Date: 22.4.2017 / Article Rating: 5 / Votes: 552
Argumentativekidblog.web.fc2.com #Lennie small of mice and men essay

Recent Posts

Home >> Uncategorized >> Lennie small of mice and men essay

Lennie small of mice and men essay

Mar/Sun/2018 | Uncategorized





The Character of Lennie in Of Mice and Men Essay - 673 Words

Lennie small of mice and men essay

Buy Essay Online -
Lennie Small - CliffsNotes

band business plan I just got home from a wonderful Thanksgiving dinner with my mother, sister, brother, niece and nephew in lennie of mice, Franklin Park, New Jersey. The roads were slick from an early snow shower that turned to freezing rain. As I was driving home it dawned on me that I haven#8217;t written a blog post (on any topic) in essay, over a month. Lennie And Men? But tonight I suddenly found the inspiration to compulsory organ essays present A Sample Music Business Plan for lennie and men, Your Band. Of Political? For those of you who haven#8217;t read my previous posts on this topic, I#8217;ll briefly bring you up to speed. I wrote a post on Music Think Tank Open that was transferred to small and men the main page (an honor in economy, my book) called How to lennie small and men essay Write a Music Business Plan.

It was a bit fluffy like this one might end up and one of the MTT readers called me on it. The first comment was, #8220;Would have been stronger with a template or sample.#8221; I got pissed off and created a template. Thanks again Justin. However, I never provided a sample for two reasons. One, I thought that I might loose business opportunities by review methodology providing a sample of and men, a plan that I#8217;ve done. Compulsory Organ Essays? People like to lennie small of mice copy plans instead of learning the steps or hiring a business plan writer like myself.

Two, because business plans as you will see in the sample below, are confidential. Half of my clients will make me sign a Non Disclosure Agreement and swear me to secrecy for socialization, good reason. Luckily for you about a year ago, one rap group from lennie small VA gave me the go ahead to publish their plan, but we#8217;ll get to that in a moment. Every time I sit down to write another music business plan I think about all of the starving artists out there who have failed to see the value in the business planning process. There are all sorts of books out there telling people not to plan. Condition Human? I personally don#8217;t understand that concept at all. I#8217;ve read that planning is nothing more that guessing recently. Of Mice And Men? If that#8217;s the case, I#8217;ve been one lucky dude. I plan everything.

I plan what body part I#8217;m going to work at the gym tomorrow, what I#8217;ll have for dinner the next day and what I#8217;ll will wear to work on Monday. Compulsory Donation? I honestly feel that I would not be as successful as I am if it weren#8217;t for of mice essay, careful planning. Its obvious that planning a business is much more intricate than planning your personal life. If running a business was as easy as having an idea and going for it, we#8217;d all be rich. A plan not only provides you with a framework for growth, but also takes a closer look at the details of compulsory organ donation essays, your business; ones that are typically over and men essay, looked without a business plan. A CEO has to manage everything from personnel to product development and marketing to distribution and accounting.

How is one supposed to conceptualize that process in their head? The answer is clear to me. You can#8217;t. Essay? Whether you are planning to approach a bank or family member for lennie small of mice, financing or simply look at ways to improve your business, a good plan includes the five sections that follow. Xenophobia Essay? Details on each of these plans can be found in previous posts and outlined in depth in my template, You don#8217;t have to take my work for it however, there are tons of resources online that will tell you the same thing about business planning. Over the years I have tailored these plans to mirror the needs of the lennie small of mice and men ever changing music industry. Even this plan that I am presenting today is of date, just a year after I completed it. That should tell you that a business plan should be a living and breathing part of your business and airways pains analysis, updated as your wants and needs change. Without further ado, I present to you a sample music business plan for indie hip hop group, The Northern Southerners. Northern Southerners Business Plan Northern Southerners Financial Statements.

Kevin Englishis a marketer and student of the arts, who blogs about the skills and and men essay, strategies necessary to get the most of your musical career at http://eleetmusic.com or on organ essays, Twitter @eleetmusic. Nice piece Kevin. In the future, I see investors providing funding for of mice, well organized groups that have traction and a working business model. Terry McBride#39;s Nettrwerk Group started a joint venture fund called Polyphonic where his company#39;s intent is to invest in artists that are in a place where they could grow with the 5 factors of political socialization help of outside funding. Any band with a good team and essay, there business in condition human, order can benefit from doing a business plan. Doing one properly provides any band#39;s music business with an excellent road map for future growth. If you are a band already on solid financial footing doing a business plan can only increase your self awareness. Lennie Small And Men? Additionally, if you are serious about investor funding, most serious investors will want to see at the very least a detailed well thought out essay Executive Summary of small of mice essay, your project. Thanks Dave.

Polyphonic looks interesting. Its about condition essay time someone stepped up to the plate to lennie small of mice take advantage of the scaling of of china, independent musicians. I#39;ll have to do some research on them myself. Hey Kevin, not sure you#39;ll remember me, but we connected back in the spring and and men, we talked on airways case, the phone briefly about my music business plan. Lennie Of Mice And Men? I#39;ll say for the most part, the pains case analysis majority of what I planned for (or more so my goals) got accomplished and I#39;m moving on to rehashing out things for lennie small of mice essay, 2011 that I simply did not get to this year. Human? One thing I learned as I implemented my plan was that some things took longer (and more $$) than I wanted and and men essay, I had to of political learn to be okay with that.

Like my album for instance. I thought a May 2010 release, but it ended up being released November 2010. But the thing is is that it was my first one and I had no idea how it played out in reality. I read a good book recently, Rework, that had an interesting chapter on plans--thought I#39;d see what your reaction was. To summarize they say: - plans are fantasy, there are too many factors out of your hands to predict. - start referring to your business plans as guesses. - plans let the past drive the and men future. - you have the most information when you#39;re doing something, not before you#39;ve done it. - they advise not writing a long winded plan, because it mostly ends up collecting dust or being constantly rewritten. I#39;ve experienced these realities in my past life helping non-profits write strategic plans and seen the of china plan utterly fall apart or not even used for small and men, numerous reasons. In the music industry today, which is constantly changing, I completely agree that all the components you mention for of literature review in research methodology, a plan should be thought about and written down, but do you think this means musicians should write several short-term plans a year or phase them out? It probably depends on and men essay, the goals of the artist.

The follow up question I have to your post is economy, taking a plan and essay, implementing it--how does one do it? Other than doing it, what should be in place to airways study ensure the music business plan shows success? I wanted to those those questions out for readers here, but my two quick answers are--A) just start doing it (how else does anything get done), and B) incorporate metrics into the plan. Lennie Small? www.brianfranke.com/thinkingaloud (music blog) Of course I remember you. I#39;m like an elephant when it comes that kinda of thing ;-) This post is purposely in direct contradiction to that section in ReWork for two reasons: 1.) I#39;m not trying to of china sell you a book (yet) 2.) I#39;ve personally seen businesses fail because they didn#39;t plan. 37 signals is lennie of mice, a great company and the authors are very smart guys, but when I hear you say things like everything you PLANNED for you accomplished, it further underscores my point. Growing Analysis? To answer your questions: Start by small reviewing your finances. If you don#39;t have the money to record, market, distribute and promote you cannot proceed. Measurable goals is the name of the game. Compulsory Essays? You have to know how many fans, shows, and digital downloads you need in order to become profitable.

Otherwise your plan was created in lennie of mice essay, vein. Great hearing from you Brian. Keep up the good work! Kevin, I#39;m glad the topic of music business plans has come up, because I#39;ve been trying to wrap my head around them for a while. Of Literature In Research? After reading over your post and the provided documents, I#39;m still very skeptical about their practicality. (I don#39;t intend to come off as a jerk - its hard to ask critical questions online without sounding like one) First off, it seems like the plan for Northern Southerners is basically to small of mice essay do what every other aspiring band and label does. Economy? Produce albums, merchandise, and small of mice and men essay, tour. Sources? To me, this all seems like stating the obvious.

I don#39;t understand how this constitutes a guiding plan. Under what circumstances will the folks at Northern Southern ever encounter some question or situation in which they say, hmmm, i dunno, we better check and see what the of mice plan said, and then crack this thing open and donation essays, have their answer? It all seems very substance-free. Then there#39;s the lennie of mice essay finance page. am I reading this wrong, or does it end stating that they#39;re going to condition essay human be $80,638 in lennie of mice and men, the hole at the end of the year? Obviously companies need to incur some startup costs, but for condition human, a PLAN, this certainly seems to end on lennie small of mice and men, a bit of in research, a cliffhanger! Fuirthermore, (And I have always, always wondered this), how the small of mice and men heck can ANYONE project music sales for xenophobia, a startup act?

Granted, they project a year end total of only $10,700 in total sales, which I suppose is realistic. Lennie Small And Men? but what are those numbers based on? Isn#39;t knowing that more important than a plan that includes get a customized myspace layout? I guess I just don#39;t see how spend money on a publicist and promoter equals a marketing plan. I understand how a plan that defines participants roles, describes specific strategies, and sets clear benchmark goals can be useful. But this plan does none of that. However, even if it did, my overarching question remains; how can ANYONE predict revenue or sales in this music industry for new products or artists? It seems to me like things either catch heat, or they don#39;t, and it usually comes down to sources of literature review in research who is able to work their media connections best and get the most exposure. I#39;m really not trying to tear this post down, I#39;ve just been told time and time again about the lennie small of mice essay importance of business plans in of political, music only to see a laundry list of very basic promotional activities, combined with seemingly imaginary financial projections. I would very much like to hear where I am missing the point.

Thanks for reading and asking some very good questions. Lennie Of Mice Essay? BTW you don#39;t come off as a jerk. I see exactly where you are coming from and I intend to help you understand where I think you may be missing my point. You should always be skeptical of new ideas, especially when they appear from an unfamiliar author on a blog that claims to be the most relevant think tank in the new music industry today. I#39;m a huge skeptic myself and further more I#39;ve never been known for blowing smoke when it comes to the music business.

Independents should protect their right to call, bullshit, so I#39;m glad you were man enough to do so. Condition Essay Human? In any event, here are my arguments. Point #1: First off, it seems like the plan for Northern Southerners is basically to of mice and men essay do what every other aspiring band and label does. You#39;re correct. It is economy essays, exactly that. What is different here is that the Northern Southerners have put it on paper in order to identify the holes in it. How can you find flaws in lennie of mice and men essay, what you propose to do without seeing all of the details out in front of you? They have also itemized what the cost are for each basic step of the way. Sure, most (not all) artists know how it goes: ? record and album, market it, promote it and xenophobia essay, distribute it. Now ask yourself, how many artists can say they have contacted all of the vendors necessary to carry out lennie small those four obvious steps, and of literature in research methodology, project how much this labor of love will cost them in 2011? The Northern Southerners can.

Point #2: Under what circumstances will the lennie small and men essay folks at Northern Southern ever encounter some question or situation in which they say, hmmm, i dunno, we better check and see what the plan said, and then crack this thing open and have their answer? Thats a perfect segment to xenophobia point #1. The Northern Southerners are often asked by investors to forecast what they are likely to spend next year. Conversely they will also have to lennie take an educated guess about economy how much money they will make. Think of a business plan as a big budget. Do you tell your banker that you are skeptical about budgeting for lennie small of mice and men essay, college, auto purchase or home loan?

That you don#39;t see the value in planning for those types of compulsory organ donation, expediters? Why is and men, a music business any different? If you say, because its too hard and 5 factors of political socialization, it either catches or it doesn#39;t, makes me think that it is even more important to plan. Of Mice And Men Essay? Not less. Music is emotional, I know, but businesses aren#39;t. Organ Donation? Remember, I didn#39;t make these rules, I#39;m just presenting a way to bridge the two truths. Point #3: (And my personal favorite) Furthermore, (And I have always, always wondered this), how the heck can ANYONE project music sales for a startup act? How about we start with your neighborhood and say, Who is most likely to buy my album in this town? What does my target customer look like?

What do they do for fun? Where do they hang out? Let say you come up with one market segment that is lennie small of mice, 30 year old men. What do 30 year old men do on a beautiful day like today? Watch football. So you can either come up with a catchy song about how Titans CB Cortland Finnegan got his ass beat last week and put it out on the internet too see if it catches You can look at sources review methodology the City, County and State Census records to find out and men exactly the number of 30 year old men that live in your neck of the woods. Essay Human? Then you take your marketing tool(s) of small and men, choice and examine the of political socialization industry standards on say, pay per clicks (if you plan to use internet promotion). That is what this and any other good financial plan is based on. Cold hard facts about potential customers and the current economic climate. Not lofty ideas and passing thoughts about small and men essay how great your music is.

Look I#39;m not going to elaborate any further in this comment, but please feel free to ask more question here, via email, twitter or phone. I#39;ll leave all of my contact info at the bottom of the post. I finally had a chance to skim through this. As someone that has invested in, written and of literature in research, consumed my fair share of lennie of mice, plans, here#39;s my feedback: Your plan is a fine friend plan. Airways Growing Pains Case Study? It#39;s a plan that close friends with money to of mice essay burn (in a wood stove) might invest in. However, I don#39;t believe this is the type of jetblue growing pains case, plan anyone could sensibly shop to strangers (as investors). Here are a few reasons why: The upside you are offering is far too low for the perceived risk involved. Small Essay? I would never put $100K into something as risky as a band unless I was going to own a significant chunk (probably far more than 20%) of the entity that controlled all the rights and IP. You need to demonstrate that you are taking some of the 5 factors socialization significant risks off the table. Without signed rights and services agreements, there#39;s no minimal guarantee that the songwriter or lead singer is not going to drift off to some other band/venture.

As Justin said, the plan is lacking in substance (sorry).. Lennie Small And Men Essay? The music comes first; music sales, merch sales, touring, selling stuff - these are obvious things. I want to know what you are going to do to propel yourself to the moon. The 6% return is nice if you are a bank, but I want to know how I am going to end up owning a chunk of a $35M annual business two years from now! What#39;s the unique, unusual, inventive, off-the-charts thing (strategy) that you are going to employ that#39;s going to 5 factors of political socialization put you on lennie of mice and men essay, the map and keep you on the map? (This could potentially include using investor money to of china hire a prominent manager.) If you are going to pitch business plan 101 to artists, IMHO you need to essay really dig into my 360 deal documents (http://bit.ly/gtGanm) to review methodology develop an understanding of lennie small and men essay, how to 1) minimize risk, 2) align incentives, 3) capture all potential revenue streams, and 4) paint a picture of significant upside. If the hardest thing in the music business is putting lyrics together with a melody to create a popular song, then the second hardest thing is finding the money you need to do everything else. In this industry, before you even write a plan to raise $10K, you better have 1) excellent songs, and 2) a believable strategy that#39;s going to make you into a true, viable business. Cheers.

Strategy for a viable business. Bruce I know you love lists: New Order: choose the economy of china essays worst singer to not only sing but also write the lyrics (some of which are literally made-up gibberish). Lennie Of Mice And Men? Stay signed to a label that refuses, on principle, to finance PR. Invest the majority of any money made in essay, a nightclub that loses money hand-over-fist (and don#39;t buy the essay building it#39;s in, just spend hundreds of thousands of pounds on its refurbishment). Sources Of Literature In Research? Name yourselves after Hitler#39;s own term for the Nazi party. Jimi Hendrix: restart your career as a black, psychedelic rock star in another country where black people are still a novelty, by supporting Gene Pitney and small of mice and men essay, Engelbert Humperdinck, then return to your country of birth and economy, try to start your new career there by supporting the Monkees. Pledge support for small of mice and men, the soldiers in Vietnam whilst presenting yourself as an xenophobia alt. Lennie Of Mice Essay? culture freak (change your mind later).

Perform and record the national anthem at sunrise with feedback guitar and sexually provocative hip thrusts. Die from ingesting your own vomit after building an intense mythology about your drug-taking powers. Nirvana: oh, you can fill this one in yourself. Socialization? Success? Yes, all three, business-wise. Now, if you#39;d asked the managers, the story would have an ever-so slightly different slant, right? Ladies and gentlemen musicians - please, find yourselves people who are good at business in order that you need not be. Ladies and lennie small of mice, gentlemen, gurus, advisers and marketeers - please, find yourselves some musicians who are good at music and prove your theories. Thanks for taking the time to read and comment. I sincerely respect your judgement and expertise.

Correct. The Northern Southerners came to me for a business plan to submit to a family friend that was already interested in xenophobia, investing, but wanted to see their business on paper. You need to demonstrate that you are taking some of the significant risks off the lennie small of mice and men table. Agreed. I#39;ll look into this further with future plans of the sort. As Justin said, the 5 factors of political plan is lacking in substance (sorry) Don#39;t be sorry. This is small essay, your professional opinion. Granted, everyone isn#39;t at the same level as you are. This plan may lack substance for you, but be very relevant to someone else. If you are going to pitch business plan 101 to artists, IMHO you need to really dig into my 360 deal documents (http://bit.ly/gtGanm) First of all I#39;d like you to understand that I#39;m not pitching (Lord knows I have enough work to do).

I#39;m simply sharing what I know with the people who have asked. Please remember that this plan is compulsory organ essays, a sample. Not the end all be all or a guaranteed road to success. I want to lennie small essay know what you are going to condition do to propel yourself to the moon. Lennie Small And Men? Finding something unique that with propel the artist to the moon is organ, no easy task. No one has found that thing from of mice essay my knowledge. Socialization? Not sure why I#39;m expected to include this in the plan. In any event, the Northern Southerners #39;thing was the fact that they were able to clear a Bruce Springsteen sample for their lead single. That#39;s a lot more than some can say. I#39;ll respond to and men the only coherent sentences in your comment above. 5 Factors? Ladies and gentlemen musicians - please, find yourselves people who are good at business in lennie small essay, order that you need not be.

Really? How much will that cost you over the course of your career? Isn#39;t it better to know the business than to relinquish control to someone who says they are acting in your best interest? Ladies and gentlemen, gurus, advisers and marketeers - please, find yourselves some musicians who are good at music and prove your theories. Essay? Are you good at music? Let#39;s try some theories out with you. Keep the comments coming everyone! This is lennie essay, how we will progress as an industry. figured that was pretty coherent. how about: these are three examples of very successful artists, none of whom, on paper, would seem to have had a viable business plan. In Research? And as the world of pop is full of lennie and men, similarly successful musicians who have had chaotic careers that they couldn#39;t have possibly planned for, I would say, though there might possibly be exceptions (and I would love to essay hear about them - honestly, that#39;s the point of lennie small and men essay, my comments) who started off with a business plan as opposed to a dream and a riff, basically, success from chaos is the norm and to state otherwise needs proof. So, if you are making a solid offer to work with one of my artists, to create living proof, please mail me off-site and let#39;s talk about it. What you are referring to condition is the magic that happens when an and men artist hits the airways growing pains case study analysis big time.

It would be foolish to think that none of of mice and men, this was planned. I can#39;t say if Kurt, Jimmy or any other popular musician has taken this path. Organ Essays? All I can say is that they would have been better off by knowing a little bit more about their business. Just like any other business man or woman. You don#39;t have to believe me or trust that my theory works. Small And Men? You can keep on dreaming and believing that one day all of economy of china essays, your musical dreams will come true. It#39;s your choice.

And yes, that was a formal invitation to take something that you have created and test my theory once and for all. Will email you offline and post the results here. Finding something unique that with propel the artist to the moon is no easy task. Lennie Of Mice Essay? No one has found that thing from my knowledge. Not sure why I#39;m expected to compulsory include this in lennie small of mice essay, the plan. A solid plan template/example might provide a detailed step by sources review methodology step plan on how similar artists are making money. Lennie Of Mice And Men? Look at artists in the iTunes Top 200 lists (any genre, not all are signed to labels, for any given month). Look at artists that are performing in condition, venues operated by Live Nation.

Many of theses artists are making money, and not all of them are legacy artists, and not all are signed to major labels. How did they get to where they are now? What was/is (past, present, and future) their business plan? How long does it take? What are the key ingredients that are propelling success? Etc, etc.. Can this success be replicated?

What did it cost to get there? And so on.. You need concrete, fact-based examples to raise money from outside investors. @Kevin - I#39;m sure there have been many plans made by many artists, but the idea that they are transferable just can#39;t be proved. Sure, we can all learn lessons from history and we can all plan hopefully, so maybe that#39;s how we should look at your plan. I#39;ll look forward to hearing from you. @Bruce - as ever, intriguing me into action - I had a good look at the UK top 200, of which I found 8 artists who are apparently not signed either to decent sized labels or production companies. Of Mice? Some have arrived at their success by organ essays slightly more independent routes, most have a decent financial push behind them, if I took an educated guess. Unfortunately, nearly all the #39;randoms#39; do seem to lennie small and men essay have a uniting factor: novelty plus cultural good timing: Brett Domino, Bruno Mars, Xamder Rawlins, aberlour choir, captain ska, yeo valley rappers. They all have other groups and sources of literature review in research methodology, org#39;s supporting them in various ways, because of who they are, from radio stations to the patriotic British public. Of the other two: Afrojack and lennie small of mice essay, Yolanda be Cool, you could easily put the latter in the novelty bracket, depending on your POV on Europop. 5 Factors Of Political Socialization? Afrojack is lennie, connected to Spinnin#39; Records, a dance indie based in Amsterdam, so might also be discounted, although I#39;m not sure how big they are.

I couldn#39;t find what we might call #39;start-ups#39; or purely artist-run labels; even the jetblue airways study analysis labels apparently owned by artists tend to have deals with a bigger label or publishing company. Of course, there might be a whole different picture in the States; with its tradition of decent-sized, locally based labels with support from lennie small of mice and men large radio stations in the area, the impetus and infrastructure might be in place to facilitate smaller crews in organ donation essays, a release. I know that certain hip hop labels have managed to do well, in lennie of mice and men, the grand tradition of #39;if they won#39;t release, we#39;ll do it ourselves#39; that led people like Sam Cooke, James Brown, Curtis mayfield and The Isleys to set up their own labels. This is just a snap look and, at Xmas time, more likely to feature novelty songs, perhaps. Xenophobia Essay? But still, disappointing and surprising, even for digital cynic me. most have a decent financial push behind them Thus the point of the business plan to lennie and men raise money.. Record label or not, it#39;s still money + humans + an execution plan that#39;s making it all work.

One could possibly raise money if they #39;plan#39; to hire the right humans and execute a #39;plan#39; that has historically (at least over the last ten minutes) worked. On a related matter, I believe it#39;s incredibly difficult for the average investor (fan) to gauge popularity potential against competing alternatives (for investment money) in human, the marketplace. The means to small of mice and men essay measure this are crude at best (e.g.: call someone that knows someone that worked at a record label five years ago.). So possibly the compulsory best plan might be not to bother with plans and just try to be the most exciting band in the world in lennie and men, the hope that #39;money + humans + an execution plan#39;, in other words, a label, or a production company, or a publishing or a management company take you on. On the essays evidence, it#39;s a better #39;career path#39; than any other. Investor = fan? It#39;s possible, but unlikely. I know some crazy fans think they own the artist they love in some way, but buying their music doesn#39;t make you an investor. That#39;s just free-market capitalist speak gone mad. in other words, a label, or a production company, or a publishing or a management company take you on. Lennie And Men Essay? Sure.

Aren#39;t they the groups that are supposed to be writing the plans? I had very little thought that artists would be doing it all independently. There#39;s a label, production company, publisher, or management company in socialization, every town now. They are the lennie of mice and men ones usually seeking an investment. Absolutely, although they are far and few, even in most big cities in the UK. In the whole of Scotland (pop: 5 million) there#39;s hardly a publisher, very few management companies, one serious, specialist PR company (although I think they may have just moved to Brighton). There are quite a few bespoke online labels and a couple of very small indies.

There is one, very large promoter. The over-all music economy is tiny. That#39;s a small target to aim for, for most artists. Most of the one billion profit and x-billions turn-over, in essay human, other words, the lennie small and men business, is in London. I#39;m sure it#39;s similar in jetblue analysis, the States - with hotspots of finance like Nashville, NY and LA. I honestly don#39;t think the roads to travel on have altered all that much for lennie of mice and men essay, artists, because of the internet. As you say, Bruce, you don#39;t expect the artists to be doing it independently - apart from the very odd exception, I don#39;t think that#39;s happening. Although, I would love it to be possible. Socialization? Really very useful and important news for everyone.

Terry McBride#39;s Nettrwerk Group started a joint venture fund called Polyphonic where his company#39;s intent is to invest in artists that are in a place where they could grow with the help of outside funding. I thought that I might loose business opportunities by lennie and men providing a sample of a plan that I’ve done. Jetblue Airways Pains Study Analysis? People like to copy plans instead of and men essay, learning the steps or hiring a business plan writer like myself. I am going to subscribe to 5 factors of political this feed also. Thanks a lot! Very interesting site and articles. Really thankful for sharing.

Will surely recommend this site to lennie small essay some friends! Regards, Again very useful and very important for everyone. Terry McBride Nettrwerk Group started a joint investment fund intended polyphonic ring your company is to invest in artists who are in a place where they could develop with the help of external funding. Sources Review In Research Methodology? I could lose business opportunities by providing a sample that I plan. People like to lennie essay copy the plans instead of learning the steps or hire a business plan writer like me. I#39;ll subscribe to this channel. Thanks! I recently had a friend of mine ask me to help him with a business plan for his group and I am glad I ran across this article. I had a few business courses in school so I thought I knew a little bit, at least enough to set the rough outline, but this article (as well as the comments and critiquing!) were very helpful!! I think I need to get with him and let him know he may need to take this thing more seriously, and consider a professional writer! This work is licensed under a Creative Commons License; except rights to all songs posted to Music Think Tank are reserved by the song's controlling rightholder(s).

Powered by Squarespace | Designed by of political Sculpt | Managed by small of mice and men Hypebot.

Pay for Essay and Get the Best Paper You Need -
Of Mice and Men Critical Essays - eNotes com

is a bibliography Dissertation on New Woman Novelists (preliminary stage to Ardis's later book, see Ardis 1990). Assumes an early beginning of the small of mice essay modernist era. Attempts a diachronic arrangement of literary works. Compulsory! Provides many textual references. Ardis, Ann. 1990. New Women, New Novels: Feminism and Early Modernism . New Brunswick London: Rutgers UP. Batchelor, John. Small! 1986. The Edwardian Novel.

London: Duckworth. Beauman, Nicola. Compulsory Essays! 1983. A Very Great Profession: The Woman's Novel 1914-39 . London: Virago. Beetham, Margaret. 1996. A Magazine of Her Own?: Domesticity and Desire in the Woman's Magazine, 1800-1914 . London New York: Routledge. Study on the development of (conservative) women's magazines in the time of 1880-1914. Boom in the 1990s: New Journalism . Lennie And Men Essay! Change of images of jetblue pains case study women to small, a limited degree and in opposition to the New Woman : discussion of middle-class working women, modification of the image of the housewife, division of the reading public into mothers , girls , fashionable women , women at home , ladies.

Culture of advertisement. Beddoe, Deirdre. Methodology! 1989. Back to small and men, Home and Duty: Women Between the Wars, 1918-1939 . Growing Case Analysis! London etc.: Pandora. Study on the situation of women between the wars.

Key words: misogynist trends in lennie of mice and men, society, female education as an enclave of emancipation, professions for women, health, leisure, reading, cinema, radio. Images of Women, influence on women writers. Bjorhovde, Gerd. 1987. Rebellious Structures: Women Writers and xenophobia essay the Crisis of the Novel 1880-1900 . Small Essay! Oslo: Norwegian UP. One of the few books specifically focusing on interpreting fin-de-siècle highbrow texts by women. Textual material: four representative authors of the late 19th century - Olive Schreiner, Margaret Harkness, Sarah Grand and George Egerton. Of Political! Forerunners of modernism, prepared the grounds for modernist change in terms of content and form: Authors address matters of female concern gained importance in the public consciousness at the turn of the lennie century and shortly before. Essay! Tension between positive and negative evaluation of the of mice and men essay New Woman as an essay interesting topic to narrate. Foci of New Realisms: Scepticism, questioning of conventional values, transgression of conventional Victorian conception of lennie small genre. 'Crisis' of the novel: Breaking of conventional structures of xenophobia time, plot, content and style.

Fragmentarization of plot, anachronisms, subjectivity, internal focalization, no explicit narrator. Bjorhovde provides very detailed analyses of texts. Bland, Lucy. 1995. Banishing the Beast: English Feminism and Sexual Morality, 1885-1914. Harmondsworth: Penguin. Bland's book is a comprehensive study on the subject of feminism and sexual morality around the turn of the lennie and men essay (19th to 20th) century. Her aim is to sketch the contemporary (and, at least from of china a 21st-century point of view, often problematical) feminist discourse in its interdependence with the restrictive cultural context of the time. The study therefore provides a wealth of biographical material.

Part One: historical and scientific background of the topic (constructions of femininity in dominant patriarchal discourses such as medicine, religion, evolutionary theory and their feminist reception). Parts Two and Three: discussion of the concrete practical difficulties in lennie small of mice and men essay, realising feminist sexual politics, focusing on sources of literature in research methodology, the fields of prostitution, marriage, eugenics, sexology and alternative forms of sexual identity. Brokoph-Mauch, Gudrun. 1995. Salome and Ophelia: The Portrayal of Women in lennie small essay, Art and Literature at the Turn of the xenophobia Century. In: Christian Berg, Frank Durieux Geert Lernout, eds.

The Turn of the Century: Modernism and Modernity in Literature and the Arts . Lennie Essay! Berlin New York: de Gruyter. 466-474. Burmeister, Tereza. Of China! 1994. And Men Essay! In Search of the Lost Woman-Time: Cross-Biographical Studies on the Construction of (Post-)Modern Gender Identity. History of European Ideas 19: 837-844. Chinitz, David. 1997. Xenophobia! 'Dance, Little Lady': Poets, Flappers, and the Gendering of Jazz. In: Lisa Rado, ed. Lennie Essay! Modernism, Gender, And Culture: A Cultural Studies Approach.

New York London: Garland Publishing. 319-335. Feldman, Jessica. 1989. Gender on the Divide: The Dandy in Modernist Literature. Xenophobia! Ithaca London: Cornell UP. Felski, Rita. 1995. The Gender of Modernity . Cambridge, Ma.: Harvard UP.

Study on gender and modernity, proceeding from lennie small of mice essay cultural theory and cultural history. Considers different discourses: philosophy, history, natural sciences, psychology, sexology, social history, conditions of publication. Focus on one author: Marie Corelli. Finney, Gail. 1989. Airways Growing Pains Case Study! Women in small and men essay, Modern Drama: Freud, Feminism, and European Theatre at economy essays the Turn of the Century . Of Mice And Men! Ithaca London: Cornell UP. Flint, Kate 1993. The Woman Reader, 1837-1914. Oxford: Oxford UP.

Study on female identity and sources of literature in research methodology readership. Key words: motivation to read, responses to books, effects of reading on body and mind, reading in different contexts (e.g. advice manuals, periodical press, fictional reading, reading practices). Considers various discourses: chapter on medical, physiological and lennie psychoanalytic theory. Provides information on the material read: helpful source for lesser known primary literature (novels and documentary texts). Gale, Maggie B. Sources Review Methodology! 1996. West End Women: Women and the London stage 1918-1962 . London New York: Routledge. Study on of mice and men essay, women and the theatre. Describes the significant participation of female authors in the theatrical world between 1918 and 1962. After winning the vote, women were on the advance in every sector. Gale addresses women questions, but not from a feminist theoretical background. Topics of interest: profession and case study family, working class women, mother role, relationship mother-daughter.

Gardiner, Juliet, ed. 1993. Women's Voices 1880-1918: The New Woman. London: Collins Brown. Essay collection on literary representations of the and men New Woman. Analysis is not limited to the genre of the New Woman novel , covers a wide range of textual examples: poetry, drama, travel literature, letters and other cultural-historical documents. Deals with established and less established writers. Hall, Lesley. A. 1991.

Hidden Anxieties: Male Sexuality 1900-1950. Human! Cambridge: Polity Press. Study on men and lennie and men sexuality. Depicts different perspectives on how male sexuality is constructed. Grounds on biographic material: letters to Marie Stopes written by different men as a response to Stopes's Married Love. Addresses male sexual inhibitions, problems and sexual enlightenment. Horn, Pamela. 1995.

Women in the 1920s. Xenophobia Essay! Stroud: Alan Sutton Publishing. Jeffreys, Sheila. 1985. The Spinster And Her Enemies: Feminism and sexuality 1880-1930 . London etc.: Pandora. Study on the image of the spinster. Pays critical attention to the so-called sexual liberation in modernism from a gender-oriented perspective.

Main point: sexual liberation applied for men, could be counter-productive for women - negative effects on women: enormous pressure to do sexually well, blurred boundaries between sexual liberation (for men) and sexual obligation (for women). Ergo: diverse feminist reactions to sexual liberation: Purity Movement: postulated the of mice spiritual nature of love, chastity as liberty (images of women: spinster , frigid women , lesbian ), Free Love: Sexuality increases in value, this became especially true for extra-marital love. Yet the problem of sexual obligation remained. Essay! Revolt against male harassment: prostitution, child abuse. Joannou, Maroula. Lennie Small! 1994. 'Nothing Is Impractible for a Single, Middle-Aged Woman with an Income of her Own': The Spinster in Women's Fiction of the 1920s. In: Sybil Oldfield, ed. This Working-Day World: Women's Lives and Culture(s) in Britain 1914-1945 . London: Taylor Francis. 175-191. Paper on the 1920s image of the spinster in English culture and literature (May Sinclair, Katherine Mansfield, Ivy Compton-Burnett, Sylvia Townsend Warner, F.M. Mayor).

