Jeff Bezos bought the newspaper in essays, a surprise deal that ended the Graham family's 80 years of oliver twist ownership. “Design the electronic classifieds now.” see the compulsory donation, full memo. L ast fall, when he met the staff of The Washington Post soon after buying the paper, Jeff Bezos of Amazon spoke about the importance of “the bundle,” as he called the variety of news, opinion, useful information, and marshall fund entertainment that the Post offers each day. The goal in the digital age, Bezos said, had to essays be to make the bundle attractive to a lot of carlyle charlotte historical norman people—so attractive that they would be willing to pay for it.

The average age of the readers of the printed paper, Bezos noted, goes up “about one year every year.” It's no secret where that leads, he quipped. Now that he owns the donation, money-losing Post , Bezos faces the challenge of how to sell that bundle. Michael Moritz of Sequoia Capital, one of the country's most successful venture capitalists, summarized the problem: “How [can] an Internet property, dedicated to broad-based news and information, ever generate a lot of money? Without solving that riddle, there is no path to prosperity.” Of course, a large organization offering “broad-based news and information” is not the everyone's responsibility the environment, only conceivable model. Personally I am convinced that our society will be best served by the survival of a few distinguished news organizations committed to holding powerful people accountable for the ways they use their power.

This view is certainly a product of compulsory essays my lifetime's service in one such organization. But there are other possibilities. The news supermarkets we are used to may not survive, but “disaggregated” news organizations specializing in specific subjects might, over time, provide the accountability journalism we need. One interesting example is the SCOTUS blog, which provides excellent coverage of the Supreme Court. It makes no profit, but is supported by Bloomberg. Politico's coverage of Washington and in school politics, though uneven, is better than that of compulsory donation any but the america during world war two, very best news organizations. And Politico, thanks to revenue from compulsory organ, its Capitol Hill newspaper edition, actually makes money. It is also possible that “prosperity” won't be necessary.

The $250 million Bezos paid for cardiology case, The Washington Post was a tiny sliver of his $30 billion net worth. For him to cover the compulsory essays, Post 's losses now costs the equivalent of lunch money for an ordinary mortal—something Bezos could easily afford for decades to come, if he chooses to play the angel's role indefinitely. The money-losing Boston Globe , sold at a huge loss by The New York Times in 2013, has a deep-pocketed new owner in John Henry, principal owner of the Boston Red Sox, who similarly could keep the paper afloat indefinitely if he wants to. It Is Responsibility! There might be comparable angels in the futures of organ donation other news organizations. New Yorkers have speculated for years that their former mayor, Michael Bloomberg, worth $34 billion, might play that role some day for oliver twist chapter, The New York Times . The wealthiest giants in organ, this brave new world are companies that did not exist 20 years ago, inventive outfits that have capitalized on digital technologies most effectively. Facebook and Google, for essay, example, bestride the globe like modern-day King Kongs, catering to billions of people and earning scores of billions of dollars. Both exploit the work of traditional providers of news that create information useful to compulsory organ donation Facebook friends and Google searchers. They lead large numbers of case readers to the journalism of the legacy media. But they contribute relatively little to the survival of those providers. These firms were created by donation a new generation of young people whose self-interest may lead them either to realize the importance of the legacy institutions, or figure out how to create new ways to do what the old news organizations did in the past.

Financially, it would be easy for Google to rescue The New York Times . The annual cost of the Times 's newsroom represents less than 2 percent of Google's 2013 profits. Cardiology Case Studies! Google, or someone else, could also create new news organizations dedicated to excellent coverage of narrow fields. Organ! The future, in Mort Sahl's wise words, lies ahead—but remains invisible. News as we know it is at risk. So is democratic governance, which depends on cardiology case studies an effective watchdog news media. Both have been undermined by changes in society wrought by compulsory donation digital technologies—among the most powerful forces ever unleashed by mankind. We have barely begun the Digital Age, and there is carlyle charlotte edition historical norman thomas no point in trying to predict just where it will take us. Compulsory Organ Donation! News certainly has a future, but what that will be is unclear. All that we know for letter, certain is that we are lighting out for new territory. Join the conversation on Twitter using #BrookingsEssay or share this on Facebook . This Essay is also available as an eBook from these online retailers: Amazon Kindle, Barnes Noble, Apple iTunes, Google Play, and on Kobo.

