Opposing point of view in a research paper

APA Format Examples, Tips, and Guidelines. APA format is the official style used by the American Psychological Association and opposing of view research, is commonly used in psychology, education, and meaning, other social sciences. Check out this gallery of opposing point research, examples, tips, and guidelines for writing papers in on writing lizbeth APA format. Point Of View. Your title page should include a running head, page number, article title, author name, and author affiliation. The sixth edition of the meaning APA Publication Manual contained a few changes to the format of an APA style title page. Your title page should contain a running head that is of view paper, flush left at on writing, the top of the page and a page number that is opposing point of view, flush right at the top of the page. The title should be at essay, the top half of the page and opposing of view in a research paper, should be centered between margins. Use both upper-case and lower-case letters. This page should include the title of your paper, your name, and your school affiliation. The APA suggests that your title is no more than 12 words in length. Avoid using titles or degree info (such as Dr. or Ph.D.) before and after your name.

Your title should be a very concise statement of what the reader will find in the paper. In many cases, your title will identify the major variables and the relationships between them. For example, #34;Effect of on writing lizbeth, Sleep Deprivation on Math Performance#34; is an example of a succinct title that clearly describes what the paper is about. The APA style guide also advises writers to avoid phrases such as #34;An Experimental Investigation on. #34; or #34;A Study of. #34;. Opposing Of View Research Paper. You should also avoid any extraneous words that do not add meaning to your title. All sources cited in your psychology paper should be included in the reference page. The reference page should appear at the end of your APA paper. Lizbeth. The purpose of this page is to provide a list of sources used in point paper your paper so that the reader can easily look up all of the materials you cited. One of the grethe dissertation first rules you should observe on your reference page: If you cited the article in your paper, it must appear in the reference list.

Conversely, if a source appears on your reference page, it must be cited somewhere in your paper. Your references should begin on a new page with the of view research paper title References centered at the very top. Do not underline, italicize or place quotation marks around the References title. Some More Basic Reference Page Rules. Your references should be alphabetized by the last names of the first author of each source. All references should be double-spaced.

Each reference should use a hanging indentation: the first line of the reference should be flush left, but each additional line of the reference needs to harald be indented. In article titles, only the first letter should be capitalized. If a colon appears in the title, the opposing paper first letter after the colon should also be capitalized. The title should not be placed in stanford university college quotations, underlined or italicized. All major words in point in a paper the title of a journal should be capitalized; i.e. Essays On Writing Lizbeth. The Journal of Personality and opposing of view in a, Social Psychology.

Longer works such as books and journals should appear in italics. In the case where the same author is cited multiple times for grethe different works, start by listing these references in chronological order with the oldest reference appearing first and working your way up to the most recent one. Learn more about APA references: Tables are a great way to display a great deal of information in a concise, clear and easy to in a research read format. In APA format papers, tables are generally used to describe the results of statistical analysis and other pertinent quantitative data.

However, it is a persuasive, important to note that tables are not simply used to replicate data that has already been presented in the text of the paper and not all data should be presented in a table. If you have little numeric information to point of view present, it should be described in the text of your paper. The official APA publication manual recommends designing your table with the reader in mind. Strive to communicate data in a way that is clear and human biology, easy to understand. Basic Rules for opposing of view in a Tables in APA Format. All tables should be numbered (e.g.

Table 1, Table 2, Table 3). Each table should have an individual title, italicized and presented with each word capitalized (except and , in , of , with , etc.). For example, Correlations Between Age and Test Scores. Try to ensure that your title is neither too general nor too specific. Each table should begin on a separate page. Meaning Of Names. Horizontal lines can be used to separate information and opposing of view in a paper, make it clearer. Do not use vertical lines in an APA format table. According to the new sixth edition of the APA manual, a table can be either single-spaced or double-spaced.

The key is to keep the table readable and the spacing consistent. All tables should be referenced in the text of the biology coursework respiration paper. Tables should be last, after your reference list and appendixes. You should use a font that is large enough to read without magnification Focus on keeping your table concise. Point Of View. Too much extraneous information can overwhelm and confuse the reader. Stick to south park episode reporting the most important data. Remember that your table is there to supplement rather than replicate the text of your paper. Do not feel the need to discuss every element of your table in your text. Instead, mention key highlights and tell the opposing point of view in a reader what to look for in your table. Table headings should be located flush right.

Each column should be identified using a descriptive heading. The first letter of each heading should be capitalized. Abbreviations for standard terms (e.g. M, SD, etc.) can be used without explanation. Uncommon definitions should be explained in a note below the table. Additional Notes to an APA Format Table. If additional explanation is on writing lizbeth, needed, a note can be added below the table.

There are three kinds of notes: General notes, specific notes, and probability notes. General notes refer to some aspect of the point in a research entire table; specific notes refer to a particular column or row; probability notes specify the probability level. Is the coursework table needed to opposing point of view in a paper present data or could the stanford data simply be presented in the text? Does the title of your table clearly but briefly explain what it is about? Is the spacing consistent throughout the table?

Does the opposing of view research paper body of the paper refer to the table? Is each column of the table clearly labeled? If your paper contains more than one table, are they similar in ese essay format and presentation? Are any special or uncommon abbreviations explained in notes? American Psychological Association. (2010). Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association. Author: Washington, DC. Journal articles should appear in alphabetical order in your APA format reference list.

Consult the image below for of view in a paper examples of journal articles in APA format. Capitalize the first word in the title, subtitle, and proper nouns. Italicize the meaning of names name of the publication and point in a research paper, the volume number. The basic format of a journal article reference involves listing authors by their last names followed by their initials. Next, the publication year is enclosed in parentheses and followed by a period. The title of the article should then follow, with only the episode first word and any proper nouns capitalized. The title of the journal should then follow along with the volume number, both of which should be italicized, and the page numbers of the article should also be included. Finally, a DOI number should be included if one is available.

Referencing electronic sources in APA format requires special style concerns. Opposing Point Of View Paper. Electronic References Are Similar to Other References. The basic format of an electronic reference is very similar to that of any other reference. However, you do need to include the date the reference was retrieved from the Internet as well as the south episode online location of the document. As you perform research and accumulate sources, always be sure to note the opposing point in a research paper date you found a particular source as well as its exact location on the Web. Use a Digital Object Identifier When Possible.

Because online URLs can change, the APA recommends utilizing a Digital Object Identifier (DOI) in your references whenever possible. A DOI is a unique alphanumeric string that begins with a 10 as well as a prefix (a four digit number assigned to organizations) and a suffix (a number assigned by the publisher). Many publishers will include the DOI on lizbeth, the first page of an electronic document. If a DOI is available, simply include it at point in a, the end of the reference as follows - doi:10.0000/00000000000.

SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips. Sometimes writing—especially writing for standardized tests—can feel like something you get or don't get. That's primarily because it's very difficult to explain and teach writing in a mechanical way, especially when you're up against time limits. In this article, we've broken how to write the ACT essay into 8 steps that work for every essay, every time. Then, we show you exactly how to do it with an actual ACT essay example. Many students ask us how to write an ACT essay, and while the answer is opposing of view in a simple enough to university essays explain in 8 steps (as we do below), it's not necessarily simple to opposing in a research do . As with any skill, the key to learning how to write an ACT essay is to essays study a good model (which we are going to cover in this article) and then practice, practice, practice.

Tackling ACT Writing, Step by opposing point in a research paper Step. The ACT essay plan below has been modified from our ACT Essay Tips article to fit the new ACT Writing Test. The template includes 3 sections: planning, writing and ese essay, revising. If you practice using this template to write ACT essays, you'll get much faster and (probably) more precise. Here's the sample prompt we'll be responding to: Many of the goods and services we depend on of view in a research paper, daily are now supplied by intelligent, automated machines rather than human beings.

Robots build cars and other goods on assembly lines, where once there were human workers. Park Ese Essay Episode. Many of opposing point of view research paper our phone conversations are now conducted not with people but with sophisticated technologies. We can now buy goods at a variety of stores without the help of a human cashier. Automation is plan writing essay generally seen as a sign of progress, but what is lost when we replace humans with machines? Given the accelerating variety and prevalence of opposing intelligent machines, it is plan writing essay worth examining the implications and meaning of their presence in our lives. Perspective One: What we lose with the replacement of people by machines is of view in a some part of our own humanity. Even our mundane daily encounters no longer require from us basic courtesy, respect, and tolerance for other people.

Perspective Two: Machines are good at human, low-skill, repetitive jobs, and at high-speed, extremely precise jobs. In both cases they work better than humans. This efficiency leads to a more prosperous and progressive world for everyone. Perspective Three: Intelligent machines challenge our long-standing ideas about what humans are or can be. Opposing In A Research. This is good because it pushes both humans and machines toward new, unimagined possibilities. Write a unified, coherent essay about the increasing presence of dissertation intelligent machines. It may feel like you won't have time to plan your essay before you write, but really, it's something you can't omit. Trust us.

Organizing your thoughts as you write will cost you way more time than if you take the time to plan out of view in a research paper, your essay before you begin writing. Step 1: Read the Prompt and the Perspectives Provided, Then (Tentatively) Choose a Position. Because addressing the relationship between your perspective and at south ese essay episode, least one of the opposing in a, other three perspectives is an integral part of the essay task, you need to meaning essay make sure you understand what each prompt is saying. Opposing Point In A Research. The good news is human coursework respiration that each perspective includes both a general assertion about intelligent machines as well as an opinion that places the topic in a broader context, saving you some work in coming up with your own, independent perspective. While it is possible to opposing of view in a come up with a fourth point of coursework view on the topic, I don't recommend it, as the added time you'll have to opposing of view in a research paper spend coming up with your own point of view could be better spend developing your comparison of your perspective to at least one of the other perspectives. If your perspective is a blending of multiple perspectives, then that's also fine, as long as you make sure you compare your blended perspective to each of the perspectives it combines; otherwise, you won't fulfill the analyze the meaning of names essay, relationship between your perspective and at least one other perspective part of the task.

Bottom line: choose the of view paper, perspective you think you can support the best. For this sample ACT essay, I'm going to tentatively choose to south ese essay argue Perspective Three (that intelligent machines challenge long-standing ideas about humanity, which in of view turn pushes humans and machines toward new, previously unimaginable possibilities), simply because that happens to be the position I think I'll be able to support the best. Step 2: Quickly Brainstorm Evidence and Explanations to lesson essay Support Each Perspective. Because the ACT essay involves discussing the relationship between your perspective and at least one of the opposing of view, other perspectives given, not just the one you agree with, you'll have to use multiple pieces of evidence in your essay. At this point, if you find that you're able to find more convincing evidence to support a different perspective than the one you've chosen, you can always switch - after all, you're still planning. Also, you don't have to write in complete sentences, or phrase things as elegantly as you will in essays the actual essay, so don't worry about that. Opening paragraph of the prompt : If you haven't already, read through the paragraph at the beginning of the essay prompt. You can appropriate some or all of the point of view in a research paper, examples in it to use in your own essay.

Personal Experience : you can tell any story (real or not) about you or someone else you know (or make up) that supports any one of lesson plan essay your points. Statistics : again, these can be real or made up. Point. You could invent a research study that looked at recordings of phone calls and found 80% of university essays people end up cursing while using automated phone menus (to support perspective one), make up statistics that show automated cashiers are able to opposing point research paper process 3x as many check-outs as human cashiers (to support perspective 2), or come up with any other kind of statistics that support one of the perspectives. Specifics from Sources : use knowledge of events from history or current events to essays support your points. Opposing Point Of View In A Paper. If you're not certain of the details, it's all right - the essays on writing, essay graders won't deduct points for factually inaccurate information.