Discusses fears of society's feminisations through the demographic 'redundancy' of women and contrasts these with the actual economic and familial situation of the majority of English spinsters. Joannou, Maroula. 1995. 'Ladies, Please Don't Smash These Windows': Women's Writing, Feminist Consciousness and Social Change 1918-38 . Oxford Providence: Berg. Study on women writers between 1918 and 1938. Covers a wide spectrum of female authors, some established and some less established. 5 Factors Of Political Socialization! Less established writers: Vera Brittain, Leonora Eyles, Radclyffe Hall, Sylvia Townsend Warner, E.H. Of Mice Essay! Young. Established writers: Virginia Woolf, Dorothy Richardson, Elizabeth Bowen, Rosamond Lehmann, Rebecca West. Further textual material considered: Anti-fascist writings.

Study contains a detailed chapter on the image of the spinster and gives relevant textual examples. Kent, Susan. 1987. Sex and xenophobia essay Suffrage in Britain, 1860-1914. Lennie And Men! Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP. Study on economy of china, the role of sexuality in first wave feminism and its ideological context. Foci: stereotypes of femininity (overview). Women's vote as a symbol of sexual liberation.

Further foci: sex war, prostitution, marriage, medicine, legislation. Laity, Cassandra. 1996. H.D. and the Victorian Fin de Siècle : Gender, Modernism, Decadence . Cambridge: Cambridge UP. Ledger, Sally.

1997. The New Woman: Fiction and feminism at the fin de siècle. Lennie And Men! Manchester New York: Manchester UP. Study on the New Woman: supplementary to Ardis (1990). Complex and contradictory definition of New Woman: New Woman as a textual phenomenon in magazines and novels, as a trigger of controversial public debate. Detailed contextualization: women's liberation movement in compulsory essays, its relation to socialism, imperialism and the debate over sexuality ( purity movement vs. decadence), theories on lesbian love, New Woman as a phenomenon of the city. Small Of Mice And Men Essay! Classification of the New Woman novel in literary-historical terms: shows a multitude of literary forms, only partially to be classified as modernist. Melman, Billie. 1988.

Women and the Popular Imagination in the Twenties: Flappers and Nymphs . London: Macmillan. Study on of political, images of lennie small of mice and men women in the 1920s. Images dominating the public consciousness: flapper and surplus woman. Analysis of a very broad spectrum of popular literature (broad in 5 factors socialization, terms of lennie small and men reception rather than sales figures). Key words: best-seller, serial fiction, book business and magazines. Milgram Knapp, Shoshana. 1996. Revolutionary Androgynity in the Fiction of 'Victoria Cross'. In: Kaplan, Carola M. Anne B. Simpson, eds. Seeing Double: Revisioning Edwardian and Modernist Literature . New York: St. Compulsory Donation! Martin's Press.

3-19. Miller, Jane Eldridge. 1994. Rebel Women: Feminism, Modernism and the Edwardian Novel . London: Virago. Study on the feminist movement in the context of the modernist era.

Revision of the literary canon: Provides a discussion of women's novels between 1900 and 1914, a period often neglected in literary criticism. Describes the transitional period of literary modernism: Thematic innovations and formal modification of traditional narration. Attempts of independent female development and small essay criticism of women's role in society replace the traditional courtship plot. Critical reflection of marriage. Discussion of (new) images of women. Genre: predominantly suffragette novels. Organ! Considers the socio-cultural context of the literary texts. Ouditt, Sharon.

1994. Fighting Forces, Writing Women: Identity and Ideology in the First World War . London New York: Routledge. Study on women and World War I. Starts out focusing on a description of women at work (medical duty, agricultural work, work in munitions factories). Continues to approach the topic by looking at different texts: magazines, autobiographies and novels (partly popular literature). Literature (fictional and non-fictional) is granted a major role in lennie of mice, this context. Areas of discussion: images of women: stereotypical Red Cross Nurse (active role of hero, yet female) - the ordinary housewife at the home front as angel in the house in war literature. Compulsory Donation! Critical reflection on the war and women's roles in postwar fiction. Image of the mother as a preserver of life. Feminist pacifism.

The shock experience of lennie small war and the temporary allocation of roles as a danger to identity. Discussion of the influence of World War I on society and literature as part of modernism. Pumphrey, Martin. 1987. Essay! The Flapper, the Housewife and the Making of Modernity. Cultural Studies 1.2: 179-194. Pykett, Lyn. 1992. The Improper Feminine. The Woman's Sensation Novel and the New Woman Writing. London: New York: Routledge.

Study on lennie small and men, femininity and women's writing. Genre: Sensational novel and New Woman novel between 1860 and 1900. Points to their subversive and emancipatory aspects. Canon-revisionary impact: Pykett stresses the of political socialization importance of the small and men sensational novel and the New Woman novel for literary history. Forerunners of modernist authors such as Woolf and Richardson. Considers formal aspects of essay subversion: Sensational novel depicts female stereotypes, yet subverts them by introducing female protagonists deviating from traditional gender norms. New Woman novel subverts on the level of narration and plot: non-realistic, impressionist, episodic. Pykett's study is a source for less established primary literature. Pykett, Lyn.

1995. Engendering Fictions: The English Novel in the Early Twentieth Century . London etc.: Edward Arnold. Study proceeds from literary history focusing on novels. Introduces established modernist writers on the basis of the lennie small of mice and men essay gender crisis at the time (relatively selective). Deals with New Woman writing, psychological theories, Dora Marsden's The (New) Freewoman / The Egoist and the phenomenon of degeneration as a result of mass society.

Defines literary modernism quite restrictively: modernism as a programme of literary aesthetics, experimentation and formation of a canon, period beginning in 1890. Provides critical discussion of arguments against a feminist revision of the modernist canon. Showalter, Elaine. 1990. Sexual Anarchy: Gender and Culture at the Fin de Siècle. Sources Of Literature Review Methodology! London: Bloomsbury. Study on gender concepts at the fin de siècle . Lennie Small Of Mice And Men! Breaking of traditional roles. Key words: theories on jetblue growing pains case study analysis, sexuality, naming of homosexuality, multiple personalities (Jekyll/Hyde), reflection on physicality in terms of lennie small of mice and men essay dissecting bodies (Jack the Ripper), venereal diseases, aestheticization of sexuality, concepts of decadence, images of women (New Woman, surplus woman).

Simpson, Anne B. 1996. Architects of the Erotic: H.G. Wells's 'New Women'. In: Kaplan, Carola M. Anne B. Xenophobia! Simpson, eds. Seeing Double: Revisioning Edwardian and Modernist Literature . Small! New York: St. Martin's Press. 39-55. Stern, Katherine. 1987. The War of the Sexes in British Fantasy of the Suffragette Era.

Critical Matrix 3.1: 78-109. Study dealing with differences of male and female utopian fiction. Genre: drama and economy of china essays novel. Focus is on women's concerns: 'female' defence and lennie of mice 'male' rejection. White, Cynthia L. 1970. Women's Magazines 1693-1968 . London: Michael Joseph. A seminal account of the xenophobia essay development of women's magazines. One of White's foci is the literature published in these magazines.

Pages 77-117 are of particular interest. Chinitz, David. 1997. Dance, Little Lady': Poets, Flappers, and the Gendering of Jazz. In: Lisa Rado, ed. Modernism, Gender, And Culture: A Cultural Studies Approach. New York London: Garland Publishing. 319-335. Gitter, Elizabeth G. 1984. The Power of Women's Hair in the Victorian Imagination. Lennie Small Of Mice And Men! PMLA 99: 936-954.

Analyses the significance of women's hair as fetish and instrument for hypnosis in the poetic and visual imagination of the Victorians. Kaplan, Joel H. Organ! Sheila Stowell. 1994. Theatre and Fashion: Oscar Wilde to the Suffragettes . And Men! Cambridge: Cambridge UP. Study on the interrelationship of theatre and economy of china fashion: reciprocal influence.

Function of showing fashionable women's clothes on stage: attracting and stimulating for audience (except in performances of Ibsen or Shaw). Semantic function of dress: social status of a character and its alteration in the course of the play ( Pygmalion ; from flower girl to lady). Symbolization of stereotypes of femininity: Woman as sex object, New Woman and Suffragette emphasize masculine markers (e.g. boots, umbrella) and reject female markers (e.g. skirts, sashes, puffed sleeves) - this is true for the stage as well as social reality. Marvin, Carolyn. 1988. When Old Technologies Were New: Thinking about Electric Communication in the Late Nineteenth Century . New York, Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Cultural studies approach. Analyses technological innovations (the 'new media') of the late 19th century and their medial and communicative impact in Anglo-American culture. Ch. 3: Focuses on the gender-specific functionalization of the body for promoting new electronic technologies. Müller-Tamm, Pia Katharina Sykora, eds. 1999. Puppen.

Körper. Automaten: Phantasmen der Moderne. Kunstsammlung NRW, Düsseldorf: Oktagon. Collection of small of mice essay essays discussing modernist representations of the sources review in research methodology puppet, the body and the automaton. The book includes a picture catalogue with short explanatory texts. The ten essays go beyond the discourse of fine arts: they show different perspectives on the subject reflecting both the boundary position of the artificial human being between art and cultural history and its transformation within contemporary art.

Reynolds, Dee A. 1997. Dancing Free: Women's Movement in Early Modern Dance. In: Rado, Lisa, ed. Modernism, Gender, And Culture: A Cultural Studies Approach . New York London: Garland Publishing. 247-279. Sennett, Richard. 1994. Flesh and Stone: The Body and the City in Western Civilization . New York London: W.W.

Norton. Study on space and bodily experience. Key words: sensory perception, movements, analogies of city and body, allocation of meaning to small essay, certain areas (public, private etc.), historical change of condition cities, interior rooms, increasing dimension of the private in interior rooms. Whiteley, Nigel. Small Of Mice And Men Essay! 1997.

Whitewash, Ripolin, Shop-Girls, and essay human Matière : Modernist Design and Gender. Small And Men! In: Rado, Lisa, ed. Modernism, Gender, And Culture: A Cultural Studies Approach . New York London: Garland Publishing. 199-228. Bland, Lucy. 1995. Banishing the Beast: English Feminism and Sexual Morality, 1885-1914. Harmondsworth: Penguin. Bland's book is jetblue airways growing study analysis, a comprehensive study on the subject of feminism and sexual morality around the turn of the (19th to 20th) century. Her aim is to sketch the contemporary (and, at least from a 21st-century point of view, often problematical) feminist discourse in its interdependence with the restrictive cultural context of the time. The study therefore provides a wealth of biographical material.

Part One: historical and scientific background of the topic (constructions of femininity in dominant patriarchal discourses such as medicine, religion, evolutionary theory and their feminist reception). Parts Two and Three: discussion of the concrete practical difficulties in realising feminist sexual politics, focusing on small, the fields of prostitution, marriage, eugenics, sexology and alternative forms of sexual identity. Castle, Terry. 1993. The Apparitional Lesbian: Female Homosexuality and Modern Culture. New York: Columbia UP.

Felski, Rita. 1995. The Gender of Modernity . Cambridge, Ma.: Harvard UP. Study on gender and modernity, proceeding from cultural theory and cultural history. Considers different discourses: philosophy, history, natural sciences, psychology, sexology, social history, conditions of publication.

Focus on one author: Marie Corelli. Gilman, Sander L. 1985. Difference and Pathology: Stereotypes of Sexuality, Race and Madness. Ithaca London: Cornell UP. Hall, Lesley. A. 1991.

Hidden Anxieties: Male Sexuality 1900-1950. Cambridge: Polity Press. Study on 5 factors of political socialization, men and small of mice essay sexuality. Depicts different point of views on sources methodology, how male sexuality is constructed. Grounds on biographic material: letters to Marie Stopes written by different men as a response to Stopes's Married Love. Addresses male sexual inhibitions, problems and sexual enlightenment. Jeffreys, Sheila. 1985. The Spinster And Her Enemies: Feminism and sexuality 1880-1930 . London etc.: Pandora. Study on the image of the lennie small of mice spinster.

Pays critical attention to the so-called sexual liberation in condition, modernism from a gender-oriented perspective. Main point: sexual liberation applied for men, could be counter-productive for women - negative effects on women: enormous pressure to do sexually well, blurred boundaries between sexual liberation (for men) and sexual obligation (for women). Ergo: diverse feminist reactions to sexual liberation: Purity Movement: postulated the spiritual nature of love, chastity as liberty (images of women: spinster , frigid women , lesbian ), Free Love: Sexuality increases in value, this became especially true for extra-marital love. Yet the problem of sexual obligation remained. Revolt against male harassment: prostitution, child abuse. Kent, Susan. 1987. Small Of Mice! Sex and Suffrage in essays, Britain, 1860-1914. Of Mice Essay! Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP. Study on the role of sexuality in first wave feminism and its ideological context.

Foci: stereotypes of femininity (overview). Sources Methodology! Women's vote as a symbol of sexual liberation. Further topics: sex war, prostitution, marriage, medicine, legislation. Ledger, Sally. 1997. The New Woman: Fiction and feminism at small of mice the fin de siècle. Manchester New York: Manchester UP. (ch. 5 on lesbian identity) Study on the New Woman: supplementary to Ardis (1990). Complex and contradictory definition of New Woman: New Woman as a textual phenomenon in magazines and novels, as a trigger of controversial public debate.

Detailed contextualization: women's liberation movement in essays, its relation to socialism, imperialism and the debate over sexuality ( purity movement vs. Lennie And Men! decadence), theories on lesbian love, New Woman as a phenomenon of the city. Classification of the New Woman novel in literary-historical terms: shows a multitude of literary forms, only partially to be classified as modernist. Lucas, John. 1997. The Radical Twenties: Aspects of Writing, Politics and Culture. Jetblue Airways Pains Case Analysis! Nottingham: Five Leaves. One field of analysis are theories of sexuality and their portrayal in 1920s English literature (D.H. Lawrence, Joyce), the legal situation concerning homosexuality, psychology's impact on sexual 'liberation' and the attitude of the Bloomsbury Group towards sexuality.

Mort, Frank. 1987 [2000]. Dangerous Sexualities: Medico-moral Politics in England since 1830. London: Routledge. Study on sexuality as represented in a medico-moral discourse. Lennie Small Of Mice And Men Essay! Discourse-theoretical approach. Compulsory Donation! Depicts the interaction between morality and medicine in the field of lennie essay sexuality. Key words: Debate on social hygiene: purity vs. decadence. Sexuality in the context of the city. Moscucci, Ornella. Human! 1990.

The Science of Woman: Gynaecology and Gender in England, 1800-1929. Cambridge: Cambridge UP. Comprehensive study on the conception of female sexuality, proceeding from cultural history. Focus: 19th century. Important points: Historicity of gender and gynaecology, dependence on cultural context. Of Mice! Concepts of femininity in medical discourse. Gender difference explained physically and of literature review psychologically. Discussion of bisexuality and hermaphroditism. Further foci: Darwinism, environmentalism, degeneration, anthropology. Rado, Lisa.

2000. The Modern Androgyne Imagination. A Failed Sublime. Charlottesville and London: UP of lennie small Virginia. Showalter, Elaine. 1990. Sexual Anarchy: Gender and Culture at the Fin de Siècle. Of Political! London: Bloomsbury. Study on gender concepts at the fin de siècle . Breaking of traditional roles. Key words: theories on lennie and men, sexuality, naming of homosexuality, multiple personalities (Jekyll/Hyde), reflection on physicality in terms of dissecting bodies (Jack the Ripper), venereal diseases, aestheticization of sexuality, concepts of decadence, images of women (New Woman, surplus woman). Weeks, Jeffrey.

1985. Growing Pains Analysis! Sexuality and its Discontents: Meanings, Myths Modern Sexualities . London: Routledge Kegan Paul. Study on the development of the lennie of mice essay scientific discourse on sexuality. References to psychoanalysis, Darwinism and eugenics. A very useful collection of articles from the perspectives of natural science, social science and the humanities which provides an overview on of china, the degeneration debate in the 19th and the early 20th centuries. The institutionalisation of the degeneration debate is small of mice and men essay, reflected in the light of the discourses of medicine, anthropology, and the theatre. Jetblue Growing Case Study Analysis! Premises: degeneration as a counterpart to the nineteenth-century belief in progress; degeneration and regeneration as two poles of a rhetoric strategy and logical order - fact and fiction at the same time.

Cf. Siegel for specific strategies of representation. Carpenter, Edward. [1889] 1903. Die Civilisation, ihre Ursachen und ihre Heilung , transl. Karl Federn. Leipzig: Hermann Seemann Nachfolger. [engl. Civilization: Its Cause and Cure ] Cultural criticism with a socialist orientation.

Characterised by a harsh criticism of lennie of mice essay civilisation in which cultural and bio-medical discourses intermingle: contemporary English civilisation as infectious disease either culminating in death following various stages of degeneration or culminating in social stagnation. The socialist form of society as utopian potential. Dijkstra, Bram. 1986. Idols of Perversity: Fantasies of Feminine Evil in the Fin de siècle. Organ Donation! New York, London: Oxford UP. Study on representations of femininity in the late 19th century, proceeding from art history. References to literature and other cultural discourses of the time. Of particular interest in this context: motif of the self-sufficient Narcissa , a degenerate/deviant woman (due to her auto-eroticism) subverting the conventional image of altruistic femininity. Reference to her criminal disposition (Lombroso), Narcissa as a potential danger to male identity in sexological theory (Moll, Feré, Krafft-Ebing).

Doyle, Laura. 1994. Bordering on the Body: The Radical Matrix of Modern Fiction and Culture . New York Oxford: Oxford UP. Fuchs, Stefan F.-J. 1992. Lennie And Men Essay! Dekadenz: Versuch zur ästhetischen Negativität im industriellen Zeitalter anhand von Texten aus dem französischen und englischen Fin de siècle. Heidelberg: Winter.

Philosophically oriented dissertation on decadence. Rejects an historical approach to the literary texts of decadence, rather, uses them as a basis for historical and philosophical reflections on pre-modern developments in the 19th century. Crucial points: the radically negative connotation of the term decadence, as opposed to jetblue airways pains analysis, its appropriation as a means to counter an optimistic bourgeois belief in progress. Greenslade, William. 1994. Degeneration, Culture and small of mice and men essay the Novel, 1880-1940. Cambridge: Cambridge UP.

Hurley, Kelly. 1996. The Gothic Body: Sexuality, materialism, and degeneration at airways case the fin de siècle. Cambridge: Cambridge UP. Kline, Salli J. 1992. The Degeneration of Women: Bram Stoker's 'Dracula' as Allegorical Criticism of the 'Fin de Siècle' . Rheinbach-Merzbach: CMZ-Verlag. Study of lennie small of mice Bram Stoker's Dracula analysing the novel in relation to Nordau's cultural criticism and Lombroso's theory on atavism, degeneration, innate criminal disposition and 'moral insanity'. Main thesis: Stoker's novel shows a constant blotting out of the sensus literalis by a sensus allegoricus with the latter serving as an instrument of an ultra-conservative (also in terms of gender), reactionary polemic against ongoing changes of consciousness and social changes of the period. Link-Heer, Ursula.

1986. 'Le mal a marché trop vite.' Fortschritts- und Dekadenzbewußtsein im Spiegel des Nervositäts-Syndroms. In: Wolfgang Drost, ed. Fortschrittsglaube und Dekadenzbewußtsein im Europa des 19. Jahrhunderts: Literatur - Kunst - Kulturgeschichte . Heidelberg: Winter. 45-67. Valuable historical overview on the cultural significance and medical diagnosis and compulsory organ treatment of nervous illnesses in the 19th century. Main theses: a) these kinds of diseases have always been read as cultural pathologies, i.e. as symptoms of cultural crisis; b) there has been no clear-cut temporal succession of notions of lennie and men progress and human of decadence but both have always been closely interwoven. The study places degeneracy (nervous exhaustion) in the cultural context of the time, as one of the illnesses of the peripheral nervous system. Investigates modern nervousness as a syndrome and manner of lennie small essay self-description of an of literature industrial culture striving after expansion and progress. Considers psychiatric writings of the 19th century (Erb, Morel, Beard). Mehnert, Henning.

1986. Lennie And Men! Zur Bedeutung der Begriffe 'symbolisme', 'décadentisme' und 'dégénerescence' im 19. Jahrhundert. In: Wolfgang Drost, ed. Compulsory Donation Essays! Fortschrittsglaube und Dekadenzbewußtsein im Europa des 19. Jahrhunderts: Literatur - Kunst - Kulturgeschichte . Heidelberg: Winter. 75-84.

Study traces concepts of decadence back to Montaigne and Rousseau and analyses the small and men essay later tendency to individualise and psychologize these notions (starting with Morel). Growing Pains Analysis! Focus on of mice, Morel's prototypical study: the medico-psychiatric component of degeneration, which is also analysed in Magnan, Lombroso, Gobineau, Nordau and, as a literary premise, in Baudelaire and Huysmans. Nordau, Max. 1993. Degeneration . Lincoln, New York: University of Nebraska Press. [Original: Entartung , 2 vols. Berlin: Carl Duncker, 1892/93]. Study in two volumes by Max Nordau, a doctor and cultural theorist, first published in German, from 1895 onward also available in an English translation. A scandalous success at the time, one of the best known works in the debate on degeneration. It is a poignant, and at times openly polemic attack against certain tendencies in the arts: Decadence, aestheticism, symbolism (among others) are classified as degenerate (in a physiological and mental sense). Essay Human! Nordau's argumentation is based on his medical knowledge and on lennie small of mice and men essay, the criminological theories of Lombroso. Criticism of civilisation is expressed in the form of apocalyptic scenarios ('the dusk of nations') and, for the first time, presented as a concern of doctors and, especially, psychiatrists.

Phenomena of degeneracy (intellectual, moral or physical) become the object of organ donation psycho-pathology. For Nordau, mysticism and lennie small and men egomania count as typical symptoms of the degenerate artist, for which he offers methods of diagnosis and even suggestions for essay, therapy. Nordau's study is an attack in scientific disguise against intellectuals and is directed against personalities like Wagner, Nietzsche, Ibsen, Swinburne, Huysmans or Wilde. Pick, Daniel. 1989. Faces of Degeneration: A European Disorder, c. 1848-c.

1918 . Cambridge: Cambridge UP. A sociological study, well-documented and thoroughly researched. Provides important information on the concept of degeneration in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Pick predominantly analyses scientific and pseudo-scientific documents of the time, but also considers literary examples. Of Mice And Men Essay! Study covers texts from all over Europe but lacks any explicit reflection on the interrelation between degeneration and gender. Pykett, Lyn. 1995.

Engendering Fictions: The English Novel in the Twentieth Century . London, etc.: Edward Arnold. Feminist study on the interdependence between constructions of femininity and degeneration: The New Woman as cause and symptom of cultural degeneration and as 'cure for social evils'; like the homosexual, the New Woman is an airways growing analysis example of the transgression of gender boundaries (illustrated also in exterior appearance: body and style); effects: pathological allocations of sexual excess, degeneration, denial of femininity. Urban mass culture and society as a product of feminisation. Feminism as a symptom of degeneration. Emerging concepts of regeneration within the feminist debate. Rose, Jonathan.

1986. The Edwardian Temperament 1895-1919. Of Mice Essay! Athens/Ohio, London: Ohio UP. Study on compulsory organ donation, the change of values in the Edwardian period, proceeding from cultural and literary history (however, literary texts are generally only discussed on a surface level, and lennie the category of gender is reflected in a rather uncritical manner, if at economy of china essays all). Aspects of interest: religious (and moral) crisis, the secularisation of spirituality and the emergence of surrogate religions, the 'quest for otherness', the idealisation of interpersonal relations and in particular homoeroticism, the cult of vitality as a reaction to late Victorian decadence, the motif of the illegitimate child and lennie and men the unmarried mother, the xenophobia essay efficiency movement and eugenics, the Edwardian culture of leisure and fun. Schulte, Christoph.

1997. Psychopathologie des Fin de siècle : Max Nordau: Der Kulturkritiker, Arzt und Zionist. Frankfurt/M.: Fischer. Revised postdoctoral thesis based on the unpublished works of Nordau (mainly letters, researched for the first time). A comprehensive study, structured biographically. Theoretical approach: rejects deconstruction, favours Foucauldian discourse analysis. Content: Analysis of the interconnected strands within intellectual history 1870 to 1920. Shows the lasting effects of scientific positivism on social theories, psychology and medicine as well as the small transfer of psycho-pathological findings into the field of civilisation and art criticism through terms like decadence and degeneration.

Shaw, George Bernard. 1932 [1908]. Jetblue Case Analysis! The Sanity of Art: An Exposure of the Current Nonsense about Artists Being Degenerate. Small Of Mice And Men! In: Major Critical Essays . London: Constable. 281-332.

Polemic response to Nordau's Degeneration from the perspective of the artist. Shaw refutes Nordau's arguments by showing up their inherent paradoxical and unscientific nature and thus attacks Nordau at his weakest point, i.e. his attempt to legitimise his theories with the help of medical science. Siegel, Sandra. Condition Essay! 1985. Literature and Degeneration: The Representation of 'Decadence'.

In: Edward J. Chamberlain Sander L., Gilman, eds. Degeneration: The Dark Side of Progress. New York: Columbia UP. Lennie And Men Essay! 199-219. Trotter, David. 1993. The English Novel in History . London, New York: Routledge. (ch.7) Short outline of the history of degeneration theory focusing on socialization, the origins of degeneration in lennie small, the natural sciences and medicine, its Darwinist basis, the classification of degenerative symptoms, the emergence of a discourse of of political socialization degeneration in the cultural and literary theory of the late 19th century.

Important points in the literary context of degeneration: popularity of a 'plot of decline, of physical and moral exhaustion' in naturalistic fiction (also in so-called slum fiction). Degeneration as a topic in the new woman novel and small of mice essay likewise in popular fiction. Bland, Lucy. 1995. Banishing the Beast. English Feminism Sexual Morality. 1885-1914. London et. al: Penguin Books. Bland's book is a comprehensive study on essays, the subject of feminism and lennie small of mice essay sexual morality around the human turn of the (19th to 20th) century. Her aim is to sketch the contemporary (and, at least from a 21st-century point of lennie small and men view, often problematical) feminist discourse in its interdependence with the restrictive cultural context of the time.

The study therefore provides a wealth of biographical material. Part One: historical and scientific background of the topic (constructions of femininity in dominant patriarchal discourses such as medicine, religion, evolutionary theory and their feminist reception). Parts Two and Three: discussion of the concrete practical difficulties in realising feminist sexual politics, focusing on the fields of prostitution, marriage, eugenics, sexology and alternative forms of sexual identity. DiQuinzio, Patrice Iris Marion Young, eds. 1997.

Feminist Ethics and Social Policy . Bloomington, Indianapolis: Indiana UP. A slightly heterogeneous collection of essays focusing on xenophobia essay, examples of practised (feminist) morality. Requires knowledge of the theoretical discussion. Provides articles on the following topics: politics, medicine, health system, military, immigrants, AIDS, pornography and abortion. Lennie Essay! Main focus: the situation in the United States. Dreitzel, H.P. Essay Human! 1972. Die gesellschaftlichen Leiden und das Leiden an der Gesellschaft: Vorstudien zu einer Pathologie des Rollenverhaltens. Stuttgart: Ferdinand Enke.

A study on subjectively perceived marginality and its psycho-pathological and small of mice essay socio-pathological causes from the perspective of social psychology. Suggested approach: role theory. Condition Human! Of particular interest: Dreitzel's notion of 'Anomie' (= total lack or confusion of norms), which he derives from the lennie small of mice essay history of sociology and supplements with his own concepts of interaction and role identity. Gilligan, Carol. 1982. In a Different Voice: Psychological Theory and Women's Development . Cambridge, Mass. London: Harvard UP. Probably the most influential feminist study on the topic of morality. Takes Lawrence Kohlberg's model of moral development as a starting point.

Exposes Kohlberg's argumentation as male-centred. Modifies his theory with the help of object relations theory to account for gender differences. Gilligan's work is based on airways case analysis, empirical studies. Lennie Essay! Her main thesis: due to disposition and experiences of socialisation, men/boys tend to essay, an ethic of small justice whereas girls/women typically internalise an ethic of care . Gilman, Sander L. 1985. Difference and Pathology: Stereotypes of Sexuality, Race and Madness. Ithaca London: Cornell UP. Hall, Lesley. A. Airways! 1991. Hidden Anxieties: Male Sexuality 1900-1950. Cambridge: Polity Press. Study on men and sexuality.

Depicts different point of views on how male sexuality is constructed. Grounds on biographic material: letters to Marie Stopes written by different men as a response to Stopes's Married Love. Addresses male sexual inhibitions, problems and sexual enlightenment. Harrison, Beverley Wildung. 1985. Making the Connections: Essays in Feminist Social Ethics, ed. Carol S. Robb. Boston: Beacon Press. A collection of essays (written between 1972 and 1985) on the feminist discourse of ethics and Christianity.

Approach: theologically oriented social history. Harrison's ethics is small, characterised as feminist socialist Christian in Robb's preface. Harrison sets a universalist Christian ethics against the ideas of Carol Gilligan. Advocates an equality feminism pleading for 'objectivity' of the sources of literature feminist perspective. Hekman, Susan J. 1995. Moral Voices, Moral Selves: Carol Gilligan and Feminist Moral Theory . Cambridge, Oxford: Polity Press. In-depth discussion of the work of Carol Gilligan offering various readings of her work. Lennie Essay! The study also provides a critical analysis of the essay meaning of morality in a poststructuralist context (Foucault, Lyotard et al.). Documents a significant conceptual shift in the morality debate, which has lost theoretical impact through the small of mice essay influence of other academic disciplines.

Hekman favours a gender-oriented reconceptualization of 5 factors moral theory that would take its pluralistic approach from discourse analysis. Jakobsen, Janet R. 1998. Lennie Essay! Working Alliances and the Politics of Difference: Diversity and Feminist Ethics . Bloomington, Indianapolis: Indiana UP. Study on feminist practices of alliance politics . Rejects notions of female unity as an axiomatic base. Discards the feminist difference hypothesis.

Argument proceeds from postmodern theoretical debates: ethics as a field of complex negotiations; agency as a basis for alliance politics. Jeffreys, Sheila. Compulsory Donation Essays! 1985. The Spinster And Her Enemies: Feminism and Sexuality 1880-1930 . London etc.: Pandora. A very useful study which questions critically the general presumption of sexual liberation in the modernist period, a development which continues to be regarded as one of the most characteristic and influential within the modernist context. Jeffreys shows that the emergence of sexology by no means meant that women experienced sexual liberation.

Quite the opposite, according to Jeffreys, it helped to force women into male-dominated heterosexual patterns. Mort, Frank. 1987 [2000]. Dangerous Sexualities: Medico-moral Politics in England since 1830. London: Routledge. Study on sexuality as represented in a medico-moral discourse. Discourse-theoretical approach. Small Of Mice And Men Essay! Depicts the interaction between morality and medicine in the field of sexuality. Key words: Debate on social hygiene: purity vs. Human! decadence.

Sexuality in the context of the city. Moscucci, Ornella. 1990. Lennie Of Mice Essay! The Science of Woman: Gynaecology and Gender in England, 1800-1929. Cambridge: Cambridge UP. Comprehensive study on the conception of female sexuality, proceeding from cultural history. Focus: ed. century. Important points: Historicity of gender and gynaecology, dependence on cultural context. Concepts of femininity in medical discourse.

Gender difference explained physically and psychologically. Condition Essay Human! Discussion of bisexuality and hermaphroditism. Further foci: Darwinism, environmentalism, degeneration, anthropology. Nunner-Winkler, Gertrud, ed. 1995. Weibliche Moral: Die Kontroverse um eine geschlechtsspezifische Ethik . München: dtv. Essay collection which discusses critically and systematically Carol Gilligan's notion of a gender-specific morality (female ethics of care vs. male ethics of justice ). Covers work by Butler, Gilligan, Harding, Habermas. Of Mice And Men! Some of the articles were previously published. Singer, Mona.

1996. Weibliches Subjekt und Gastfreundschaft: Ende und Anfang einer Moral. In: Ruthard Stäblein, ed. Moral: Erkundungen über einen strapazierten Begriff. Frankfurt/M.: Fischer. Condition Human! 118-139. Stäblein, Ruthard, ed. 1996. Moral: Erkundungen über einen strapazierten Begriff. Frankfurt/M.: Fischer. Relatively heterogeneous collection of essays, partly in form of small essay interviews.

Includes articles by Baudrillard and Blanchot. Points of interest: morality's myths of origin, gender difference and morality (Nitzschke, Singer), Foucault's notion of morality. Weeks, Jeffrey. 1985. Condition Essay! Sexuality and its Discontents: Meanings, Myths Modern Sexualities . Of Mice! London: Routledge Kegan Paul.

Study on the development of the scientific discourse on sexuality. Xenophobia Essay! References to lennie small of mice and men, psychoanalysis, Darwinism and eugenics. Bland, Lucy. 1995. Banishing the Beast: English Feminism and Sexual Morality, 1885-1914. Harmondsworth: Penguin. Bland's book is a comprehensive study on the subject of feminism and sexual morality around the turn of the 5 factors of political (19th to lennie of mice and men, 20th) century. Her aim is to sketch the contemporary (and, at least from a 21st-century point of view, often problematical) feminist discourse in its interdependence with the restrictive cultural context of the time. The study therefore provides a wealth of biographical material. Part One: historical and scientific background of the topic (constructions of femininity in dominant patriarchal discourses such as medicine, religion, evolutionary theory and their feminist reception).

Parts Two and Three: discussion of the concrete practical difficulties in realising feminist sexual politics, focusing on the fields of of political prostitution, marriage, eugenics, sexology and alternative forms of sexual identity. Byles, Joan Montgomery. Small Of Mice! 1985. Women's Experience of World War I: Suffragists, Pacifists and Poets. Women's Studies International Forum 8.5: 473-487. Article on the suffrage movement in the context of World War I. Airways Case Analysis! Key words: division - militarist suffragettes vs. Small And Men! pacifist suffragettes. Example: conflict between Emmeline and Sylvia Pankhurst. Textual material: war poetry by xenophobia women.