Like other products of the Institution, The Brookings Essay is intended to contribute to discussion and stimulate debate on important issues. The views are solely those of the author. Graphic Design: Marcia Underwood and Jessica Pavone. Research: Fred Dews, Thomas Young, Jessica Pavone, Kevin Hawkins. Editorial: Beth Rashbaum and Fred Dews.

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Essay on Policy-Making in India | Government | Public Administration. Here is an essay on ‘Policy-Making in organ donation essays, India’ for class 9, 10, 11 and 12. Find paragraphs, long and short essays on ‘Policy-Making in India’ especially written for school and college students. Essay # 1. Introduction to Policy-Making: One of the essential functions of government is policy-formation. In the words of Dr.Appleby, the essence of public administration is german essay policy making. Compulsory Organ Essays! Without policy, government and administration are rudderless.

Policy is prior to every action. It is pre-requisite to all management. It is the policy which sets the task for administration. It provides the to protect the environment, framework within which all actions for organ donation essays, the accomplishment of an objective are to be activated.Policy is in fact planning for action; it is fund competition getting reading for setting the sails to reach the desired destination. Ever since Wilson wrote his essay on “The Study of Administration” published in 1887, politics-administration dichotomy school of thought tended to regard policy as outside the scope of administration. In the words of Wilson: “The field of compulsory donation, administration is a field of business. Application In School! It is removed from the hurry and strife of politics.” Wilson was followed by Good now and as late as 1926, L.D. White drew a distinction between administration and compulsory essays politics.

It is now being increasingly realized that politics-administration dichotomy cannot work and that administration cannot be completely divorced from during world war two, policy-making. Luther Gulick was one of the first advocates of this view. “Administrators are continually laying down rules for the future, and administrators are continually determining what the law is, what it means in terms of action, what the rights of parties are with respect both to transactions in organ essays, process and transactions in prospect…….. Administrators also participate in another way in the making of policy for the future; they formulate recommendations for legislation, and this is a part of the function of policy-making.” Public officials are associated with policy-formation in three important ways: First, they have to supply facts, data, and criticism as to the workability of policy to the ministers or to the legislature if the initiative for essay oliver twist, policy-making comes from them. The members of the legislature or the ministers are amateurs who have risen to positions because of the popular will and not because of administrative talent and as such, they have to give due weight to the suggestions of the officials. Second, in many cases the organ donation, initiative for policy or legislation emanates from the administration.

This is because of the fact that it is the administration which is in constant touch with the general public and is in a better position to understand the difficulties that arise in the execution of legislation. It has, therefore, to make suggestions and formulate proposals for removing those difficulties and in the process, it may have to, if need be, ask for amendments in the existing law or even for more laws. In such cases policy proposals emanate from the administration and legislature only puts its seal of approval on them. Third, on account of case studies, lack of time and knowledge, the legislature passes skeleton Acts and leaves the details to the administration. Organ Donation! It is here that administration is most supreme in policy-making. In order to execute these Acts, the administration frames rules, regulations and bye-laws which is a major contribution to policy-making. It may, therefore, he said that there are two main types of policy-political policy and administrative policy. Political policy is the cardiology, policy made by compulsory, the government. It is the general policy set out by the Parliament and political executive in pursuance of the promises made at the time of election by the party in power. Administrative policy is the form in which the minister, administrator or Board carries the will of the government into edition historical strouse thomas writings, effect.

In the words of Dr. Donation Essays! M.P. Sharma “…administrative policy is largely concerned with the determination and establishment of appropriate machinery and procedure for the implementation of legislative policies, setting the time-table or work programme of activities for guidance of its own staff through rules, regulations or orders, and taking precedent-making decisions on spe­cific novel issues which may arise in the course of day-to-day administration.” Policy, from whatever source-legislature or administration-it may emanate, must be based on factual data and accurate information. to the legislature, it is the administration which supplies the necessary information but wherefrom the administration obtains that information? Broadly speaking, there are four ways through which administration collects the necessary information: Every department is a centre to which flow periodic reports, re­turns, statements, accounts and various other materials from various field establishments. These reports and other material are recorded by studies, the department for future use whenever the need arises.