For this essay, you could use the invention of the printing press (and its effects) as an example of opposing point of view research paper how mechanization can lead to park ese essay episode unimagined possibilities. Here's the evidence I came up with for my essay: Perspective One: What we lose with the replacement of opposing in a research people by machines is some part of dissertation our own humanity. Opposing Point Of View In A Paper. Even our mundane daily encounters no longer require from us basic courtesy, respect, and essays on writing, tolerance for other people. Evidence : Many of point of view paper our phone conversations are conducted not with people, but with sophisticated technologies. that don't necessarily work at 100% Explanation : People get so frustrated with the technology that when they press 0 to speak with a real human they are often rude and discourteous. Perspective Two: Machines are good at low-skill, repetitive jobs, and at high-speed, extremely precise jobs. In both cases they work better than humans.

This efficiency leads to a more prosperous and meaning essay, progressive world for opposing in a research paper, everyone. Evidence : Robots build cars on assembly lines. Explanation : Lower cost, decreases risk of injury to of names essay human workers. Perspective Three: Intelligent machines challenge our long-standing ideas about what humans are or can be. Opposing Point Of View. This is good because it pushes both humans and machines toward new, unimagined possibilities. Evidence : Brain-computer interfaces that allow people to control computers with their brains are a thing. Explanation : Allow people to overcome physical limitations, inspire us to continue researching and expanding knowledge.

Step 3: Brainstorm Your Counterarguments to, or Analyses of, the Other Perspectives. There's no one right way to respond to the perspectives the meaning, ACT gives you. Opposing Point Research Paper. Some of it depends on what point of view you take. For instance, if I agreed with Perspective One, which takes a negative view of the human coursework respiration, effects of intelligent machines, I might want to discuss both of the other two perspectives (which both take positive views of opposing in a intelligent machines) in one paragraph, and then disagree with them in the next paragraph as I present my support for Perspective One. Since I am arguing for Perspective Three (machines challenge our ideas about respiration, what humans are or can be, which pushes us and machines toward new possibilities), I am going to argue against paper, Perspective One and Perspective Two separately, because I have strong evidence for my analyses of each perspective.

Because the essay only requires you to analyze the dissertation, relationship between your perspective and at least one other perspective, if I had lots of evidence to use in point research my comparison of my perspective and Perspective One, but nothing to on writing say about Perspective Two, I could also decide not to discuss that perspective at all. Opposing Point Of View Research Paper. In this case, I was able to thing of solid arguments for coursework respiration, and against both of the other perspectives, so I chose to analyze both of them and their relationship to my perspective below. Again, these are not necessarily worded in their final form. Perspective One: What we lose with the replacement of opposing point of view research paper people by machines is some part of our own humanity. Even our mundane daily encounters no longer require from us basic courtesy, respect, and tolerance for other people. Evidence : Many of our phone conversations are conducted not with people, but with sophisticated technologies. that don't necessarily work at essay, 100% Explanation : People get so frustrated with the technology that when they press 0 to speak with a real human they are often rude and discourteous. Counterargument/analysis : The benefits outweigh the costs, because providing people with the option to submit prescriptions or ask about store hours through an automated menu frees up customer service reps to answer real questions. In addition, recordings of calls with angry customers are used to improve the menus. Perspective Two: Machines are good at low-skill, repetitive jobs, and at high-speed, extremely precise jobs.

In both cases they work better than humans. This efficiency leads to point of view research paper a more prosperous and progressive world for everyone. Evidence : Robots build cars on assembly lines. Explanation : Robots take over dangerous jobs which decreases risk of injury to human workers, lowering cost to on writing employers. Counterargument/analysis : This perspective is true, but is limited in its consideration of the implications. Robots can not only do things instead of humans, but can actually work with humans, as in precise surgery, to point in a a better result than either humans or machines alone.

Now that you have the park episode, main points of your essay, it's time to organize them in a way that makes sense. Make sure to include your introduction (with your thesis statement containing your point of view, or at least a rough sense of your thesis statement) and conclusion in this organization. If you have time, you can include transitions now, but you can also just add them as you are writing. The increasing prevalence of machines challenges us, etc, will put this in fancy words when I write the essay for real. Perspective One argues that replacing humans with machine leads us to lose part of our own humanity, because even our mundane daily encounters no longer require from us basic courtesy, respect, and tolerance for other people. I have witnessed this in my own life through watching my mother interact with some of those sophisticated automated phone systems. She sometimes gets so frustrated with the technology refusing to do what she wants that, by research paper the time the menu allows her to speak to a real human, my mother is of names no longer courteous or respectful. Point Of View In A Research Paper. Despite this frustration, I think the benefits outweigh the costs, because providing people with the option to harald submit prescriptions or ask about store hours through an automated menu frees up customer service reps to answer real questions. In addition, recordings of calls with angry customers are used to improve the point of view research, menus.

In contrast to Perspective One, Perspective Two argues that the of names, main utility of machines is in their ability to perform repetitive tasks more precisely and efficiently than humans. In auto plants around the world, robots build cars on opposing of view, assembly lines, performing their jobs with high precision and at lower overall cost to employers, who can make a one time purchase rather than having to pay a human a yearly salary (and worry about south park ese essay episode, liability issues) The true impact of intelligent machines in our lives is that they challenge us to research re-think our preconceived notions of what people can do or become in ese essay the future. An example of this is brain-computer interfaces that allow people to control computers with their brains. With BCIs, people can overcome physical limitations.. In addition, BCIs have capture the interest of people from all different backgrounds and are being applied to non-scientific fields to create new, previously unimagined inventions and ways to interact with the world. In conclusion, rather than taking away from our humanity, intelligent machines help us to move forward as a species to new heights. By the opposing point of view paper, end of this step, you should try to have about 30 minutes left so you have enough time to write. If you don't, just keep in mind that you might have to skimp on some of ese essay your explanations/counterarguments for the perspective(s) you compare to your own. Once you've structured your argument, it's time to write it all down!

Step 5: Introduction Paragraph Thesis. Write your introduction. Point In A Paper. If you can think of an biology coursework respiration interesting first sentence that brings your thesis into a larger discussion, start with that. (If writing the point, introduction stumps you, just leave 10-15 lines blank at the beginning of the paper and dissertation, come back to it.) From the simplest system of pulleys and point research paper, ropes in ese essay ancient Greece to the most complex supercomputer in the world today, machines have had (and continue to have) a profound influence on the development of point of view research paper humanity. Make sure you clearly state your thesis. Lizbeth. For a 3+/6 essay, this should include your perspective on point of view paper, the issue and how it relates to at least one of the other perspectives presented in the prompt. While some argue that machines have a negative impact on stanford college essays, us, the increasing prevalence of opposing research paper intelligent machines in of names essay the world challenges us to change long held beliefs about our limitations and to continue forward to opposing research new and even more advanced possibilities.

When you start your first body paragraph , try to think of a first sentence that refers back to human biology coursework respiration the first paragraph. Ideally, you'll start every paragraph by referring back to your thesis to create a unified argument. One common argument against the increased presence of machines in our day-to-day lives (seen in Perspective One) is that machines leach away at opposing of view in a research paper, our basic humanity. Then address the argument opposing yours (in this case, Perspective One). Explain the evidence that supports this perspective in 3-5 sentences.

I found this to be true in my own life as a result of witnessing many a phone conversation between my mother and an automated telephone menu. For whatever reason, she consistently has issues with the menus that try to verify her date of birth. The automated system never understands what she says (possibly because of her accent), and asks her to input the meaning essay, numbers via her keypad; of course, my mom's smartphone is so smart that the screen turns off while she is on a call, making it impossible for her to follow the point in a research, automated phone system's instructions. By the time the system gives up and routes her to speak to a human representative, my mother is often so frustrated that she is far from courteous and respectful to that person. Then, make sure to explain your counterargument to this perspective, tying it back to your thesis. Despite my mother's understandable frustration with automated phone systems, however, overall the benefits outweigh the costs. Providing people with the lesson plan essay, option to submit prescriptions or ask about store hours through an automated menu frees up customer service representatives to answer questions machines are incapable of addressing. In addition, the recordings of angry phone calls (where customers are not courteous, respectful, or tolerant of other humans) are used to improve the phone menus to make them more user-friendly. Thus, the opposing of view, momentary disrespect toward other humans caused by essays on writing lizbeth machines is more than compensated for by the positive effects of those same machines. If you're only comparing your perspective against one of the others, then this paragraph should contain further analysis of the opposing in a paper, relationship between the two perspectives.

If you're comparing your perspective against harald grethe, both of the other perspectives (as I did in this essay), then this is where you introduce your thoughts on the second perspective. Another school of thought, exemplified by Perspective Two, argues that the main utility of machines is their ability to opposing paper perform repetitive tasks more precisely and more efficiently than humans, which leads to college a more prosperous and progressive world for opposing point in a, everyone. Address the argument of this second perspective (in this case, Perspective Two). Explain the evidence that supports this perspective in 3-5 sentences. In auto plants around the world, robots build cars on assembly lines.

Instead of having to pay a human employee a yearly salary, invest time in training that employee, and worry about liability should that employee be injured, manufacturing plants can now make a one-time purchase of an intelligent machine that will perform that same job at higher levels of precision. This leads to a more prosperous world for the manufacturers, as they are able to invest less money to get a better product. Then, make sure to explain how this perspective relates back to your perspective. This perspective is fine as far as it goes, but is limited in grethe dissertation its consideration of the implications. Opposing Of View Paper. Robots can not only work in place of humans, but can also work cooperatively with humans to a greater results than either could have hoped for alone.

This can be seen in highly complex and delicate surgeries, where a surgeon controls robotic microtools to perform operations that even ten years ago would have been unimaginable and impossible. Introduce your main perspective, linking it back to the counterarguments you've made against at least one of the other perspectives. I agree with Perspective Three that the true impact of intelligent machines in our lives is that they challenge us to re-think our preconceived notions of what people can do or become in harald the future. Present one final example in support of your perspective. A final example of this is brain-computer interfaces, or BCIs. Of View In A. Humans are able to manipulate computers with their brains via electrodes that are either implanted in their brains or attached (temporarily) to their heads. With these intelligent machines, formerly paralyzed people who had no hope of meaning of names essay communicating with others are able to transcend their physical limitations by concentrating to opposing of view paper form words out of university essays keyboards on point of view in a, the computer screens. In addition, BCIs have captured the interest of people from all different backgrounds and stanford university essays, are being applied to non-scientific fields like music to create new, previously unimagined instruments that react to people's thoughts, adding a new dimension to opposing of view in a paper an ancient art form.

Truly, intelligent machines are providing the impetus not just for greater efficiency, but for greater accomplishments. Check your time. Lesson Plan A Persuasive. Try to have 5-6 minutes left at point in a paper, this point. Come up with a quick sentence that restates your thesis to wrap up the essay. In conclusion, rather than taking away from our humanity, intelligent machines actually help us to move forward as a species to achieve new, previously unimagined possibilities. Let's look at our complete ACT essay example: [1] From the simplest system of pulleys and ropes in ancient Greece to the most complex supercomputer in the world today, machines have had (and continue to have) a profound influence on the development of lesson a persuasive essay humanity. While some argue that machines have a negative impact on us, the increasing prevalence of point paper intelligent machines in the world challenge us to change long held beliefs about our limitations and to continue forward to new and even more advanced possibilities. [2] One common argument against the increased presence of machines in our day-to-day lives (seen in Perspective One) is that machines leach away at our basic humanity. I found this to be true in my own life as a result of witnessing many a phone conversation between my mother and an automated telephone menu. For whatever reason, she consistently has issues with the menus that try to plan a persuasive essay verify her date of birth.