Dyhouse, Carol. Lennie And Men! 1989. Feminism and the Family in England 1880-1939 . London: Blackwell. Study on donation, family and marriage from a woman-centred perspective. Textual material: basically (auto)biography, but also some novels. Felski, Rita. 1995. The Gender of Modernity . Cambridge, Ma.: Harvard UP. Study on gender and modernity, proceeding from cultural theory and lennie essay cultural history..

Considers different discourses: philosophy, history, natural sciences, psychology, sexology, social history, conditions of publication. Focus on one author: Marie Corelli. Garner, Les. 1984. Stepping Stones to Women's Liberty: Feminist Ideas in the Women's Suffrage Movement 1900-1918. Rutherford, NJ: Fairleigh Dickinson UP.

Kent, Susan. 1987. Compulsory! Sex and Suffrage in small of mice and men essay, Britain, 1860-1914. Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP. Study on the role of of china essays sexuality in first wave feminism and its ideological context. Foci: stereotypes of small of mice and men essay femininity (overview). Women's vote as a symbol of xenophobia essay sexual liberation.

Further topics: sex war, prostitution, marriage, medicine, legislation. Lyon, Janet. 1992. Militant Discourse, Strange Bedfellows: Suffragettes and and men Vorticists before the War. differences: A Journal of Feminist Cultural Studies 4.2: 100-133. Article on the suffrage movement and developments in airways pains case analysis, art before World War I. Discusses analogies and interactions between militant suffragettes and radical artists of the avant-garde (e.g. vorticists, futurists). Key words: militancy, iconoclasms, feminist delimitation and self-marginalisation, polarizing tendencies and linguistic unambiguity in lennie small and men essay, feminist pamphlets and sources of literature in research methodology manifestos. Lyon, Janet. 1994/95. Women Demonstrating Modernism. Discourse 17.2: 6-25. Stowell, Sheila.

1992. Lennie Essay! A stage of their own: Feminist playwrights of the 5 factors socialization suffrage era . Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. Stowell, Sheila. 1996. Suffrage critics and political action: a feminist agenda.

In: Michael R. Booth Joel H. Kaplan, eds. The Edwardian Theatre: Essays on performance and of mice and men essay the stage . Human! Cambridge: Cambridge UP. 166-184. Bjorhovde, Gerd. 1987. Rebellious Structures: Women Writers and the Crisis of the Novel 1880-1900 . Oslo: Norwegian UP. One of the few books specifically focusing on interpreting texts of high literary One of the few books specifically focusing on interpreting fin-de-siècle highbrow texts by women. Textual material: four representative authors of the late 19th century - Olive Schreiner, Margaret Harkness, Sarah Grand and George Egerton. Forerunners of lennie small of mice modernism, prepared the grounds for modernist change in terms of content and form: Authors address matters of female concern that emerged in the public consciousness at the turn of the century and shortly before. Tension between positive and negative evaluation of the xenophobia New Woman as an interesting topic to narrate.

Foci of New Realisms: Scepticism, questioning of conventional values, transgression of conventional Victorian conception of genre. 'Crisis' of the novel: Breaking of lennie small of mice conventional structures of time, plot, content and style. Fragmentarization of plot, anachronisms, subjectivity, internal focalization, no explicit narrator. Bjorhovde provides very detailed analyses of texts. Burke, Carolyn. 1984. Getting spliced: Modernism and Sexual Difference.

American Quarterly 39.1: 98-121. Burmeister, Tereza. 1994. Compulsory Organ! In Search of the Lost Woman-Time: Cross-Biographical Studies on the Construction of (Post-)Modern Gender Identity. History of European Ideas 19: 837-844. DeKoven, Marianne. Of Mice And Men! 1991. Rich and Strange: Gender, History, Modernism . Princeton, NJ: Princeton UP. Study on Gender, History and Modernism (DeKoven's periodization: 1890-1930). Based on Derrida's concept of two co-existing paradoxes ( sous-rature ). Main point: male and female authors are afraid of revolutionary literary changes for different reasons: on the male side it is fear of losing one's power position, on the female side it is fear of being punished.

Textual material: analysis of canonized texts. Criticism: DeKoven's study is partially difficult to comprehend. Felski, Rita. 1995. Airways Case Study Analysis! The Gender of Modernity . Cambridge, Ma.: Harvard UP.

Study on gender and lennie small of mice essay modernity, proceeding from cultural theory and cultural history. Considers different discourses: philosophy, history, natural sciences, psychology, sexology, social history, conditions of publication. Focus on one author: Marie Corelli. Friedman, Ellen G. Miriam Fuchs, eds. 1989.

Breaking the Sequence: Women's Experimental Fiction . Essay Human! Princeton, N.J.: Princeton UP. Gale, Maggie B. 1996. West End Women: Women and the London stage 1918-1962 . London New York: Routledge. Study on women and the theatre. Describes the significant participation of female authors in the theatrical world between 1918 and 1962. After winning the lennie small of mice and men essay vote, women were on the advance in every sector. Gale addresses women questions, but not from sources of literature review a feminist theoretical background. Topics of interest: profession and family, working class women, mother role, relationship mother-daughter. Gardiner, Juliet, ed. 1993. Women's Voices 1880-1918: The New Woman.

London: Collins Brown. Essay collection on literary representations of the New Woman. Analysis is not limited to the genre of the lennie and men essay New Woman novel , covers a wide range of textual examples: poetry, drama, travel literature, letters and other cultural-historical documents. Deals with established and less established writers. Gardner, Viv Susan Rutherford, eds. 1992. The New Woman And Her Sisters: Feminism And Theatre 1850-1914 . Socialization! Hemel Hempstead: Harvester Wheatsheaf. Gilbert, Sandra M. Susan Gubar, eds.

1986. The Female Imagination and the Modernist Aesthetic . New York etc.: Gordon Breach. Gilbert, Sandra M. Small Of Mice! Susan Gubar. 1988. No Man's Land: The Place of the Woman Writer in the Twentieth Century. Vol. I: The War of the Words . Economy Essays! New Haven: Yale UP.

Gilbert, Sandra M. Susan Gubar. 1988. No Man's Land: The Place of the Woman Writer in the Twentieth Century. Vol. II: Sexchanges . New Haven: Yale UP. Gilbert, Sandra M. Susan Gubar. 1988. No Man's Land: The Place of the of mice and men Woman Writer in the Twentieth Century. Vol. III: Letters from the Front . New Haven: Yale UP. Griffin, Gabriele, Ed.

1994. Difference in View: Women and jetblue case Modernism . London: Taylor and Francis. Ingram, Angela Daphne Patai, eds. 1993. Rediscovering Forgotten Radicals: British Women Writers, 1889-1939 . Chapel Hill London: The University of lennie and men North Carolina Press.

Essay collection on radical feminist socialist women writers between 1889 and condition human 1939. Textual material: novels in general (special focus on popular literature by essay forgotten female authors), a multitude of biographical information, New Woman novel , Romance, Utopian fiction. Essay! Distinction between middle-class and working-class authors and readers. Topics of social criticism: birth control, marriage, alcoholism, venereal disease. Formal aspects: Modification of plot with feminist impact.

Joannou, Maroula. 1995. 'Ladies, Please Don't Smash These Windows': Women's Writing, Feminist Consciousness and Social Change 1918-38 . Oxford Providence: Berg. Study on women writers between 1918 and 1938. Covers a wide spectrum of female authors, some established and some less established. Less established writers: Vera Brittain, Leonora Eyles, Radclyffe Hall, Sylvia Townsend Warner, E.H. Young. Established writers: Virginia Woolf, Dorothy Richardson, Elizabeth Bowen, Rosamond Lehmann, Rebecca West. Further textual material considered: Anti-fascist writings.

Study contains a detailed chapter on the image of the spinster and gives relevant textual examples. Light, Alison. 1991. Forever England: Femininity, literature and conservatism between the wars . London New York: Routledge. Laity, Cassandra. 1996.

H.D. and the Victorian Fin de Siècle : Gender, Modernism, Decadence . Cambridge: Cambridge UP. Liska, Vivian. 1995. Lennie Small And Men! From Topos to Trope: Feminist Revision of Modernism. In: Christian Berg, Frank Durieux Geert Lernout, eds.

The Turn of the Century: Modernism and Modernity in Literature and the Arts . Berlin New York: de Gruyter. 66-76. Miller, Jane Eldridge. 1994. Rebel Women: Feminism, Modernism and the Edwardian Novel . 5 Factors Of Political Socialization! London: Virago. Study on the feminist movement in the context of the lennie small of mice and men modernist era.

Revision of the literary canon: Provides a discussion of women's novels between 1900 and 1914, a period often neglected in literary criticism. Describes the transitional period of literary modernism: Thematic innovations and formal modification of traditional narration. Attempts of condition independent female development and criticism of women's role in society replace the traditional courtship plot. Critical reflection of marriage. Discussion of (new) images of women. Of Mice! Genre: predominantly suffragette novels. Considers the socio-cultural context of the literary texts. Montefiore, Janet. Growing Analysis! 1996.

Men and Women Writers of the 1930s: The dangerous flood of history . London New York: Routledge. Useful study on lesser known authors and lennie texts. Textual material: works by left-wing women writers, antifascist texts, novels, autobiography and poetry. Pykett, Lyn. 1992. The Improper Feminine. The Woman's Sensation Novel and the New Woman Writing.

London: New York: Routledge. Study on femininity and women's writing. Genre: Sensational novel and New Woman novel between 1860 and 1900. Points to their subversive and organ donation emancipatory aspects. Canon-revisionary impact: Pykett stresses the importance of the sensational novel and the New Woman novel for lennie small of mice and men, literary history. Xenophobia Essay! Forerunners of modernist authors such as Woolf and and men essay Richardson. Considers formal aspects of subversion: Sensational novel depicts female stereotypes, yet subverts them by introducing female protagonists deviating from traditional gender norms. New Woman novel subverts on the level of narration and plot: non-realistic, impressionist, episodic. Pykett's study is a source for less established primary literature. Pykett, Lyn.

1995. Engendering Fictions: The English Novel in the Early Twentieth Century . Essays! London etc.: Edward Arnold. Study proceeds from literary history focusing on lennie and men essay, novels. Introduces established modernist writers on the basis of the xenophobia essay gender crisis at the time (relatively selective). Deals with New Woman writing, psychological theories, Dora Marsden's The (New) Freewoman / The Egoist and the phenomenon of degeneration as a result of mass society. Defines literary modernism quite restrictively: modernism as a programme of literary aesthetics, experimentation and formation of a canon, period beginning in 1890. Provides critical discussion of arguments against a feminist revision of the small and men modernist canon. Quinn, Patrick J., ed. 1996.

Recharting the Thirties . Essay! Selinsgrove: Susquehanna UP. Essay collection on the effects of World War I on society and particularly on literature. Considers neglected authors: Irene Rathbone, R.H. Mottram, but also Rosamond Lehmann and Elizabeth Bowen. Rado, Lisa, ed. 1994.

Rereading Modernism: New Directions in Feminist Criticism . New York London: Garland. Feminist collection of essays on modernism. Essays address the following topics: Dorothy Richardson as a modernist, Rebecca West as a critic, Left Bank Women and lesbian life, the work of Sylvia Townsend-Warner, women's magazines, Wyndham Lewis's Tarr (as a misogynous text). Of particular importance is Felski's article on the term 'modernism' (see above Felski 1994). Schabert, Ina. 1997.

Englische Literaturgeschichte: Eine Darstellung aus der Sicht der Geschlechterforschung . Stuttgart: Kröner. Srebrnik, Patricia. 1994. The re-subjection of 'Lucas Malet': Charles Kingsley's daughter and of mice and men the response to muscular Christianity. In: Donald E. Hall, ed.

Muscular Christianity: Embodying the Victorian Age . Cambridge: Cambridge UP. 194-214. Canon-revisionary article on Lucas Malet (pseudonym of Charles Kingsley's daughter). Compulsory Donation! Questions traditional concepts of masculinity in Malet's Novels. Stowell, Sheila. And Men! 1992.

A stage of jetblue pains their own: Feminist playwrights of the suffrage era . Lennie Small And Men Essay! Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. Stowell, Sheila. 1996. Suffrage critics and political action: a feminist agenda. In: Michael R. Jetblue Growing Pains Case Study! Booth Joel H. Small Of Mice And Men! Kaplan, eds. The Edwardian Theatre: Essays on performance and the stage . Cambridge: Cambridge UP. 166-184. Waters, Chris. 1993. New Women and Socialist-Feminist Fiction: The Novels of Isabella Ford and Katherine Bruce Glasier.

In: Angela Ingram Daphne Patai, eds. Rediscovering Forgotten Radicals: British Women Writers, 1889-1939 . Chapel Hill London: The University of North Carolina Press. 25-42. Altick's seminal account of the compulsory organ essays development of the small reading culture in England from the 15th to the early 20th century. Especially his chapter on Periodicals and Newspapers 1851-1900 (chapter 15) is important for an understanding of the background of publication practices in the modernist period. Benstock, Shari. Of Political Socialization! 1986. Lennie Of Mice And Men! Women of the Left Bank: Paris, 1900-1940 . London: Virago. An important study on women writers of the essay Left Bank in general. Of special interest is chapter 10: At the Sign of the Printing Press: The Role of Small Presses and Little Magazines.

Unfortunately Benstock remains on a biographical and anecdotal level, introducing editors, publishers and contributors. Lennie Small And Men Essay! She says very little about the actual contributions. Beetham, Margaret. Sources Review Methodology! 1996. A Magazine of Her Own?: Domesticity and Desire in the Woman's Magazine, 1800-1914 . London New York: Routledge. It is Parts III and IV (New Woman, New Journalism, the 1880s and 1890s, The reinvention of the lennie small and men domestic English woman: into the twentieth century) that are of condition essay human particular interest. Beetham concentrates on magazines that offer alternative and reactionary discourses on women to small essay, the innovative trends of the time. Condition Human! She also comments on the literature that appeared in these magazines and lennie small its function. She thus offers an important view of this area of public culture that many of the modernist women reacted against. Dennison, Sally.

1984. Compulsory Donation! [Alternative] Literary Publishing: Five Modern Histories . Iowa City: University of Iowa Press. Dennison demonstrates how all sorts of lennie small and men essay non-commercial publishing - from self-publishing to small presses, university press publishing, little magazine publishing, publishing through a bookstore, and publishing through patrons - helped to organ donation essays, further modernist literature and to make it accessible to a wider audience. In most cases such alternative publishing was the small essay only means for young authors to get their works published at all. Dennison uses Eliot, Joyce, Woolf, Nin, and Nabokov as examples. What she fails to notice is airways pains study, that alternative publishing can have commerical interests, too (see Rainey 1989, 1997, 1998). Dettmar, Kevin J.H.

Stephen Watt, eds. 1996. Small And Men Essay! Marketing Modernism: Self-Promotion, Canonization, Rereading . Ann Arbor: University of Michingan Press. An important essay collection by 5 factors of political young American scholars presenting a new perspective on and evaluation of modernist literature. They distance themselves from the small and men essay traditional view of donation modernism as an awe-inspiring solitary fortress against a growing mass culture by showing that it was clearly rooted within commodity culture, too. Today it is difficult to imagine that some senior scholars refused to contribute to this collection because they considered it inappropriate to discuss financial interests and commodity culture in connection with modernist literature.

Of particular interest are the of mice introduction and the essays by Diepeveen, Materer, and Murphy (see the respective entries). Eliot, Simon. 1994. Some Patterns and Trends in British Publishing, 1800-1919 . London: The Bibliographical Society. A statistical survey of book and magazine publications in the period of 1800-1919. The data is sources review in research methodology, covered in six sections: Section A The Annual Pattern of Publication; Section B The Monthly Pattern of Publication 1800-1919; Section C Subject Publishing; Section D Price Structure; Section E Periodical Publication; Section F The Background. Unfortunately Eliot focuses mainly on small of mice and men essay, the 19th century.

He has nothing to say on xenophobia, the magazine and newspaper market in the 20th century, for example, so that his survey is only of very limited value for the modernist period. Feather, John. Lennie Small! 1988. A History of British Publishing . London: Croom Helm. Feather offers important background information about the development of the publishing trade in Britain. Although he only focuses on commercial publishing the study offers some useful background information about the book market in general. Of particular interest is Part IV: The Trade in the Twentieth Century in which Feather uses Stanley Unwin, Victor Gollancz and Allen Lane as examplary publishers. Garrity, Jane.

1999. 'Selling Culture to the Civilized': Bloomsbury, British Vogue , and the Marketing of National Identity. Modernism/modernity 6.2: 29-58. Garrity shows that the 5 factors socialization connection between commodity culture and 'high culture' was much closer than has been previously thought by lennie small and men essay demonstrating how readily the various members of the Bloomsbury group published in Vogue . Hanscombe, Gillian and Virginia L. Smyers. 1987. Writing for their Lives: The Modernist Women 1910-1940 . London: The Women's Press. Hanscombe and jetblue pains analysis Smyers's seminal study on modernist women writers, editors and publishers. Of special interest for modernist publication practices in general are Chapter 12 'The public is a stupid beast. ' Book publishing I and Chapter 13 'There is a climax in sensibility' Book publishing II in which they particularly stress the close connection between little magazines and the book market. They argue that in most cases of experimental writing only publication in little magazines made a later book publication possible.

Jensen, Robert. 1994. Marketing Modernism in Fin-de-Siècle Century Europe . Princeton: Princeton UP. Jensen does not deal with modernist literature but with art. It is nevertheless an interesting study to compare developments in the art world (especially the small of mice and men marketing of avant-garde artists) and of china the book market. Kaufmann, Michael. 1998. A Modernism of One's Own: Virginia Woolf's TLS Reviews and Eliotic Modernism.

In: Beth Carol Rosenberg Jeanne Dubino, eds. Virginia Woolf and the Essay . Lennie Small And Men! New York: St Martin's Press. 137-155. Kaufmann shows how the place of publication can be indicative of an author's conception of essays literature and her or his readership by comparing Virginia Woolf's and T.S. Eliot's essays. He argues that Woolf's reviews in the TLS address a much more 'common reader' than Eliot's essays in ephemeral and elitist little magazines such as The Egoist and The Little Review . Keating, Peter. 1989. The Haunted Study: A Social History of the lennie small and men English Novel 1875-1914 . London: Secker Warburg. A seminal social historical account of the development of the contemporary bookmarket.

Keating shows what influence the conditions and changes in the bookmarket had on writers. Leavis, Q.D. 1932. Fiction and the Reading Public . London: Chatto Windus. Leavis's still interesting study of British reading habits in the 1920s. It is not only an important document because of the empirical data she offers but also as a New Critical position taking within the intellectual and literary field of the early 1930s. Lee, Hermione. 1998. Economy Essays! 'Crimes of Criticism': Virginia Woolf and Literary Journalism. In: Jeremy Treglown Bridget Bennett, eds.

Grub Street and lennie small of mice and men essay the Ivory Tower: Literary Journalism and Literary Scholarship from Fielding to the Internet . Oxford: Clarendon Press. 112-134. Lee not only gives an overview of Virginia Woolf's journalistic work but also shows how she used journals and literary and little magazines in condition essay, order to advertise her own and her friends' work as well as the Hogarth Press. McDonald, Peter D. 1997. British Literary Culture and Publishing Practice 1880-1914 . Cambridge: Cambridge UP. Unfortunately a misleading title. Lennie Small Of Mice And Men Essay! McDonald does not analyse the publication system in the age of transition but rather in late Victorianism. He hardly pays any attention to of literature in research, the authors of the 1890s. His case studies focus rather on Joseph Conrad, Arnold Bennett, and Arthur Conan Doyle without making clear why he chose these authors. Ohmann, Richard. 1996.

Selling Culture: Magazines, Markets, and Class at the Turn of the Century . New York: Verso. Rainey, Lawrence. 1998. Institutions of small Modernism: Literary Editors and Public Culture . New Haven: Yale UP. A seminal contribution to the argument that the alleged gap between modernism and public (or even mass) culture was not as great as the modernists claimed themselves. As example cases Rainey uses the publication history of Pound, H.D., Joyce's Ulysses and growing pains analysis Eliot's The Waste Land. One rather irritating 'flaw' of this otherwise important study is Rainey's discussion of H.D.

Here he leaves his seemingly disinterested position and small of mice and men tries to show that H.D.'s recanonisation by feminist critics was a mistake since H.D.'s work does not deserve it at all (a judgement of the value of an author he does not give with respect to any of the male authors!). Wexler, Joyce Piell. 1997. Who Paid for economy essays, Modernism? Art, Money, and the Fiction of Conrad, Joyce, And Lawrence . Fayetteville: The University of Arkansas Press. Using the careers of Conrad, Joyce and Lawrence as examples Wexler demonstrates that the of mice and men modernist artists' image as oppositions to financially oriented bourgeois artists is a myth and that authors made use of this myth to further their success. She also shows that in donation, modernism the writer's position became particularly complicated because s/he was wedged between the Romantic ideal of the of mice and men genius who shows no interest in his or her market value and an interest in acknowledgement (because no recognition at all is still regarded as a sign of failure) and being able to live on essays, one's writing. White, Cynthia L. 1970.

Women's Magazines 1693-1968 . London: Michael Joseph. A seminal account of the development of lennie small and men women's magazines. One of White's foci is the literature published in these magazines. Pages 77-117 are of particular interest. Willison, Ian, Warwick Gould and Warren Chernaik, eds.

1996. Modernist Writers and the Marketplace . Basingstoke London: Macmillan. An essay collection that deals with the conditions of economy essays publication for small essay, modernist writers, focusing on the publication histories of individual (canonised) authors (James, Yeats, Conrad, Lawrence, Woolf, Eliot, Pound, Lewis). Only Edward Bishops essay on little magazines (see above) offers a more general overview on avant-garde publication practices. 291 (1915-1916, American magazine) The (New) Adelphi (1923-1955) Art and Letters (1917-1920) Blue Review (1913)

Broom (1921-1924, American magazine) The Calendar of Modern Letters (1925-1927) The Chapbook (1919-1925) The Criterion (1922-1939) The Dial (1880-1929, American magazine; especially the era of Scofield Thayer's and Marianne Moore's editorship 1920-1929)

The Egoist (1914-1919) The Enemy (1927-1929) (New) English Review (1908-1937) The (New) Freewoman (1911-1914) The Golden Hind (1922-1924) Life and Letters (1923-1924) Life and Letters later Life and Letters Today (1928-1950) The Little Review (1914-1929, American magazine) The London Aphrodite (1928-1929) The London Mercury (1919-1939)

The Masses (1911-1917, American magazine) New Age (1894-1938; especially the years of A.R. Orage's editorship, 1908-1922) The New Coterie (1925-1927) The New Masses (1926-. American magazine)

Others (1915-1919, American Magazine) Open Window (1910-1911) (New) Oxford Outlook (1919-1932) Oxford Broom (1923) The Palatine Review (1916-1917) Poetry (1912-present, American magazine; especially the phase of Harriet Monroe's editorship, 1912-1935) Poetry and Drama (1913-1914) The Poetry Review (1912-present)

The Scottish Chapbook (1922-1923) Secession (1922-1924; exile-American magazine published in various European cities) Time and Tide (1920-1979) [in its first phase 1920-1928 it was a little magazine] Transatlantic Review (1924-1925) transition (1927-1938, published in France and Holland) The Tyro (1921-1922)

Wheels: An Anthology of jetblue airways growing study analysis Verse (1916-1921) One of the first overviews of lennie of mice British and American modernist little magazines and one of the bases for Hoffman, Allen and Ulrich's (1946) bibliography. Allen especially stresses the importance of little magazines as almost the only medium of publication for experimental young authors. Anderson, Margaret. [1930] 1971. My Thirty Years' War . Westport: Greenwood Press.

Margaret Anderson's famous autobiography in which she not only describes her unconventional life but also the development of The Little Review under her editorship. Jetblue Airways Study! This is, of course, a very subjective account, but it nevertheless contains important information for any study on little magazines. Anonymous. 1941. Little Mags, What Now?. The New Republic 104.13: 424.

A state-of-the-art article on little magazines. The author discusses the development of a little-magazine culture in small and men, America from the 1920s to the late 1930s and argues for a revival of little magazines in a 1920s fashion in economy, order offer new authors a forum for publication. Baker, Denys Val, ed. 1943. Little Reviews Anthology . London: Allen Unwin. An anthology of what Baker himself calls the best writing which has appeared in lennie of mice and men essay, the little reviews and literary magazines of Britain since the outbreak of war (v). His introduction offers some theoretical reflections on little magazines. Interesting is his choice of little magazines from which he takes the stories and poems: The Bell , Horizon , Indian Writing , New Writing , Oasis , Opus , Our Time , Now , Poetry (London), Poetry Quarterly , Poetry Review , The Bell , New Vision , Wind and the Rain , Oasis , Opus , Scythe (formerly Townsman ), and Seven . Barash, Carol.

1987. Dora Marsden's Feminism, the Freewoman , and the Gender Politics of jetblue growing pains case analysis Early Modernism. Princeton University Library Chronicle 49.1: 31-56. One of the first essays on the development of The (New) Freewoman / Egoist from a feminist to a literary little magazine. Barash presents this development as the story of Pound's take-over. Small Of Mice And Men Essay! This assessment has changed, though (see especially Clarke 1996; Ferrall 1992a; Morrisson 1997, 2001; Thacker 1993). Bennett, David. 1989. Periodical Fragments and Organic Culture: Modernism, the Avant-Garde, and the Little Magazine.

Contemporary Literature 30: 480-502. The author sees in little magazines an example for a distinction between avant-garde and modernism as proposed by Peter Bürger (1974). Publications in the ephemeral medium of little magazines are still part of an avant-garde culture, but they become modernist texts by being published in book form. This distinction has been convincingly questioned by Bishop (1996) and Rainey (1998). Benstock, Shari Bernard Benstock. 1991.

The Role of Little Magazines in the Emergence of Modernism. Library Chronicle of the University of Texas 20: 68-87. An important overview of the copies of (American) little magazines at the Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center at the University of Texas, Austin. Unfortunately the authors remain on a merely biographical level. The editors of the little magazines and their aesthetic ideas are introduced. Benstock and Benstock say very little about the exact content of these magazines.

van den Berg, Hubert Ralf Grüttemeier, eds. 1998. Manifeste: Intentionalität (Avant Garde Critical Studies 11). Amsterdam Atlanta: Rodopi. A rather heterogeneous essay collection on literary manifestos (mainly European modernist ones). Theoretically the authors base their contributions on the intentionality debate (Eco, Searle, Fish, Knapp Michaels, Hirsch). Jetblue Growing Pains Study Analysis! The authors' claim that a manifesto is of mice and men, necessarily intentional and that its authors' intentions can be gauged from it is quite problematic. Of particular interest are the contributions by Wolfgang Asholt (on intentional strategies in futurist, dadaist and surrealist manifestos) and by Martin A. Kayman (on Pound and socialization imagism). Bishop, Edward.

1996. Re:Covering Modernism - Format and Function in the Little Magazines. In: Willison, Gould and Chernaik, eds. 287-319. An important overview of little magazines from the 1890s to the 1920s.

Bishop pays special attention to the connection between visual and typographical design and and men essay the literary contents of essay these magazines. He sees the different magazine as a representation of the increasing institutionalisation of modernism (in this he argues against Bennett's (1989) postulation that little magazines represent the avant-garde and not modernism). Bishop covers The Yellow Book , The Savoy , The Dial , The Little Review , Poetry , The Egoist , Blast , and Criterion . Bloomfield, B.C. 1976. An Author Index to Selected British Little Magazines 1930-1939 . London: Manssell. An additional (but by far not as comprehensive) reference to Sader, ed. (1976).

Bradbury, Malcolm. 1958. The English Review . London Magazine 5: 46-57. One of the first accounts of The English Review with a special focus on the period of Ford Madox Ford's editorship. Bradbury stresses that this was one of the few Edwardian magazines where new and experimental could publish alongside more traditional ones. Bradbury, Malcolm. 1961. The Calendar of Modern Letters : A Review in Retrospect.

London Magazine n.s. Lennie Small And Men! 1.7: 37-47. Bradbury's attempt to revaluate The Calendar of Modern Letters as an important literary-critical review alongside The Criterion and The Adelphi . He points out that the Calendar served as model for F.R. Leavis's Scrutiny (a series of critical articles in the Calendar , called Scrutinies actually gave Leavis's magazine its name). Unfortunately the Calendar 's importance is still not recognised today. Bradbury, Malcolm. 1971.

The Social Context of Modern English Literature . Oxford: Blackwell. Bradbury, Malcolm. 1976. London 1890-1920. In: Malcolm Bradbury James McFarlane, eds. Modernism 1890-1930 . Harmondsworth: Penguin. 172-190. This chapter is of interest because Bradbury introduces some of the important contemporary British little magazines such as Rhythm / The Blue Review , The Poetry Review , a Poetry and Drama , The (New) Freewoman / The Egoist , and Blast . Bradbury, Malcolm. 1995. The Criterion. A Literary Review in Retrospect.

The London Magazine 5.2: 41-54. Bradbury, Malcolm. 1999. Of China! Modernism and the Magazines. In: Heinz Antor and Kevin L. Cope, eds. Transcultural Encounters - Studies in English Literatures . Heidelberg: Winter. 187-313. A survey of little magazines which mainly remains on a positivist level, listing names of magazines, editors, and contributors. Small Of Mice Essay! Bradbury demonstrates the interconnection of the development of modernism and of little magazine. He manages to give an idea of the diversity of magazines, but because he covers so many he does not have much space for detailed discussions of specific examples.

Bradbury, Malcolm James McFarlane. 1976. Movements, Magazines and Manifestos: The Succession from Naturalism. In: Malcolm Bradbury James McFarlane, eds. Modernism 1890-1930 . Harmondsworth: Penguin. 192-205. The authors show how much the various European modernist movements (especially Imagism, Vorticism, Futurism, Surrealism, Expressionism, and Dadaism) depended on little magazines as an outlet.

Casford, E. Leonore. 1929. The Magazines of the 1890's: A Chapter in the History of English Periodicals; Being a Critical Study of The Albemarle, The Yellow Book, and The Savoy, with a Brief Description of economy essays Other Literary Magazines of the 1890's (Language and Literature Series 1). Eugene: University of Oregon Press. An important overview of little magazines of the 1890s which shows how early the lennie small concept of little magazines received literary critical attention. Apart from sources of literature review in research The Albemarle , The Yellow Book and The Savoy Casford also discusses The Anti-Philistine , The Butterfly , The Dome , Hobby Horse , The Pageant and The Quarto . Clarke, Bruce. 1985. Dora Marsden's Egoism and Modernist Letters: West, Weaver, Joyce, Pound, Lawrence, Williams, Eliot. Works and Days 2.2: 27-47. An early version of parts of his seminal study on small of mice and men, Dora Marsden (1996).

Clarke, Bruce. 1992. Dora Marsden and Ezra Pound: The New Freewoman and 'The Serious Artist'. Contemporary Literature 33.1: 91-112. An early version of parts of his seminal study on 5 factors, Dora Marsden (1996). Clarke, Bruce. 1996.

Dora Marsden and Early Modernism: Gender, Individualism, Science . Ann Arbor: University of and men essay Michigan Press. An important revaluation of essay Dora Marsden's role in the cultural field at the beginning of the 20th century. Of Mice And Men Essay! Clarke argues that Marsden's intellectual development from suffragism to review in research methodology, egoism mirrors in of mice essay, a nutshell the essay human direction literature took at the time (a turn from personal politics to an individualistic literary practice, 1). He provides a detailed account of Marsden's philosophical, political and literary influences. Other than Barash (1987) Clarke sees Marsden's change of name of her little magazine from small The (New) Freewoman to The Egoist as a voluntary one. He thus reduces the influence Pound allegedly had on her (see also Barash 1989; Ferrall 1992a; Morrisson 1997, 2001; Thacker 1993).

Clooney, J.P. Economy Essays! 1938. Among the Magazines. The Phoenix 1.2: 134-150. A very critical review of a number of literary magazines of the time with quite different literary and political positions ( The Townsman , Purpose , Life and Letters Today , Poetry , The Examiner ). Interesting as a document of how little magazines were received and discussed in the contemporary literary field. Diepeveen, Leonard. 1996. 'I Can Have More Than Enough Power to Satisfy Me': T.S. Eliot's Construction of His Audience. In: Kevin J.H. Dettmar Stephen Watt, eds. Marketing Modernism: Self-Promotion, Canonization, Rereading . Ann Arbor: University of Michingan Press.

37-60. An interesting discussion of how Eliot created his own elitist audience through his essays. Diepeveen shows the essay importance the ephemeral form of publication of little magazines had in sources of literature in research, this. Lennie Essay! Eliot argued that only in these smaller but literary more 'elitist' media of publication could he find what he termed the qualified reader Eliot explicitly differentiated himself from editors of larger - and thus to his mind more commercial - magazines such as The London Mercury (see also Kaufmann 1998 on the difference between Eliot's and Virginia Woolf's conceptions of their readership). Dupee, F.W. 1938. British Periodicals. Partisan Review 5: 45-48. A very critical review of British little magazines.

Dupee criticises their apolitical stance (which is not surprising considering the political position of the Partisan Review ) and at the same time stresses their ideological heterogeneity. Xenophobia! He also finds fault with the of mice and men essay - to his mind - poor literary quality. He discusses The Criterion , Scrutiny , Purpose , Arena , Colosseum , Left Review , Life and economy Letters Today , and New Verse . Eliot, Thomas S. Of Mice And Men Essay! 1926. The Idea of a Literary Review. The New Criterion 4: 1-6. Eliot's own outline of an ideal little or literary magazine. It not only offers a contemporary perspective on little magazines but also reveals important information about his own conception of literature. Emmart, A.D. 1923.

The Limitations of analysis American Magazines. Modern Quarterly 1.3: 17-26. A very conservative critique of American little magazines and the literature published in them. He particularly finds fault with an alleged lack of moral and too much experimentation in the field of psychological realism. Emmart is especially critical of The Dial and The Little Review . Ferrall, Charles. 1992a.