Some departments employ special agencies for the collection of data in certain special fields. Essays! Several Ministries in german marshall fund essay competition, India have made special arrangements and established special ma­chinery for the collection of compulsory donation essays, statistics and data helpful for during war two essay, policy-making. The Central Statistical Organisation, the compulsory organ, National Sample Survey, the Bureau of Public Enterprises, Directorate of In­dustrial Statistics and various other organisations are working for the collection of information and statistics. The data so collected is properly processed, organized and interpreted to reveal certain facts essential for policy-making. To supplement the marshall essay competition, internal data which may be insufficient, the compulsory donation essays, administration takes to collecting information from external sources. It establishes contacts with private bodies, unions, associations, chambers, etc., in order to oliver twist chapter get a true picture of compulsory organ, facts. Inter­nal information is likely to be biased and hence inaccurate and unreliable because it travels through the essay, official channels and the agency reporting it may not like to reveal all that is fact. In our country, the government does consult and tries to know the essence of public opinion through various labour unions, chambers of essays, commerce, and other professional associations. Be­fore the Five Year Plan is actually approved, the draft outline is cardiology case thrown open for discussion to compulsory essays various bodies all over edition norman writings, the country. The suggestions received are duly considered and incorpo­rated, where approved, in working out the final Plan. 3. Special Investigations:

Special investigations may be conducted by the appointment of Commissions and Committees of enquiry for compulsory donation essays, finding facts in respect of a particular matter of field. Such investigations are very useful for policy-making as they provide the everyone's responsibility, maximum thought in a particular field. Examples of compulsory organ donation, such Commissions/Committees are numerous both in our country and abroad. The Royal Commissions appointed from time to time in England, the Hoover Com­mission, in carlyle charlotte edition norman strouse writings, U.S.A., the Central Pay Commissions, the Universities Radhakrishnan Commission, the Local Finance Enquiry Commission, the Secondary Education Commission, the Press Com­mission, the Taxation Commission, the Monopolies Commission, the Administrative Reforms Commission, etc., in India are the examples of special investigating bodies. These Commissions have specific terms of reference; they examine witnesses, both official and non-official and obtain facts and views which they convey to the government in the form of recommendations. These recommendations serve as the basis for policy-making and effecting reforms. Research and studies may be organized by the Government and non-official agencies to discover certain facts and views. Organ! Administrative research may be con­ducted by such bodies like Division of Administrative Management in the Bureau of Budget in U.S.A., O M in the British Treasury and in cardiology studies, various other departments. Organization and Methods Division in the Cabinet Secretariat with its cells in other departments in India. Simi­larly, non-official bodies like Brookings Institution, the organ essays, Public Administration Clearing House in U.S.A., the everyone's the environment, British Institute of Public Administration and the Indian Institute of Public Ad­ministration also conduct researches and provide facts for policy formulations set up for the purpose. The Geological, Botanical, Zoological Surveys of India, the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, various laboratories devoted to research in building techniques, drugs, food, technology, electro-chemicals, metallurgy, mining, salt, etc., the Atomic Energy Commission, the Oil and Natural Gas Commission, etc., are some of the compulsory donation essays, examples of institutions engaged in research.

Every modern government, anxious as it is to make improvements, has to depend on these research bodies for letter for job application, the mine of information and facts they supply. Every new policy must take cognizance of the new research and material provided by these bodies. Essay # 3. External Influences on Policy Making: Policies are not made in a ‘vacuum’, that is to say that policy-makers must take cogni­zance of various factors in formulating policies. They cannot act arbitrarily, more so in a demo­cratic country.

First, every policy must be in consonance with the provisions of the Constitution as interpreted by essays, the law courts and the laws made by the legislature. Second, every policy must take into account the prevailing customs, traditions and conventions of the people. That is to say that a policy must not be against it is the environment essay, established ways of life of the people unless it is extremely desirable to frame one for banning a social evil. Third, a policy must consider the international law and the world opinion for no country can live an isolated life. International law is constantly becoming important and every member living in the family of nations must play the game ac­cording to rules. Fourth, if a policy of a department affects the policy of organ donation essays, some other department or organization, the department framing the policy must have prior consultations with the de­partment affected. Such a clearance is very important for letter application in school, the homogeneity of administration.

Finally, a policy must be framed after due consultation with the persons or groups of persons, their unions and compulsory essays associations and other interests likely to be affected by policy for this helps the policy-maker to analyze the difficulties likely to marshall competition be faced in the execution of the policy. Thus policies have to take into consideration several factors. In the words of Seckler- Hudson “Policies are arrived at, then, in all sorts of ways, conditioned by all sorts of matters.” The various organizations that participate indirectly or directly in policy-formulation are the legislature, the executive, the judiciary through interpretations and judge-made-laws, top admin­istrators, political parties, pressure groups, people, etc. Policy-making is a continuous process. There must be periodical review of the usefulness of a policy. A policy is donation essays useful only under certain circumstances.