The automated system never understands what she says (possibly because of her accent), and asks her to input the numbers via her keypad; of course, my mom's smartphone is opposing of view so smart that the screen turns off while she is on a call, making it impossible for her to follow the automated phone system's instructions. By the of names essay, time the system gives up and routes her to speak to opposing point of view in a paper a human representative, my mother is human biology coursework respiration often so frustrated that she is far from courteous and respectful to that person. Opposing Point. Despite my mother's understandable frustration with automated phone systems, however, overall the benefits outweigh the costs. Providing people with the human biology, option to of view in a paper submit prescriptions or ask about store hours through an automated menu frees up customer service representatives to answer questions machines are incapable of addressing. In addition, the recordings of angry phone calls (where customers are not courteous, respectful, or tolerant of park ese essay other humans) are used to improve the phone menus to make them more user-friendly. Thus, the momentary disrespect toward other humans caused by machines is more than compensated for by the positive effects of those same machines.

[3] Another school of thought, exemplified by Perspective Two, argues that the main utility of machines is opposing point in a research paper their ability to perform repetitive tasks more precisely and more efficiently than humans, which leads to a more prosperous and progressive world for everyone. In auto plants around the world, robots build cars on assembly lines. Instead of having to of names essay pay a human employee a yearly salary, invest time in training that employee, and worry about liability should that employee be injured, manufacturing plants can now make a one-time purchase of an intelligent machine that will perform that same job at opposing point of view in a paper, higher levels of precision. This leads to college a more prosperous world for the manufacturers, as they are able to of view invest less money to get a better product. This perspective is fine as far as it goes, but is limited in stanford college essays its consideration of the implications. Robots can not only work in place of humans, but can also work cooperatively with humans to opposing point of view paper a greater results than either could have hoped for alone. This can be seen in highly complex and delicate surgeries, where a surgeon controls robotic microtools to of names perform operations that even ten years ago would have been unimaginable and impossible. [4] I agree with Perspective Three that the true impact of opposing point in a research intelligent machines in our lives is that they challenge us to meaning of names re-think our preconceived notions of opposing point of view in a research what people can do or become in the future. A final example of this is south park episode brain-computer interfaces, or BCIs.

Humans are able to manipulate computers with their brains via electrodes that are either implanted in their brains or attached (temporarily) to their heads. With these intelligent machines, formerly paralyzed people who had no hope of opposing research paper communicating with others are able to transcend their physical limitations by concentrating to form words out of keyboards on the computer screens. In addition, BCIs have captured the interest of people from all different backgrounds and are being applied to non-scientific fields like music to create new, previously unimagined instruments that react to college people's thoughts, adding a new dimension to point of view research paper an ancient art form. Truly, intelligent machines are providing the impetus not just for greater efficiency, but for greater accomplishments. [5] In conclusion, rather than taking away from our humanity, intelligent machines actually help us to move forward as a species to achieve new, previously unimagined possibilities. In these last 2-4 minutes, you want to read over your essay and college essays, trying to pick up a point or two by point research revising. In this time, you can do a number of things. You can, of course, correct mistakes : Paragraph 1, Sentence 2: [subject/verb agreement; change is bolded] The increasing prevalence of college essays intelligent machines in the world challenges us to change long held beliefs about our limitations and to continue forward to new and even more advanced possibilities. You can replace dull or problematic words or phrasing with fancier words or clearer turns of phrase:

Paragraph 2, last sentence. Thus, the momentary disrespect toward other humans caused by machines is more than compensated for by the positive effects of opposing those same machines. We can change it to: Thus, any momentary disrespect my mom might show to a customer service representative (as a result of essays frustration with the in a research paper, automated system) is more than compensated for by the positive effects of those same machines. There you go! Now you know how to grethe write a good ACT essay.

If any part of this was confusing, re-read that section. Research. Then try to do it yourself with a sample ACT essay prompt. Practice planning your essays in of names 8-10 minutes before you start writing . The time limits above should be your goal; start by giving yourself more time and then shrink it down. You can use the list from our ACT essay prompts blog post or any list of ACT-like questions and start with the planning stage . Opposing Point Of View Research. Don't forget to check out our full analysis of the ACT Writing Rubric, with strategies and explanations that can guide you in your essay planning! Our blog post about ACT essay tips has more in-depth information about the details of planning and arguing in essays on writing lizbeth the ACT essay.

If you've already taken the ACT and are wondering how the new essay differs from the opposing point of view in a, old ACT Writing test, definitely be sure to south check out our article on the enhanced ACT Writing section. Want to improve your ACT score by 4 points? Check out our best-in-class online ACT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your ACT score by 4 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes your prep program to point in a your strengths and weaknesses. Stanford University Essays. We also have expert instructors who can grade every one of opposing point of view research your practice ACT essays, giving feedback on how to improve your score. Check out our 5-day free trial: Have friends who also need help with test prep? Share this article!

Laura graduated magna cum laude from Wellesley College with a BA in Music and Psychology, and earned a Master's degree in Composition from the Longy School of Music of Bard College. She scored 99 percentile scores on lesson writing essay, the SAT and GRE and opposing of view paper, loves advising students on how to excel in high school. You should definitely follow us on social media. You'll get updates on our latest articles right on your feed. Follow us on episode, all 3 of our social networks: Have any questions about this article or other topics?

Ask below and we'll reply! Series: How to Get 800 on Each SAT Section: Series: How to Get to of view paper 600 on park ese essay episode, Each SAT Section: Series: How to Get 36 on Each ACT Section: Our hand-selected experts help you in a variety of other topics!

Looking for Graduate School Test Prep? Check out our top-rated graduate blogs here: Get the latest articles and test prep tips! © PrepScholar 2013-2015. All rights reserved. SAT® is a registered trademark of the College Entrance Examination Board TM . The College Entrance Examination.

Board TM does not endorse, nor is of view in a research paper it affiliated in any way with the owner or any content of human coursework respiration this site.

Translation, Transaction and opposing of view in a research, Operating Exposures Essay. In the world of corporate business Multi national companies (MNC’s) play a pivotal role. Owing to the limitation of the system, these companies are exposed to the volatility of the exchange rate changes. Myth of MNC’s possessing huge profit margins, cheap labor, and access to grethe economical raw materials although some what true, but there is also a huge financial risk these companies have to bear. MNCs generally deal in two or more than two currencies. If there are changes in the value of those currencies, companies are liable to gain profit if the change is positive. On the point research, other hand, if the writing a persuasive essay, change is negative companies would get exposed. Opposing Of View In A. This is an stanford example of opposing in a companies getting exposed to currency changes, but there are also variables like interest rates, commodity prices and equity prices.

Companies, which dwell in such an environment, have always been managing these risks. Initially these efforts were uncoordinated and ad hoc. Coursework. Nowadays, financial risk management is a complete science and opposing point of view in a research paper, is taken very seriously by corporations. Foreign Exchange exposures. Vulnerabilities which corporations face in the world of finance, due to exchange rates constitute foreign exchange exposures. They are also termed as “currency exposures”. Essay. Our deliberation would be on opposing paper, three currency exposures namely Translation, Transaction, and Operational exposures. It measures the change in the value of human coursework a deal from the time it was signed to point paper the time transactions actually take place due to change in exchange rates. Companies which deal in university college essays international trade face the risk of point of view in a currency exchange rates changing after a legal binding has been achieved. This variation will cause a lot of loss to the effected firm.

This form of exposure is of short term in duration because the effects stay there till the transaction of the binding happens. Transaction exposure refers to the contractual cash flows involving an actual exchange transaction. Companies, which receive or pay in foreign currency, are especially susceptible to this exposure. These companies have different reporting currencies. If there is a change in the foreign and the reporting currency it will affect the amount of reporting currency in the transaction.

A company with net receivables in a foreign currency is prone to losses in transaction if the foreign currency weakens in the exchange rate. Conversely, a company with net liabilities in a foreign currency will gain in the same situation. Operating Exposure: (Competitive Exposure, Strategic Exposure, Economic Exposure) This exposure deals with the college essays, estimation of opposing point change in the value of a firm, due to an expected cash flow change, incurred due to south episode an un expected change in exchange rates (Change in prices, increase/decrease in sales volume etc). The extent to opposing point of view paper which the future trading of a corporation or its assets and plan writing, liabilities may be affected by an unexpected change in its operating environment is opposing of view research, known as Operating Exposure. Operating exposure relies heavily on the relative pricing. If there is a change in the relative pricing because of any change in on writing the exchange rate, the operating change in the cash flow is referred to as economic exposure (operating exposure). The definition of operating exposure caters for the value of assets as well as flow of of view research cash that is expected. Translation Exposure (Accounting Exposure) It is the change in stanford the owner’s capital due to translation of foreign currencies to of view paper a single one. Whenever a company’s assets, debts, loans and income will change in south park ese essay its amount because of change in the exchange rate is known as Translation Exposure.

This is a particular phenomenon for corporations, which have their denomination in foreign currency. Of View In A Paper. Responsibility lies heavily with the accountants, which save the south park episode, firm from this exposure by giving a consolidated statement in research paper the financial sheet. They also utilize cost accounting procedures. In many cases this exposure is recorded in the statements of the company as gain or a loss after an plan exchange rate. Translation exposure exists when the financial statements of a foreign branch must be translated into the currency in which the of view research paper, parent firm is operating, so they can be incorporated into park ese essay episode, the parent company’s financial sheets by consolidation, equity or the combination method. Translation exposure is also referred as accounting exposure. The root of this exposure is the difference in exchange rates between the time of opposing point of view paper consolidation and there effect in plan writing essay the value of the company’s assets and liabilities which are abroad. An exposed item is the point of view in a research, one that is law bided by accounting rules to be translated according to the current exchange rates or the rate of the lesson plan a persuasive, consolidation date.

An unexposed item is bided by the exchange rate at which that item was acquired. A company with assets that are exposed surplus then the opposing research, liabilities in a foreign land is vulnerable to translation losses from decrease in the value of the foreign currency between two financial years. The situation would be the same if the liabilities were more and there is an appreciation in the foreign currency. Distinction between the foreign exchange exposures. Although these exposures seem closely related, but on close examination they do have differences. Differences maybe in the definition as well as the plan writing, their area of opposing of view research paper effect. On Writing. Operating exposure is different from the translation exposure from the core. It involves giving a predetermined value to all the future cash flows, and opposing point paper, then it measures fluctuations in the exchange rate on all operational cash flows, whether a transaction has taken place or not. Translation exposure has their profits and losses either directly on the cash flow or indirectly on the stockholders equity, financial assets, whereas transaction exposure has direct bearing on the cash flow. In terms of effect Transaction exposure is of short term whereas Translation and essays, Operating exposure have long-term effects. There is also a significant difference in the area that these exposures encompass.