Suffragists, Egoists, and of mice and men essay the Politics of Early Modernism. English Studies in Canada 18.4: 433-446. Ferrall tries to show that Pound's 'take-over' of the New Freewoman and the change of name into The Egoist was not just an appropriation of a feminist magazine through 'phallocratic' and misogynist men but that this change reflects Marsden's development, too. He examines her turn from suffragism to a Nietzschean and Stirnerian egoism and points out xenophobia essay some analogies between her political and lennie essay philosophical writings and donation that of the imagists, especially Pound (see also Barash 1989; Clarke 1996; Morrisson 1997, 2001; Thacker 1993). Ferrall, Charles. 1992b. The New Age and lennie of mice and men the Emergence of sources in research Reactionary Modernism Before the Great War. Modern Fiction Studies 38: 653-667. Ferrall counters the notion that the New Age was one of the central magazines in propagating modernism in general. Lennie Of Mice And Men! In contrast to Martin (1967) he argues that A.R.

Orage, the editor at the time only supported politically reactionary authors such as Ezra Pound and Wyndham Lewis and thus contributed to the development of a 'reactionary modernism' only. Fletcher, John Gould. 1934. The Little Reviews: Yesterday and To-Day. Space 1.8: 84-86. An contemporary account of American little magazines (1914-1929).

Fletcher observes a tendency towards a proletarisation and a decentralization of American literature and organ culture through these new little magazines (85). He does, however, acknowledge that some of the new authors would have had no other possibility of publication. Garner, Les. Lennie Small Of Mice And Men Essay! 1990. A Brave and Beautiful Spirit: Dora Marsden 1882-1960 . Aldershot: Avebury. The first book-length biography of Marsden. An attempt at xenophobia a revaluation of Marsden's role in the suffragette movement and in of mice and men essay, modernism. At times a little too subjective and anecdotal.

Of special interest are chapters 4 The Freewoman , 1911-1912; 5 The New Freewoman , June-December 1913; 6 The Egoist , January 1914-December 1919. Görtschacher, Wolfgang. Compulsory Essays! 1993. And Men! Little Magazine Profiles: The Little Magazines in Great Britain 1939-1993. Compulsory! Salzburg: Salzburg University. Although Görtschacher focuses on little magazines of the second half of the 20th century his comments on the nature of little magazines in general are quite useful. What he offers is a descriptive discussion of various magazines and lennie small and men their editors (sometimes with interviews). It is a little odd, though, that he restricts the term 'little magazine' to poetry magazines only; his typology of little magazines is thus not very convincing. Graham, Walter. Condition! 1930.

English Literary Periodicals . New York: Thomas Nelson. A very early survey of British periodical culture from the 18th century to the 1920s. He only briefly touches on little magazines, though. And Men Essay! Of particular interest in 5 factors, this respect are Chapter 9 The Later Reviews and the Fortnightly , Chapter 11 The weekly journal of belles-lettres , and Chapter 12 (in which he discusses among other magazines The (New) Adelphi , The Athenaeum , The Criterion , The English Review , Life and Letters The London Mercury , and lennie small of mice essay the TLS ). Grant, Joy. 1967. Harold Monro and the Poetry Bookshop . London: Routledge Kegan Paul. A biography of jetblue case analysis one of the small of mice and men essay lesser known editors of essays little magazines ( The Poetry Review , Poetry and Drama , The Chapbook ) and a discussion of his own poetry. Hamilton, Ian. 1976.

The Little Magazines: A Study of Six Editors . Small! London: Weidenfels and Nicolson. A much quoted study in which Hamilton focuses on an anecdotal and biographical account of compulsory essays The Little Review , Poetry , The Criterion , New Verse , The Partisan Review , and Horizon . Hamilton's ironical comments on contributions that he regards as inferior can be quite irritating. One severe disadvantage is lennie small of mice, that he neither gives any bibliographical information about the quotations he uses nor offers a bibliography. Hanscombe, Gillian and Virginia L. Smyers. 1987. Writing for their Lives: The Modernist Women 1910-1940 . London: The Women's Press. Hanscombe and Smyers's seminal study on modernist women writers, editors and publishers. Of particular interest for little magazines are Chapter 10 'The stand of the individual against immensities. ' - Periodical publishing I and sources of literature review methodology Chapter 11: 'Life for Art's sake. Lennie Small And Men Essay! ' - Periodical publishing II in which they discuss the role of women in little-magazine publishing.

Magazines they cover include The (New) Freewoman / The Egoist (here they hold the early feminist opinion that Pound forced Marsden into a change of name and conception of her magazine, cf. Barash), The Little Review , The Dial , Poetry , Contact , The Transatlantic Review , The Quarter , Close-up , and transitions . Hayman, Ronald. 1975. The Calendar of Modern Letters. New Review 1: 14-19. Heyl, Lawrence. 1940. Little Magazines. The Princeton University Library Chronicle 2.1: 21-6. An early attempt at a definition and description of (American) little magazines.

Interesting as a historical document. Hoffman, Frederick J. Xenophobia Essay! 1943. The Little Magazines: Portrait of an Age. The Saturday Review of Literature 26.52: 3-5. One of the first overviews of British and American modernist little magazines and one of the bases for Hoffman, Allen and Ulrich's (1946) bibliography. Essay! Allen especially stresses the importance of little magazines as almost the only medium of sources methodology publication for lennie small essay, experimental young authors. Hoffman, Frederick J., Charles Allen and Carolyn F. Ulrich.

1946. The Little Magazine: A History and a Bibliography . Princeton: Princeton UP. Still the authoritative annotated bibliography of British and American little magazines. The introductory chapters are also of compulsory donation interest. Hoffman, Allen, and Ulrich even attempt a typology of little magazines, but mostly they remain on a positivist and anecdotal level listing dates of publication, names of lennie small editors and contributors, etc. Homberger, Eric. 1976. Chicago and New York: Two Versions of American Modernism. In: Malcolm Bradbury James McFarlane, eds. Modernism 1890-1930 . Harmondsworth: Penguin. Sources Of Literature Review Methodology! 151-161.

Only of marginal interest for little magazines, but at lennie of mice and men least Homberger mentions the great influence of little magazines on the New York literary scene (e.g. The Liberator , Smart Set , Others , Glebe , Seven Arts , New Republic , The Freeman , Nation , Masses , The Little Review , The Dail ). Howarth, Herbert. T.S. Eliot's Criterion : The Editor and His Contributors.

Comparative Literature 2: 97-110. Johnson, Abby Arthur. 1973/74. Jetblue Study! The Politics of a Literary Magazine: A Study of small of mice The Poetry Review , 1912-1972. Journal of Modern Literature 3: 951-964. Joost, Nicholas.

1967. Of China! Years of Transition: The Dial 1912-1920 . Barre, Mass.: Barre Publishers. A detailed study of the development of The Dial from a rather conventional (literary) magazine to a platform for experimental literature under Scofield Thayer and Sibley Watson. Of Mice! Joost, however, argues that the literature that appeared in the Dial has been overestimated and that more radical magazines such as The Little Review did much more to further modernist writings. Joost, Nicholas Alvin Sullivan. 1970. D.H. Lawrence and 'The Dial'. Carbondale, Ill.: Southern Illinois UP.

A detailed account of sources of literature review in research methodology Lawrence's involvement with The Dial in the course of his career. A bit too anecdotal at times, but still readable. Kadlec, David. 1993. Small Essay! Pound, Blast , and Syndicalism. English Literary History 60.4: 1015-1031. Kadlec argues that the design of BLAST was informed by the development of syndicalist miner's actions in Wales under Tom Mann before WW I. According to him not only the magazine's name is indebted to the worker's movement but also its visual aggressiveness and aesthetic militancy.

He also attributes Pound's radical aesthetics in this period to his interest in syndicalism (introduced to him mainly via A.R. Orage's The New Age ). Kenner, Hugh. 1971. The Pound Era . Berkeley: University of California Press. Kenner's book is interesting as an account of Pound's involvement with The New Freewoman / The Egoist - especially if you compare it with more recent studies of this little magazine. It is amazing how Kenner manages to leave out Dora Marsden's entirely! Knight, Melinda.

1996. Little Magazines and the Emergence of Modernism in the Fin de Siècle . American Periodicals 6: 29-45. Knight convincingly demonstrates that little-magazine culture in America did not begin in 1912 with the appearance of Poetry , The Poetry Journal , The Smart Set and The Masses , but much earlier with fin-de-siècle magazines such as The Chap-Book , M'lle New York , The Fly Leaf , The Lark , The Philistine and others. She argues for a revaluation of these magazines' influence in the development of modernism. Lewis, Wyndham. 1927. Editorial notes: Art and growing study analysis 'Radical' Doctrines. The Enemy 2: xxiii-xxviii.

Lewis's own 'position taking' in the literary field. Lennie Small! His editorial mainly consists of a biting critique of economy essays transitions and lennie of mice and men Gertrude Stein's - to his mind - negative influence on it. Implicitly, of course, this is indicative of his own conception of review literature and little magazines. Lidderdale, Jane Mary Nicholson. 1970. Dear Miss Weaver: Harriet Shaw Weaver, 1876-1961 . Small Of Mice And Men! London: Faber Faber. A still seminal biography of Harriet Shaw Weaver with a special focus on her role as Joyce's patron. But Lidderdale and Nicholson also touch upon sources of literature in research her role as editor of The Egoist and publisher of The Egoist Press.

Little Magazine. 1997. Britannica CD: Version 97 . Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. A valuable first source of information on little magazines providing a definition, a list of the most prominent British and American little magazines, and a classification into lennie small and men different periods. MacKendrick, Louis K. 1972. New Freewoman : A Short Story of condition Literary Journalism. English Literature in Transition 15.3: 180-187. MacKendrick, Louis K.. 1975. T.S. Eliot and the Egoist : The Critical Preparation.

Dalhousie Review 55: 140-154. MacShane, Frank. 1961. Lennie Small And Men Essay! The English Review . South Atlantic Quarterly 60: 311-320. Marek, Jayne E. Essay Human! 1995. Women Editing Modernism: Little Magazines and Literary History . Lexington: The UP of Kentucky.

A very important feminist contribution to lennie small and men, the history of little magazines. Marek tries to show that in the function of publishers and editors more women were involved in the development of modernism than traditional accounts convey. The question, however, remains why there were not more women contributors (especially in a British context). With the exception of Bryher, Marek focuses on American women editors and publishers (Harriet Monroe, Alice Corbin Henderson, Margaret Anderson, Jane Heap, Bryher, Marianne Moore) and of china has an additional chapter on Ezra Pound's role in little magazine culture. Small Essay! Marek concentrates on the editors' own writings in their magazines and their personal contacts. She says hardly anything about the set-up of particular issues or the norms and 5 factors of political values conveyed in other contributions. Marks, Peter. 1997. Illusion and Reality: the Spectre of Socialist Realism in Thirties Literature Williams, Keith Steven Matthews, eds. Rewriting the Thirties: Modernism and small of mice After . London New York: Longman. Socialization! 23-36.

In his essay on British literature of the 1930s Marks also discusses the role of little magazines. He distinguishes between left-wing magazines that explicitly engage in the relationship between literature and politics (such as The Left Review , New Signatures , The Adelphi , and lennie small and men Cambridge Left ) and economy of china those magazines that are their unpolitical or conservative ( New Verse , The Criterion , Scrutiny ). Interesting for an analysis of the development of little magazine culture. Martin, Peter A. 1977. The Short Story in England: 1930s Fiction Magazines. Studies in Short Fiction 14: 233-240.

An account of the role of little magazines ( New Writing , New Stories , Lovat Dickson's Magazine , Penguin Parade ) in the development of lennie and men essay prose writing - especially the short story - in essay, the 1930s. Martin, Wallace. 1967. The New Age Under Orage: Chapters in English Cultural History . Manchester: Manchester UP. One of the first studies on the role of the New Age in the modernist period. Of Mice Essay! Martin is a little too enthusiastic in portraying The New Age as a platform for innovative and experimental authors alongside BLAST and The Egoist (see for example Ferrall 1992b for a more critical evaluation of the magazine). Masteller, Richard N. 5 Factors Socialization! 1997. Using Brancusi: Three Writers, Three Magazines, Three Versions of Modernism. American Art 11.1: 47-66.

Materer, Timothy. 1996. Make It Sell! Ezra Pound Advertises Modernism. In: Kevin J.H. Dettmar Stephen Watt, eds. Marketing Modernism: Self-Promotion, Canonization, Rereading . Lennie Small Of Mice! Ann Arbor: University of Michingan Press.

17-36. Materer shows how Pound took over advertising schemes from commodity culture in order to make Imagism and Vorticism popular. He thus discloses the condition essay allegedly unbridgeable gap between the avant-garde and consumer culture as a mere modernist self-stylisation. He demonstrates how Pound used little magazines such as The Egoist , The Little Review and lennie small of mice and men BLAST for his purpose and socialization how these magazines themselves adopted methods from commodity culture advertising. Morrisson, Mark S. 1996. The Myth of the Whole: Ford's English Review , The Mercure de France and Early British Modernism. ELH 63: 513-533. Morrisson argues that Ford turned to France, i.e. the of mice and men Mercure de France in his outline of The English Review because he saw no English equivalent that could bridge the gap between 'high' literary standards and a broad audience.

He wanted neither a typical coterie magazine nor one of the typical mass papers such as the Daily Mail . Morrisson, Mark S. Donation! 1997. Marketing British Modernism: The Egoist and small and men essay Counter-Public Spheres. Twentieth Century Literature 43.4: 439-469. An analysis of the donation essays development from The Freewoman as a suffragist magazine to The Egoist as a magazine of the literary avant-garde. Morrisson shows that this change not only small of mice and men, had an influence on the readership of the magazine but on advertisers as well. He argues that The Egoist folded up because in contrast to The Freewoman it failed to address a homogeneous audience (see also Barash 1989; Clarke 1996; Ferrall 1992a; Morrisson 2001; Thacker 1993). Morrisson, Mark S. 2001. Essay! The Public Faces of Modernism: Little Magazines, Audiences, and Reception 1905-1920 . Madison: The University of Wisconsin Press. A seminal study of lennie of mice and men essay little magazines. Condition Human! Morrisson not only gives the typical account of little magazines' central role in the development of modernism but also analyses their relationship to of mice and men essay, what he calls the in research 'public sphere'.

He thereby manages to demonstrate convincingly that the lennie small of mice and men alleged gap between mass culture and the avant-garde is not as great as has been posited. Human! He focuses on lennie small of mice, four British ( The English Review , Poetry and Drama , The Egoist , Blast ) and 5 factors two American ( The Little Review , The Masses ) magazines (see also Barash 1989; Clarke 1996; Ferrall 1992a; Morrisson 1997; Thacker 1993). Munson, Gorham. 1937. How to Run a Little Magazine. The Saturday Review of lennie small and men essay Literature 15.22: 3-4, 14, 16-17. A contemporary discussion of little magazine culture.

Munson interestingly already claims to have noticed a decline of and essays loss of interest in little magazines as compared with the 1920s. Murphy, Michael. 1996. 'One Hundred Per Cent Bohemia': Pop Decadence and the Aestheticization of essay Commodity in the Rise of the Slicks. In: Kevin J.H. Dettmar Stephen Watt, eds. Marketing Modernism: Self-Promotion, Canonization, Rereading . Ann Arbor: University of Michingan Press. 61-89. Murphy demonstrates that the connection between commodity culture and avant-garde culture was much closer than has been previously thought. He uses Vanity Fair to show how quickly commodity culture picked up some of the features of the avant-garde. Not only did modernist authors publish in economy essays, magazines such as Vanity Fair but also the advertisements in these magazines show clear influences of modernist art.

Nelson, Cary. 1989. Small Of Mice And Men Essay! Repression and Recovery: Modern American Poetry and the Politics of Cultural Memory, 1910-1945 . Madison: University of Wisconsin Press. In his study on sources review methodology, American poetry of the first half of the 20th century Nelson also briefly discusses the small essay role little magazines (including left-wing magazines and magazines of the review Harlem Renaissance) played in the publication and, ultimately, canonization of some of the best known authors. He also provides an impressive variety of of mice illustrations from little magazines. Nelson's canon debate originates in a Marxist rather than a gender-oriented position, but he discusses some lesser-known women authors, too. Sources Review! One great disadvantage is the structure of the book: Nelson deliberately designed it as one long essay without chapter divisions so that the reader is left with the detective work of deducing from the implicit information given in the course of the study what organisational principle underlies the lennie small of mice and men essay study. Pollack, Felix. 1976. Elitism and the Littleness of Little Magazines. Southwestern Review 61: 297-303.

Pound, Ezra. 1930. Small Magazines. The English Journal 19.9: 689-704. Pound's own position on the role and functions of jetblue airways pains study analysis little magazines. He discusses almost exclusively the magazines he was involved with (and, of course, he is very critical of those he has left, such as Poetry ). He covers Poetry , The Egoist , The English Review, The Little Review , The Dial , and briefly The Criterion , transatlantic review , and transition . Rainey, Lawrence. Of Mice Essay! 1989. The price of modernism: reconsidering the publication of compulsory The Waste Land . Critical Quarterly 31.4: 21-47. Rainey's seminal first contribution to the discussion of modernism's economic interests. He demonstrates that the of mice and men essay question of where to publish The Waste Land was guided by financial interests.

Eliot ultimately chose the magazine ( The Dial ) that offered the most and actually made quite a lot of money. The modernists' self-stylization as artists who had no interest in financial success whatsoever thus has to be modified. Rainey, Lawrence. 1997. The real scandal of essay Ulysses : How literary modernism came to retreat from the public sphere. TLS (January 31): 11-13. Rainey argues that Sylvia Beach's decision to publish Ulysses was not just a selfless act of of mice and men support for an avant-garde author, but was guided by financial considerations as well. She consciously chose to of political socialization, publish Ulysses as a deluxe and not as a limited edition. The book thus immediately became a collector's item rather than a book for a limited audience. The attention was diverted from the content to the book as object.

Rhondda, Viscountess, Margaret Haig. 1933. This Was My World . London: Macmillan. Lady Rhondda's highly interesting autobiography in of mice, which she also briefly mentions the foundation and development of Time and economy Tide . Rosenberg, Harold. 1938. Literature Without Money. Direction 1.3: 6-10. A contemporary discussion of the and men role of little magazines in the development of modernism in America. Rosenberg stresses that the little magazines often served as a first step in the publication history of an author and that commercial magazines and publishing houses latched on compulsory organ essays, when they considered her or him financially promising. He notices a difference in reception with regard to the three genres (decidedly less interest in poetry with the commercial publishers).

Sader, Marion, ed. 1976. Comprehensive Index to English Language Little Magazines 1890-1970 . Millwood, NY: Kraus-Thomson-Organization. A six-volume author index to lennie of mice essay, over one hundred - mainly American and sources review in research British - little magazines. The entries include information on works by and men and about authors who were published in these magazines (interviews, articles, essays, poems, drama, fiction). Schwartz, Delmore. 1939.

The Criterion , 1922-1939. Kenyon Review 1: 437-449. Selver, Paul. 1959. Orage and The New Age Circle: Reminiscences and Reflections . London: Allen Unwin.

This is more an economy of china autobiography than an account of The New Age and its editor A.R. Orage although he tries to improve Orage's reputation with his book. Essay! Selver describes his own (rather marginal) function in condition essay, the magazine. His comments on some of the avant-garde authors reflects his own conservative literary values. Singer, Herman B. 1940. The Modern Quarterly 1923-1940. Modern Quarterly 11.7: 13-19. A characterisation of Modern Quarterly from a political perspective. Singer focuses on the editor's (V.F.

Calverton) position with respect to marxism and the Soviet Union and of mice essay its influences on xenophobia essay, the magazine. Small Of Mice! He hardly says anything about the literature in Modern Quarterly . Spender, Dale. 1984. Jetblue Airways Case Study! Time and Tide Wait for No Man . London etc.: Pandora Press. One of the few accounts of Time and Tide . Unfortunately Spender concentrates on giving biographical information about the most important (political) contributers (Lady Rhondda, Elizabeth Robins, Rebecca West, Cicely Hamilton, Helena M. And Men Essay! Swanwick, Winifred Holtby, Very Brittain, and Crystal Eastman) and on reprinting some of their articles. Apart from naming some of the most prominent authors that appeared in Time and Tide she says very little about the magazine's literary contents. Sullivan, Alvin, ed. Socialization! 1984. British Literary Magazines: The Victorian and Edwardian Age, 1837-1913 . Westport, Conn. London: Greenwood Press.

To date one of the most important reference work on literary and little magazines. The magazines are arranged in alphabetical order. Each magazine is introduced in an essay (whose length depends on the assumed importance of the magazines), including bibliographical references, information on publishers, editors, location sources as well as possible indexes and reprint editions, Sullivan, Alvin, ed. 1986. British Literary Magazines: The Modern Age, 1914-1984 . Lennie Small Of Mice And Men! Westport, Conn. London: Greenwood Press. To date one of the most important reference work on sources of literature review in research methodology, literary and little magazines. The magazines are arranged in alphabetical order. Each magazine is introduced in an essay (whose length depends on the assumed importance of the magazines), including bibliographical references, information on publishers, editors, location sources as well as possible indexes and reprint editions, Symons, Julian.

1967. The Cri. London Magazine n.s. 7: 19-23. A description of The Criterion . Symons presents the magazine as an odd combination of a conservative and overly academic literary criticism and an interest in small, literary innovation, revealing T.S. Eliot's own position.

This also becomes apparent in condition essay human, Eliot's conservative social criticism. Symons notes some of the poetry that was published in The Criterion as remarkable, the prose less so and he complains that some genres such as history and biography were ignored altogether. Tell, Waldo. 1934. Review of Radical Magazines. Partisan Review 1: 60-63. An early account of a new turn to the left in (American) little magazines of the 1930s. Small And Men! Tell introduces Left Front , The Anvil , Dynamo , and Blast (not Wyndham Lewis's London magazine of 1913). Thacker, Andrew. 1993.

Dora Marsden and The Egoist : 'Our War Is With Words'. English Literature in xenophobia essay, Transition, 1880-1920 36.2: 178-196. Another attempt to revaluate Marsden's position as editor of and men essay The (New)Freewoman / The Egoist and her role in the development of literary modernism (see also Barash 1989; Clarke 1996; Ferrall 1992a; Morrisson 1997, 2001) Todd, Ruthven. 1939. The Little Review.

Twentieth Century Verse 15/16: 159-162. An early account of The Little Review focusing mainly on its early years. Todd criticises Margaret Anderson's indiscriminate choice of of literature review literature and stresses that her only real 'find' was Ulysses . He sees the lennie of mice most important improvement of the magazine in Pound's employment as foreign editor. Trilling, Lionel. 1951. The Function of the 5 factors of political socialization Little Magazine.

The Liberal Imagination Essays on Literature and Society . London: Secker and Warburg. 93-103. Originally published as an individual essay in 1946 in an anthology on and of The Partisan Review this is another quite early literary-critical account of the function of little magazines, especially with respect to of mice and men essay, the development of modernism. Sources In Research! Trilling criticises that the intellectuals of his time have lost interest in literature but sees a new hope in politically oriented little magazines such as The Partisan Review . Troy, William. 1930. The Story of the Little Magazines. The Bookman 70: 476-481, 657-563. Vondeling, Johanna E. 2000. The Manifest Professional: Manifestos and Modernist Legitimation.

College Literature 27.2: 127-145. Vondeling's notion of the manifesto is a little too vague, including essays and programmatic poetry, but she offers an interesting analysis of the function of little magazines in small of mice, an author's self-legitimation. She focuses on Marinetti's Futurist Manifesto, Pound's essays in BLAST , and Loy's Feminist Manifesto and her essay International Psycho-Democracy. Wall, Alan. 1976. Little Magazines: Notes towards a methodology. In Francis Barker et al., eds. Literature, Society and the Sociology of Literature (Proccedings of the Essex Conference of the Sociology of Literature). Colchester: University of 5 factors of political socialization Essex. 105-117.

Wall provides some genereal sociological reflections from a typical 1970s marxist position on the status of little magazines. His main focus is on lennie of mice and men, The Calendar of Modern Letters , though. In spite of Wall's today rather outmoded political stance he offers a valuable attempt to go beyond a mere positivist listing of names of authors, editors and contributors. Whiteley, Mary N.S. 1932. Shall We Let It Die?

The Saturday Review of Literature 9.2: 19. A letter to the editor that regrets the imminent death of Harriet Monroe's Poetry . In a retrospective account Whitley stresses the jetblue airways growing case study analysis magazine's importance in the advancement of modernist - especially imagist - poetry. Young, Alan Michael Schmidt. Lennie Of Mice! 1973. A Conversation with Edgell Rickword.

Poetry Nation 1: 73-89. Zabel, Morton Dauwen. 1929. The Way of Periodicals. Organ Donation! Poetry 34.6: 330-4. A comment on the death of The Dial and The Little Review , which Zabel with amazing foresight also regards as the end of a literary-historical era: In going, they open the way to lennie, our next literary period, and condition essay human so leave with us some of the sensations of suspense we experienced when they first flashed upon the view (1929: 334). Study on the situation of women between the wars. Key words: misogynist trends in society, female education as an enclave of emancipation - professions for women, health, leisure, reading, cinema, radio.

Images of Women, influence on women writers. Brantlinger, Patrick. 1996. 'The Bloomsbury Fraction' Versus War and Empire. In: Carola M. Kaplan Anne B. Small And Men! Simpson, eds. Seeing Double: Revisioning Edwardian and Modernist Literature . New York: St. Martin's Press. 149-167. Buitenhuis, Peter. 1987. The Great War of review methodology Words: British, American, and Canadian Propaganda and lennie and men essay Fiction, 1914-1933 . Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press. Study on war and literature.

Key words: established (male) authors, war euphemisms, war propaganda. Textual material: predominantly pamphlets, but also narrative fiction. Fictional accounts less obvious and stereotypical, more ambivalence (cf. Xenophobia Essay! ch. 8). Buitenhuis distinguishes between two phases: 1st phase - patriotic, glorification of war, 2nd phase - less patriotic, critical discussion of war. Byles, Joan Montgomery. 1985. Women's Experience of World War I: Suffragists, Pacifists and small essay Poets. Women's Studies International Forum 8.5: 473-487.

Article on the suffrage movement in the context of World War I. Key words: division - militarist suffragettes vs. pacifist suffragettes. Example: conflict between Emmeline and Sylvia Pankhurst. Textual material: war poetry by women. Fussell, Paul. 1975. The Great War and Modern Memory . London New York: Oxford. Study on war and modernism.

Details on World War I: major events, the 5 factors end of the Great War - national ideals vs. reality. Foci: war landscape - depiction of the trenches and actual fighting, enemy territory vs. friendly territory, contrast home front - front, dichotomy of good and evil. Mythicisation and fictionalization of war: revival of the small essay cultic, the mystical, the airways pains analysis sacrificial, the lennie of mice and men sacramental and the universally significant. Speechlessness in the face of terror and its euphemistic verbalisation. The pastoral as a sheltering place of sources of literature review in research escape. Homoeroticism.

Criticism: study is restricted to small of mice and men, male authors and provides questionable value judgements. Gardiner, Juliet, ed. 1993. Women's Voices 1880-1918: The New Woman. London: Collins Brown. Essay collection on literary representations of the New Woman. Analysis is not limited to the genre of the New Woman novel , covers a wide range of textual examples: poetry, drama, travel literature, letters and other cultural-historical documents. Deals with established and less established writers. (ch. 6: Women's War) Goldman, Dorothy, ed. 1993.

Women and World War I: The Written Response . Basingstoke: Macmillan. Essay collection on women writers' reactions to World War I. Introduces female authors (not restricted to British ones). Key words: War from a female perspective, female world of human experience. Patriotic vs. pacifist attitudes. Textual material: poetry (contrast to male war poets) and novels. Hewitt, Douglas. 1988. English Fiction of the Early Modern Period, 1890-1940 . Longman Literature in English Series. London, New York: Longman. Higonnet, Margaret et al., eds. 1987.

Behind the Lines: Gender and the Two World Wars . New Haven London: Yale UP. Essay collection on gender and war. Postulates a gender-specific experience of the lennie small of mice World Wars: confirmation of traditional gender roles, yet some change of gender consciousness in the field of war occupations such as driver, nurse, factory worker new professions (see Higonnet, Gould, Gubar). Questioning of socialization masculinity through depiction of lennie small of mice essay war neurosis and economy of china essays mutilation (see Showalter). Different perspectives and manners of perceiving war: men focus on of mice and men, the dramatic war action, women focus on the long-term effects of the war. (cf. Rebecca West's The Return of the Soldier ). Special role of literature: expresses problems more poignant, yet has little effect on political change. Hynes, Samuel.

1990. A War Imagined: The First World War and English Culture. London: Bodley Head. Detailed study on the influence of World War I on literature and of literature in research methodology art. Introduces war as a driving force for lennie of mice essay, Modernism. Key words: Loss of values.

Decadence. Search for new forms and contents. War and the difficulty of its representation - conventional means do not suffice for essay, adequate representation of war. Disillusionment (caused by war) leads to experimental tendencies in art and literature. Representation of lennie of mice and men space is further considered. Captures the time before and after the war in different phases. 5 Factors! Criticism: On the whole very informative, also with regards to primary sources, but: unfortunately no bibliography.

Kern, Stephen. 1983. The Culture of Time and Space, 1880-1918 . Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard UP. (ch. 11: The Cubist War) Longenbach, James. 1989. The Women and Men of 1914. In: Helen M. Small Essay! Cooper, Adrienne Auslander Munich Susan Merill Squier, eds. Arms and the Woman: War, Gender, and Literary Representation . Chapel Hill, London: The University of North Carolina Press. 97-123. Lucas, John.

1997. Review Methodology! The Radical Twenties. Aspects of Writing, Politics and Culture. Nottingham: Five Leaves. (ch. 4 on Jazz) Cultural-theoretical study on lennie small of mice and men, the 1920s as a time of of political socialization radical change. Of Mice And Men Essay! Points out several aspects of society and discusses them in terms of their radicality: Effects of Wold War One on the public consciousness, socialism, women question, sexual liberation, drugs, music culture (jazz as decadent), dance (dance orgies, modern dance), mass culture (journals). Organ! Detailed discussion of novels (also by female authors). Considers literary representation of space. Mowat, John Loch.

1955. Britain Between the Wars 1918-1940 . London: Methuen. Nicholls, Peter. 1995. Modernisms: A Literary Guide . London: Macmillan. Study on the time between the two World Wars: the lennie small essay 'Roaring Twenties' and the social consciousness in essay, the 1930s (socialism, marxism, Spanish civil war, pacifism). Further key words: Fashion (the androgynous style of the flapper), architecture and mass media. Onions, John. 1990. English Fiction and Drama of the Great War, 1918-39.

Basingstoke: Macmillan. Study on British war fiction. Similar to Hynes (1990), but not as detailed. Centred on the figure of the of mice essay hero and likewise the anti-hero. Considers comparatively few literary works, most of them established texts. Devaluation of minor works.

Ouditt, Sharon. 1994. Fighting Forces, Writing Women: Identity and Ideology in the First World War . London New York: Routledge. Study on women and compulsory organ donation essays World War I. Starts out small and men focusing on a description of women at work (medical duty, agricultural work, work in jetblue growing study, munitions factories). Continues to approach the topic by looking at different texts: magazines, autobiographies and novels (partly popular literature). Literature (fictional and non-fictional) is granted a major role in this context. Areas of discussion: images of women: stereotypical Red Cross Nurse (active role of hero, yet female) - the ordinary housewife at the home front as angel in the house in war literature. Critical reflection on the war and small of mice and men women's roles in postwar fiction. Image of the mother as a preserver of life. Feminist pacifism. The shock experience of war and the temporary allocation of roles as a danger to identity.

Discussion of the influence of World War I on society and literature as part of 5 factors of political socialization modernism. Quinn, Patrick J., ed. 1996. Small Of Mice Essay! Recharting the essay human Thirties . Lennie Of Mice And Men! Selinsgrove: Susquehanna UP. Essay collection on the effects of World War I on society and particularly on literature. Considers neglected authors: Irene Rathbone, R.H. Mottram, but also Rosamond Lehmann and Elizabeth Bowen. Trout, Steven.

1986. R. H. Mottram: The Great War and Europa's Beast . In: Patrick J. Review In Research! Quinn, ed. Recharting the and men essay Thirties. Selinsgrove: Susquehanna UP. 51-63. Tylee, Claire M. Review In Research! 1990.

The Great War and Women's Consciousness: Images of Militarism and Womanhood in of mice essay, Women's Writings, 1914-64 . Basingstoke London: Macmillan. de Vries, Jaqueline. 1994. 5 Factors Socialization! Gendering Patriotism: Emmeline and small and men essay Christabel Pankhurst and World War I. In: Sybil Oldfield, ed. This Working-Day World: Women's Lives and Culture(s) in Britain 1914-1945. London: Taylor Francis. 75-88. Wilson, Trevor.

1986. The Myriad Faces of of china essays War: Britain and the Great War 1914-1918 . Cambridge: Polity Press. Study on World War I: based upon facts and events. Lennie Of Mice Essay! Key words: happenings at the front, the home front, working situation, job market and essays women's participation. Winter, J.M. 1985. The Great War and the British People . Basingstoke London: Macmillan. Demographic study on World War I, proceeding from small essay social history. Key words: war and loss, people's health, standards of airways study living, efforts to increase birthrates, female surplus. Criticism: the study hardly considers women's situations and perspectives. Zilboorg, Caroline.

1996. Irene Rathbone: The Great War and Its Aftermath. In: Patrick J. Quinn, ed. Recharting the Thirties. Selinsgrove: Susquehanna UP. 64-81. Berg, Christian, Frank Durieux Geert Lernout, eds. Lennie Small Of Mice! 1995. The Turn of the Century: Modernism and Modernity in Literature and the Arts . Berlin New York: de Gruyter. Bloom, Clive, ed. 1993.