These circumstances change with time and a policy once very useful may become obsolete. The policy may be changed accordingly or a new policy must be developed. During World War Two Essay! Nehruvian socialism is now being liberalized under the changed economic scenario of the coun­try. Although policy may seem to be a decision of a particular body or department, in compulsory essays, practice, however, the process is historical norman strouse writings widespread all through the organization and the particular body an­nouncing it is the compulsory organ donation essays, last link “of a long chain of previous history of the matter.” It is, therefore, a collective activity, a cooperative endeavour and an effort in which many people participate. Gladden’ distinguishes four different levels in policy-making: (a) Political or general policy framed by the Parliament; (b) Executive policy framed by the Cabinet, (c) Administrative policy, that is, the form in which the administrator works out the will of the government, and. (d) Technical policy, that is, the day-to-day policy adopted by the officials in carrying out the ad­ministrative policy.

The process of policy formulation consists of the following steps: (i) Understanding and analyzing of the present environment, both external and world internal; (ii) Identification of policy alternatives to achieve the goals in the anticipated environ­ment; (iii) Examination of the compulsory, alternatives; (iv) Elaboration of the consequences of various alternatives; (v) Effect of alternatives and consequences on preferred values and norms; (vi) Selection of policies. Herein, it may also be mentioned that some American writers like David Easton, Lasswall and Drox have pleaded for the evolution of ‘policy science as a separate discipline which will accelerate the development of policy knowledge and contribute to better policy-making.

This idea, however, it still in infancy stage. Essay # 4. Organs that Participate in Policy-Making: Policy-making is a collective activity in which many organs participate. In our country, some of the important organs are: Constitution is the supreme law of the land and every policy that is framed must be in consonance with constitutional framework. Marshall Fund Essay! Being a very comprehensive docu­ment, it clearly lays down how the machinery of the government shall work, what shall be its objectives and what shall be its limitations. The Preamble to the Constitution declares the objec­tives while Directive Principles lay down the organ, principles according to which the machinery of the state shall frame policies. Legislative assemblies enact laws to give effect to the policies laid down in the Constitution.

Legislation is the america world, declared will of the sovereign state and an expression of the popular opinion of the people. The role of legislature is primarily that of compulsory donation, vetoing and america during world war two con­trolling policies because it itself rarely takes the initiative in sponsoring legislation. It influences and moulds policies through general discussions, adjournment motions, interpellations and reso­lutions, etc. The cabinet is the chief source of policies in our country. It is the most important body and its meetings make every one await its decisions. It is the overall directing and controlling body headed by the Prime Minister.

All important policies are approved by it. Essays! It works through several subject-matter sub-committees which report to it on specific matters. Although it is a staff agency and america world essay hence an advisory organ to the Government of India, it exercises important influence over the formulation of policies relat­ing to the entire field of administration. 5. National Development Council: National Development Council, consisting of the Prime Minister, a few Central Min­isters and organ Chief Ministers of all States, is also the carlyle charlotte norman, supreme policy-making organ. Essays! It is german fund competition said to have acquired a role of ‘supra-cabinet’. Public Services, though mainly concerned with the execution of poli­cies, participate in policy making in so far as they advise and supply the necessary data to the Ministers for policy-making, give legislative form to the policies and lay down administrative rules and regulations for organ donation, giving effect to the approved policies. Through its power of judicial review and advisory power, the Supreme Court exercises influence on public policies. Professional Associations, like the essay, Bar Association, All India Medical Council, and Teachers’ Association also play a prominent role in formulation of policy in India. Through election manifestoes the political parties display their re­spective policies and make an effort to win the elections for implementing these policies.

Besides the above organs, there are several other bodies which influence policy-making. Mention may be made of the Advisory bodies such as Standing Labour Committee, Indian Labour Conference, Import and Export Advisory Committee, Central Advisory Board of Educa­tion, University Grants Commission, Pressure groups such as trade unions and chambers of commerce. All these bodies advise, suggest and sometimes protest and demand correctives in regard to a particular policy. Compulsory Donation! Under the impact of information technology, mass media is playing an important role in building pressure on policy-making. Upload Your Knowledge on Political science:

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