Transaction exposure is limited to the particular deal, which has taken place. On the other hand, translation exposure focuses on a wider spectrum like Stockholders equity, liabilities, and assets which ever have to be converted in to point a single currency. Operating exposures encompass the widest of the spectrum, assets, all future cash flows, liabilities and there effect is the longest. Understandably there are a variety of factors, which can influence the operating exposures, like cost of raw material, pricing, and the volume of sales. The major distinction of the operating exposure is that, whereas Translation and Transactional exposures are limited to the individual corporation, but economic exposure has to cater for the effects of the exchange rate on its competitors. Another major difference once comparing accounting and operating exposure is that the former represents an exposure, which has happened, and latter caters for university college essays future exposure. Measurement of Foreign Exchange exposures. Foreign exchange exposures measure the profit margin, net cash flow, and the market value of a firm to vary according to the change in the exchange rates. Measurement of Transaction exposure.

Measurement of transaction exposure is fairly easy. It is measured from opposing of view, currency to essays currency. The amount of the contractually fixed list is calculated. The final payment according to point in a research paper the latest exchange rate for the currency in which the amount has to be paid is coursework, calculated. The exposure is the difference between the two. Measurement of of view in a research Operating Exposure. Measuring of the operating exposure is a tedious task and requires a lot of planning. Measurement of the operating exposure requires that we analyze and forecast corporations future transaction exposures together with the future exposures that the corporations competitors and to biology respiration be competitors will face. Let us assume that a company A has X number of transactions from its present and future dealings abroad. Opposing Of View Research Paper. The sum of these future transaction exposures would give a strong indication of the cash flow, as the exchange rate changes.

Company A’s worth competitiveness depends upon its cash flow and whether or not it has the capability to manage these transactions better then its competitors. Operating exposures takes into harald dissertation, account the opposing point of view, long term goal of the firm. It measures two types of cash flows: Operating cash flow constitutes payments for services, goods, and rent. South Ese Essay. It also includes payments of in a paper royalties, license fees, and management fees. These are payments for the inter company loans and liabilities. They also include payment of stockholder equity. Measurement of Translation exposure. Accounting exposure is perhaps the easiest of exposures that can be measured.

For measuring the current exchange rate should be known, then the plan a persuasive, difference between the local and the reporting currency is calculated. Corporations possessing individual investor’s money are viable to exposure by fluctuations in all kinds of opposing point in a paper financial retailing, as a natural by-product of their financial activities. Financial retailing includes foreign interest rates, commodity prices, exchange rates, and equity prices. The effect of changes in these prices has a magnanimous effect on the reported earnings. Its common knowledge companies reporting reduced or enhanced financial statements owing to essays on writing fluctuating commodity prices or gain due to favorable exchange rates. Hedging in the general sense is a company entering or creating a transaction, whose sensitivity to fluctuation in financial retailing offsets their vulnerability in their core business. Hedging involves a lot of planning and by no means is an easy exercise. Another major reason for hedging the exposure of the firm to its financial risk is to increase or sustain the competitiveness of the corporation.

It’s a world of financial competition and companies can not live in isolation.. they compete with other corporations domestically as well as internationally, especially between companies that produce similar products in the global market. Take the example of opposing point in a paper a pharmaceutical company that has its competition with domestic firms and also competes with other international pharmaceutical companies. Simple hedging techniques can render a company to effectively close in a deal or transaction at a predetermined exchange rate and minimize the risk of transaction profits and grethe, losses between the signing of transaction and the settlement date. To elaborate a US company was due for payment of 10 million pounds on May 1. Constant fluctuation of exchange rate was a problem which company was likely to face. Risk could have given profit but on the other hand there was equal chance of loss. To alleviate this problem the opposing point of view in a research, company decided to hedge a forward contract with the bank for the conversion of 10 Million pounds at a fixed rate of 1.7$/pound.

So, after receiving the payment of 10 million pounds from its customers it simply got them converted on the pre determined contract with bank. Different hedging strategies are employed while different exposures are encountered. Below are mentioned few of the strategies employed while tackling Foreign exchange exposures. Hedging of Transaction exposure. There are various ways of protecting against a transaction exposure including clauses in the contract, which keep prices fixed, forward contracts, various currency options etc. Forward market hedge : The above-mentioned example is of a forward contract where company had to receive payments in a foreign currency. So, in the hindsight they make a deal with the essays on writing, bank on the conversion of the same amount, at a fixed rate.

Money market hedge: In this hedge company refers to the money market, they either borrow or lend money from the money market, which is definitely interest tagged. Convert that amount according to the existing spot rate. Then invest that money for opposing point research paper a specific time period, which generally coincides with receivables of the foreign currency. Then give that loan + interest back. Thee are several variables attached with this transaction like the spot rate at which loan was converted, secondly the investment has to be sound otherwise this method will backfire. Risk shifting : As the name suggests this method shifts the risk equally between the companies in stanford college essays which transaction has to take place. Company will lay down the price of their export (generally strong currency), and import in weak currency. Point Of View. This is almost a foolproof method provided that the companies are well informed. This method has a net zero sum gain as exports and imports value are equal. Pricing decisions : This method is used where a company imports or exports on credit and the contractual obligation connects them with the forward rate but not spot rate.

Exposure netting : In this process MNC’s choose to transact in currencies where there are minimum chances of exposure. Choice of currencies is determined by the amount of fluctuation they go through. In this case more stable currencies are preferred. Of Names Essay. Corporations perform netting (choosing currencies which are not related positively). Effect of one currency exposure is reduced by the exposure in another currency. Currency risk sharing : customizing a hedge contract that has a Price Adjustment clause evolves this type of of view research sharing.

Contractual partners draw a base price, which is decided in south episode consensus. Base price caters for most of the exchange fluctuations. Partners decide to share any exposure risk beyond a neutral zone. Opposing Point Of View Research. If the harald grethe, exchange rate fluctuation is less and stays within the neutral zone then what ever profit or loss it would not be shared. Cross hedging : This method is useful where a forward contract is not available in a desired currency.

Solution to the problem is that a cross hedge is created in a currency which is related. Critical factor of this solution is that a correlation has to exist between the two currencies. Hedging of Translation exposure. Following are the in a research paper, methods by of names essay, which translation exposure can be effectively curtailed. Adjusting fund flows : We already know that translation exposure encompasses cash flow, assets, liabilities which have to opposing point be converted to another currency for the purpose of reporting. A helpful method of hedging the cash flow problem is changing the currencies or their amounts of the currency, which is functional by the parent or its subsidiaries.

This method would reduce reporting currencies cash flow. Forward contracts : This method is human biology coursework, similar to the one, which was employed while catering for point transaction exposure. The main difference is that instead of a transaction, an offsetting asset or liability is created for the loss or profit of translation respectively. Exposure netting : The method is similar to the one employed early for coursework transactions. Another currency is opposing of view in a, employed to create an offsetting effect. The effect has to be opposite to the one created by essays on writing lizbeth, translation. Hedging of operating exposure. Hedging of operating exposure is opposing of view, far more important for a firm’s long health then transaction and translation exposure combined. Diversifying operations : Diversifying operations means increasing the “breadth” of the firm. It will give an early and comprehensive indication of changes in the world market, and thus giving better reaction time to the managers. Diversifying financing : Its synonymous to the previous point.

A firm should diversify its cash flow in more then one market and more currencies. Pro-active Management : Operating exposure demands that a paradigm shift in college essays the policies should be done to remove any chances of currency exposures. Matching currency cash flows : If there is a continuous long exposure to a particular currency, then it can be solved by taking a loan in opposing research that currency. Risk sharing : The method is same as that was employed in transaction exposure. Back to back loans : This method is also known as credit swap. In this method two companies in different companies borrow each other’s currency for a specified period of time. This transaction is generally done on independent rates ( detached from Forex), but spot rates can be used. Currency Swaps : The major difference between this method and back-to-back loans is the documentation.

This method is not reflected in the balance sheet. Process is similar to grethe dissertation credit swapping. Leads and opposing point of view research paper, Lags : This method caters for operating exposure by re-timing its payments of foreign currency. By lead it means that payment is made early and vice versa for lag. Re invoicing Centers : The method involves a “middle-man” (separate subsidiary), creating a link between the parent or related unit and its subsidiaries in close geographic region. Writing A Persuasive. It gives freedom to all subsidiaries to opposing point of view in a research function in harald their currency and opposing in a research paper, the transaction exposure is with the center. It is the stanford college essays, era of “globalization” and in a research paper, international products are available at our doorsteps.

This is an opportune time for MNCs to prosper and strengthen their foothold. Consumers are also benefiting equally from this competitive environment, in terms of better quality of products and cheap prices. Exchange of currencies in this scenario is at an all time high for obvious reasons. Effect of these currency transactions is creating anomalies in the form of meaning exposures. In places, where there are dealings in of view millions these exposures gain enormous importance. MNCs by now have realized these problems and are taking pro-active measures to resolve them. Those companies which have not given exposures there due importance will suffer and lag behind in this financial world. Choi, J.J.

1986. A model of firm valuation with exchange rate exposure. Journal of International Business Studies. Shapiro, A.C. 1975. Exchange rate changes, inflation, and dissertation, the value of the multinational corporation.

Journal of Finance. Allen, Linda Christos Pantzalis. 1996. Valuation of the paper, Operating Flexibility of essays on writing lizbeth Multinational Corporations. Journal of International Business Studies. Buckley, Peter Mark C. Casson. 1998. Models of the Multinational Enterprise. Journal of point International Business Studies.

Greene, William H. 2000. Econometric Analysis. 4th Edition, New Jersey: Prentice Hall. He, Jia Lilian Ng. 1998. Harald Grethe. The Foreign Exchange Exposure of Japanese Multinational Corporations. Point Research Paper. The Journal of Finance. Jesswein, Kurt, Chuck C. Y. Kwok, and dissertation, William Folks, Jr. “Corporate Use of Innovative Foreign Exchange Risk Management Products.” Columbia Journal of World Business Fall 1995. Stulz, Rene, and Clifford Smith. “The Determinants of Firms’ Hedging Policies.” Journal of opposing point in a research paper Financial and lesson plan essay, Quantitative Analysis ( December 1985)

University/College: University of opposing point in a research California. Type of paper: Thesis/Dissertation Chapter. Date: 4 March 2017. Let us write you a custom essay sample on Translation, Transaction and Operating Exposures. for only $16.38 $13.9/page.

3422 Old Capitol Trail, Suite 267, Wilminton, DE 19808, USA.

althusser essays A Reading Guide -- Althusser on Ideology. L. Opposing! ALTHUSSER Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses (Notes Towards an Investigation) in human biology Althusser L (1977) ' Lenin and Philosophy' and opposing point research, Other Essays , London, New Left Books. Harald Dissertation! This is an influential, but seldom carefully read piece, quoted all over the place in opposing point of view in a paper Sociology of Education and Media/ Popular Culture or Politics texts. For many commentators, it summarises Althusser's main views on ideology, reproduction ,and the role of the individual, especially via the discussion of hailing. However, there are several other pieces in Althusser's overall work which offer different views, and getting the lesson a persuasive essay, overall picture of Althusser's attempt to revive marxism is helpful in locating this piece). In this collection of his work ( Lenin and Philosophy… ), try also the article Freud and Lacan on the individual.

The main arguments. 1. Social reproduction can be simple or extended. Of View Research Paper! It goes on in the whole social system outside production, hidden to the usual view. Stanford University College Essays! The productive forces must themselves be reproduced - labour power must be competent, provided with know-how and with rules, subjected to ruling ideology to employ knowledge conscientiously. This occurs outside production itself.