Literature and Culture in Modern Britain. Vol. 1: 1900-1929 . Jetblue Analysis! London New York: Longman. Essay collection on the socio-cultural context of modernism. Focuses on literature and lennie small essay art in socialization, their relation to society.

Considers a multitude of aspects: mass culture, literary criticism, poetry, the novel (also: popular fiction), drama, forms of lennie and men essay publication, radio, cinema, popular music and fine arts. Booth, Michael R. Joel H. Kaplan, eds. 1996. The Edwardian Theatre: Essays on performance and the stage . Cambridge: Cambridge UP. Essay collection on Edwardian theatre. Sources Of Literature Methodology! Focus on small, the business aspects of theatre: stage, management, critics, audience.

Popular theatre: musical comedy, Music Hall, Variety, suffrage plays, East End popular theatre. Popularity of Cross-dressing: male cross-dressing as misogynist, female as positive (imitating the male accepted norm), general implication: blurring of gender boundaries. Butler, Christopher. 1994. Early Modernism: Literature, Music, and Painting in Europe, 1900-1916 . Oxford: Clarendon Press. Chinitz, David. 1997.

Dance, Little Lady': Poets, Flappers, and the Gendering of Jazz. In: Lisa Rado, ed. Modernism, Gender, And Culture: A Cultural Studies Approach. New York London: Garland Publishing. 319-335. Finney, Gail. Economy Of China! 1989. Women in Modern Drama: Freud, Feminism, and European Theatre at the Turn of the Century . Ithaca London: Cornell UP.

Gale, Maggie B. 1996. West End Women: Women and the London stage 1918-1962 . London New York: Routledge. Study on women and the theatre. Describes the of mice and men essay significant participation of female authors in the theatrical world between 1918 and 1962. Essay! After winning the vote, women were on the advance in every sector.

Gale addresses women questions, but not from a feminist theoretical background. Topics of interest: profession and family, working class women, mother role, relationship mother-daughter. Griffin, Gabriele. 1994. Of Mice Essay! Becomings as Being: Leonora Carrington's Writings and Paintings 1937-40. In: Griffin, Gabriele, ed. Difference in View: Women and jetblue airways analysis Modernism . London: Taylor and lennie of mice Francis. Holledge, Julie.

1981. Innocent Flowers: Women in the Edwardian Theatre . London: Virago. Hynes, Samuel. 1990. A War Imagined: The First World War and English Culture. London: Bodley Head. Detailed study on the influence of World War I on literature and in research art. Introduces war as a driving force for modernism.

Key words: Loss of values. Decadence. Search for new forms and contents. War and the difficulty of its representation - conventional means do not suffice for an adequate representation of war. Disillusionment (caused by war) leads to experimental tendencies in art and literature. Representation of space is further considered. Of Mice Essay! Captures the time before and xenophobia after the war in different phases. Criticism: On the whole very informative, also with regards to primary sources, but: unfortunately no bibliography. Isaak, Jo Anna.

1986. The Ruin of Representation in Modernist Art and Texts . Ann Arbor, Michigan: UMI Research Press. Kahn, Elizabeth Louise. 1997. Engendering the Scandal: The Cubist House and of mice and men the Private Spaces of Modernity. In: Lisa Rado, ed. Modernism, Gender, And Culture: A Cultural Studies Approach . New York London: Garland Publishing. 175-198. Kaplan, Joel H. Sheila Stowell. 1994.

Theatre and Fashion: Oscar Wilde to the Suffragettes . Cambridge: Cambridge UP. Study on sources in research methodology, the interrelationship of lennie small and men theatre and fashion: reciprocal influence. Function of showing fashionable women's clothes on stage: attracting and stimulating for audience (except in economy, performances of Ibsen or Shaw). Of Mice And Men! Semantic function of dress: social status of a character and its alteration in the course of the play ( Pygmalion ; from flower girl to lady). Symbolization of stereotypes of femininity: Woman as sex object, New Woman and Suffragette emphasize masculine markers (e.g. boots, umbrella) and reject female markers (e.g. skirts, sashes, puffed sleeves) - this is true for the stage as well as social reality. Lucas, John.

1997. The Radical Twenties. Aspects of Writing, Politics and of china Culture. Nottingham: Five Leaves. (ch. Lennie Of Mice Essay! 4 on Jazz) Study on economy, the 1920s as a time of radical change, proceeding from cultural theory. Points out several aspects of society and discusses them in terms of their radicality: Effects of World War I on lennie small of mice essay, the public consciousness, socialism, women question, sexual liberation, drugs, music culture (jazz as decadent), dance (dance orgies, modern dance), mass culture (journals). Detailed discussion of novels (also by female authors). Lyon, Janet. 1992. Militant Discourse, Strange Bedfellows: Suffragettes and Vorticists before the War differences: A Journal of Feminist Cultural Studies 4.2: 100-133.

Article on the suffrage movement and developments in art before World War I. Discusses analogies and interactions between militant suffragettes and radical artists of the avant-garde (e.g. vorticists, futurists). Key words: militancy, iconoclasms, feminist delimitation and self-marginalisation, polarizing tendencies and linguistic unambiguity in feminist pamphlets and manifestos. Plassard, Didier. 1995. Le Théatre de Kandinsky face à l'interpretation. In: Christian Berg, Frank Durieux Geert Lernout, eds. The Turn of the economy of china essays Century: Modernism and Modernity in Literature and the Arts . Berlin New York: de Gruyter. 507-521. Reynolds, Dee A. 1997. Lennie Small Essay! Dancing Free: Women's Movement in Early Modern Dance. In: Lisa Rado, ed.

Modernism, Gender, And Culture: A Cultural Studies Approach . New York London: Garland Publishing. 247-279. Stevenson, Randall. 1992. Modernist Fiction: An Introduction . Hemel Hempstead: Harvester Wheatsheaf. (ch. 4 on art) Weisstein, Ulrich. 1995. Essay! How Useful is the Term 'Modernism' for the Interdisciplinary Study of Twentieth-Century Art?.

In: Christian Berg, Frank Durieux Geert Lernout, eds. The Turn of the Century: Modernism and Modernity in Literature and the Arts . Berlin New York: de Gruyter. Yaari, Monique. 1995. Ironies of essay Modern/Postmodern Art: Duchamp, Margritte, Adami. In: Christian Berg, Frank Durieux Geert Lernout, eds. The Turn of the Century: Modernism and jetblue growing Modernity in Literature and the Arts . Berlin New York: de Gruyter. Small Of Mice Essay! 537-552. Zabel, Barbara. 1997. Gendered Still Life: Painting of socialization Still Life in the Machine Age.

In: Lisa Rado, ed. Modernism, Gender, And Culture: A Cultural Studies Approach . And Men! New York London: Garland Publishing. 229-246. Beddoe, Deirdre. 1989. Back to Home and Duty: Women Between the Wars, 1918-1939 . London etc.: Pandora. Study on the situation of women between the wars.

Key words: misogynist trends in society, female education as an enclave of emancipation - professions for women, health, leisure, reading, cinema, radio. Images of Women, influence on women writers. Bloom, Clive, ed. 1993. Literature and jetblue study Culture in Modern Britain. Of Mice! Vol. 1: 1900-1929 . London New York: Longman. Essay collection on the socio-cultural context of of china modernism. Focuses on literature and art in their relation to society. Considers a multitude of aspects: mass culture, literary criticism, poetry, the novel (also: popular fiction), drama, forms of publication, radio, cinema, popular music and lennie of mice essay fine arts. Carey, John.

1992. The Intellectuals and the Masses: Pride and Prejudice among the Literary Intelligentsia 1880-1939. Compulsory! London: Faber Faber. Study on the phenomenon of the lennie and men masses from the perspective of intellectuals. Key words: polarization - mass culture vs. literary elite. Revolt of the masses. Rewriting the masses: question of of literature review value judgements, increase in value. Cultivation of high intellectual standards as a means of excluding the masses from a reading public. Essay! Space: suburbia - housing development, suburbia as a place of the masses. Travel: flight from civilisation of established authors like Robert Byron, Graham Green, Evelyn Waugh.

DiBattista, Maria Lucy McDiarmid, eds. 1996. High and socialization Low Moderns: Literature and Culture 1889-1939 . Oxford: Oxford UP. Hewett, Angela. 1994. The Great Company of Real Women': Modernist Women Writers and Mass Commercial Culture. In: Lisa Rado, ed. Rereading Modernism: New Directions in Feminist Criticism . New York London: Garland.

351-372. Huyssen, Andreas. 1986. After the Great Divide: Modernism, Mass Culture, Postmodernism . London: Macmillan. LeMahieu, D. L. 1988. A Culture for of mice, Democracy: Mass Communication and the Cultivated Mind in Britain between the Wars. Of Political Socialization! Oxford: Clarendon Press. Lucas, John. 1997. The Radical Twenties. Aspects of lennie small of mice and men essay Writing, Politics and Culture.

Nottingham: Five Leaves. Study on the 1920s as a time of radical change, proceeding from cultural theory. 5 Factors Of Political Socialization! Points out several aspects of society and discusses them in terms of small of mice and men essay their radicality: Effects of World War I on the public consciousness, socialism, women question, sexual liberation, drugs, music culture (jazz as decadent), dance (dance orgies, modern dance), mass culture (journals). Detailed discussion of novels (also by female authors). Melman, Billie.

1988. Women and the Popular Imagination in the Twenties: Flappers and Nymphs . London: Macmillan. Study on images of women in the 1920s. Images dominating the public consciousness: flapper and surplus woman. Xenophobia Essay! Analysis of essay a very broad spectrum of popular literature (broad in economy essays, terms of reception rather than sales figures). Key words: best-seller, serial fiction, book business and magazines.

Rado, Lisa, ed. 1997. Modernism, Gender, And Culture: A Cultural Studies Approach . New York London: Garland Publishing. Heterogenous essay collection. Key words: Flaneuse, Striptease, spirituality (moments of being), advertising in popular magazines, Modernist Design, Modern Dance, primitivist and matriarchal tendencies ( Herland ), Flappers and Jazz. Trodd, Anthea 1998. Women Writing in English: Britain 1900 1945. London: Longman. Wicke, Jennifer. 1988.

Advertising Fictions: Literature, Advertisement, Social Reading . New York, Columbia UP. Ankum, Katharina von, ed. Lennie And Men! 1997. Women in the Metropolis: Gender and Modernity in Weimar Culture . Berkeley: University of California Press. Barta, Peter I. 1990. The Treatment of the Fourth Dimension in the Modernist City Novel. In: Roger Bauer et al., eds.

Space and Boundaries/Espace et Frontières: Proceedings of the sources review methodology XIIth Congress of the lennie small and men essay International Comparative Literature Association/Actes du XIIe Congrès de l'Association Internationale de Littérature Comparée , Vol. 3. München: iudicum. 310-315. Study on the modernist city novel . Key words: the sources review fourth dimension, i.e. the representation of space as a major constituent of the integrative text structure. Space and identity. Becker, Claudia. Of Mice! 1990. Zur Interiorisierung der Raumsymbolik in der Literatur der Moderne. In: Roger Bauer et al., eds.

Space and Boundaries/Espace et Frontières: Proceedings of the XIIth Congress of the compulsory organ International Comparative Literature Association/Actes du XIIe Congrès de l'Association Internationale de Littérature Comparée , Vol. 3. München: iudicum. 281-287. The article deals with modernist tendencies of internalization: depiction of lennie small of mice and men different rooms of the interior (factual and psychological ones). Becker, Sabina. 1993. Urbanität und Moderne: Studien zur Großstadtwahrnehmung in der deutschen Literatur 1900-1930.

St. Ingbert: Röhrig. Berghahn, Daniela. 1988. Airways Growing Pains Study! Raumdarstellung im englischen Roman der Moderne . Frankfurt/M.: Peter Lang.

Authoritative text on lennie, literary representations of space in the avant-gardist modernist novel. Key words: Subjectivity, integration of space in stream of consciousness; selectivity of perception and compulsory donation representation, processes of fragmentarization, montage as technique to depict space; associative spaces; spatial symbolism; interdisciplinary analogies (literature and art: impressionism, cubism); provides an analysis of Henry James The Ambassadors , Joseph Conrad Nostromo , Ford Madox Ford The Good Soldier , D.H. Small! Lawrence Women in Love , James Joyce Ulysses , E.M. Forster A Passage To India , and Virginia Woolf To the Lighthouse . Boynton, Percy Holmes. 1913. London in English Literature. Chicago, Ill.: University of Chicago Press. (Ch. 10 Contemporary London) Bradbury, Malcolm. 1976.

London 1890-1930. In: Malcolm Bradbury James McFarlane, eds. Modernism. 1890-1930. Harmondsworth: Penguin. 172-190. Bronfen, Elisabeth. 1986.

Der literarische Raum: Eine Untersuchung am Beispiel von Dorothy M. Compulsory Organ Donation! Richardsons Romanzyklus Pilgrimage. Tübingen: Niemeyer. Study on literary space in the work of lennie small of mice essay Dorothy Richardson. Approach: phenomenological (cf. Ströker and Hoffmann) and structuralist (cf.

Lotman). Key words: subjectivity of spatial perception in streams of consciousness. Metaphorical space (additional symbolism) vs. space which can be physically entered. Space and identity. Spatial textual structures. Carey, John. 1992. Essay! The Intellectuals and lennie small and men the Masses: Pride and Prejudice among the Literary Intelligentsia 1880-1939.

London: Faber Faber. (Chap. 3 The Suburbs and the Clerks) Study on the phenomenon of the masses from the perspective of intellectuals. Space: suburbia - housing development, suburbia as a place of the masses. Travel: flight from in research methodology civilisation of established authors like Robert Byron, Graham Green, Evelyn Waugh. Ecker, Gisela. 1995. Allegorical Gardens of Desire in Modernity: A Gendered Perspective.

In: Susan C. Scott, ed. The Art of Interpreting . University Park, Pa.: Pennsylvania State University. Small Of Mice And Men Essay! 260-292. Allocations of meaning to the garden based on depth psychology. Gender-specific dimensions of the garden: a place of solitude and expansion of consciousness for women - a place of maternal security for men. Frank, Joseph. 1963.

Spatial Form in Modern Literature. In: The Widening Gyre: Crisis and Mastery in Modern Literature . New Brunswick: Rutgers UP. 3-63. Article on textual space. Textual structures are described with help of spatial metaphors (see also Smitten 1981). Friedman, Susan Stanford. 1996. Spacialization, Narrative Theory, and Virginia Woolf's The Voyage Out . In: Kathy Mezei, ed. Compulsory Organ Donation! Ambiguous Discourse: Feminist Narratology and lennie small of mice and men British Women Writers . Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.

109-136. Article is an example of the notion of text as space. Structure of text and structure of communication: intertextual, historical and psychological (semiotic and symbolic) references. Fryer, Judith. 1984. Women and condition human Space. The Flowering of Desire. In: Prospects: An Annual of American Cultural Studies : 187-230. Article on gendered concepts of space in architecture, housing and narrative fiction from the turn of the century up to essay, the 1930s based on social geography. Contains writings on architecture and essay feminist reform efforts. Gindin, James.

1992. British Fiction in the 1930s: The Dispiriting Decade . New York: St. Martin's Press. Study introduces only the well-known texts of the 1930s. There are several references to lennie essay, the literary representation of space (ex. Rosamond Lehman, Elizabeth Bowen)

Hertel, Kirsten. 1997. London zwischen Naturalismus und Moderne: Literarische Perspektiven einer Metropole. Heidelberg: Winter. Keating, Peter. 1984. The Metropolis in Literature. Xenophobia! In: Anthony Sutcliffe, ed. Metropolis 1890-1940.

London: Mansell. 129-145. Kern, Stephen. 1983. Small Of Mice And Men! The Culture of Time and Space 1880 1918 . Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard UP. Study on modernist concepts of time and airways growing analysis space. Documents historical changes of spatial concepts in modernity. Key words: Subjectivity, categorisation according to different ways of perception (visual, acoustic, tactual etc.) Microscopic space. Lennie Of Mice! Art (cubism, impressionism) and condition essay human sculpture. Film (rapid change of pictures and lennie of mice and men essay scenes).

Heterogeneous space. Plurality of stance, multi-perspectivity. Changes of attitude. 5 Factors Of Political! Space as designable matter (magnetic fields, architecture, artificial lighting). Expansion and reduction of geographical space (expeditions, public and private transport, aviation).

Urban spaces. Psychoanalysis (mental rooms of the interior, stream of consciousness). Klarer, Mario. 1995. Simultaneity and Gender in Modernist Discourses. In: Near Encounters. Festschrift für Richard Martin . Frankfurt/M.: Peter Lang. Interdisciplinary study on the phenomenon of simultaneity and its implications concerning space and gender.

Simultaneity as spatially represented in the novel as well as in modernist paintings. Androgynity as a form of simultaneity. Müller, Lothar. 1988. Die Großstadt als Ort der Moderne: Über Georg Simmel. In: Klaus R. Scherpe, ed. Die Unwirklichkeit der Städte: Großstadtdarstellung zwischen Moderne und Postmoderne.

Reinbek: Rowohlt. Lennie And Men Essay! 14-36. Pike, Burton. 1981. The Image of the City in Modern Literature. Airways Growing Case! Princeton, N.J.: Princeton UP. Pratt, Annis. 1972. Women and Nature in Modern Fiction. Small Of Mice And Men! Comparative Literature 13: 476-490. Article on space and nature in modern fiction.

Key words: epiphanies in natural settings (especially in novels of development), gender-specific differences in the perception of nature. Sizemore-Wick, Christine. 1989. A Female Vision of the City. London in the Novels of Five British Women . Of China Essays! Knoxville: University of and men essay Tennessee Press. Study on the city from a female perspective. City can be entered by women in the 20th century. Provides detailed analysis of condition essay novels. Spencer, Sharon.

1971. Space, Time and Structure in the Modern Novel . New York: New York UP. Squier, Susan Merill. 1985. Virginia Woolf and London: The Sexual Politics of the small of mice City . Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. Stanzel, Franz. Xenophobia Essay! 1990. Das Niemandsland in der englischen und deutschen Dichtung. Lennie Of Mice And Men! In: Roger Bauer et al., eds. Space and Boundaries/Espace et Frontières: Proceedings of the of literature review XIIth Congress of the International Comparative Literature Association/Actes du XIIe Congrès de l'Association Internationale de Littérature Comparée , Vol.

3. München: iudicum. 219-27. Article on the connecting and and men separating aspects of condition essay human a boundary. Example: no-man's land between the trenches during the First World War in German and English literature. Voss, Dietmar.

1988. Die Rückkehr der Flanerie: Versuch über ein Schlüsselphänomen der Moderne. In: Klaus R. Scherpe, ed. Die Unwirklichkeit der Städte: Großstadtdarstellung zwischen Moderne und Postmoderne. Small Of Mice And Men! Reinbek: Rowohlt. 37-60. Weightman, Gavin Steve Humphries. 1984. The Making of Modern London, 1815-1914. London: Sidgwick Jackson.

Wolff Janet. 1985. The Invisible Flaneuse. Women and the Literature of Modernity. Theory, Culture and essays Society 2.3: 37-46. Würzbach, Natascha. in print.

Identitätskonstitution durch Raumerleben in der englischen Erzählliteratur des Modernismus. Theory of subjectivity and identity. The significance of space and body for the pre-linguistic formation of identity. Codes of spatial representation. Gender-specific spatial experience and concepts of subjectivity in some modernist novels. Ackroyd, Peter. [2000] 2001. London. The Biography . London: Vintage.

Alexander, Sally. 1989. Becoming a Woman in London in the 1920s and 1930s. In: David Feldman Gareth Stedman Jones, eds. Metropolis London: Histories and Representations since 1800. London New York: Routledge. 245-271.

Alter, Peter. 1993. Lennie Small Essay! Im Banne der Metropolen: Berlin und London in den zwanziger Jahren . Jetblue Airways Case Study Analysis! Göttingen: Vandenhoeck Ruprecht. Alter, Peter. 2000. London in lennie small, der Neuzeit. In: Andreas Sohn Hermann Weber, eds.

Haupstädte und Global Cities an der Schwelle zum 21. Jahrhundert . Bochum: Winkler. 57-79. Ankum, Katharina von, ed. 1997. Women in the Metropolis: Gender and Modernity in Weimar Culture . Berkeley: University of essay California Press.

Barta, Peter I. 1990. The Treatment of the Fourth Dimension in the Modernist City Novel. In: Roger Bauer et al., eds. Space and lennie small Boundaries/Espace et Frontières: Proceedings of the XIIth Congress of the International Comparative Literature Association/Actes du XIIe Congrès de l'Association Internationale de Littérature Comparée , Vol. 3. München: iudicum. 310-315. Study on the modernist city novel . Key words: the fourth dimension, i.e. the representation of space as a major constituent of the compulsory organ donation essays integrative text structure. Space and identity. Becker, Sabina. 1993.

Urbanität und Moderne: Studien zur Großstadtwahrnehmung in der deutschen Literatur 1900-1930. St. Ingbert: Röhrig. Boynton, Percy Holmes. 1913. London in English Literature. Chicago, Ill.: University of Chicago Press. Lennie Small Of Mice Essay! (Ch. 10 Contemporary London)

Bradbury, Malcolm. 1976. London 1890-1930. In: Malcolm Bradbury James McFarlane, eds. Modernism. 1890-1930. Harmondsworth: Penguin. 172-190. Breuner, Michael. 1991. Hunger for of china, Place: Studien zur Raumdarstellung im London-Roman seit 1940 . Frankfurt/M.: Peter Lang.

Study on the London Novel after 1940. Key words: literary appropriation of the city. Space and subjectivity: subjective perceptions and formations of space (philosophical basis: see Ströker, psychological basis: see Minkowski). Brooks, J.A. 1982. Ghosts of London: The East End, City, and North. Norwich: Jarrold. Carey, John. 1992.

The Intellectuals and the Masses: Pride and Prejudice among the Literary Intelligentsia 1880-1939. Lennie Small Of Mice! London: Faber Faber. (Chap. 3 The Suburbs and the Clerks) Study on compulsory organ essays, the phenomenon of the small of mice essay masses from the perspective of intellectuals. Space: suburbia - housing development, suburbia as a place of the masses. Essay! Travel: flight from civilisation of established authors like Robert Byron, Graham Green, Evelyn Waugh. Drabble, Margaret. 1979. A Writer's Britain: Landscape in Literature.

Photographed by Jorge Lewinski. London: Thames Hudson. Epstein-Nor, Deborah. 1991. The Urban Peripatetic: Spectator, Streetwalker, Woman Writer. Nineteenth Century Literature 46.3: 351 - 375. Frisby, David.

2001. Lennie And Men! Cityscapes of Modernity: Critical Explorations . Cambridge: Polity Press. Harding, Desmond. 2002. Writing the of political City: Urban Visions And Literary Modernism . New York: Routledge. Hertel, Kirsten. 1997. London zwischen Naturalismus und Moderne: Literarische Perspektiven einer Metropole.

Heidelberg: Winter. Keating, Peter. 1984. The Metropolis in Literature. In: Anthony Sutcliffe, ed. Metropolis 1890-1940. Small And Men Essay! London: Mansell. 129-145. Kilian, Eveline. Compulsory Organ Donation! 2002. Exploring London.

Walking the City - (Re)Writing the City. Lennie! In: Hartmut Berghoff, Barbara Korte Ralf Schneider, eds. The Making of Modern Tourism: The Cultural History of the British Experience, 1600 to 2000 . London: Palgrave. Economy Of China! 267-283. Klotz, Volker. 1969.

Die erzählte Stadt: Ein Sujet als Herausforderung des Romans von Lesage bis Döblin. München: Hanser. Kublitz-Kramer, Maria. 1995. Frauen auf Straßen: Topographien des Begehrens in Erzähltexten von Gegenwartsautorinnen.

München: Fink. Kursbuch Stadt. Stadtleben und Stadtkultur an der Jahrtausendwende. 1999 . Redaktion Stefan Bollmann. Stuttgart: DVA. Lane, Eric. 1988. A Guide to Literary London. Sawtry, Cambridgeshire: Dedalus. Lefèbvre, Henri. 1972.

Die Revolution der Städte. München: List. Lehan, Richard. 1998. The City in Literature: An Intellectual and Cultural History . Berkeley: University of California Press. Mahler, Andreas, ed. 1999. Stadt-Bilder: Allegorie, Mimesis, Imagination . Heidelberg: Winter. Manley, Lawrence. 1995.

Literature and Culture in Early Modern London . Cambridge: Cambridge UP. Marcus, Steven. 1987. Reading the Illegible. Some Modern Representations of Urban Experience. In: William Sharpe Leonard Wallock, eds. Visions of the Modern City: Essays in History, Art, and small essay Literature. Baltimore London: Johns Hopkins UP. 232-256.

Milgram, Stanley. 1970. Condition! Das Erleben der Großstadt: Eine psychologische Analyse. Zeitschrift für Sozialpsychologie 1: 142-152. Müller, Lothar. Lennie Small And Men Essay! 1988. Die Großstadt als Ort der Moderne: Über Georg Simmel. In: Klaus R. Scherpe, ed. Die Unwirklichkeit der Städte: Großstadtdarstellung zwischen Moderne und Postmoderne. Essay Human! Reinbek: Rowohlt.

14-36. Nord, Deborah Epstein. 1991. The Urban Peripatetic: Spectator, Streetwalker, Woman Writer. Nineteenth Century Literature 46.3: 351-375. Nowel, Ingrid. Lennie Of Mice Essay! 1998. London: Biographie einer Weltstadt - Architektur und Kunst, Geschichte und Literatur. Köln: Dumont. Parson, Deborah L. 2000.

Streetwalking the Metropolis: Women, the City and Modernity. Oxford: Oxford UP. Pfeil, Elisabeth. 1972. Großstadtforschung: Entwicklung und gegenwärtiger Stand. Hannover: Jänecke. Pike, Burton. 1981.

The Image of the City in Modern Literature. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton UP. Punter, David. 1979. Blake's Capital Cities. In: P. Weston, ed. London in Literature. In Research Methodology! London: Roehampton Institute. 46-72. Scherpe, Klaus R., ed.

1988. Die Unwirklichkeit der Städte: Großstadtdarstellung zwischen Moderne und Postmoderne. Reinbek: Rowohlt. Sennett, Richard, ed. 1978. Classic Essays on the Culture of Cities . New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts. Sennet, Richard. Small Of Mice Essay! 1995. Flesh and Stone. The Body and the City in Western Civilization . London: Faber Faber. Shaffer, Elinor S., ed.

1996. Spaces: Cities, Gardens and Wilderness . Cambridge: Cambridge UP. Sharpe, William 1986. Feminizing the Urban World. Urban Resources . 3.2: 55-57. Sharpe, William Leonard Wallock. 1987. From 'Great Town' to 'Nonplace Urban Realm': Reading the Modern City. In: William Sharpe und Leonard Wallock, Hgg.

Visions of the Modern City. Condition Essay! Essays in History, Art, and Literature. Baltimore/London: Johns Hopkins UP. 1-51. Sharpe, William Leonard Wallock. 1987.

From 'Great Town' to 'Nonplace Urban Realm': Reading the Modern City. In: William Sharpe Leonard Wallock, eds. Visions of the Modern City: Essays in small essay, History, Art, and Literature. Baltimore London: Johns Hopkins UP. 1-51. Sizemore-Wick, Christine. 1989.

A Female Vision of the City: London in the Novels of xenophobia Five British Women . Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press. Study on the city from a female perspective. Lennie Small And Men! City can be entered by women in the 20th century. Provides detailed analysis of novels. Smuda, Manfred, ed. 1992. Die Großstadt als Text . München: Wilhelm Fink. Squier, Susan Merrill, ed.

1984. Women Writers and the City: Essays in of political, Feminist Literary Criticism . Knoxville. University of Tennessee Press. Squier, Susan Merill. 1985. Virginia Woolf and London: The Sexual Politics of the lennie and men essay City. Compulsory Essays! Chapel Hill London: The University of North Carolina Press. (Ch. 5 The Carnival and Funeral of Mrs Dalloway's London)

Sutcliffe, Anthony, ed. 1984. Metropolis 1890-1940. London: Mansell. Timms, Edward David Kelley, eds. 1985. Unreal City: Urban Experience in Modern European Literature and Art. Lennie Small Of Mice And Men! Manchester: Manchester UP. Twyning, John. 1998.

London Dispossess: Literature and Social Space in the Early Modern City. Basingstoke: Macmillan. Voss, Dietmar. 1988. Die Rückkehr der Flanerie: Versuch über ein Schlüsselphänomen der Moderne. Essay! In: Klaus R. Scherpe, ed. Die Unwirklichkeit der Städte: Großstadtdarstellung zwischen Moderne und Postmoderne. Reinbek: Rowohlt. Small! 37-60. Weigel, Sigrid.

1990. 'Die Städte sind weiblich und nur als Sieger hold': Zur Funktion des Weiblichen in Gründungsmythen und Städtedarstellungen. In: Sigrid Weigel, ed. Topographien der Geschlechter. Of China Essays! Reinbek bei Hamburg: Rowohlt. 149-189. Weightman, Gavin Steve Humphries. 1984.

The Making of Modern London, 1815-1914. London: Sidgwick Jackson. Weightman, Gavin Steve Humphries. 1984. The Making of Modern London, 1914-1939. London: Sidgwick Jackson. Weinreb, Ben Christopher Hibbert. 1983. Of Mice And Men Essay! The London Encyclopaedia. London: Macmillan.

Wilson, Elizabeth. 1991. The Sphinx in the City: Urban Life, the Control of Disorder, and Women . London: Virago. Wolff Janet. 1985. The Invisible Flaneuse. Donation! Women and the Literature of Modernity. Theory, Culture and lennie small and men essay Society 2.3: 37-46. Bausinger, Hermann et al., eds.

1991. Condition Human! Reisekultur: Von der Pilgerfahrt zum modernen Tourismus . Of Mice And Men Essay! München: Beck. Berghoff, Hartmut, Barbara Korte Ralf Schneider, eds. Xenophobia Essay! 2002. The Making of Modern Tourism: The Cultural History of the British Experience, 1600 to 2000 . London: Palgrave. Blake, Susan L. Lennie Small! 1990.

A Woman's Trek: What Difference Does Gender Make? Women's Studies International Forum 13.4: 347-353. Birkett, Dea. Xenophobia! 1989. Spinsters Abroad: Victorian Lady Explorers . Oxford: Blackwell. Black, Jeremy. And Men! 1985. Essays! The British and the Grand Tour . London: Croom Helm. Blunt, Elison Gillian Rose, eds. 1994.

Writing Women and Space: Colonial and Postcolonial Geographies . New York: The Guilford Press. Collection of essays on ethnological and geographical issues. Theoretical background: postcolonial studies, gender studies, discourse theory, and constructivism. Premiss: the white, middle-class subject constructs other cultures from small of mice a privileged and relatively uncritical stance. Female living spaces: social mapping paves the 5 factors of political way for social and political orientation, territorial dissociation.

Fight against imperialism and gender-specific oppression. Articles on: Mary Kingsley's perspective on landscape, geographical spaces such as Australia, Western Africa, Ireland. Bode, Christoph, ed. 1997. West Meets East: Klassiker der britischen Orient-Reiseliteratur . Heidelberg: Winter. Brendon, Piers. Lennie Essay! 1991.

Thomas Cook: 150 Years of Popular Tourism . London: Secker Warburg. Brenner, Peter J., ed. 1989. Der Reisebericht: Die Entwicklung einer Gattung in der deutschen Literatur . Frankfurt/M.: Suhrkamp. Articles on the history of German travel literature. Introduction considers basic issues: perception of the foreign through patterns of the (kn)own. Perception is condition, influenced by lennie small of mice emotions: stimulation, rejection, amazement.

Quality of travel experience ranges from dissociation to socialization, identification. Change of the lennie small of mice and men German travel report relative to the changes in the philosophical conception of the world (homogeneity or heterogeneity of the world). Brenner, Peter J. 1989. Die Erfahrung der Fremde: Zur Entwicklung einer Wahrnehmungsform in der Geschichte des Reiseberichts. In: Peter J. Xenophobia! Brenner, ed. Der Reisebericht: Die Entwicklung einer Gattung in lennie small, der deutschen Literatur . Frankfurt/M.: Suhrkamp.

14-49. Burkart, Arthur J. Slavoj Medlik. 1974. Tourism: Past, Present, and condition human Future . London: Heinemann. Buzard, James. 1993. The Beaten Track: European Tourism, Literature, and the Ways to Culture, 1800 - 1918 . Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Seminal study on the definition and history of tourism. Critically assesses the traveller vs. tourist dichotomy . Tourism is approached in a differentiated manner weighing the following aspects: tourism as phenomenon of the masses, processes of stereotyping the foreign, selection and assessment of tourist attractions, alleged authenticity, convenience and enhancement of infrastructure, the hierarchical structure of home culture vs. foreign culture, relaxation and flight from civilisation, democratisation of travelling, antitourism ( off the beaten track ). Textual sources: travel reports, tourist guides, literary texts, documents on economic aspects of tourism. Chard, Chloe. 1999. Pleasure and Guilt on the Grand Tour: Travel Writing and Imaginative Geography 1600-1890 . Manchester: Manchester UP. Cocker, Mark. 1992. Loneliness and Time: British Travel Writing in the Twentieth Century . London: Secker Warburg. Study exclusively deals with white, middle-class, imperialistic, male authors. Uncritical stylisation of the male traveller as a hero (alleged male characteristics: self-discipline, survival in the face of danger, suppression of lennie small and men emotions, 'the lone wolf', self-sufficiency).

Claims travel literature to be factual. Cocker's arguments are not very well organised, nor up to the current state of research. Nevertheless, a useful source for male travel reports. Culler, Jonathan. 1988. The Semiotics of Tourism. In: Jonathan Culler, ed. Framing the Sign: Criticism and Its Institutions . Oxford: Blackwell. 153-167.

Article describes tourism as a semiotic system of stereotypization. Emphasises the fact that tourist attractions and economy souvenirs are semiotically communicated, i.e. they are signifiers serving the satisfaction of certain desires. Of Mice And Men Essay! Discusses this representative function of tourism from a Barthesian perspective, sees the availability of tourism as a commercial product. Thesis: semiotic processes of tourism turn the world into pains case analysis an accumulation of travel destinations. Dodd, Philip. 1982. The Views of Travellers: Travel writing in the 1930s. Prose Studies 5.1 (Special Issue The Art of lennie essay Travel: Essays on Travel Writing ): 127-138.

Dodd analyses the traveller's/the narrator's attitude towards the travelled places as the most important structural component of the compulsory organ donation text. In general, the small of mice attitudes mirror the culturally given standards; personal interests also come into the play: e.g. nostalgic childhood memories ( home tour ), social interests etc. Dodd discusses texts by Greene, Muir, Orwell, Priestley. Foster, Shirley. Review In Research! 1990. Nineteenth Century Women Tavellers and Their Writings . New York: Harvester Wheatsheaf. The study predominantly deals with female English travellers/travel writers of the 19th century. It is structured according to areas of lennie and men destination (Italy, North-America, Far East) documenting the travellers' different attitudes towards the respective countries. Introductory chapter is of fundamental relevance for theories and of literature review methodology histories of female travelling. The following aspects are given detailed treatment: breaking away from social conventions and confining norms, the double bind of the female traveller and her difficulties as a woman due to male prejudice. Female travellers as exceptional women: acquisition of lennie of mice and men essay stereotypically male characteristics, emancipated behaviour (positive evaluation, depicted in an almost panegyric manner).

Mixture of male and female conventions of condition human writing: topography, economic aspects, male activity vs. female aesthetics of landscape, female living spaces; objectivity, factual information vs. And Men Essay! emotionalised information, expression of subjectivity and self-analysis, practising dominance vs. opening up to the foreign culture and showing a readiness to integrate. Foucault, Michel. 1992. Andere Räume. In: Karlheinz Bark et al., eds. Aisthesis: Wahrnehmung heute oder Perspektiven einer anderen Ästhetik . Leipzig: Reclam: 34-46.

Foulke, Robert. 1992. The Guide Book Industry. In: Michael Kowalewski, ed. Temperamental Journeys: Essays on the Modern Literature of Travel . Athens: The University of Georgia Press. 93-106. Essay on the genre of the essays travel-guide: the travel-guide as the sole source for lennie small, mass-tourists, the best-selling subgenre within travel literature. Distinction between predominantly factual-informative and other, more personally oriented, guides.

Criteria for evaluation: travel-guides have to be up to date, affordable, handy, and respectable. Content: sights and practical hints (means of transportation, hotels, restaurants, food, clothing). Compulsory Donation Essays! Early travel handbooks in the 19th century are above all educational ( Grand tour ). Three different treatments of Bath demonstrate how travel-guides differ (in terms of selection, representation, or evaluation of the place). Frederick, Bonnie Susan H. McLeod, eds. 1993.

Women and the Journey: The Female Travel Experience . Pullman, Washington: Washington State UP. Essay collection on women and travelling. Introduction discusses fundamental issues: women's motivations for travelling (liberation from the of mice and men confining domestic shelter, transgression of boundaries), special risks for women, self-development, women's difficulties in finding a balance between the demands and conventions of xenophobia home on lennie small, the one hand and the freedom of travelling on jetblue growing pains study, the other hand. The individual contributions deal with examples of women travellers, focusing on of mice, their encounters with women of other ethnicities and questions of sex, race and class. The representation of jetblue airways pains case study analysis female travelling in of mice and men essay, literary texts is also considered: the female quest plot seems to allow no happy ending for female characters (either return to restrictive patriarchal structures at home or emigration to a foreign country). Fussell, Paul. 1980. Sources In Research Methodology! Abroad: British Literary Travelling Between the Wars . Oxford: Oxford UP. Early authoritative text on travel literature. Deals exclusively with traditional male travel literature written between the wars (summaries, biographical details). Lennie Of Mice And Men! Authors discussed are: Robert Byron, Norman Douglas, Graham Greene, D.H.

Lawrence, Evelyn Waugh. Aspects of analysis: major need to travel in post-war society, boom of travel literature, introduction of passports, awareness of national borders. Travel vs. tourism, the latter strongly deprecated. Questionable categorisation of travel periods: exploration (Renaissance), travel (age of the bourgeoisie), tourism (proletarian age). Fussell's study is of rather restricted use for information on travel literature. Fussell, Paul. 1992. Travel and the British Literary Imagination of the Twenties and Thirties. In: Michael Kowalewski, ed. Temperamental Journeys: Essays on the Modern Literature of Travel . Athens: The University of Georgia Press.

71-92. Ghose, Indira. 1998. Xenophobia Essay! Women Travellers in Colonial India: The Power of the Female Gaze . Oxford: Oxford UP. Postcolonial-deconstructionist and small of mice and men feminist study on India. Ghose's study aims at uncovering ideologies.

Shows women as doubly colonised. Women's subversive refusal of the colonial discourse, female quest for identity. Questions of ethnic difference and multi-culturalism. Contemplation of the Other serves self-definition (confirmation of the condition human Self through reduction of the Other). The rational subject of European Enlightenment as the standard of evaluation. Textual sources: 19th-century travel literature of and men British women depicting different images of Indian women. In Research Methodology! The female perspective of women travellers is influenced by aspects of race, class and gender. They seem to have taken over lennie small and men, male positions of epistemological superiority, of voyeurs or spies. This is study analysis, also evident in the description of landscape following the aesthetic conventions of the picturesque.

Henderson, Heather. 1992. The Travel Writer and small essay the Text: My Giant Goes with Me Wherever I Go. Of Political Socialization! In: Michael Kowalewski, ed. Temperamental Journeys: Essays on the Modern Literature of Travel . Athens: The University of Georgia Press. Of Mice! 230-240.

Henderson demonstrates the intertextuality of compulsory travel literature on the basis of several examples. Literary and small and men cultural influences determined the perception and style of xenophobia essay travel writers: stereotypes, prejudices, historical and literary knowledge, former travel reports. Lennie Small Of Mice And Men! Impossibility of a direct access to condition essay human, the reality of the lennie of mice and men travelled country. Subjective experiences of the traveller as another element of mediating reality. Hindley, Geoffrey. 1983.

Tourists, Travellers, and Pilgrims . Sources Of Literature Methodology! London: Hutchinson. Hunter, Jefferson. 1982. Edwardian Fiction . Cambridge, Ma. Small Essay! London: Harvard UP. Study on the Edwardian novel . Discusses predominantly male authors (only Woolf and airways growing case analysis Vita Sackville West are mentioned). Key words: Formal aspects (continuity and change). Depiction of of mice essay social problems. Best-sellers (do not account for the particular character of the epoch). Travel literature as a means of escaping into compulsory the exotic.

Imperialism. Debate on identity. Lennie Of Mice! The English country mansion as a topos. Criticism: Tendency towards superficial judgements. Ingemanson, Brigitta Maria. Compulsory! 1993. Under Cover: The Paradox of Victorian Women's Travel Costume. In: Bonnie Frederick Susan H. McLeod, eds. Women and lennie small of mice essay the Journey: The Female Travel Experience . Jetblue Airways Pains Case! Pullman, Washington: Washington State UP.

5-24. The essay shows how women travellers of the Victorian and Edwardian period endeavoured to dress and lennie of mice and men essay act according to conventional norms of femininity. This caused considerable difficulties for women: mountaineering with crinoline and Alpenstock . 5 Factors! Dressing according to male dress codes was perceived as a loss of identity by most women up to the 20th century. Jost, Herbert. 1989. Selbst-Verwirklichung und Seelensuche: Zur Bedeutung des Reiseberichts im Zeitalter des Massentourismus. In: Peter J. Brenner, ed. Lennie Small And Men Essay! Der Reisebericht: Die Entwicklung einer Gattung in der deutschen Literatur . Frankfurt/M.: Suhrkamp.

490-507. Kohl, Stephan. Xenophobia! 1990. Small Of Mice! Travel Literature and the Art of Self-Invention. In: Rüdiger Ahrens, ed. Anglistentag 1989 Würzburg: Proceedings . Tübingen: Niemeyer. Korte, Barbara.

1996. Der englische Reisebericht: Von der Pilgerfahrt bis zur Postmoderne . Darmstadt: WBG. Study on the history of travel literature in England; attempts a systematic description of the genre. Key words: genre hybridity and openness, relation of xenophobia fact and fiction, narrative components, subject-object relation. Marginally, Korte also considers travel literature by women authors. Distinguishes different motivations for travelling and different forms of travel reports: pilgrimage (spiritual salvation), voyages of small of mice essay discovery (trade routes, map-making, exotic merchandise, conquest), expedition (scientific and nautical discoveries), Grand tour (identity formation, sights, sexual adventures), Home tour (getting to know one's own country, questions of growing pains national identity and nationalism), subjectivity, experimental forms of travel literature in the 1930s (personal experience, civilisation critique), development of tourism (relaxation, security, comfort, sights), intertextual play with travel reports in postmodernism.

Kowalewski, Michael, ed. 1992. Temperamental Journeys: Essays on the Modern Literature of Travel . Athens: The University of Georgia Press. The contributions to this essay collection are quite heterogeneous with respect to content and quality, they are separately listed and annotated under the small and men names of the respective authors (see Rober Foulke, Heather Henderson, Mary Morris). The following aspects are mentioned in the editor's foreword: emphasis of the newly awakened interest in travel literature; hybridity of the genre (mixture of autobiography, journalism, travel guide, confessional literature, and novel); curiosity and desire for independence as travel motivations; subjectivity of travel impressions. Lawrence, Karen L. 1994. Penelope Voyages: Women and Travel in essay, the British Literary Tradition . Cornell: Cornell UP.

Semiotic-psychoanalytic approach to interpreting travel literature and novels calling upon mythical constructions. Lawrence asks the hypothetical question: What happens if Penelope no longer waits for Odysseus but begins to travel herself? Thesis: it is the traditional exclusion of women from travelling that brings about the male travel plot. Lawrence argues on the basis of psychoanalytic theorems: Freud's association of the uncanny with the stranger and the mother suggests the male traveller's ambivalent search for the maternal/original safety. Travelling enabled women to penetrate new spaces, experiencing the tension between the small of mice and men essay familiar and the strange.

The flexibility of the genre of travel literature opened up opportunities for sources review in research methodology, women, even the process of small of mice and men essay writing became a kind of travel adventure, a breaking away from male (literary) conventions. Lawrence illustrates that the signifier 'travel' can denote various signifieds. Xenophobia Essay! Postulates differences between male and female conventions of writing and behaviour, provides evidence from a number of texts (Mary Kingsley and Sarah Lee among others). Lobsien, Eckhard. And Men! 1981.

Landschaft in Texten: Zur Geschichte und Phänomenologie der literarischen Beschreibung . Stuttgart: Metzler. Lutwack, Leonard. 1984. The Role of Place in Literature . New York: Syracuse UP. MacCannell, Dean. 1976. Case! [1999] The Tourist: A New Theory of the Leisure Class . New York: Schocken Books. Structuralist-semiotic study on tourism. MacCannell sees the tourist as a prototype of the lennie small and men essay modern human being (hunger for adventure, need for leisure time, superficiality). Sights are signifiers to which different signifieds can be assigned; they acquire a representative function.

Authenticity of sights is produced and serially reproduced in the souvenir. Process of semantisation: sacrilization, framing and elevation, mechanical reproduction. Wide spectrum of tourist attractions: museums, parks, historical buildings, residential areas (e.g. Beverley Hills), shipyards, slums, garbage dumps (examples of the negative sides of tourism), ways of transport (tunnels, canals, bridges), business quarters, markets, population groups (e.g. Amish people). Melchett, Sonia 1991. Passionate Quests: Five Modern Women Travellers . London. Heinemann. Mersmann, Arndt. 2000. Novel Topographies: A Spatial Reading of Sybil.

In: Joachim Frenk, ed. Spatial Change in English Literature . Trier: Wissenschaftlicher Verlag Trier. Disraeli's novel serves as an example for growing pains, illustrating the new experiences of space created by the possibility of railroad travelling (the account is small of mice and men, based on Schivelbusch 1977, see below). Key words: mobility, speed, transportation of goods, communication, overcoming of distances, changes of landscape, gaining knowledge of different social areas. Mills, Sara. 1991. Discourses of Difference: An Analysis of Women's Travel Writing and Colonialism . London: Routledge. One of the condition essay human first studies focusing on postcolonial issues from a feminist perspective (see also Ghose 1998).

Extensive methodological reflections on small of mice and men, the discourse-theoretical approach (Foucault). Mills emphasises that travelling women should - just as men - be viewed in the context of an imperialist ideology, yet they deal with it differently ( double-voiced discourse ). Mills provides a research report on travel literature and remarks on the previous neglect of female travellers. There are three case studies: Mary Kingsley, Alexandra David-Neel, Nina Mazuchelli. Morris, Mary. 1992.

Women and Journeys: Inner and Outer. In: Michael Kowalewski, ed. Essays! Temperamental Journeys: Essays on the Modern Literature of Travel . Lennie And Men! Athens: The University of Georgia Press. 25-32. Morris characterises female travelling and travel writing from her own perspective. Two types of travel plots are possible for women authors: either waiting for of political socialization, the stranger at home or searching for the strange abroad. Morris discusses women's inclination to essay, enter a dialogic relationship with the foreign country, to bring in their own perception. Women prefer travelling in company, they are often in need of male protection. On the whole the study draws a somewhat simplistic picture of travelling women. Pelz, Annegret.

1993. Reisen durch die eigene Fremde: Reiseliteratur von Frauen als autobiographische Schriften . Köln: Böhlau. Pfister, Manfred. 1993. Intertextuelles Reisen, oder: Der Reisebericht als Intertext.

In: Herbert Foltinek, Wolfgang Riehle Waldemar Zacharasiewicz, eds. Xenophobia Essay! Tales and 'their telling difference': Zur Theorie und Geschichte der Narrativik . Festschrift Franz K. Stanzel. Heidelberg: Winter. The article refutes the myth of authenticity and shows the manifold intertextual networks of travel literature. Typology of essay intertextuality in travel literature. Repressed and negated intertextuality (blurring of intertextual tracks; search for new, non-verbalised spaces), compiled intertextuality (excerpting travel guides and reports), homage paying intertextuality (visiting cult-places and essay human quoting authorities), dialogic function of intertextuality (discussion of former travel traditions).

Pfister, Manfred Indira Ghose. 1996. Still Going Strong: The Loneliness of the Long Distance Traveller in Modern Travel Writing. Journal for the Study of British Culture 3.2: 149-163. Pratt, Marie Louise. 1992. Lennie Of Mice! Imperial Eyes: Travel Writing and Transculturation . London: Routledge. Postcolonial approach. Deals with travel literature on South America and Africa 1750-1980. Shows different types of relations between two cultures: co-presence ( contact zone ), dominance of the economy essays conqueror's perspective ( colonial frontier ), seemingly innocent stance of the conqueror ( anti-conquest ), assimilation of the conquered ( autoethnographic ). An imperialistic attitude of conquest can also be expressed within Europe, e.g. through arrogance towards the stranger or through mental appropriation. Pratt includes rhetorical devices of imperialistic tendencies in small, travel literature: epithets and similes referring to the traveller's own country, aesthetisation of landscape according to native categories, elevated position with panoramic view, self-revaluation caused by a joy for sources of literature, discovery, exploiting the knowledge of the native guide.

Quadflieg, Helga. 2000. Kleine Fluchten: Isabella Bird und ihre Reisen nach Amerika. In: Querelles: Jahrbuch für Frauenforschung 2000. (Vol. 5: Grenzgängerinnen des moralischen Geschlechts ). Lennie Essay! Stuttgart: Metzler.

110-123. A case study of some of essay Isabella Bird's travel writings. Illustrates the double bind of the small female traveller in essay, the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century: tension between conventionality and freedom, affirmation and subversion of existing norms (see also Forster 1990: Frederick, ed. 1991). Robinson, Jane. 1990.

Wayward Women: A Guide to Women Travellers . Oxford: Oxford UP. A bibliography of women's travel writing listing approx. Lennie Small! 400 authors. Entries contain brief biographical sketches, key words and synopses. Robinson provides bibliographical access to a comprehensive corpus of texts, and thereby enables further research on female travel literature. Russel, Mary. Jetblue Airways Study Analysis! [1986] 1996. The Blessings of a Good Thick Skirt: Women Travellers and Their World. London: Flamingo. Said, Edward. 1983.

Orientalism . New York: Random House. Schabert, Ina. 1997. Reisebücher: Die Frau in lennie small of mice, der Fremde. In: Ina Schabert. Englische Literaturgeschichte aus der Sicht der Geschlechterforschung . Stuttgart: Kröner. 589-597.

Schäffter, Ortfried, ed. 1991. Das Fremde: Erfahrungsmöglichkeiten zwischen Faszination und Bedrohung . Opladen: Westdeutscher Verlag. Schaff, Barbara. 1999. Gendered Cities: Italienische Städte im Blick britischer Reisender. In: Andreas Mahler, ed. Allegorie, Mimesis, Imagination . Heidelberg: Winter. 173-196. Schaff discusses the textuality of economy essays cities and lennie of mice their literary representation with respect to the different perspectives of male and female authors/characters. Examples: phallic conception of Florence as cultural space of masculinity (Lawrence), Venice as art-trophy (Ruskin) or as embodiment of the sources review archetypal mother (Byron); Rome as unapproachable (for Dorothea in Middlemarch ), or as a symbol of triumphant conquest (Felicia Hemans).

Schivelbusch, Wolfgang. 1977. Geschichte der Eisenbahnreise. Zur Industrialisierung von Raum und Zeit im 19. Jahrhundert. Lennie Of Mice Essay! Frankfurt/M: Fischer. Authoritative study on travelling by railroad.

Focuses on: development of railway traffic in xenophobia, England, on the continent and in North America; the railroad's peculiarities as a means of public transport and merchandise transportation; the change of the lennie of mice essay experience of space and time; economic, social and cultural aspects; Schivelbusch presents a (somewhat one-sided) critique of airways growing civilisation (alienation from nature). Schülting, Sabine. And Men Essay! 1997. Jetblue Airways Growing Pains Study! Wilde Frauen, Femde Welten: Kolonisierungsgeschichten aus Amerika . Reinbek: Rowohlt. Stannard, Martin. 1982. Debunking the lennie of mice Jungle: The Context of Evelyn Waugh's Travel Books 1930-9. Prose Studies 5.1 (Special Issue The Art of Travel: Essays on of china essays, Travel Writing ): 105-126. Stevenson, Catherine Barnes. Lennie Small Of Mice And Men! 1982. Victorian Women Travel Writers in Africa . Boston: Twayne.

Schwarze, Hans-Wilhelm. 1982. Ereignisse, Zeit und Raum, Sprechsituationen in narrativen Texten. In: Hans-Werner Ludwig, ed. Arbeitsbuch Romananalyse: Eine Einführung . Tübingen: Narr. Sources Of Literature In Research Methodology! 145-188. [esp. 170-174] Tinling, Marion. 1989. Lennie Small! Woman into the Unknown: A Sourcebook on Women Explorers and xenophobia Travelers . Lennie Of Mice Essay! New York: Greenwood Press. Veit, Karin.

1997. Journey and Gender - Diversity of Travel Writing. In: Susanne Fender, ed. Feminist Contributions to the Literary Canon: Setting Standards of Taste . Leviston, N.Y.: Edwin Mellen Press. 107-138. Veit examines gender-specific aspects of travelling and travel writing. Cites examples of women writers blurring the gender boundaries, i.e. Compulsory Essays! exemplary travel texts depicting women who break away from their conventional female role. Examples of gender-specific discourses: the journey of Ella Maillart and essay Peter Fleming from Peking through the Chinese province Sianking to economy of china, Cashmere is told in small and men essay, two different texts (1936) representing a female and a male version; further examples are the two journeys to Russia undertaken by Susan Richards and Christopher Hope at the same time (1990). Veit's analysis confirms gender stereotypes, but also illustrates the double-voiced discourse of female travellers in their writings. Würzbach, Natascha. 2001.

Erzählter Raum: fiktionaler Baustein, kultureller Sinnträger, Ausdruck der Geschlechterordnung. In: Jörg Helbig, ed. Erzählen und Erzähltheorie im 20. Of Literature! Jahrhundert: Festschrift für Wilhelm Füger . Heidelberg: Winter. 105-129. Article covers the state of research on the phenomenon of literary space. Approaches: narratology, phenomenology, psychoanalysis, social geography, structuralism, semiotics of culture, deconstruction, cultural history, and gender studies. Introduces categories of conceptions and typologies of space.

Points of special consideration: semantization of space, reference to small, the subject, the economy body, movement in space and its function as a reader's guide. Provides literary examples. Essay collection on the socio-cultural context of modernism. Focuses on lennie of mice, literature and art in their relation to society. Considers a multitude of aspects: mass culture, literary criticism, poetry, the novel (also: popular fiction), drama, forms of publication, radio, cinema, popular music and fine arts. Felski, Rita. 1995. The Gender of Modernity . Cambridge, Ma.: Harvard UP. Study on gender and modernity, proceeding from organ essays cultural theory and cultural history. Considers different discourses: philosophy, history, natural sciences, psychology, sexology, social history, conditions of publication.

Focus on one author: Marie Corelli. Harris, Jose. 1994. Private Lives and lennie and men Public Spirit: Britain 1870-1914 . In Research Methodology! Harmondsworth: Penguin. Study proceeding from social history. Key words: demography, family, property, profession, religion, society and state, social theories. Keating, Peter. 1989. The Haunted Study: A Social History of the English Novel 1875-1914 . Lennie Small Of Mice! London: Secker Warburg. Kern, Stephen. Economy Essays! 1983.

The Culture of Time and small Space, 1880-1918 . Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard UP. Lewis, Jane, Ed. 1986. Labour and Love: Women's Experience of Home and Family, 1850-1940 . Oxford: Blackwell. Study on women's social history between 1850 and 1940. Deals with the usual topics: childhood, marriage, motherhood, class differences. Lucas, John. 1997.

The Radical Twenties. Aspects of Writing, Politics and Culture. Nottingham: Five Leaves. Study on the 1920s as a time of radical change, proceeding from cultural theory. Points out essays several aspects of society and discusses them in terms of their radicality: Effects of World War I on the public consciousness, socialism, women question, sexual liberation, drugs, music culture (jazz as decadent), dance (dance orgies, modern dance), mass culture (journals). Detailed discussion of novels (also by female authors).

McFarlane, Barbara. 1984. Homes for Heroines. Housing in the Twenties. In: Making Space. Women and small the Man-Made Environment . London: Pluto Press. 26-36. Social history: women-centred housing. Mowat, John Loch. 1955.

Britain Between the economy of china Wars 1918-1940 . London: Methuen. Nicholls, Peter. 1995. Modernisms. A Literary Guide . London: Macmillan.

Study on the time between the two World Wars: the 'Roaring Twenties' and the social consciousness in the 1930s (socialism, marxism, Spanish civil war, pacifism). Further key words: Fashion (the androgynous style of the flapper), architecture and small essay mass media. Oldfield, Sybil, ed. 1994. This Working-Day World: Women's Lives and Culture(s) in 5 factors of political, Britain 1914-1945. London: Taylor Francis. Essay collection on social history.

Centred on lennie small and men essay, women's history, introduces several women's groups. Key words: Divorce laws, motherhood. Xenophobia Essay! Women's rights to work between the wars, elementary school teachers. Suffragettes. Pacifist movement. Fascism.

Female artists. Winter, J.M. 1985. The Great War and the British People . Basingstoke London: Macmillan. Demographic study on World War I, proceeding from social history. Lennie And Men! Key words: war and loss, people's health, standards of living, efforts to increase birthrates, female surplus. Criticism: the study hardly considers women's situations and of china essays perspectives. Study on female experience of the two World Wars. Special focus: women and profession.

Restraining of women from working in the time between the wars. Study provides detailed historical evidence: thoroughly investigated. Byles, Joan Montgomery. 1985. Women's Experience of World War I: Suffragists, Pacifists and Poets. Women's Studies International Forum 8.5: 473-487.

Article on the suffrage movement in the context of World War I. Key words: division - militarist suffragettes vs. Of Mice! pacifist suffragettes. Example: conflict between Emmeline and Sylvia Pankhurst. Textual material: war poetry by women. Dyhouse, Carol. 1989. Feminism and the Family in England 1880-1939 . London: Blackwell. Study on family and marriage from 5 factors a women-centred perspective. Textual material: basically (auto)biography, but also some novels. Felski, Rita. 1995.

The Gender of Modernity . Cambridge, Ma.: Harvard UP. Study on gender and modernity, proceeding from cultural theory and cultural history. Considers different discourses: philosophy, history, natural sciences, psychology, sexology, social history, conditions of of mice essay publication. Focus on organ, one author: Marie Corelli. Gardner, Viv Susan Rutherford, eds. 1992. Of Mice And Men Essay! The New Woman And Her Sisters: Feminism And Theatre 1850-1914 . Hemel Hempstead: Harvester Wheatsheaf. Gardiner, Juliet, ed.

1993. Women's Voices 1880-1918: The New Woman. London: Collins Brown. Essay collection on literary representations of the New Woman. Analysis is not limited to the genre of the New Woman novel , covers a wide range of textual examples: poetry, drama, travel literature, letters and other cultural-historical documents. Deals with established and less established writers. Horn, Pamela. 1995. Women in jetblue pains, the 1920s . Stroud: Alan Sutton Publishing. Lewis, Jane, ed. 1986.

Labour and Love: Women's Experience of Home and Family, 1850-1940 . Oxford: Blackwell. Essay collection on women's social history between 1850 and and men essay 1940. Deals with the usual topics: childhood, marriage, motherhood, class differences. McFarlane, Barbara. 1984.

Homes for Heroines. Housing in the Twenties. In: Making Space. Women and the Man-Made Environment . London: Pluto Press. 26-36. Social history: women-centred housing. Oldfield, Sybil, ed. 1994.

This Working-Day World: Women's Lives and condition essay Culture(s) in Britain 1914-1945. London: Taylor Francis. Essay collection on social history. Centred on women's history, introduces several women's groups. Lennie Of Mice And Men Essay! Key words: Divorce laws, motherhood. Women's rights to work between the wars, elementary school teachers. Suffragettes. Pacifist movement. Fascism.

Female artists. Ouditt, Sharon. 1994. Fighting Forces, Writing Women: Identity and Ideology in the First World War . Compulsory Organ! London New York: Routledge. Study on women and of mice and men World War I. Starts out focusing on a description of women at work (medical duty, agricultural work, work in munitions factories). Continues to approach the topic by looking at different texts: magazines, autobiographies and of china essays novels (partly popular literature). Literature (fictional and non-fictional) is small and men, granted a major role in this context. Areas of discussion: images of women: stereotypical Red Cross Nurse (active role of hero, yet female) - the ordinary housewife at the home front as angel in the house in of china, war literature. Critical reflection on the war and women's roles in postwar fiction. Image of the mother as a preserver of life. Small Of Mice And Men Essay! Feminist pacifism.

The shock experience of war and the temporary allocation of roles as a danger to identity. Discussion of the influence of World War I on society and literature as part of jetblue airways growing case analysis modernism. Bataille, Georges. 1994. Die Erotik , ed. G. Bergfleth. München. Benthien, Claudia.

1999. Haut: Literaturgeschichte, Körperbilder, Grenzdiskurse . Reinbek b. Hamburg: Rowohlt. Benthien, Claudia Irmela Marei Krüger-Fürhoff, eds. 1999. Über Grenzen: Limitation und Transgression in Literatur und Ästhetik . Stuttgart, Weimar: Metzler. Bordo, Susan. 1993.

Unbearable Weight: Feminism, Western Culture, and the Body . Lennie And Men Essay! Berkeley, Los Angeles, London: University of California Press. Breger, Claudia Tobias Döring, eds. Condition Essay! 1998. Figuren des/der Dritten: Erkundungen kultureller Zwischenräume . Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi. Butler, Judith. 1990. Gender Trouble: Feminism and the Subversion of Identity. New York, London: Routledge.

de Lauretis, Teresa. 1990. Eccentric Subjects: Feminist Theory and Historical Consciousness. Feminist Studies 16.1: 115-150. Dollimore, Jonathan. 1992. Lennie Small And Men! The Dominant and the Deviant: A Violent Dialectic. In:ed. Wayne R. Dynes Stephen Donaldson, eds.

Homosexual Themes in Literary Studies . Airways Pains Case Analysis! New York: Garland. 87-100. Douglas, Mary. [1966] 1984. Lennie Of Mice And Men Essay! Purity and Danger: An Analysis of the Concepts of Pollution and Taboo . London, etc.: Ark. Doyle, Laura. Of Political! 1994. Bordering on the Body: The Radical Matrix of Modern Fiction and Culture . New York, Oxford: Oxford UP. Durkheim, Emile. [1893] 1996. Über soziale Arbeitsteilung. Studie über die Organisation höherer Gesellschaften. Frankfurt/M.

Dreitzel, H.P. 1972. Die gesellschaftlichen Leiden und das Leiden an der Gesellschaft: Vorstudien zu einer Pathologie des Rollenverhaltens . Stuttgart: Ferdinand Enke. Febvre, Lucien. 1990. 'Frontière - Wort und Bedeutung. In: Lucien Febvre. Das Gewissen des Historikers . Lennie Small Of Mice And Men Essay! Frankfurt/M. 27-36. Ferguson, Russell, Martha Gever, Trinh T. Minh-ha Cornel West, eds. Sources Methodology! 1990. Out There: Marginalization and Contemporary Cultures.

New York: The New Museum of Contemporary Art Cambridge/Mass., London: The MIT Press. Finke, Laurie. 1986. The Rhetoric of Marginality: Why I Do Feminist Theory. Tulsa Studies in Women's Literature 5.2: 251-72.

Foucault, Michel. [1963] 1988. Zum Begriff der Übertretung. In: Michel Foucault. Schriften zur Literatur . Frankfurt/M.: Fischer. 69-89. Freud, Sigmund. [1919] 1994. Das Unheimliche. In: Sigmund Freud. Studienausgabe IV, Psychologische Schriften, ed.

Alexander Mitscherlich et al. Frankfurt/M.: Suhrkamp. 241-274. Gregg, John. Of Mice Essay! 1994. Maurice Blanchot and the Literature of Transgression. Princeton/New Jersey: Princeton UP. Hohnsträter, Dirk.

1999. Im Zwischenraum. Ein Lob des Grenzgängers. In: Claudia Benthien Irmela Marei Krüger-Fürhoff, eds. 1999. Airways Growing Pains Case Study Analysis! Über Grenzen: Limitation und Transgression in Literatur und Ästhetik . Stuttgart, Weimar: Metzler. 231-244. Jervis, John. 1999. Transgressing the Modern: Explorations in the Western Experience of small of mice essay Otherness . Oxford: Blackwell. Koschorke, Albrecht.

1990. Die Geschichte des Horizonts: Grenze und Grenzüberschreitung in literarischen Landschaftsbildern . Frankfurt/M.: Suhrkamp. Kristeva, Julia. 1980. Powers of Horror. An Essay on Abjection . New York, London: Routledge. Sargisson, Lucy. 2000. Utopian Bodies and the Politics of Transgression.

London, etc.: Routledge. Shildrick, Margrit, Janet Price. 1999. Airways Growing Pains Case! Openings on of mice, the Body: A Critical Introduction. In: Janet Price Margrit Shildrick, eds. Feminist Theory and the Body: A Reader . New York: Routledge.

1-14. Shildrick, Margrit. 1997. Leaky Bodies and Boundaries. Growing Analysis! Feminism, Postmodernism and (Bio)Ethics . London, New York: Routledge. Showalter, Elaine. 1985. Feminist Criticism in the Wilderness.

In: Elaine Showalter, ed. The New Feminist Criticism: Essays on Women, Literature and Theory . London: Virago, 243-270. Stallybrass, Peter Allan White, eds. 1986. The Politics and lennie small and men essay Poetics of Transgression . London: Methuen. Stevens, Hugh. 2000. Introduction: Modernism and its Margins.

In: Hugh Stevens Caroline Howlett, eds. Modernist Sexualities . Manchester, New York: Manchester University Press, 1-12. Turner, Victor. 1967. Betwixt and Between: The Liminal Period in Rites de Passage . In: Victor Turner. The Forest of Symbols . Condition Essay Human! New York: Cornell UP. Van Gennep, Arnold. [1908] 1960. The Rites of Passage , trans. M.B.

Vizedom, G.L. Caffee. Chicago: U of Chicago P. Weigel, Sigrid. 1990. Rekonstruktion und Relektüre: Die Arbeit von Frauen in der Literaturwissenschaft als Teil weiblicher Kulturkritik. In: Sigrid Weigel.

Topographien der Geschlechter: Kulturgeschichtliche Studien zur Literatur . Reinbek b. Lennie Of Mice Essay! Hamburg: Rowohlt. 252-263. Butler, Judith. 1993. Of China! Bodies that Matter: On the lennie of mice essay Discursive Limits of 'Sex' . New York London: Routledge.

Diprose, Ros. 1994. The Bodies of Women: Ethics, Embodiment and Sexual Difference. Of Political! London: Routledge. Foucault, Michel. 1992. Sexualität und Wahrheit 1: Der Wille zum Wissen. 6th ed. Frankfurt/M.: Suhrkamp. Foucault, Michel.

1994. Überwachen und Strafen: Die Geburt des Gefängnisses . Frankfurt/M.: Suhrkamp. Foucault, Michel. 1998. Über Hermaphrodismus: Der Fall Barbin , ed. Wolfgang Schäffner Joseph Vogl. Frankfurt/M.: Suhrkamp. Grosz, Elizabeth. 1994. Volatile Bodies: Toward a Corporeal Feminism. Lennie Of Mice And Men! Bloomington, Indianapolis: Indiana UP. Haraway, Donna.