Know-how must take place in forms of ideological subjection. 2. Marx's base-superstructure metaphor should be read as referring to of view in a paper foundations, e.g. of a house, rather than to stanford college essays strict determination by the economy. Upper levels [later to be specified as 'political' and 'cultural/ideological' levels, as well as the 'economic' -- the EPI/C model] have only a derivatory effect, but can act reciprocally back on point paper the base - as reproduction of the base. 3. The State is not just a collection of ese essay episode repressive state apparatuses (R.S.A.s). Early Marx himself suggests this, but we should see this too as only a descriptive beginning. The issue today is State power as the centre of political class struggle. The modern State is opposing point in a research a plurality of apparatuses, including ideological state apparatuses (I. S. A. s). South Park Ese Essay Episode! These are still State apparatuses because their very private nature is itself decided by the State [so earlier formulations, including Gramsci's are suspect]. Point Of View In A! They function as State apparatuses. , by meaning essay ideology not by repression, primarily, although they are interwoven with R. S. A. s. They are unified by the ruling ideology which is opposing point of view in a research paper revealed in I. S. A. s precisely in contradictions.

The ruling class must dominate I. Harald Grethe! S. A. s, [although it must not look like it] providing a possible site of class struggle, and there are contradictions in ruling class ideology, leaving room for the exploited to gain power. But even so, any struggle would still only be in an ideological form, and point in a research, would be rooted elsewhere [a point overlooked by advocates of activist struggle in grethe dissertation the media, in education etc. Opposing Point In A! ?]. 4. Reproduction occurs through these I. S. A. s. Any force needed is already under the stanford college, control of the ruling class (r.c.) (including administrators.). The political conditions needed are secured via the I. S. A. s, via the opposing point of view paper, ruling ideology. As above, this is inevitably contradictory, having to balance r.c. interests against broader interests both national and particular, and having to reconcile r.c. interests with possibly conflicting issues like nationalism, moralism and economism. Harald! 5. Opposing Point Of View Paper! In modern capitalism, education is the main I. S. A. Park Episode! It fits people to the labour market and gives them an appropriate ideology. It appears neutral - knowledge can even seem liberating [a dig at some old lefties here]. Internal struggles - progressive challenges etc. - only make it look more neutral or natural: the real challenge comes from the educational crisis, the world class struggle. 6. Ideology in general has no history [i.e. Of View In A! no actual content, no concrete origin in wrong perceptions etc.], although specific ideologies do. Ideology in general is always imaginary, representing a non-historical reality.

Imagination is eternal [i.e. makes the same continuing, permanent, and wrong relations between people and social reality, the famous imaginary relationship of individuals to their real conditions of essays on writing existence.] Ideology is a representation of this imaginary relationship. It is not just an illusion which can be easily dispelled by a correct interpretation, not just a lie to fool subordinate classes, not just the result of a necessary alienation - ideology is needed in social life. Opposing In A! Ideology does not just misrepresent the real nature of capitalist society - the relation of grethe individuals to opposing point the realities is necessarily imaginary distortion. Harald! 7. Ideology has a material existence in point of view paper apparatuses, in practices which are represented. The imaginary relation at the heart of ideology in general is grounded in important practices which constitute individuals as subjects [i.e. acting individuals, with ideas of their own].

This subjectivity must be confirmed by harald practice, or else individuals can not be treated as such. Social rituals [note the similarities with Durkheim - or Goffman!] in ideological apparatuses confirm this view that we are subjects with consciousness of our own. This is done so well that subjects seem obvious and natural. Ideologies thus affect all practices and all notions of the subject, individuality, consciousness etc. 8. Ideology interpellates individuals as subjects -i. Point Of View Research Paper! e. the biology coursework respiration, very category of the of view, subject is ideological, and all ideology has the function [n.b.] of 'constituting' individuals as subjects. The very obviousness and naturalness of the south park, experience of ourselves as subjects is an ideological effect. We recognise ourselves as subjects - ideology has a recognition function as well as a misrecognition one [witty, no?]. 9. Recognition arises in rituals such as hailing - calling someone's name : ideology does this too, it hails us (interpellation), although we are usually unaware of this. It has done this eternally - an point in a abstract category of subject lies waiting for us long before we actually fill out episode, that category with detailed, concrete individual performances. [ There are clear links with positioning theory in Film Studies which argues that films hail audiences precisely in this way - see the file on realism . An example in Althusser. 10.

The Christian ideology says that God addresses individuals (hails them) in order to make each of us a subject, free to obey or disobey etc. But Christianity also expects recognition of God's constituting role back from the individuals concerned. To be a subject in Christianity, you have to subject yourself to opposing point of view in a research God - the human subject merely reflects the Subjectivity of God. 11. This mirror structure, where a centred Subject is surrounded by nothing but pale reflections of Himself is typical of all ideology - a system of mutual reflection of images guarantees the meaning, credibility of the whole system [this helps us distinguish ideology from marxist science, which actually produces new knowledge from productive work on ideologies -- as in the generalities model, and note the link with the mirror relation borrowed from Lacan on opposing point of view in a research Freud]. Rituals make all this work apparently quite naturally - Christians soon learn the on writing, difficult idea that to be a subject you must subject yourself willingly. The reality that is not obvious or easily grasped is that subjection of opposing subjects serves the reproductive function of the social formation. An example not in Althusser. 12. The ideology of assessment in educational systems says that individuals freely, and as an south park ese essay episode expression of their subjective knowledge, intelligence or quality subject themselves (submit pieces of work) to the processes of grading. If individuals gain good grades they are entitled to award themselves self-defining labels such as bright, academic, clever, suited for a higher degree, and so on.

Subjective prowess and personal status implies subjection to an impersonal and crudely operationalised grading system. Individual students are thus interpellated. They are allowed to make concrete the point in a research, abstract categories (grades) which await them. The whole system is self-sustaining - the more good grades you want, the more you have to submit work, the more work that is willingly submitted, the more rational, helpful and grethe, natural the assessment system becomes. The whole process is centred on a myth. Point In A! The reality that is stanford university college not so easy to grasp is that the assessment system serves to reproduce the technical division of the labour force, and point, its docility, required by capitalism see also Bowles and Gintis . This is not a conspiracy, not another example of alienation, not the result of open control by human biology a rapacious ruling class or academic elite - it is opposing point research paper necessary, one of the eternal practices by which individuals recognise themselves. No-one controls it . Some mugs think they do when they play the game in assessment - but, in the end, just as with Willis's lads (see P. Willis's book Learning to Labour or reading guide), the grethe dissertation, system reproduces its own requirements.

13. Point Of View Research! In the last appended section, Althusser admits that his analysis is too abstract, that the function of completing reproduction depends on a successful class struggle by university college the r.c. At most, I. S. A.s represent only the necessary forms of class struggle developed elsewhere [This restoration of class struggle might save Althuser from some of his critics who have accused him of functionalism etc -but he then leaves himself open to the charge of Hirst et al. (eg in Hirst, P On Law and Ideology ) that this is class reductionism of the old kind after all!]. In A Research Paper! The usual reaction to all this in British marxist circles is to condemn it all as hopelessly functionalist, deterministic, leaving no hope for activist teachers who resist or activist film audiences, underestimating resistance etc. Gramsci is usually preferred for meaning essay, a whole range of point of view research paper reasons. So, just to end on a pro-Althusserian note, for a change, try thinking about the following: 1. Gramsci locates one of the bases for activist resistance in areas outside of the State ( civil society). Althusser doesn't think much of on writing this concept, and point in a research, there is a hint of his criticism in the ISAs essay - dig it out from Section 3 and harald grethe, think about it. 2. Activism is often seen as a good thing in opposing point paper its own right (and it was very fashionable once among academics). Has Althusser simply forgotten about it in this essay, or has he offered any reasons for thinking activism is likely to be limited as a political strategy? 3.Is Althusser offering us no hope of radical change at all in this essay? Is this a conservative analysis?

Is it a functionalist one ( like, say, Davis and Moore or Parsons)? What marxist politics might (did!) follow from this essay? While you're here, let me also offer some notes on another famous piece by Althusser on ideology. This one is much less well known, probably, and it concerns what looks like a different definition of ideology. Here, Althusser is attempting to clarify the distinction between ideology and science, part of a major effort which led him into famous pieces like the essays on writing, one on opposing point research paper 'the Generalities'.

Of course, ultimately, the biology coursework respiration, project was to defend marxism as a science. Meanwhile, the piece offers a nice example of good skilled marxist 'ideology critique' --although you might need to know a bit about Rousseau's Social Contract to really appreciate it. READING GUIDE TO: the chapter on Rousseau, Althusser L (1972) Politics and History , Part 2, New Left Books: London. Here, Althusser argues that ideology is a theoretical practice, which is locked in a problematic which defines both problems and of view paper, solutions. It has a reflective, mirror structure.

It cannot produce real, concrete knowledge. Althusser goes on stanford college to apply this to Rousseau's notion of the social formation. Paper! This is a specifically theoretical object, produced from mere philosophical reflection, and producing definite theoretical effects of its own. Lesson A Persuasive Essay! Specifically, Rousseau's thought contains discrepancies -- ambiguities or contradictions. These can be 'solved' only by the introduction of further discrepancies. Ultimately, all these specific discrepancies are traceable to opposing of view research a fundamental one -- between the 'concept in theory' and the 'real concept'. The first discrepancy . South Park Ese Essay! The relation between individuals and the community is conceived as a Social Contract, in of view research Rousseau. South Ese Essay Episode! This is odd though, because the two 'contractors' are the same thing, according to Rousseau.

The community and the General Will emerge only after individuals have constructed it together. At the same time, individuals can only opposing of view in a paper really be free and fully social after the General Will rules. This is surely ambiguous. Althusser goes on to suggest that Rousseau owes a debt to Hobbes in all this, although this is not immediately obvious. Rousseau can only get out of this discrepancy by saying how the Social Contract actually emerges. However, when he tries this he only runs into. The second discrepancy. The Social Contract is established as a result of the pursuit of the personal interests of individuals, and Althusser says that Rousseau was at stanford university essays pains to stress the point of view in a, personal benefits of south episode it all for individuals, as all liberals must.

Rousseau's emphasis is on 'moral benefits' , but as he acknowledges, there will be slightly more material benefits too, such as the right to own private property and to pursue material economic interests. We all know that that will lead to massive social inequality, and for marxists, of course, that does not benefit many individuals at in a all. The real advantage to university college be gained in moral communities, suggests Althusser, is opposing paper that they regulate capitalism rather better than 'Nature' does -- 'Nature' was Rousseau's earlier utopia. Rousseau recognises this, but hopes that some elusive moral freedom will emerge once the General Will is released. However, moral freedom and economic freedom fit together rather uneasily. T he third discrepancy . Apart from all the usual problems and ambiguities about how the General Will preserves and reconciles individual wills, Rousseau is very confused about the dangers presented by sundry sections or factions who might pervert the General Will.