1991. The Promises of Monsters: A Regenerative Politics for Inappropriate/d Others. In: L. Of Political! Grossberg, C. Nelson, P. Small Of Mice Essay! Treichler, eds. Cultural Studies. London: Routledge. Herdt, Gilbert, ed. 1994. Third Sex, Third Gender: Beyond Sexual Dimorphism in Culture and History . New York: Zone Books. Horner, Avril Angela Keane. 2000. Body Matters: Feminism, Textuality, Corporeality.

Manchester, New York: Manchester UP. Hurley, Kelly. Sources! 1996. The Gothic Body: Sexuality, Materialism, and Degeneration of the Fin de Siècle. Cambridge: Cambridge UP.

Jacobus, Mary, Evelyn Fox Keller Sally Shuttleworth, eds. 1990. Body/Politics: Women and the Discourses of Science. New York London: Routledge. Laqueur, Thomas. 1992. Making Sex: Body and lennie small and men Gender from the Greeks to jetblue airways pains case study, Freud . Cambridge/Mass., London: Harvard UP. Price, Janet Margrit Shildrick, eds. 1999. Feminist Theory and the Body: A Reader . New York: Routledge. Sargisson, Lucy.

2000. Small Essay! Utopian Bodies and the Politics of Transgression. Economy Of China Essays! London, etc.: Routledge. Shildrick, Margrit. 1997. Leaky Bodies and Boundaries: Feminism, Postmodernism, and (Bio)Ethics . London: Routledge. Terry, Jennifer Jacqueline Urla, eds. Of Mice And Men! 1995.

Deviant Bodies . Bloomington: Indiana UP. Brooks, J.A. 1982. Ghosts of London: The East End, City, and North. Norwich: Jarrold. Dinzelbacher, Peter, ed. 1993. Europäische Mentalitätsgeschichte: Hauptthemen in Einzeldarstellungen . Stuttgart: Kröner. Essay collection on different experiences of space from antiquity up to the present. Approach: history of compulsory mentality. Key words: experience of space as social, geographic, and small of mice and men essay cultural (fields of interest: religion, architecture etc.).

Space and aspects of conquering and opening up (of new rooms). Cyberspace. Foucault, Michel. 1992. Andere Räume. In: Karlheinz Bark et al., eds. Aisthesis: Wahrnehmung heute oder Perspektiven einer anderen Ästhetik . Economy Of China! Reclam: Leipzig. 34-46. Article on space and otherness. Difference between normal and deviant spaces. Lennie Small And Men! Key words: heterotopias (hospitals, psychiatric clinics, prisons. ); spatial symbolism and history of mentality.

Frenk, Joachim, ed. 2000. Spatial Change in English Literature . Trier: Wissenschaftlicher Verlag Trier. Aufsatzsammlung. Mentalitätsgeschichtlich bedingter Wandel von Raumvorstellungen in human, der englischen Literaturgeschichte. Lennie Small Of Mice! Besonderes Interesse der Postmoderne am Raum (Sozialgeographie, Kolonialismus, Datenflüsse um den Erdball, Cyberspace.) Fryer, Judith. 1984. Women and Space.

The Flowering of Desire. In: Prospects: An Annual of American Cultural Studies . Donation! 187-230. Study on gendered concepts of space in architecture, housing and and men narrative fiction from the airways growing pains turn of the century up to the 1930s based on social geography. Contains writings on architecture and feminist reform efforts. Grosz, Elizabeth. 1995.

Space, Time and Perversion. Essays on the Politics of Bodies . London: Routledge. (esp. 103-124) Hauser, Susanne. 1990. Der Blick auf die Stadt: Semiotische Untersuchungen zur literarischen Wahrnehmung bis 1910 . Berlin: Dietrich Reimer. Semiotic studies on literary perceptions of lennie of mice essay urban spaces. Key words: perception of space in general. Basic patterns of the experience of city space (multi-stimulation, processes of selection. ). Culturally variable navigation of perception (closely connected with aspects of value judgements).

Higonnet, Margaret R. Joan Templeton, eds. 1994. Reconfigured Spheres: Feminist Explorations of Literary Space . Amherst: University of Mass. Press. Essay collection. Provides different perspectives on the feminist relevance of essay space: Historical, multi-cultural, metaphorical. Key words: Symbolic representative functions of space in texts. Marginalisation, transgression of of mice and men boundaries, role of airways case clothing, ghettoisation of feminist literary criticism.

Hubrath, Margarete, ed. 2001. Geschlechterräume: Konstruktionen von gender in Geschichte, Literatur und Alltag . Köln: Böhlau. Kern, Stephen. 1983. The Culture of Time and Space 1880 1918 . Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard UP. Study on modernist concepts of time and space. Documents historical changes of spatial concepts in modernity.

Key words: Subjectivity, categorisation according to different ways of perception (visual, acoustic, tactual etc.) Microscopic space. Art (cubism, impressionism) and small sculpture. Film (rapid change of pictures and scenes). Heterogeneous space. Plurality of growing pains study stance, multi-perspectivity. Changes of attitude. Space as designable matter (magnetic fields, architecture, artificial lighting).

Expansion and reduction of geographical space (expeditions, public and private transport, aviation). Urban spaces. Psychoanalysis (mental rooms of the interior, stream of consciousness). Kursbuch Stadt. Stadtleben und Stadtkultur an der Jahrtausendwende. 1999 . Redaktion Stefan Bollmann. And Men! Stuttgart: DVA. Läpple, Dieter. 1991. Gesellschaftszentriertes Raumkonzept: Zur Überwindung von physikalisch-mathematischen Raumauffassungen in der Gesellschaftsanalyse.

In: Martin Wentz, ed. Stadt-Räume . Frankfurt/M.: Campus. Xenophobia Essay! 35-46. Theoretical essay on different natures of space: Human-centred concepts of space vs. scientific concepts of space. Lefèbvre, Henri. 1972. Die Revolution der Städte. München: List. McFarlane, Barbara. 1984. Homes for Heroines.

Housing in lennie and men, the Twenties. In: Making Space. Women and the Man-Made Environment . London: Pluto Press. 26-36. Social history: women-centred housing. Nowel, Ingrid. 1998. London: Biographie einer Weltstadt.

Architektur und Kunst, Geschichte und Literatur. Köln: Dumont. Shaffer, Elinor S., ed. 1996. Spaces: Cities, Gardens and Wilderness . Condition! Cambridge: Cambridge UP. Sharpe, William 1986. Feminizing the small of mice and men essay Urban World. Urban Resources 3.2: 55-57. Schivelbusch, Wolfgang.

1979. Case! Geschichte der Eisenbahnreise. Zur Industrialisierung von Raum und Zeit im 19. Jahrhundert . Frankfurt/M.: Ullstein. Historical study on lennie, space and time in the 19th century related to the development of the economy railway as a means of travel and and men essay transport. Its influence on the perception of space and time. (Germany, England, USA). Sennett, Richard. 1994. Flesh and Stone: The Body and the City in Western Civilization . New York London: W.W. Norton.

Study on space and bodily experience. Key words: sensory perception, movements, analogies of essays city and body, allocation of meaning to certain areas (public, private etc.), historical change of cities, interior rooms, increasing dimension of the private in interior rooms. Weigel, Sigrid. 1983. Topographien der Geschlechter: Kulturgeschichtliche Studien zur Literatur . Reinbek: Rowohlt. Study on gender topographies and literature. Cultural-historical approach. Considers space: female allegorization of the city. Weinreb, Ben Christopher Hibbert. 1983.

The London Encyclopaedia. London: Macmillan. Collection of essays, proceeding from cultural theory. Social space is defined by rules of behaviour, moral concepts, interests, objectives and small and men essay class. It is therefore relevant for compulsory, questions of gender identity.

Key words: setting and transgression of boundaries; domains of power; imaginary space in literature and utopia. Bell, David Gill Valentine, eds. 1995. Small Of Mice And Men Essay! Mapping Desire: Geographies and Sexuality . London: Routledge. Collection of essays, proceeding from social geography. Compulsory Organ Donation! Key words: connection of lennie small of mice space and different facets of identity formation (personal, professional and sexual). Questions of the body. Human! Urban spaces. Power relations connected with space. Benko, Georges Ulf Stohmeyer, eds.

1997. Space and Social Theory: Interpreting Modernity and Postmodernity . Oxford. Blackwell. Collection of essays. Approach: deconstructivist social geography - social space as a linguistic construct to be newly developed over and over by the individual. Key words: Blurring of boundaries between mental and empirical spaces; spatial symbolism (described from a constructivist background and not from the usual arguments of social history or history of mentality). Duncan, Nancy, ed.

1996. Small Of Mice And Men! Bodyspace: Destabilizing Geographies of 5 factors of political socialization Gender and Sexuality. London: Routledge. Essay collection on space, gender and sexuality. Approach: social geography. Lennie Small Of Mice Essay! Key words: territories. Boundaries: blurring of boundaries, transgression of boundaries. Domains of power concerning questions of gender identity and deviation from gender norms. Duncan, Nancy. 1996.

Renegotiating Gender and Sexuality in Public and jetblue airways pains study analysis Private Spaces. In: Nancy Duncan, ed. Lennie Small Essay! Bodyspace: Destabilizing Geographies of Gender and Sexuality. London: Routledge. 127-145. Article on spaces of home and family. Compulsory Organ Donation! Key words: homosexuality (male and female); prostitution. MacDowell, Linda. Of Mice And Men! 1996.

Spatializing Feminism. Geographic Perspectives. In: Nancy Duncan, ed. Bodyspace: Destabilizing Geographies of Gender and organ Sexuality. Small! London: Routledge. 28-44. Article on a feminism and space. Of Political! Approach: deconstructivist social geography. Key words: socially conditioned and designed space, processes of placement, boundaries, centres and small of mice and men essay margins, changes of place and transgression of boundaries, space and identity. Reference to gender relations. Natter, Wolfgang John Paul Jones III.

1997. Identity, Space, and Other Uncertainties. In: Georges Benko Ulf Stohmeyer, eds. Space and Social Theory: Interpreting Modernity and Postmodernity . Xenophobia! Oxford. Blackwell. 141-161. Article on the volatile nature of space and identity. Approach. Deconstructivist social geography. Conception of space adapted from the conception of subject.

Constructivity and contingency of discursive concepts as means of social change. Pfeil, Elisabeth. 1972. Großstadtforschung: Entwicklung und gegenwärtiger Stand. Lennie Small Of Mice Essay! Hannover: Jänecke.

Rose, Gillian. 1996. Masculine Dwelling, Masculine Theory and jetblue pains case Feminist Masquerade. In: Nancy Duncan, ed. Bodyspace: Destabilizing Geographies of lennie small Gender and Sexuality. London: Routledge. 56-74. Article on space and gender.

Approach: Deconstructivist social geography. Space as projection: imagined emotions and compulsory organ actual design of space. Of Mice And Men Essay! Concept of masquerade grounds on of china, Luce Irigaray. Spain, Daphne. 1992. Gendered Spaces . Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press. Study on space as a relevant factor for status and gender, proceeding from social geography. Gender-specific segregation (architecture, territorization of public spaces) Provides examples from different ethnic cultures. Authoritative text on spatial symbolism. Key words: archetypical spaces and their meaning in depth psychology: psychological dimension of places like 'house', 'shell' 'box', etc. Universalist allocation of meaning.

Barta, Peter I. 1990. The Treatment of the lennie small Fourth Dimension in essays, the Modernist City Novel. In: Roger Bauer et al., eds. Of Mice And Men! Space and Boundaries/Espace et Frontières: Proceedings of the XIIth Congress of the International Comparative Literature Association/Actes du XIIe Congrès de l'Association Internationale de Littérature Comparée , Vol. 3. München: iudicum.

310-315. Essay on the modernist city novel . Key words: the fourth dimension, i.e. the representation of space as a major constituent of the integrative textual structure. Space and identity. Becker, Claudia. 1990. Zur Interiorisierung der Raumsymbolik in der Literatur der Moderne. In: Roger Bauer et al., eds. Space and Boundaries/Espace et Frontières: Proceedings of the XIIth Congress of the International Comparative Literature Association/Actes du XIIe Congrès de l'Association Internationale de Littérature Comparée , Vol. 3. München: iudicum. 281-287.

Study deals with modernist tendencies of internalization: depiction of different spaces of the interior (factual and psychological ones). Berghahn, Daniela. 1988. Raumdarstellung im englischen Roman der Moderne . Frankfurt/M.: Peter Lang. Authoritative text on literary representations of space in the avant-gardist modernist novel. Compulsory Organ Essays! Key words: Subjectivity, integration of space in stream of consciousness; selectivity of perception and representation, processes of fragmentarization, montage as technique to depict space; associative spaces; spatial symbolism; interdisciplinary analogies (literature and art: impressionism, cubism); provides an analysis of Henry James The Ambassadors , Joseph Conrad Nostromo , Ford Madox Ford The Good Soldier , D.H.

Lawrence Women in Love , James Joyce Ulysses , E.M. Forster A Passage To India , and Virginia Woolf To the Lighthouse . Breuner, Michael. 1991. Hunger for Place: Studien zur Raumdarstellung im London-Roman seit 1940 . Frankfurt/M.: Peter Lang. Study on the London Novel after 1940. Key words: literary appropriation of the city.

Space and subjectivity: subjective perceptions and formations of of mice and men space (philosophical basis: see Ströker, psychological basis: see Minkowski). Archetypical aspects of space. Criticism: terminologically imprecise, appears rather essayistic. Bronfen, Elisabeth. Compulsory Donation Essays! 1986. Der literarische Raum: Eine Untersuchung am Beispiel von Dorothy M. Richardsons Romanzyklus Pilgrimage.

Tübingen: Niemeyer. Study on literary space in the work of Dorothy Richardson. Approach: phenomenological (compare Ströker and Hoffmann) and structuralist (compare Lotman). Key words: subjectivity of spatial perception in streams of consciousness. Metaphorical space (additional symbolism) vs. space which can be physically entered. Space and identity. Spatial textual structures.

Drabble, Margaret. Small Of Mice! 1979. A Writer's Britain: Landscape in Literature. Photographed by Jorge Lewinski. London: Thames Hudson. Ecker, Gisela. 1995. Allegorical Gardens of Desire in Modernity: A Gendered Perspective. In: Susan C. Scott, ed. The Art of condition human Interpreting . University Park, Pa.: Pennsylvania State University. 260-292.

Allocations of meaning to the garden based on depth psychology. Lennie Of Mice! Gender-specific dimensions of the garden: a place of solitude and expansion of consciousness for women - a place of maternal security for men. Epstein-Nor, Deborah. 1991. The Urban Peripatetic: Spectator, Streetwalker, Woman Writer.

Nineteenth Century Literature 46.3: 351-375. Fludernik, Monika. 1999. Carceral Topography: Spatiality, Liminality and socialization Corporeality in the Literary Prison. Textual Practice 13.1: 43-77. Article on of mice essay, space and identity.

Key words: boundaries; identity formation; spatial symbolism. Provides examples of texts. Füger, Wilhelm. 1984. Streifzüge durch Allotopia: Zur Topographie eines fiktionalen Gestaltungsraums. Anglia 102.3,4: 349-391. Article on space in the utopian genre. Hillebrand, Bruno von. 5 Factors Socialization! 1975.

Poetischer, philosophischer, mathematischer Raum. In: Alexander Ritter, ed. Landschaft und Raum in lennie of mice and men essay, der Erzählkunst . Darmstadt: WBG. 417-463. Article on pains analysis, different spaces: geometrical space vs. Small Of Mice And Men! textual space.

Narratological perspective on compulsory organ essays, spatial representation (narratological background of the 1970s). Hoffmann, Gerhard. Lennie Small Of Mice Essay! 1978. Raum, Situation, erzählte Wirklichkeit . Poetologische und historische Studien zum englischen und amerikanischen Roman. Stuttgart: Metzler. Authoritative text on xenophobia essay, narrative representation of space. Approach: phenomenological, structuralist and semantic. Key words: different facets of space, i.e. visional space, space of action, atmospheric space (Ströker). Typology of narrated space based on subjectivity and literary devices: curious space, grotesque space, gothic space etc. Lennie Small Of Mice Essay! Allocation of meaning to space. Archetypal space, forms of representation: panoramic space, tableau, scene.

Hubrath, Margarete, ed. Essays! 2001. Geschlechterräume: Konstruktionen von gender in Geschichte, Literatur und Alltag . Köln: Böhlau. Hunt, John Dixon. 1996. Lennie Small! Paragone in Paradise: Translating the Garden. In: Elinor S. Shaffer, ed. Spaces: Cities, Gardens and case study Wilderness . Cambridge: Cambridge UP. 55-70.

Article on garden symbolism. Depicts the garden as a paradox combining nature with culture, preservation of the fleeting and lennie of mice and men essay the fragile. Jäger, Dietrich. 1998. Erzählte Räume. Studien zur Phänomenologie der epischen Geschehensumwelt . Würzburg: Könighausen Naumann. Study on the phenomenology of narrative environments of action. Textual examples (predominantly German, but also some English) are viewed as variants of mimesis. Criticism: terminology is imprecise and unsystematic, generally not up to the contemporary level of research. Kilian, Eveline.

2002. Exploring London. Walking the City - (Re)Writing the City. In: Hartmut Berghoff, Barbara Korte Ralf Schneider, eds. The Making of airways growing pains Modern Tourism: The Cultural History of the British Experience, 1600 to small of mice, 2000 . London: Palgrave. 267-283.

Klarer, Mario. 1995. Sources Of Literature Review In Research Methodology! Simultaneity and Gender in Modernist Discourses. In: Near Encounters: Festschrift für Richard Martin . Lennie Small Of Mice And Men! Frankfurt/M.: Peter Lang. Interdisciplinary article on the phenomenon of simultaneity and its implications concerning space and jetblue growing pains analysis gender. Simultaneity as spatially represented in the novel as well as in modernist paintings. Androgynity as a form of lennie simultaneity. Klein, Holger.

1990. Socialization! Exploring Place and Space in Drama and in Fiction. In: Roger Bauer et al., eds. Space and Boundaries/Espace et Frontières: Proceedings of the XIIth Congress of the International Comparative Literature Association/Actes du XIIe Congrès de l'Association Internationale de Littérature Comparée , Vol. 3. München: iudicum. 174-181. Genre-theoretical essay on the nature of space in lennie of mice and men essay, drama and fiction.

Different spatial representations in drama and fiction: multi-sensory display of few places on stage vs. linguistic-evocative display of many places in narrative texts. Klotz, Volker. 1969. Die erzählte Stadt: Ein Sujet als Herausforderung des Romans von Lesage bis Döblin. München: Hanser. Kublitz-Kramer, Maria. Organ Essays! 1995. Frauen auf Straßen: Topographien des Begehrens in Erzähltexten von Gegenwartsautorinnen.

München: Fink. Lane, Eric. Of Mice! 1988. A Guide to Literary London. Sawtry, Cambridgeshire: Dedalus. Lutwack, Leonard. Compulsory Organ Donation Essays! 1984. The Role of Place in Literature . Lennie! New York: Syracuse UP.

Study on the role of space in fiction. Contains multiple aspects of analysis. Key words: literary coining of space (topoi). Genre-specific variants. Space imagery (spatial allegories, spatial symbols). Expansion and movement. Time and its spatial component. Characterisation through space. Growing Pains Case Study Analysis! Historical and national particularities of space (placelessness in Modernism, wildering in American literature) Provides detailed textual evidence.

On the whole rather unsystematic, yet very stimulating. Maatje, Frank C. 1975. Versuch einer Poetik des Raumes. Lennie Of Mice! In: Alexander Ritter, ed. Landschaft und Raum in organ donation, der Erzählkunst . Lennie Small Of Mice Essay! Darmstadt: WBG. 392-416. Revised article on donation, space (1st version from 1965) providing a summary of the state of discussion at the time. Refers to lennie and men essay, spatial symbolism and xenophobia essay the phenomenon of perspective. Mahler, Andreas, ed. 1999. Stadt-Bilder: Allegorie, Mimesis, Imagination . Heidelberg: Winter.

Manley, Lawrence. 1995. Literature and Culture in Early Modern London . Small Of Mice And Men Essay! Cambridge: Cambridge UP. Marcus, Steven. 1987. Reading the Illegible. Some Modern Representations of Urban Experience. In: William Sharpe Leonard Wallock, eds.

Visions of the Modern City: Essays in History, Art, and Literature. Baltimore London: Johns Hopkins UP. Essay! 232-256. Mersmann, Arndt. 2000. Novel Topography: A Spatial Reading of Sybil . In: Joachim Frenk, ed.

Spatial Change in English Literature . Trier: Wissenschaftlicher Verlag Trier. 147-171. Article on the representation of space in lennie small of mice and men essay, Sybil. Analysis of the particular influence of railway traffic on the perception of space in connection with the narrative structure of the text. Mitchel, W.J.T. 1989. Space, Ideology, and Literary Representation. Poetics Today 10.1: 91-102.

Article on space in literature. Functional representation of space: instrument of conveying ideology. Criticism: argument not quite clear. Pratt, Annis. 1972. Women and Nature in Modern Fiction. Sources Of Literature Methodology! Comparative Literature 13: 476-490. Article on space and nature in modern fiction. Of Mice And Men! Key words: epiphanies in natural settings (especially in novels of organ donation essays development), gender-specific differences in the perception of nature. Punter, David. 1979.

Blake's Capital Cities. In: P. Weston, ed. London in Literature. London: Roehampton Institute. Of Mice And Men Essay! 46-72. Reichel, Norbert. 1987. Der erzählte Raum: Zur Verflechtung von sozialem und poetischem Raum in der erzählenden Literatur . Darmstadt: WBG.

Study on the intermingling of social and poetic space. Space as bearer of meaning. Condition Essay Human! Narrative representations of space are shown in the context of a history of mentality. Ritter, Alexander, ed. 1975. Landschaft und Raum in der Erzählkunst . Darmstadt: WBG.

Schaff, Barbara. 1999. Gendered Cities: Italienische Städte im Blick britischer Reisender. In: Andreas Mahler, ed. Stadt-Bilder: Allegorie, Mimesis, Imagination. Heidelberg: Winter. 173-196. Article on the gendered nature of cities.

Key words: linguistic and literary conceptualization of cities with male or female connotations, gender-specific perspectives on cities. Application of of mice and men gender stereotypes to cities. Sharpe, William Leonard Wallock. Of China Essays! 1987. From 'Great Town' to 'Nonplace Urban Realm': Reading the and men essay Modern City. In: William Sharpe Leonard Wallock, eds. Visions of the Modern City: Essays in History, Art, and Literature. Baltimore London: Johns Hopkins UP. 1-51.

Sizemore-Wick, Christine. 1989. Organ Essays! A Female Vision of the City: London in the Novels of Five British Women . Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press. Study on lennie and men essay, the city from a female perspective. City can be entered by women in the 20th century. Provides detailed analysis of novels. Smuda, Manfred, ed. 1992. Organ! Die Großstadt als Text . München: Wilhelm Fink. Squier, Susan Merrill, ed.

1984. Women Writers and the City: Essays in Feminist Literary Criticism . Knoxville. University of Tennessee Press. Stanzel, Franz. 1990. Lennie Small And Men Essay! Das Niemandsland in der englischen und deutschen Dichtung. In: Roger Bauer et al., eds.

Space and Boundaries/Espace et Frontières: Proceedings of the XIIth Congress of the 5 factors of political socialization International Comparative Literature Association/Actes du XIIe Congrès de l'Association Internationale de Littérature Comparée , Vol. 3. München: iudicum. 219-27. Article on the connecting and separating aspects of a boundary. Example: no-man's land between the trenches during the First World War in German and English literature. Timms, Edward David Kelley, eds. 1985.

Unreal City: Urban Experience in Modern European Literature and Art. Manchester: Manchester UP. Turner, James. 1979. The Politics of Landscape: Rural Scenery and lennie of mice and men Society in English Poetry 1630-1660 . Oxford: Blackwell. Study on spatial symbolism according to the poetological devices of the 5 factors of political 17th century. Social space and small and men essay literature. Compulsory! Aestheticizing of topography. Small Of Mice And Men! Methods of symbolizing and allegorizing space. Influence of landscape painting on jetblue growing analysis, literature in lennie small of mice essay, the 17th century.

Twyning, John. 1998. London Dispossess: Literature and Social Space in the Early Modern City. Basingstoke: Macmillan. Weigel, Sigrid. 1990. Of China Essays! 'Die Städte sind weiblich und nur als Sieger hold': Zur Funktion des Weiblichen in Gründungsmythen und Städtedarstellungen.

In: Sigrid Weigel, ed. Topographien der Geschlechter. Reinbek bei Hamburg: Rowohlt. 149-189. Würzbach, Natascha. Essay! 2001.

Erzählter Raum: fiktionaler Baustein, kultureller Sinnträger, Ausdruck der Geschlechterordnung. Of China Essays! In: Jörg Helbig, ed. Erzählen und Erzähltheorie im 20. Jahrhundert: Festschrift für Wilhelm Füger . Heidelberg: Winter. 105-129. Article covers the state of research on the phenomenon of small of mice literary space. Approaches: narratology, phenomenology, psychoanalysis, social geography, structuralism, semiotics of culture, deconstruction, cultural history, and gender studies. Introduces categories of conceptions and compulsory organ donation essays typologies of space. Small Of Mice! Points of special consideration: semantization of space, reference to the subject, the body, movement in space and socialization its function as a reader's guide.

Provides literary examples. Würzbach, Natascha. in print. Lennie Small Of Mice And Men Essay! Identitätskonstitution durch Raumerleben in xenophobia essay, der englischen Erzählliteratur des Modernismus. Article on the theory of subjectivity and identity. Lennie Of Mice Essay! The significance of space and body for the pre-linguistic formation of identity.

Codes of spatial representation. Gender-specific spatial experience and concepts of subjectivity in some modernist novels. Article is an example of the notion of text as space. Structure of text and structure of communication: intertextual, historical and psychological (semiotic and symbolic) references. Kahrmann, Cordula Gunter Reiß, Manfred Schluchter.

1977. Erzähltextanalyse: Eine Einführung in Grundlagen und Verfahren . 2 vols. Kronberg: Athenäum. Study on the interpretation of narrative texts. Representations of space are allocated to different textual levels of communication. Schwarze, Hans-Wilhelm. 1982.

Ereignisse, Zeit und Raum, Sprechsituationen in narrativen Texten. In: Hans-Werner Ludwig, ed. Arbeitsbuch Romananalyse: Eine Einführung . Tübingen: Narr. 145-188. [esp. 170-174] Essay collection on text analysis. Essays! Contains a brief part on the narratological description of space on of mice and men essay, the grounds of Hoffmann 1978 (see 2.3).

Ronen, Rose. 1986. Space in Fiction. Poetics Today 7: 421-438. Article on of china essays, the phenomenon of space and its characteristics in narrative texts. Study is linguistically backed up. Categorisation of space in its relation to the perceiving and acting character (immediacy), degree of factuality. Functions of space: public and private, symbolic, means of characterisation. Integration in the spatial overall structure (topographic, semantic).

Stanzel, Franz. 1979. Theorie des Erzählens . Göttingen: Vandenhoeck Ruprecht. [ch. 5.2] Study on narratology. Small And Men! Foci: perspectival relation of objects to each other vs. Economy Of China! non-perspectival naming of objects. In the 20th century: priority of perspectival representations of space: Subjectivity. Study on literary space and narratology.

Approach: structuralist/semiotic text analysis (Lotman). Text as a spatial structure. Semantic functions of space: convey conceptions of the small and men essay world, archetypal notion of verticality and horizontality, distance and closeness, setting and 5 factors of political transgressing boundaries. Segmenting function of small essay literary representations of space. Selectivity of representation of space.

Depiction of time through space. Generally a universalist notion of space. Lotman, Jurij. 1972. Die Struktur literarischer Texte . München: Fink. Theoretical study on the structure of literary texts. Semiotic/structuralist concept of literary space as a model of cultural rooms. Universalist allocations of meaning, depiction of oppositional spaces. Sappok, Christian. 1970. Die Bedeutung des Raumes für die Struktur des Erzählwerks . Aufgezeigt an Beispielen aus der polnischen Erzählliteratur . München: Otto Sagner.

Structuralist/semiotic approach to space and narrative traditions. Collection of essays, proceeding from cultural theory. Social space is defined by rules of behaviour, moral concepts, interests, objectives and class. It is therefore relevant for questions of gender identity. Key words: setting and transgression of boundaries; domains of power; imaginary space in condition essay, literature and utopia. Bell, David Gill Valentine, eds. 1995. Mapping Desire: Geographies and Sexuality . London: Routledge.

Collection of essays, proceeding from lennie small social geography. Key words: connection of space and different facets of 5 factors of political socialization identity formation (personal, professional and sexual). Questions of the body. Urban spaces. Power relations connected with space. Duncan, Nancy, ed. 1996.

Bodyspace: Destabilizing Geographies of Gender and Sexuality. London: Routledge. Essay collection on space, gender and sexuality. Approach: social geography. Key words: territories. Lennie Of Mice And Men! Boundaries: blurring of essays boundaries, transgression of boundaries. Domains of power concerning questions of gender identity and deviation from gender norms. Duncan, Nancy. 1996. Renegotiating Gender and Sexuality in Public and lennie of mice and men Private Spaces. In: Nancy Duncan, ed.

Bodyspace: Destabilizing Geographies of Gender and Sexuality. Compulsory Donation Essays! London: Routledge. 127-145. Article on spaces of home and family. Key words: homosexuality (male and female); prostitution. Friedman, Susan Stanford. 1996. Spacialization, Narrative Theory, and Virginia Woolf's The Voyage Out . In: Kathy Mezei, ed. Ambiguous Discourse. Feminist Narratology and British Women Writers . Chapel Hill: Univ. of North Carolina Press. 109-136.

Article is an example of the notion of lennie and men essay text as space. Structure of text and structure of communication: intertextual, historical and psychological (semiotic and symbolic) references. Fryer, Judith. 1984. Women and Space. The Flowering of 5 factors of political Desire. In: Prospects: An Annual of American Cultural Studies . 187-230. Essay on gendered concepts of space in architecture, housing and narrative fiction from the turn of the century up to the 1930s based on social geography.

Contains writings on architecture and lennie and men feminist reform efforts. Gibson-Graham Julie Kathy. 1997. Postmodern Becomings: From the Space of in research Form to of mice and men, the Space of jetblue growing case study analysis Potentiality. In: Georges Benko Ulf Stohmeyer, eds. Space and of mice Social Theory: Interpreting Modernity and Postmodernity . Oxford. Blackwell. 306-323.

Article on conceptual forms of space from a post-structuralist perspective. Key words: Chora, identity, patriarchy, capitalism. Remaining question from a gender point of view: Is discursive space volatile enough to be changed more easily than space proper? Higonnet, Margaret R. Joan Templeton, eds. 1994. Economy Of China! Reconfigured Spheres: Feminist Explorations of Literary Space . Amherst: University of Mass. Press. Essay collection. Provides different perspectives on the feminist relevance of space: Historical, multi-cultural, metaphorical.

Key words: Symbolic representative functions of space in texts. Marginalisation, transgression of boundaries, role of clothing, ghettoisation of feminist literary criticism. Pratt, Annis. 1972. Women and Nature in Modern Fiction. Of Mice Essay! Comparative Literature 13: 476-490. Article on space and nature in modern fiction. Key words: epiphanies in jetblue airways pains case study, natural settings (especially in novels of development), gender-specific differences in the perception of nature. Rose, Gillian. 1996.

Masculine Dwelling, Masculine Theory and Feminist Masquerade. In: Nancy Duncan, ed. Bodyspace: Destabilizing Geographies of small of mice Gender and Sexuality. London: Routledge. 56-74. Article on space and jetblue airways growing case study gender. Approach: Deconstructivist social geography. Space as projection: imagined emotions and actual design of space. Concept of masquerade grounds on Luce Irigaray. Sizemore-Wick, Christine.

1989. A Female Vision of the City. London in the Novels of Five British Women . Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press. Study on the city from a female perspective. City can be entered by women in the 20th century. Small Of Mice And Men Essay! Provides detailed analysis of novels. Spain, Daphne. 1992. Gendered Spaces . Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press. Study on space as a relevant factor for review, status and gender, proceeding from social geography.

Gender-specific segregation (architecture, territorization of public spaces) Provides examples from different ethnic cultures. Weigel, Sigrid. Lennie Of Mice Essay! 1983. Topographien der Geschlechter: Kulturgeschichtliche Studien zur Literatur . Reinbek: Rowohlt. Study on sources in research methodology, gender topographies and literature. Proceeding from cultural history. Lennie Small And Men! Considers Space: female allegorization of the city. Philosophical study on space. Phenomenological approach. Had a major influence on the treatment of space in literary criticism. Compare Hoffmann 1978 (3.3), and others.

Authoritative text on spatial symbolism. Key words: archetypical spaces and their meaning in depth psychology: psychological dimension of places like 'house', 'shell' 'box', etc. Universalistic allocation of meaning. Ecker, Gisela. 1995. Allegorical Gardens of review in research Desire in Modernity: A Gendered Perspective. In: Susan C. Scott, ed. The Art of Interpreting . University Park, Pa.: Pennsylvania State University. 260-292. Allocations of meaning to the garden based on depth psychology. Gender-specific dimensions of the garden: a place of solitude and expansion of consciousness for women - a place of maternal security for men.

Erikson, Erik. 1970. Small And Men Essay! Womanhood and Inner Space. In: Identity. Youth and Crisis . London: Faber Faber. 261-294. Article on womanhood and inner space. Psychological approach, supported by evidence from compulsory essays ethnic studies.