Althusser says Rousseau knows very well that these are the really important social groups, and that they will, and south park ese essay episode, do, dominate real social conditions. However, all he can do is simply hope that they won't interfere. Other practical problems -- such as the mechanics of political constitutions and so on -- are well discussed in Rousseau, but this issue of factions is simply denied. In A Research! For Althusser, of course, these factions are social classes, and meaning essay, they determine or constitute both of the mythical polls -- the opposing research paper, General Will and the individual will. Anyway, at the first really crucial confrontation between the grethe, theoretical model and real social conditions, Rousseau's whole argument fails to comprehend or to give a plausible account. The fourth discrepancy . Rousseau does offer major reforms to attempt to suppress the role of factions:

First by educational reform and general Enlightenment in mass education -- found in research just about all the liberals. The problem remains that Rousseau offers no good reason (one based on actual interests, like the whole thing is, allegedly) for such a programme. It is only worthwhile if you take Rousseau's vision of society as a matter of faith, as a 'civil religion'. Rousseau offers no conceivable rational social base for such programme, in other words. Secondly by economic reform by the State, involving mildly socialist programmes of redistribution, flavoured with a bit of nostalgia for pre-industrial forms. However, though, Rousseau offers no real economic or social bases for these programmes either -- all he is left with is mere 'moral preaching'. Harald Grethe! In both cases, Rousseau is opposing point of view research trapped by a reality he cannot analyse. He can only appeal to old bits of ese essay ideology which already exist, such as a kind of secular Christianity at times. He does offer us one other way out, though -- fictional utopias like the point of view, one described in Emile! Reading all this again in the late 1990s is really rather interesting. This is Althusser at the height of his powers, really, confidently asserting marxist science against the forces that were already at college work in France which threatened to end its monopoly for ever.

Benton (1984) offers a clear account of the development of Althusserian marxism. It is a long and interesting story, but we can summarise the main developments in terms of problems with the interpellation model: 1. The ideological messages offered to the helpless subject in ISAs turned out to be far from clear and opposing research, far from park ese essay, simple. At its most abstract, this emerged with further work on language and opposing point of view in a research paper, how it worked. All language was contaminated with ambiguity, it was argued. In marxist terms, this ambiguity could be explained as the residue of past class struggles -- hints of the old suppressed meanings of lesson plan essay terms like 'freedom' remained despite concerted attempts to make them fit only capitalist freedom. This insight is usually associated with 'formalist marxists' like Volosinov, and gave rise to one interesting experiment to in a try to biology coursework respiration detect such oppositional residues in the language of point of view research paper Glasgow workmen (Woolfson 1976). Pecheux traced similarly oppositional readings of different kinds in his own work (Pecheux 1982). Harald Grethe Dissertation! There is an excellent online essay on Pecheux, with considerable relevance to contemporary cultural studies by Montogomery and Allen in the splendid Canadian Journal of Communication . You can access it on opposing point research paper the S Zupko site ( see external links) In Britain, we might be more familiar with Hall's (1980) work on alternative possible 'decodings', classically of the messages in the mass media ( see file) . This might still require only an amendment to Althusser, but the real problems arose with 'post-structuralist' analyses of harald language, which put a considerable amount of uncontrollable ambiguity at opposing point of view in a the very heart of language systems (to put it simply). Authors could still attempt to lesson a persuasive essay fix meanings as tightly as possible, but the most determined efforts were doomed to rely on little tricks and glosses to of view in a research paper cover up ambiguity, which were inherently unstable: for meaning of names essay, every clear statement or image in an ideological discourse, there were alternatives, 'ghosts', lying dormant and waiting to be activated. The problem gets worse when one considers the huge amount of alternative texts floating around which suggest such alternatives to the most innocent reader.

Worse still, marxist analyses themselves were, it had to be admitted, just another kind of attempt to fix or center meanings, using the same tricks and glosses. 2. The apparatuses themselves needed to be investigated. They might have the formal function of interpellation, but that did not entitle us to opposing of view research paper assume that this is what they actually did, or that they did this without contradiction. Apparatuses in harald liberal democracies especially had a number of functions to discharge, including maintaining some sort of critical distance from dominant ideology. It is all very well for Althusser to assume that these apparent alternatives only helped strengthen the authority of ISA -- but that needed to be shown. There are several attempts to show how these institutions work -- later Gintis and opposing of view paper, Bowles (see file) analyse the lesson a persuasive, school system as a site of such contradictions and opposing of view, struggles between the liberating and ideological phases. Thompson's celebrated (1978) critique of Althusser pleads for an analysis of how ideologies actually get produced, with all their struggle, hesitation and ambiguity, before becoming safely installed in ISAs.

Hall et al (1978) try to show that the mass media are genuinely independent and critical to some extent, yet those very professional values can still preserve overall ideological frameworks nonetheless ( see reading guide)(and for a more general commentary see Harris (1992)). 3. The 'knowing subject' needed to be examined. Stanford University College! There ensued a whole shift towards the in a research, notion of the 'active subject' after this essay was written, largely based on the notion of essays floods of textuality we mentioned above, rather than on the usual rather nave view of opposing point in a ourselves as clever individuals. The active subject alone can fix meaning amidst the flux of intertextual references available to him or her. In their famous analysis of the essays on writing lizbeth, Bond movie (see file) , Bennett and Woollacott argue that there is no point even in talking of of view research a singular (ideological) Bond film, so varied are the readings of the on writing lizbeth, individual 'formations' (not individuals) likely to be -- and opposing of view, the ideological codes, which had been so carefully analysed in the earlier work only existed, in effect, if they were read. Despite these problems, 'interpellation' or 'positioning' approaches remain in much critical work in Cultural Studies, often accompanied with warnings about their assumptions. The most outstanding example is in the work on essays the Disney site, (see file) in my view, which often cheerfully assumes that Disney parks do and must interpellate their visitors in a very straightforward way. Of View In A Research! Perhaps it is now a matter of faith that this must be so for the critic? Benton T (1982) The Rise and Fall of of names Structuralist Marxism , London: Macmillan. Hall S et al (1978) Policing the Crisis: Mugging, the State and Law and Order , London: Macmillan.

Hall S et al (eds) (1980) Culture, Language and Media , London: Hutchinson. Harris D (1992) From Class Struggle to in a the Politics of Pleasure.. .,London and New York: Routledge. Thompson E (1978) 'The Poverty of Theory' and Other Essays , London: NLB. Woolfson C (1976) 'The Semiotics of Working Class Speech' in CCCS (eds) Cultural Studies 9 , Birmingham University.

Facebook Boost Post Experiment – Results Revealed. In a previous article I mentioned that I wanted to try out the Boost Post on a Facebook Fan Page. Now the goods are in! I recently made a video for my Headphone Review site that I thought might generate a little buzz. With that, I was thinking this would be the perfect opportunity to see if the boost post feature could help drive my Facebook likes, comments and opposing of view in a research interaction to unreached previous levels. First, let me say this – I’ve been far from aggressive with social media strategies, which in today’s world is pretty much a brain-dead move. I definitely under-utilize Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn and every other social media outlet out there. That’s largely what is fueling my efforts to try out coursework these various channels and opposing of view in a research make them start working for me. Below, I’m sharing the meaning, pre and post Facebook Boost campaign to show you exactly what happened with my efforts. Now let’s get into the meat of this writeup – where I started.

This is how many page likes I had before boosting my post. As you can see, I have a pretty small following on my Facebook fan page for my headphone review site. Compared to the 4,300 subscribers I have on YouTube, I really need to step up my game, which I was hoping to do here. The Post I Boosted. This was shortly after I added the post to Facebook. As you can see, at this point I had only point of view in a research, 42 people who saw the post. Generally speaking, I end up around 150 total views on a post within a day or two. Being that this was just a couple hours after I posted the content on Facebook, I wasn’t surprised the university college, number was this low. Page Like Trends Pre-Boost. I thought it might be interesting to see what my trend for page likes was prior to the post so that we could examine the trend afterwards to see if my campaign generated any noticeable differences.

Pre-Boost Reach and Interaction. Here you can see what my typical reach and opposing point in a interactions look like. What I can tell you is human biology respiration that I have a few followers that are my main source of of view in a, interaction – if I post something, they pretty much click like every time and generally will leave a comment on a post. Essays On Writing! Those are the people you want on your page as they create a bit of buzz for you. One other thing to note here, anything where I included my own content and not someone else’s, my views and point research paper interaction were higher – notice the HiFiMan posting had the lowest views and interaction (other than the newest one – simply due to time being live). Now it’s time to show you the steps I took to how I set up the meaning of names, campaign. Let’s explore some of the options that were available.

Default Campaign Options. As you can see above, when you first click that Boost Post link at the bottom right of the post. You’ll notice that running this campaign would set my post up to show in the newsfeed of current fan’s friends. Being that this is a headphone post that I’m trying to promote, I thought that just doing friends of my fans would be too limiting – notice that the estimated reach is 6,200 = 12,000 of approximately 34,000 people. Changing the Target Audience. Now take a look at the estimated numbers. By changing my target (rather than friends of fans), my estimated reach for the same $30 is now 540,000 – 1,000,000 people.

Being that my target would be anyone and everyone who likes to listen to music this seems to be the best route to take! Reach for Various Price Levels. Now that I set my target audience, I wanted to see how much I would get for my money. To my surprise, the in a research, numbers for $15 were the same as $30! If you can get the same for half the price, then why pay double?! Needless to say, I figured 540,000 reaches for $15 was a bit of writing a persuasive essay, a bargain so I went ahead and chose that option. Campaign Payment Options. Once you are done choosing your campaign settings and you click Boost, you’re then greeted by point of view in a research the payment page. I actually appreciated the south park episode, fact that they had PayPal as an option because I don’t like doling out my credit cards all over point of view in a research paper, the internet. I chose this and university essays proceeded. NOTE: Even though you set up your payment at opposing point research paper the time that you create the campaign, you’re not actually charged until your campaign has been finished for a few days.

This is grethe dissertation because Facebook pushes hard to opposing point of view research paper get you to continue your campaign after your initial funds have been used up. Once everything has been set up and human respiration your payment has been entered, you will now see the “Promoted for $xx” at the bottom right of point in a research, your post. Clicking that will show you the details of what you’ve selected – here you’ll see that Facebook has to stanford university college approve my promotion – my guess is opposing of view in a research paper that they want to make sure that nothing vulgar, derogatory or copyright infringing is taking place. Essays! One thing to point of view paper note on respiration this – BEFORE YOU BOOST YOUR POST, make sure you have everything stated EXACTLY as you want it to appear because once you’ve created a campaign, you can no longer edit your post . So let’s take a look at opposing of view in a paper the results here. The first thing to notice is that I had 9,156 people “see” this post in their news feed!

At first glance, that’s pretty exciting stuff. Any time you see that number rise, my excitement tends to follow suite. What’s NOT so exciting though is that my $15 was spent and 9,156 is meaning essay a FAR CRY from the 540,000 the Boost Options led me to believe I’d be getting. Point Of View Research Paper! Also, having 9,000 views doesn’t tell the on writing lizbeth, whole story. In A! What exactly does that mean? Let’s dig a little deeper… Campaign Detailed Results. Now we can see the real details of what actually transpired.

Notice that of my 9k views, I had a very small amount of south park ese essay, real interaction. Let’s break this down to percentages: Video Plays: 0.14% of people who had this show in their news feed actually watched the video (you read that right, less than 1%) Link Clicks: 0.11% of point research, people who had this show in human respiration their news feed clicked the link in point of view research the post. Post Likes: 0.06% of on writing, people who had this show in their news feed liked the post. Those are pretty bad results.

Granted, I didn’t spend a fortune here, but I was less than impressed with the results of the of view in a research, money spent. Again, I probably wouldn’t have been so disappointed if the total reach hadn’t been so far under what the estimated reach was supposed to be… Actual Views vs Estimated Views: 9,156 vs 540,000 : That is 1.6% of what was actually estimated by the company I was paying to do the campaign. Grethe Dissertation! It’s not like it was a 3rd party giving me an estimate of how many people would see the post – no, it was FaceBook itself who was giving me the estimate. That’s the primary reason I was irritated by the drastic difference in the actual versus estimated reach – they weren’t even in of view in a paper the ballpark.

Let’s put it this way, if you buy a car based on fuel economy and the car promises it gets you 35 miles per gallon. You take that car out and drive it like a normal person would and you only harald grethe dissertation, end up getting 0.56 miles per gallon (that’s right, half a mile to the gallon), would you be very happy?! Yeah, I didn’t think so – that’s exactly what happened with this Facebook Boost Post feature. Bottom line on that – if you are the company providing a service and you’re the opposing in a research, company providing the estimate, it should at south park least be in the ballpark of reality. 1.6% is misleading and bad business practice in my books. Another thing to opposing point notice above – you see that they now entered in lesson writing a persuasive a number of $285 to continue my campaign and opposing point in a research that it would reach and harald grethe dissertation additional 64,000 – 120,000 people. Why would I believe that now?!

Obviously the previous estimate was way off, and of view in a now you want me to lesson writing a persuasive essay spend 19x the amount to opposing point of view in a research reach only 64,000 people?! Again, follow my math here. $15 * 19 = $285. So, with my initial $15, I reached approximately 9,000 people as I would have received 150 of lesson plan writing a persuasive essay, those views on my own. So, if I were to take 9,000 x 19, I would expect my post to reach 171,000 people, NOT 64,000. These numbers just don’t add up for me. So they want me to of view in a paper pay 19 times more than what I originally paid to reach only 7 times the people. And, I have to take this all on good faith that these estimates are closer to the real thing. Human Coursework! Obviously this is a very frustrating scenario. Number of Page Likes after the Campaign.

So what about the Page Likes? Did I see much from the opposing point research, campaign….well, I can’t attribute whether the TWO extra likes were from the campaign of if they just trickled in meaning of names essay from my other efforts on YouTube, Twitter or HeadphoneReviewHQ. Opposing Paper! So, let’s assume that I did get these two subscribers from this campaign (just to give it the benefit of doubt), that means I paid $7.50 for each like. Harald! Not great results there. Boosted Post Reach and Interaction. So what about the reach and interaction? We’ve already determined that the reach was over 9k.

Just to opposing of view paper show the real difference between the interaction of the paid vs my normal posts, jut take a look above. The large orange block is the one I paid for. Ese Essay Episode! But, the interaction isn’t as great as two other teaser posts that I wrote just above it. Am I glad I did this? If I hadn’t tried I’d never know what would have happened. $15 is a pretty low barrier to point in a research paper entry for this experiment. Would I do it again knowing my results weren’t what was promised or expected? Yes, but, I have some thoughts on meaning of names essay that.

First, I would obviously ignore what the point paper, “estimated reach” would be as it was nowhere within the realm of what actually occurred. HOWEVER, the one thing I would change is that if I were going to park boost a post again, it would be on a giveaway or some major promotion. My main thinking is that people love free stuff, especially popular free stuff. In A! For instance, I might run some sort of promotion where I’d give away a set of Beats headphones or something along those lines. Of Names! Are Beats my favorite headphones? No…but they are probably the most well known headphone on opposing point of view the planet right now. Lesson Plan A Persuasive! Would I promote just a regular post ever again? Nah. Being optimistic, maybe those handful of video likes got me 2 or 3 additional subscribers on in a YouTube. The cost per acquisition is just too high. However, if I ran a promotion and meaning of names told people they had to share and like the page on Facebook to point research paper be entered into university the drawing to win 1 of 3 prizes or something along those lines, I think the results could be impressive.

Shocking (or not so shocking) Facebook Boost Post Video – you absolutely must watch this… 32 Responses to “Facebook Boost Post Experiment – Results Revealed” Can you please tell me the minimum number of page like am suppose to opposing point of view research paper have on meaning essay my page before i will have “Boost Post” at the bottom of my posts. I really don’t know. Opposing Research Paper! My guess is it’s the same number of page likes that is required to be able to see your statistics. I wish I knew for sure though. There isn’t a minimum or maximum, FB just decide themselves which pages to allow Boost on park ese essay episode and which pages not to. Of View In A Paper! I have no idea how they work out their formula though they have one.

So it actually has nothing whatsoever to do with how many Likes you have. This was really useful, I was in two minds about boosting a standard post on dissertation my page, as I was never quite sure if the estimates were accurate. clearly they are not! Thanks for posting this! My pleasure man. $15 seemed like a small price to of view research pay to plan writing a persuasive find out what that boost was all about! Hi Allan thanks for the post. I too thought I’d see what boosting a post did. My first attempt was turned down for in a research paper, having to much text.

Wasn’t sure what that was about. The second attempt went well. I was even more conservative than you. University! I spent ?3 ($5) to my friends. Opposing Point Of View In A! I got over 1000 extra views so the expected number was consistence with what FB promised. Essays Lizbeth! I got 2 new likes from the post, the post got 6 likes and in a research one Share. Not staggering. What is more interesting that one of my other posts after the boost got more interaction and likes from people I don’t know. On Writing! So more people interacted with my page, but they failed to Like my page. Point Of View Research Paper! I think the Liking of dissertation, FB isn’t as important anymore as people can dip in and out, also how many times do we look at the LIKED page on FB? Something I want to ask people.

I like plenty of opposing point of view paper, companies but very rarely look at that page. Anyway just like you I’m glad I did it. I think I would experiment once more with a different post and to a wider audience, but again keep my costs down because not sold on stanford university the benefits. For me Twitter is the best social media to focus on. Opposing Point In A Research Paper! LinkedIn more professional and get business leads from.

But now Google+ is meaning huge. But still learning that. So much to do. Good luck. Neil. Thanks a million for opposing point research paper, sharing your experience. Stanford! That’s interesting that your paid advertising was in line with what Facebook said would happen.

I really wish I knew why mine was so underwhelming. To your comment about page likes not being important, I somewhat agree. Opposing In A Paper! I, like you don’t really go looking at their pages all the time, but if I hadn’t liked their page, then their latests comments/posts wouldn’t show up in meaning of names essay my feed (I don’t think they would anyways). It’s interesting – to me, I’m the opposing point of view in a, worst at lesson a persuasive essay keeping up with social media simply because I’ve always felt like it was ego-centric, but then again, I know that’s a bad move on my part. I’ve been trying to do more with social media of late, and thinking about of view in a research paper, that right now, I’m failing with this site simply because I don’t think I have a social media presence for untethered income, but, back to south ese essay the point – the ONE reason why I like Facebook over Twitter is it’s easier to have real conversations. YouTube limits to point in a a small paragraph, Twitter is one liners and I need to get onto coursework respiration, LinkedIn to find out what I could be doing there. Point In A Paper! There’s also Pinterest and seemingly an un-ending number of social sites out there today and keeping up with it is just insane. Again, I definitely appreciate you taking the time to harald grethe leave a response here.

I look forward to doing more of these experiments to opposing point in a paper see where the college, greatest payoff exists! Please stop back by opposing point in a research from time to time! Thanks for writing, this post. I have also tried fb boost but I wasn’t approved. I got a mail from opposing of view research them that I was boosting a post that doesn’t agree with fb guidelines. I am a newbie iMer, what I did was, I copied the sales letter on plan writing a persuasive essay my website and use it as post on opposing of view in a paper my fb admin panel page then try to boost it, maybe that’s whay I wasn’t approved. I would greatly appreciate it if you could give me some advice about how I can drive targeted traffic to my website. My website only serve people in my country. Thanks in advance for your help.

I’m not really sure why it wouldn’t have been approved. I’d have to see the copy to on writing know exactly what was in it. In A! My guess is south park ese essay Facebook is wanting you to opposing promote people coming to your page. Lizbeth! I’m not sure if sales-copy is something they approve of – I’ll have to opposing point research look into lesson plan a persuasive essay it a bit further. It’s page authority. If you have a Facebook page with little interaction the numbers will be off and paper not reach many people. It’s all in FB algorithm they have now.

So, the more interactions, comments, shares, likes and relative information will all be a factor in how the people receive the harald dissertation, I information and how effective the campaign will be. Once you get your likes up even further around 1,000 and relative content, many comments, etc run another campaign and I think you will be surprised at the results:-) Thanks Andrew for opposing research paper, the information. It’s definitely something I’ll try again. The biggest thing I took issue with was Facebook’s own “estimates” of how much traffic I’d get, when I didn’t even come within the ballpark of that. But again, thanks for south, stopping by and sharing. Really great insight , and exactly the info I was looking for. Thanks for opposing research paper, your detailed and clear explaintion. You’re very welcome! Glad you found it helpful.

I released a new magazine/blog a few weeks ago, and harald grethe dissertation have been posting daily on its FB page. Last weekend, out of curisoity, tried to boost one post to see what would happen. Found the results to opposing point in a paper be abysmal. First of all, there is no way to see Exactly what your post will look like and say in others’ timelines. I suspect FB is truncating some of the text.

I didn’t spend much money: only $15. But, still, what is the point of spending any money– let alone a lot if it– if you don’t know exactly what the audience will be seeing. Second, I made the audience parameters pretty specific. But the one person who “Liked” the FB page from the campaign was basically a gangster in East Brooklyn, and the one person that “liked” the post seemed like a new emigrant from of names South America who did not speak much English. On one hand, this is fine– of course the blog is for anyone, and opposing point of view research any apprciation is nice.

On the other hand, this is totally not the audience I specified through use of keywords. Here are the results of the campaign: FB analytics claimed that “4,284 People were Reached.” Of this number, 10 people clicked on the post. If the post looked ok and didn’t have text truncated, how could only 10 people of 4,284 click on it? One could post virtually anything in lesson writing essay front of 4,300 people– even a photo of some random object– and surely more than 10 people would click on it. Of the 10 people who clicked on opposing in a research paper it, 3 people supposedly actually clicked through to the magazine website (which was the point of the whole thing).

1 person “Liked” the essays, page on FB. And 1 person “Liked” the post. Point Of View In A Research! (And, as I mentioned, none at all from the audience I was going for.) These are absolutely abysmal results. Grethe! There is definitely something very ‘off’ here. Also, I notice that FB analytics often does not post the correct click-through results, often low-balling them.

I can tell this because after posting to FB, I will go onto the corresponding post page on point of view paper the website itself, and essays see that, for point of view in a, instance, 7 people clicked “Like” on lesson essay it (they only could have gotten there through FB). But FB analytics will say, for example, that 2 people clicked through, or even 0 people clicked through. I’ve noticed that this happens all the time. Finally– maybe someone can answer this– what is the of view in a research paper, purpose of harald dissertation, putting Facebook’s “Like” button beneath posts on one’s website? When people click the “Like” button, it only shows up on opposing point of view research paper the website post, but does not appear on the FB post. If this is the case, why not just create your own customized “Like” or “Approve” button on your website, without using FB’s design? Glad to essay see I wasn’t the only person frustrated by the results and more importantly, you experienced the same inconsistencies I saw as well. To answer your question about why put a like button – my understanding is that if you’re logged into Facebook and you click one of those like buttons on a website (assuming it’s linked up properly), then that page should show up in point in a research your Facebook activity feed.

Thanks for sharing your results. Definitely doesn’t seem that the ese essay, return on in a research investment is quite there, at least not with the way their current system is set up. Ok. I don’t think basing it on lesson essay one attempt is going to give you a good idea on the effectiveness of boosting. You must also be very aware of opposing of view in a paper, what action your content is calling for. If it’s just an opinion piece you are going to far less engagement than a “Like this page to win…” promotional post. Lesson Essay! In my experience, a 10K reach for $15 is pretty much in the ball park. We are also able to convert around 10% of the reach to actual page likes using a fangate application in conjunction with a promo. So yes, there are pros and cons to Facebook boosts. It all depends on your strategy and goals. Structure your content to garner maximum engagement.

Ask interesting questions. Make people curious. Then you will see some benefits to it. Boosting just for the sake of it will rarely give you any results. Thanks for sharing. To be fair, most of in a research paper, my complaints were based around Facebook’s own estimated numbers versus what actually happened. Considering it’s their own application that is in control of what the reach is, I think their numbers should have been WAY more accurate than the were. But, to your point, I completely agree – something like a promo would be much better suited for a boosted post. Mine was just an experiment to see what MIGHT happen with just trying to get the meaning, post in front of more people. My next experiment will be exactly what you mentioned (and what I mentioned at opposing of view paper the bottom of my article).

Allen, I appreciate your article. Biology Coursework! I am contemplating running my first ad soon on point of view in a paper Boost Post or Page Post Engagement. I once heard an experienced Facebooker say do not target large audiences. Stanford University Essays! The ad would be spread too thin. The reason given was that an opposing of view in a research paper ad usually has to be seen about seven times before it stimulates interest. Therefore, over a given number of day a small audience (5,000 – 7,000) would see the ad seen more times than 100,000 would. Of Names Essay! Thus, the probability for more likes would be greater. Again, I am inexperienced. Point Of View Paper! It’s just that your article reminded me of what I heard.

Be well! PS: If you haven’t already, take a look at https://www.facebook.com/Get10000Fans. I think I am going to buy it when my budget allows. Thanks for sharing Leon. If you’re contemplating doing it, I’d go ahead a try it out – you’ll never know until you try. I do appreciate the human biology coursework, feedback – the targeted makes a lot of sense. The one question I have regarding that is whether targeting a smaller audience means that the same “post” will be showed to them more than once.

Interesting… Hello, nice post. I got question, I ordered one boost post for 5 dollars. Opposing In A Paper! After it finished, I canceled that boost post, because I didn’t want to spend more money on it., but I still didn’t get charged on my paypal? Should I just wait or? Thanks. I believe mine wasn’t charged until about a week later. Don’t worry, they’ll get their money!

I think it’s important to dissertation share my experience so far and let you know that Facebook advertising is a waste of your money and a scam. We’re hosting a giveaway and had 521 Organic views on the giveaway post for the last two weeks. In an effort to point in a get more volume to our page and more people entering the contest, I decided to park ese essay boost the point in a research paper, post by paying $15. As of right now $1.12 of human biology, that $15 is gone and I still have the 521 post views, but now it’s saying 293 of those are organic and the remaining 228 are from the paid boost. So ultimately they just changed my Insights so that it looked as if almost half of the people that viewed that post were from the boost.

If I hadn’t waited 2 weeks to boost the post I probably wouldn’t have known. I’m going to be posting this comment onto multiple blogs to point of view paper get the word out – do not waste your hard earned money (no matter how little $15 may seem) on these scam artists and thieves. University College! I’m certainly going to keep the opposing point research paper, Facebook Page up, but they will never get another dime from me. Wow, that’s worse than I thought. Definitely frustrating, and more than a little dishonest. If this is what they’re practicing regularly, I have a feeling they’d better keep buying up companies as fast as they can as once people realize how ineffective their “investments” are, the money will stop flowing in. I finally decided to stanford college boost one of my posts based on in a the experience one of my friends had.

The first post I boosted on lesson plan writing a persuasive $40 budget claimed it would reach around 60,000 (if I remember correctly). According to Facebook it has reached almost 130K. Not bad. Of View! OK. Grethe Dissertation! I had a few page likes, etc. Worth it, in my opinion. Following that, I boosted another one of opposing point research paper, my posts for the same $40 using approx the same parameters but that post only ese essay episode, reached 70K people. I did get a few more page likes but it seemed odd to me that the reach was 1/2 for the same budget.

All total, I spent $95 (I had one other boost for $15) and point paper had a total of 8 page adds/likes. Which, quite frankly, is essay more than I have seen form other methods I have tried. So I went to boost another post with the opposing point in a research, same parameters with the same budget ($40) and essays on writing lizbeth it claims the reach is opposing point now only 13K. Why is the number suddenly so low for the same budget and constraints. Another complaint: The first post took a few days to use the grethe, whole $40 budget. The second boost took less than that.

It seemed to deplete the budget much more rapidly. Not sure why that would be. In the end, I did get some page likes. Of View In A Research! It remains to be seen if I get any tangible benefit/sales from boosting my posts. But, the inconsistency of the meaning of names essay, numbers seems suspect to opposing point of view paper me and I am unlikely to use the boost feature again. Thank you ! this is really a good review very descriptive , I don’t think you will need to pay the 15$ to meaning get more likes on this one #128521; . Still debating whether I should attempt to get people to glance at my page. lol. Thank you for your experiment. Research Paper! I appreciate how well written and thorough your process was. Thank you for sharing your experience with everyone. I’ll share mine too: last week I decided to give the post boost feature on Facebook a go. On my fan page, I created a post (video content) and made the boost settings such that I would reach people not connected to my page but who will be interested in the content.

I’ve set the budget to $15, and Facebook estimated it will reach 40000 – 50000 people. At the end of the campaign, the coursework, post reached 30000 people, which was not within the opposing point, estimated range but close enough. I also got 19500 engagements. Today, I decided I wanted to do it again, with a new video post. I used the exact same settings as the last time, but with a budget of episode, $10. So far, $2.67 have been spent just to paper reach 660 people! This means a reach rate of 247 / $1 compared to south episode 2000 / $1 for the previous campaign! This is almost 8 times less reach! Also this reach rate is totally inconsistent with the estimate given by facebook for $10 budget, which was between 20000 – 40000. PS: by opposing point paper default, Facebook optimizes the stanford university, boost for engagement, and point research paper I’ve kept it this way, although you can choose to optimize it for impressions or for clicks. Great article!

Thank you very much for your diligence. I didn’t just find your experiment useful to human respiration my own FB ad inquiries, it was cool to read as well. And I also liked the addition of the video at the end, which I watched in full. I’m so glad to have seen this before investing my time/money in FB advertising for a fledgling business. let me share my story… Its a page to promote my ebooks. I was wondering how to point of view in a paper generate more traffic to it and help improve my ebook sales. So i set up an ad for countries around the world since i want my books to get known worldwide. Here is what happened. I got more likes from India and those regions than anywhere else in the world. I have gained them by meaning of names essay the thousands in just over opposing of view in a research, a week which i found amazing.

I knew a bit about the click farm but did not go into this with that mindset. results so far.: over 3000 likes in lesson writing a persuasive essay a week on opposing point of view research less than 40$ i actually post some comments on human my page and i see people liking the opposing point of view research, comments and my post reach is getting bigger as i get more fans. I am not sure at this point if people are just clicking thru click farms or simply that they are real fans of my page and really like what i post. So far “It appears” to me that these are legit fans. But i am barely gaining any fans outside those countries which is stanford college kind of point, discouraging because you are only building a fan base in one general area. Those people seem engaged but i have seen no difference in lesson plan a persuasive essay ebooks sales even if i actually offered all of these people to get my ebooks for free as an opposing of view incentive to be my fans.

I have many fans and lesson writing a persuasive essay its growing rapidly everyday and it seems i have engagement on my page but no difference in opposing research the way it is affecting the human biology, business i am trying to get up and running. I tend to believe that these might be legit fans but they have no money to spend on opposing point of view paper the type of product i have for sale which makes my likes worthless at this time. My only hope at this time is that the page gets big enough so that somehow it get plugged by someone with a big internet push and then i can pick up fans form the rest of the world and then really get my business off the ground. I dont think its wasted money because i have seen some promising results. But it feels like you are trying to stanford university college sell a fridge to an eskimo at times. The ads are cheaper to get out in those countries but as they say… its better to have 100 fans who buy your product than to have 1000 who buy nothing for whatever reasons. First of all, thank you for this educational material you shared!

Just like on point of view university, you gave us a lesson followed by case studies (comments) My experience- it took me $16 to realize that the whole thing is a big scam. Thank you everybody for sharing your experiences and essays on writing lizbeth helping each other!! Thanks for of view, breaking this down so well! I just experimented with my first boosted post for harald grethe dissertation, $5. It was reassuring that it got a lot of ‘likes’, because so few people were seeing my posts before, I didn’t know if they would.

But it only point of view research, got one page like, and I stopped it after about meaning, $3 because I couldn’t edit it to try and get more. I’ll probably try a few more with different calls to point in a research action since they aren’t that expensive. […] your fans, those not interacting with your page, you must “Boost” your posts. I thought this article was very informative and eye opening about what it means to “Boost Post”. I like his […] My Promise to You: I WILL NOT SPAM you with endless sales pitches I WILL provide USEFUL tips and tricks to help you get started or to earn more with your business I will share EXCLUSIVE information in the newsletter.

What You Need to Make High Quality Videos on a Budget. I've been asked many times over the past year or two how to get started making YouTube videos. Of Names Essay! What type of equipment do I use, etc. Opposing Of View In A Research! What I'm going to cover in this article is biology respiration what you can use to point research paper get started producing professional looking videos on a relatively small budget. I have a full list of park ese essay, equipment inside, so let's get started. In A! Read more » The reddit Experiment – Early Results. Back again with another experiment. This time using reddit to drive traffic to a fairly new site that me and a couple of friends started up. As you know (or will soon find out), without some serious help from external sources, be it popular blogs, mentions or social sites that somehow find you, it can be very difficult to drive any amount of traffic (qualified) to your websites. Coursework! With that in mind, one of my partners is opposing of view in a a little more into the social media world than I am and he has been opening my eyes to new sources of traffic, including reddit.

Follow the link to essays lizbeth read and opposing see some of the awesome results from just a few small posts on reddit. Read more » How to Build Your Own Amazon Affiliate Links. You've looked all over the place and tried to figure out how you can build your own Amazon Affiliate links without having to use their tools. why? Because using their tools is a bit of a hassle. Meaning Of Names Essay! You just want a quick way to be able to do this yourself but you don't trust all the of view in a, blogs on the internet because you want to be SURE that you're getting your affiliate earnings. I've got some good news for you - come on plan writing a persuasive in and see how to create your links and how to opposing point of view in a paper verify they'll work. Read more » Password Manager – The Most Important Utility In Your Tool Belt. One thing you'll quickly realize when staring to do anything online is that you become buried in dozens of passwords. Biology Coursework Respiration! The biggest problem, other than having to keep up with all these passwords, is that we have a tendency to opposing in a become lazy in making good ones.

Often times people will re-use passwords (worst thing you can do), or they'll start coming up with patterns for remembering passwords on south park various sites. There are a number of bad habits that form with passwords, and there are a couple of good solutions out there to help alleviate the problem. Read the opposing of view research, article to find out how you can improve your security online while making password management secure and more convenient. Read more » Ideas to Help You Become a Finisher. Too often, I find myself sitting down to accomplish something only to get sidetracked by something that I feel needs some attention. A perfect example is a site that I've accomplished very little on because every time I go there to do something, I find something that needs to be tweaked on the site rather than creating the content that is so vital to the site's existence. Other times I sit down to write some content, and for some reason I just find myself staring at the screen rather than doing anything useful at all. Meaning! If you've had this happen, trust me, you're not alone.

Come on in to find out some things to help you stay focused and finish your tasks. Read more »