Investigates the lennie small of mice essay play of children as a confirmation of traditional gender differences. Milgram, Stanley. 1970. Das Erleben der Großstadt: Eine psychologische Analyse. Zeitschrift für Sozialpsychologie 1: 142-152. Article on sources of literature methodology, interior space. Approach: psychoanalytical, feminist. Key words: psychological places of the interior; interpersonal spaces of (human) relationship; psychoanalytical symbolization, space imagery, female subjectivity; Separateness and integrity. Gibson-Graham Julie Kathy.

1997. Postmodern Becomings. From the Space of lennie small of mice and men Form to the Space of Potentiality. In: Georges Benko Ulf Stohmeyer, eds. Space and Social Theory: Interpreting Modernity and Postmodernity . Oxford. Blackwell. 306-323.

Article on conceptual forms of space from a post-structuralist perspective. Jetblue Airways Study Analysis! Key words: Chora, identity, patriarchy, capitalism. Remaining question from a gender point of view: Is discursive space volatile enough to be changed more easily than space proper? Gregory, Derek. And Men! 1997. Lacan and Geography: The Production of Space Revisited. In: Georges Benko Ulf Stohmeyer, eds.

Space and Social Theory: Interpreting Modernity and Postmodernity . Oxford. Blackwell. 203-234. Article on economy, psychoanalytical space. Key words: bodily experience of lennie small and men essay space (pre-lingual/premature), experience of 5 factors socialization space and formation of identity through entering the symbolic order, discursive dependency.

Winzen, Matthias. 2000. Hysterisierte Räume. In: Silvia Eibelmayr et al., eds. Die verletzte Diva: Hysterie, Körper, Technik in der Kunst der 20. Jahrhunderts . Lennie Small Essay! Köln: Oktagon. 154-178. Article on space and hystericalization.

Foci: paradoxical intermingling of movement and stiffness. Loss of orientation and expressivity. Sudden removal of subject-object relations in art and photography. Article on textual space. Textual structures are described with help of spatial metaphors (see also Smitten 1981). Smitten, Jeffrey M. Ann Dagistany, eds. 1981. Xenophobia! Spatial Form in Narrative . Ithaca, New York.

Study theorizes text as space. Describes textual structures with the help of spatial metaphors. Semiotic studies on literary perceptions of urban spaces. Key words: perception of space in general. Basic patterns of the experience of city space (multi-stimulation, processes of selection. ). Culturally variable navigation of perception (closely connected with aspects of value judgements). Jackendoff, Ray Barbara Landau. 1992. Lennie Small Of Mice And Men! Spatial Language and Spatial Cognition. In: Language of the Mind: Essays on Mental Represenation . Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press. 99-124. Article postulates the superiority of the concrete image of an perceived object over its verbal representation.

Based on cognitive linguistics. Tuan, Yi-Fu. 1974. Topophilia: A Study of Environmental Perception, Attitudes, and Values. Jetblue Airways Pains Case Study Analysis! Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall. Wagener-Wender, Monika. 1993. Mentale Repräsentation räumlicher Informationen.

Bonn: Holos. Study on space from a perspective of lennie and men cognitive psychology. Point of interest: cognitive-psychological processes are manifested in the linguistic representation of space. Bourdieu, Pierre. 1966. Champ intellectuel et project créateur. Les Temps Modernes 246: 865-906.

Bourdieu, Pierre. 1974. Zur Soziologie der Symbolischen Formen . Trans. Wolfgang Fietkau. Frankfurt/M.: Suhrkamp. Bourdieu, Pierre. 1982. Die feinen Unterschiede: Kritik der gesellschaftlichen Urteilskraft . Frankfurt/M.: Suhrkamp. Bourdieu, Pierre. 1983.

The Field of Cultural Production, or: The Economic World Reversed. Poetics 12: 311-56. Bourdieu, Pierre. [1984] 1988. Homo Academicus . Cambridge Polity. Bourdieu, Pierre. 1985. The Genesis of the Concepts of condition essay Habitus and of Field . Sociocriticism 2: 11-24. Bourdieu, Pierre. 1996. The Field of Cultural Production: Essays on Art and Literature , ed.

Randal Johnson. Small Of Mice And Men Essay! Cambridge: Polity Press. Bourdieu, Pierre. 1996. Essays! The Rules of Art . Cambridge: Polity. Bourdieu, Pierre. 1998. La Domination Masculine . Paris: Seuil. Bürger, Peter. 1986. Adorno, Bourdieu and the sociology of literature.

Stanford Literary Review : 75-90. Calhoun, Craig, Edward LiPuma Moishe Postone, eds. 1993. Bourdieu: Critical Perspectives . Cambridge: Polity. Dörner, Andreas Ludgera Vogt. 1990. Lennie Of Mice And Men! Kultursoziologie (Bourdieu - Mentalitätengeschichte - Zivilisationstheorie). In: Klaus Michael Bogdal, ed. Neue Literaturtheorien . Opladen: Westdeutscher Verlag. Condition! 131-153.

Dubois, Jaques. 2000. Pierre Bourdieu and Literature. SubStance 93: 84-102. Eder, Klaus, ed. 1989. Klassenlage, Lebensstil und kulturelle Praxis: Beiträge zur Auseinandersetzung mit Pierre Bourdieus Klassentheorie . Lennie! Frankfurt/M.: Suhrkamp. Fischer, Ludwig Klaas Jarchow.

1987. Die soziale Logik der Felder und das Feld der Literatur. Sprache im technischen Zeitalter 25: 164-172. An introductory essay to a whole issue on Bourdieu's sociology of culture in which the authors clarify and defend Bourdieu's key terminology - especially the concepts of field and habitus. Fowler, Bridget. Growing Pains! 1997. Pierre Bourdieu and Cultural Theory: Critical Investigations . London: Sage. A very perceptive and insightful study of Bourdieu's writings on the cultural field with a special emphasis on literature. She even offers a gender-related discussion of lennie essay modernist British literature from economy of china a Bourdieusian perspective (chapter 6) which unfortunately remains somewhat superficial and does not reflect the lennie latest research in this area. This partly has to do with the fact that Fowler is more interested in revaluating 'middlebrow' women's writing than in a discussion of sources review in research neglected modernist women writers. Fowler Bridget, ed.

2000. Reading Bourdieu on Society and Culture . Oxford: Blackwell. Garnham, Nicholas Raymond Williams. 1980. P. Bourdieu and the Sociology of Culture: An Introduction. Media, Culture and Society 2: 209-223. Gebauer, Gunter. 1994. Bourdieus Hermeneutik. lendemains 75/76: 27-40. Gebauer, Gunter Christoph Wulf, eds. 1993.

Praxis und Ästhetik: Neue Perspektiven im Denken Pierre Bourdieus . Frankfurt/M.: Suhrkamp. Harker, Richard et. al., eds. 1990. An Introduction to the Work of Pierre Bourdieu: The Practice of Theory. Basingstoke: Macmillan. Honneth, Axel.

1984. Die zerrissene Welt der symbolischen Formen: Zum kultursoziologischen Werk Pierre Bourdieus. Lennie! Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie 36: 147-164. Jarchow, Klaas Hans-Gerd Winter. 1993. Pierre Bourdieus Kultursoziologie als Herausforderung der Literaturwissenschaft. In: Gunter Gebauer Christoph Wulf, eds. Praxis und Ästhetik: Neue Perspektiven im Denken Pierre Bourdieus . Frankfurt/M.: Suhrkamp. 93-134.

Jenkins, Richard. 1992. Pierre Bourdieu . London New York: Routledge. Jurt, Joseph. Essay Human! 1979. Für eine Rezeptionssoziologie. RZLG 3: 214-231. Jurt, Joseph. 1994.

Für eine Wissenschaft der Genese kultureller Werke: Versuch einer Rekonstruktion des literatursoziologischen Ansatzes von Pierre Bourdieu in lennie of mice essay, Les règles de l'art . Archiv für das Studium der neueren Sprachen und Literaturen 231: 319-347. Jurt, Joseph. 1995. Das literarische Feld: Das Konzept Pierre Bourdieus in Theorie undPraxis . Darmstadt: WBG. Jurt, Joseph. 1997. Bourdieus Analyse des literarischen Feldes oder der Universalitätsanspruch des sozialwissenschaftlichen Ansatzes. Internationales Archiv für Sozialgeschichte der deutschen Literatur 22.2: 152-180. Jurt offers a defense of Bourdieu's concept of the (literary) field against critics who regard it as too economically oriented and as interactionist. Instead he conceives of the model as constructivist, offering a wide range of inderdisciplinary possibilies. Moreover, he points out that it enables both a synchronic and a diachronic analysis of the structure of the production, publication, and reception of literature.

Jurt, Joseph. 2000. Pierre Bourdieus Theorie des Literarischen Feldes. In: Derek Robbins, ed. Pierre Bourdieu , vol. 2. London etc.: Sage. 117-147. Lane, Jeremy F. 2000. Pierre Bourdieu: A Critical Introduction . London: Pluto Press. McClean, Ian. 1993.

Bourdieu's field of cultural production. Sources In Research Methodology! French Cultural Studies 4.3: 241-251. Moi, Toril. 1991. Lennie Of Mice And Men! Appropriating Bourdieu: Feminist Theory and Pierre Bourdieu's Sociology of Culture. New Literary History 22: 1017-1049. Moi, Toril. 1997. The Challenge of the Particular Case: Bourdieu's Sociology of Culture and Literary Criticism.

Modern Language Quarterly 58.4: 497-508. Paulson, William. Organ Essays! 1997. The Market of Printed Goods: On Bourdieu's Rules. Modern Language Quarterly 58.4: 399-415. Pinto, Louis. 1996.

The Theory of Fields and the Sociology of Literature: Reflections on lennie of mice essay, the Work of Pierre Bourdieu. Compulsory Organ Donation! International Journal of Contemporary Sociology 33.2: 171-86. Pinto, Louis Franz Schultheis, eds. 1997. Streifzüge durch das literarische Feld: Texte von Pierre Bourdieu, Christophe Charle, Mouloud Mammeri, Jean-Michel Péru, Michael Pollak, Anne-Marie Thiesse . Konstanz: Universitätsverlag Konstanz. van Rees, Cees J. 1983a. Advances in the Empirical Sociology of Literature and the Arts: The Institutional Approach.

Poetics 12: 285-310. van Rees, Cees J. 1983b. How a Literary Work Becomes a Masterpiece: On the Threefold Selection Practised by Literary Criticism. Poetics 12: 397-417. van Rees, Cees J. 1987. Of Mice Essay! How reviewers reach consensus on the value of literary works.

Poetics 16: 275-94. van Rees, Cees J. 1989. The Institutional Foundation of a Critic's Connoisseurship. Poetics 18: 179-98. Robbins, Derek. 1991. The Work of compulsory organ donation Pierre Bourdieu: Recognizing Society . Milton Keynes: Open University.

A short and at times rather simplistic survey of Bourdieu's work in chronological order designed as an introduction for students. Robbins covers Bourdieu's major publications from Sociology d'Algerie to small and men essay, La Noblesse d'Etat , but only marginally touches on jetblue airways growing pains analysis, his literary sociological works. Robbins, Derek. 2000. Small Of Mice And Men Essay! Bourdieu and Culture. London etc: Sage. de Saint Martin, Monique. 1990. Les 'femmes écrivains et le champ littéraire. Actes de la recherche en sciences sociales 83: 52-56. Schwingel, Markus.

1993. Analytik der Kämpfe: Macht und Herrschaft in der Soziologie Bourdieus . Hamburg: Argument Verlag. Schwingel, Markus. Sources Of Literature Review Methodology! 1997. Kunst, Kultur und Kampf um Anerkennung: Die Literatur- und Kunstsoziologie Pierre Bourdieus in ihrem Verhältnis zur Erkenntnis- und Kultursoziologie. Internationales Archiv für Sozialgeschichte der Deutschen Literatur 22.2: 109-151. A useful overview of the central aspects of Bourdieu's sociology of culture. Schwingel shows in and men, how far the concepts of the field and habitus are the essential building blocks of an extensive model not only of the sociology of culture but, ultimately, of organ donation a genereal sociology.

Shiagh, Morag. 1993. 'Cultural studies' and the work of Pierre Bourdieu. French Cultural Studies 4.3: 213-223. Verdaasdonk, Hugo. Lennie Essay! 1989. Jetblue Growing Case! Literary Magazines as Media for Publishing Literary Texts. Poetics 18: 215-32. Assmann, Aleida Jan Assmann.

1987. Kanon und Zensur als kultursoziologische Kategorien. In: Aleida Assmann Jan Assmann, eds. Essay! Kanon und Zensur: Beiträge zur Archäologie der literarischen Kommunikation II . Economy Essays! München: Fink. 7-27. Bradbury, Malcolm. 1971. The Social Context of Modern English Literature . Oxford: Blackwell.

Bürger, Peter. 1974. Theorie der Avantgarde . Frankfurt/M.: Suhrkamp. [ Theory of the lennie and men Avant-Garde . Trans. Michael Shaw. Manchester: Manchester UP, 1984] Bürger, Peter. 1985/1986. The Institution of of political socialization 'Art' as a Category in the Sociology of Literature.

Cultural Critique 2: 5-33. Bürger, Peter, ed. 1978. Seminar: Kunst- und Literatursoziologie . Lennie Small Essay! Franfurt/M.: Suhrkamp. Cultural Studies 4. 1973. (Special issue on condition essay human, Literature/society: mapping the field)

Desan, Phillippe, Priscilla Parkhurst Ferguson Wendy Griswold, eds. Lennie Small And Men! 1989. Literature and Social Practice . Chicago: University of compulsory organ Chicago Press. Fügen, Hans Norbert. 1966. Die Hauptrichtungen der Literatursoziologie . Bonn: Bouvier. Gaiser, Gottlieb.

1983. Essay! Zur Empirisierung des Kanonbegriffs. SPIEL 2: 123-35. Gaiser, Gottlieb. 1993. Essay! Literaturgeschichte und literarische Institutionen: Zu einer Pragmatik der Literatur . Meitingen: Verlag Literatur + Wissenschaft. Gedin, Per. 1977.

Literature in the Marketplace . London: Faber. Griswold, Wendy. 1987. The Fabrication of Meaning: Literary Interpretation in the United States, Great Britain, and the West Indies. American Journal of Sociology 92: 1077-1117. von Hallberg, Robert, ed.

1984. Canons . Chicago: Chicago UP. Lepenies, Wolf. 1985. Die drei Kulturen: Soziologie zwischen Literatur und Wissenschaft . Lennie Of Mice! München: Hanser. Poggioli, Renato. 1968. The Theory of the Avant-Garde . 5 Factors Socialization! Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard UP. Rogers, Mary F. 1991. Lennie Small Of Mice! Novels, Novelists, and Readers: Toward a Phenomenological Sociology of condition Literature . Albany: State University of New York Press. Sanders, Hans.

1981. Institution Literatur und Roman: Zur Rekonstruktion der Literatursoziologie . Franfurt/M.: Suhrkamp. Scharfschwerdt, Jürgen. 1977. Grundprobleme der Literatursoziologie: Ein wissenschaftsgeschichtlicher Überblick . Stuttgart etc.: Kohlhammer.

Schenck, Celeste M. 1989. Exiled by Genre: Modernism, Canonicity, and the Politics of Exclusion. In: Mary Lynn Broe Angela Ingram, eds. Women's Writing in Exile . Lennie Small Of Mice And Men Essay! Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. 226-250. Viala, Alain. 1988. Prismatic Effects.

Critical Inquiry 14: 563-573. Voßkamp, Wilhelm. Organ! 1977. Gattungen als literarisch-soziale Institutionen: Zu Problemen sozial- und funktionsgeschichtlich orientierter Gattungstheorie und -historie. In: Walter Hinck, ed. Textsortenlehre - Gattungsgeschichte . Heidelberg: Winter. 27-44. Wasserstrom, William. 1962. T.S.

Eliot and The Dial . Sewanee Review 70.1: 81-92. Wolff, Janet. [1981] 1993. And Men! The Social Production of Art . Economy! London: Macmillan.

Write my Paper for Cheap in High Quality -
Lennie Small from Of Mice and Men: English Literature

23 Things You Should Include To Make A Killer Resume. Devi Clark runs the Outsiders#x27; Network, a safe space for people who feel different from social norms. Full Bio. Put yourself in a recruiter’s shoes. If you were faced with a stack of resumes what would you want?

The ability to small of mice essay download all the info into your brain, the way that Neo from Th e Matrix gets plugged in and learns Kung Fu in about ten seconds? Unfortunately it doesn’t really work like that. Methodology? In fact, research shows that recruiters take only six seconds to make their initial judgement on a resume. If your resume is screened by a computer first, it may not even get that far. So, your job, when creating a killer resume, is to make it really easy for the recruiter to spot the most important benefits you offer the employer. Do the work, so they don’t have to. Here’s how: 1. Make sure your resume is lennie small essay tailored to the job you are applying for. Human? Generic resumes may be quick to submit, but far less effective.

Better one excellent job application than three shoddy ones. Lennie Of Mice? Researching the cultural norms of the organization is worthwhile. Jetblue Growing Analysis? For example, within one industry some will value experience but not care much about education, while others care about your qualifications. 2. Small And Men Essay? Only apply if you meet the job criteria. Don’t waste your time or the recruiter’s applying for jobs if you don’t meet their criteria. If you still want that job, go and 5 factors socialization, expand your skill set before trying again in of mice future. Even if you get through the first screening, lying about or exaggerating your accomplishments is likely to come back to xenophobia essay bite you. Recovering from the loss of trust is small hard. After writing the resume, check it for compulsory organ essays keywords from the job description. Keywords are gifts to of mice you from the employer.

Add them into the existing text so they flow naturally. This will help your resume get past screening software, and recruiters who are accustomed to searching quickly for these keywords. 5. Sources Review? Structure your resume carefully. It is easiest for the recruiter if your key skills and background are summarised at the top. Make sure your current and most recent previous role are on the first page. Your education and qualifications are generally less important than your professional experience, so put these later. 6. Show how your most recent two jobs are relevant. Recruiters will spend 80% of their time on your name, the lennie small and men essay company, job title, start and end dates for your current and compulsory organ donation essays, previous companies, and finally your education. If you are changing direction in your career, you will need to work even harder to small of mice essay draw out the skills and networks you are bringing from these last two jobs. Remember the condition essay recruiter will scan your resume in seconds.

Including your school paper round or even lengthy details of your first job out of college is not something a recruiter will thank you for (unless, of course, you are applying for your second job out of lennie and men essay college). Show the recruiter that your career makes sense. Tell a story which shows promotions and additional responsibilities as you delivered value to your employer. CAR stands for Context, Action, Results. Use them as a mental checklist. Keep the context short: just long enough for the recruiter to know what your job was. Spend longest what you actually achieved as a result of the actions that you took. Qualify your results wherever possible. Beating your targets, raising finance, cutting costs, making great sales all provide convincing and easily digested data which demonstrate your achievements. Socialization? Social proof such as promotions and customer feedback are also worthwhile.

Include personal projects, sports or voluntary work that you participate in, but be aware if they are activities which might stereotype you or turn an of mice and men, employer off. 12. Include links to other sites and social media. Keep your resume short while demonstrating your talents by providing links to articles, photos, or websites you’ve designed, or a portfolio. Also, provide the url for your LinkedIn profile and Twitter feed it those reflect your professional abilities. Jetblue Airways Case Study Analysis? Clearly, you want to avoid a Facebook page with photos of lennie small and men your drunken exploits. Better still, don’t post these on social media in the first place. 13. 5 Factors Of Political Socialization? Give a good reason for leaving an employer. Recruiters will especially be looking at lennie small and men, the reasons you want to leave your current employer and how long you were with them.

If you’ve had a series of 5 factors socialization short-lived positions you’ll need a convincing explanation of why a recruiter should take a risk on you. Lennie Of Mice Essay? 14. Explain gaps in your employment history. Leaving a gap on your resume leaves the recruiter wondering. If you’ve taken time out for parenting or starting your own business, tell them. If you’ve been traveling, show how it has enriched you as a candidate.

15. Exclude irrelevant information. In Research? Don’t reveal your age, race, gender, marital status, or whether you have kids. Research shows that even the most self-aware recruiters have unconscious biases. Make it easy for a recruiter to lennie small essay be confident that you are eligible to of literature review work without having to lennie and men apply for work permits.

17. Make it easy for the recruiter to contact you. Jetblue Pains Case Study? Include contact details with your email and one phone number (don’t make the recruiter have to lennie small and men essay guess which number to socialization use). Don’t bother with your home address. Make sure your formatting goes hand in hand with the resume structure to ensure recruiters can spot the key information easily. Create clear sections with easy-to-read, consistent headlines. Use an attractive font, which is also easy to read. Lennie And Men Essay? Don’t use Word templates. Jetblue Airways Growing Study? If your design skills are truly terrible get someone else to do the lennie small of mice and men formatting for you. In this case, boring is condition good. Lennie Of Mice? Unless you are specifically applying for a graphic design or creative role and want to demonstrate your talent, avoid unusual formats.

Remember, the recruiter doesn’t want to be distracted as they scan the page. Cut anything that seems clever but reduces clarity, including pictures. If you do use something different, make sure it is effective and suits the employer’s own style before you submit it. Sources Of Literature Methodology? 20. Submit your resume in small and men essay pdf format. Jetblue Airways Case Study Analysis? Unless you are asked otherwise, send your resume as a pdf. This will ensure your formatting remains consistent on any device. Obvious, perhaps, but surprisingly often spelling and lennie small, grammar mistakes are what leads to a resume being put in the reject pile.

Use the past tense and third person, not first person consistently throughout your resume. Xenophobia? Don’t rely on your computer’s spelling and grammar checkers. They are often wrong. Edit it yourself and then get another person to read your resume with fresh eyes. 22.

Check before you include a cover letter. Of Mice And Men Essay? Most cover letters are a waste of time. Either don’t bother, or, if the recruiter specifically requests one, make sure it says something meaningful. Cover letters can be used as headlines, picking out the most relevant parts of a resume. They can deal with issues the recruiter may be concerned about, such as a change of essay career direction. They can remind a recruiter about an lennie small of mice and men, occasion that gave them cause to trust or care about you. 5 Factors Of Political? Unless you are applying to a tiny company, or you know the CEO personally, it is not the CEO who will be doing the initial screening. Lennie? Don’t waste their time.

But unlike money, you can#x27;t make more. You can, however, maximize each and every second you spend. Lifehack#x27;s mission is to help you make enormous gains with the limited time you have. With the insights we provide, your seconds can be worth hours, and days can be worth years in value.

Write My Paper For Me -
Lennie Small - CliffsNotes

Example For Outline Essay Disadvantages Tv Essays and essay, Research Papers. ? Essay Outline Title: Globalisation a force for human good? Introduction “Globalisation as an economic process is lennie essay often . Characterised as increasing economic integration Achieved through the increasingly free flow of Capital, goods and services and people across National boundaries” (John Humphrey 2004) With regards to the above definition of globalization, the general implication is that globalization solely benefits private sectors entities, where as it can be seen detrimental to vulnerable. Culture , Economics , Globalization 991 Words | 5 Pages. Sample SAT Essays —Up Close Below is our sample essay question, which is designed to be as close as possible to an . essay question that might appear on the SAT. You’ll recognize that it’s based on the great philosopher Moses Pelingus’s assertion, “There’s no success like failure,” which we have referred to throughout this chapter.

This particular essay topic presents you with a very broad idea and then asks you to explain your view and back it up with concrete examples . Not every SAT essay topic will. Dot-com bubble , Essay , Essays 2405 Words | 7 Pages. Advantages and case analysis, Disadvantages of Tv Commercials. Survey Summary conducted by the Bureau of Labor and Statistics stated that Americans, 15 and over, spend an average of of mice essay, 2.8 hours per day watching television. . Businesses that use TV as an advertising medium to economy of china essays, promote their product or service receive valuable air time that reaches countless viewers. However, many disadvantages exist as well. Larger Audience Pool * You can reach a larger amount of people in a shorter amount of time through television advertising than you. 60 Minutes , Coca-Cola , Infomercial 600 Words | 3 Pages. ?Dystopian Essay ( Essay of Definition) Ultimate Goal: 1. Define, in lennie of mice and men, your eyes, what makes a dystopian society 2. Use our 3 . novels, “Harrison Bergeron”, and at least 2 scholarly articles to influence your concept of dystopia According to the New World Encyclopedia, “dystopia” is economy of china essays defined as follows: A dystopia (from the Greek ???- and lennie essay, ?????, alternatively, cacotopia, kakotopia, cackotopia, or anti-utopia) is the compulsory donation essays, vision of a society that is the opposite of utopia. A dystopian society is one. Dystopia , Fahrenheit 451 , George Orwell 810 Words | 4 Pages. Sample Essay Read this example sample essay . Of Mice! Then answer the questions below.

The qualities of a hero . include selflessness, having the inspiration to be a founder and being courageous. With these qualities in of literature methodology, mind, it is easy to see why many Emiratis see Sheikh Zayed as a hero. He embodied the three qualities mentioned above and these heroic qualities were seen in his life and work. He was born in Al Ain and small of mice and men, had a simple education which included learning the essay human, Koran and lennie small of mice and men, mathematics. His. Abu Dhabi , Al Ain , Hero 1313 Words | 4 Pages. Advantage and Disadvantage of Watching Tv.

distance of the world you can watch what is happening several thousand miles away from you. So in xenophobia, totality it is information from lennie of mice all over the world, and essay, it . is fun and enjoyment with convenience. However along with some positive sides it has its disadvantages as well like watching too much of television also affects your eye and nerves. Television creates such a spell on children and in some cases it also effects the elders that they actually lose their own opinion they feel whatever is being shown. Entertainment , Film , Person 1169 Words | 4 Pages.

they will discover that they are learning things that they never knew before about Upstate New York. The intention is that they will be inspired to go out . and explore all of the wonderful attractions found in their own back yard. Of Mice And Men Essay! Rationale: ( Outline how the show would be applying its function of mass media through these variables: surveillance, interpretation, linkage, transmission of values / socialization, entertainment) The Race is first-and-foremost, a travelogue that will take viewers. Cornell University , Finger Lakes , Ithaca, New York 663 Words | 3 Pages. ? Essay Outline Guide Working Title: Colonialism affected Kenya Paragraph # 1 Introduction Grabber: Europe saw the . continent of Africa as “Tabula Rasa,” land for the taking. Xenophobia! Background: For almost 400 years the countries of Europe controlled as much of the earth as they could.

By 1914 they controlled 85% of the lennie small and men, earth surface. At the Berlin conference the essay, Europeans drew up the map of African without giving any Africans a voice. Stating the question with key terms defined: Colonialism. Africa , Colonialism , Continent 486 Words | 3 Pages. Critical Skills in Essay Writing. It was published by in lennie and men essay, 2007 by Pearson in Toronto. A textbook from condition essay another course in lennie small of mice and men, your program. Pains Study! An . essay entitled “The Pleasures of the and men, Text” by sources of literature review in research methodology, Charles McGrath in an anthology entitled “Canadian Content”. The editors are Sarah Norton and Nell Waldman and it was published Thomson Nelson in 2007 in Toronto.

Any article from a periodical that you or someone in your family reads. Small Essay! Any one online educational webpage dealing with college essay writing. Consult. APA style , Bibliography , Citation 622 Words | 3 Pages. Professor Mansito ENC 1101 12:00-1:50 21 October 2013 Essay 1 Sexuality: The 1950’s to Today Sexuality, like many other things in our . world, is an ever changing thing. The ideas and connotations surrounding it change from generation to generation.

Because of this, the idea of sex in the 1950’s is completely different from the idea of essay, sex today. Today, sexuality can be expressed in almost anything we do. Commercials, billboards, TV shows, movies, magazine articles, and many other things are. 20th century , 21st century , Global warming 1105 Words | 4 Pages. example of informative speech outline. ? EXAMPLE OF INFORMATIVE SPEECH OUTLINE Informative Outline Topic: Impact of Media in lennie, the Society and . Individual General Purpose: To Inform Specific Purpose: To inform my audience the negative impact of social media in the society and to the individual. Thesis: Social media websites are some of the most popular haunts on the Internet. They have revolutionized the way people communicate and socialize on the Web. I. Introduction A. Attention Getter: Today, just about. Internet , Marshall McLuhan , Mass media 901 Words | 3 Pages. 102: Argumentative Essay ( Essay #1) May 14th 2012 outline I. Introduction: 1. Background: Nowadays, . Television is an condition essay, unavoidable part of modern culture.

It plays an important role in of mice and men, our life. We always depend on television for news, entertainment, education, weather, sports, and even music, since the advent of Music Television. 2. Of Literature Review Methodology! Thesis statement: Television has both advantages and lennie, disadvantages , and I think the advantages far outweigh the disadvantage . II. Essays! Body: . Cancellation , Closing credits , Film 1211 Words | 4 Pages. age of expansion following on an age of discovery, its expansion led to still further discovery about architectural design and decoration. Section A: . Lennie Of Mice! Interiors S.Maria Della Salute (1631-1682) The interior of essay, S.Maria Della Salute is lennie and men a very good example of Baroque Architecture and design. It displays the compulsory, Baroque essence in a way but is not completely over ornamented nor does it contain any unsuitable details. Lennie Small Of Mice And Men Essay! Marble is mainly used in organ donation, the columns and the base appears to be gilded in bronze.

Sculptures. Baroque , Baroque music , Dome 1264 Words | 4 Pages. Outline on lennie small of mice and men, the Effects of Reality Tv. Outline : Research Paper: Reality TV and its influence on organ, the younger generation I. Lennie Small! Introduction A. Essay Human! Media has a . Lennie Of Mice And Men Essay! huge impact on how people truly see themselves, particularly in women and 5 factors of political socialization, young female teens. Reality television has made the standards of and men essay, beauty quite high these days and there is a definite change in society’s view on what is 5 factors of political truly beautiful. Turning off the TV has simply become too hard when it comes to lennie essay, reality TV shows 1. Turning into their favorite movie star is becoming. America's Next Top Model , Plastic surgery , Reality television 2053 Words | 6 Pages. Examples from Reflection Essays Disciplinary Awareness “The research I did this summer focused on sorption of cesium and . strontium by human, soils. These two chemicals are commonly found in chemical contaminants… My research also focused on the distribution coefficient which is lennie small a measurement of how much of a solvent is [absorbed] by a geologic medium.” “I found that many of the airways case study, readings I came across regarding abortion seemed to convey a strong belief in human rights, which was demonstrated by the dichotomy. Abortion , Clean Water Act , Human rights 1543 Words | 5 Pages. enjoyment worth the negativity that it brings the of mice and men essay, other people who do not enjoy it or have interest in jetblue airways pains case analysis, it?

In this essay , there will be . depictions of the small and men, negativity and positivity in reality television and what it can bring to the table, as well as the authenticity that reality TV possesses and lacks. Tentative Outline I. Compulsory! The reality in reality television A. Validity of essay, reality TV programs are usually composed and manipulated solely for sources of literature methodology entertainment. B. The actors behind reality ‘stars’ put. American Idol , Extreme Makeover: Home Edition , Reality television 1477 Words | 4 Pages. Example Essay “He that is good for making excuses is seldom good for anything else.” -- Ben Franklin.

As early as the . Lennie Of Mice! founding of the United States of America, Mr. Franklin observed society using the excuse, I don't have enough time… and it negative effects on their lives. Today, it is frequently used as an jetblue airways pains study analysis, excuse to and men essay, justify the lack of time management skills. The effects on kids, work, or even in family life are sometimes devastating. Essay! In a day there are 24 hours, and time is available.

Benjamin Franklin , Family , Franklin Planner 950 Words | 3 Pages. Research Paper Outline Examples * Main Page * Research * Foundations * Academic * Write Paper * For Kids . by Explorable.com (Nov 5, 2011) Research Paper Outline Examples This is an article with a few research paper outline examples . Creating an outline is the first thing you should do before you start working on your research paper. Write a Paper * 1Writing a Paper * 2Outline * 2.1Write an Outline * 2.2Outline Examples * 3Research Question . Academic publishing , Argument , Breastfeeding 980 Words | 7 Pages. Public Speaking (SPCH1101) Speech Formal Outline Example To complete the formal outline for your Informative . Speech, use this as one example of a formal outline to help you in your efforts. You are also encouraged to use the formal outline examples in your textbook. Please note that the labels in lennie small of mice essay, bold and yellow do not need to be included in your formal outline . Donation! Formal Outline : Teen Suicide Peter Klemin Introduction I. Attention Catcher: Julie was sitting on the swing in her back yard crying.

Bipolar disorder , Death , Major depressive disorder 1120 Words | 4 Pages. idea of ghosts is far too exaggerated to be real. According to psychologydictionary.org the paranormal is lennie and men essay “designating any phenomenon comprising the . transfer of data or energy which can't be described by present scientific insights” (“What”). For example , a couple of years ago I was in my house alone. I was walking towards the front door and a pair of scissors fell from the essays, countertop and on to the floor. It scared me to death and small of mice and men, it was like the scissors had been thrown. I do not know if it was. Cryptid , Ghost , Loch Ness Monster 1320 Words | 5 Pages.

How to Write an Outline Whether you're preparing your State of the Union speech, penning the Great American Novel, or composing an . essay for economy essays English 101, an outline can help you organize your thoughts and plan your writing. Outlines may be unnecessary for very short essays but can be absolutely critical to keep larger works coherent and of mice essay, well ordered, so everybody should learn how to compulsory donation essays, create an outline . Of Mice And Men Essay! Fortunately, it's an easy, logical process, and once you make one, you'll never need to learn again. 0 , Category theory , Decimal 1355 Words | 5 Pages. mess you up for life. Therefore these experiences will become a necessary example to teach you how to deal with the unfairness . in life. When I first started middle school I felt so out of compulsory donation essays, place, I mean I had to deal some very flaky people and I was very stressed out a lot. The reason why I was so stressed out of mice essay, was because of the changes that I had to endure around and to me. For example I had to xenophobia essay, deal with the disturbing fact that I was growing hair in various places on lennie essay, my. College , English-language films , High school 1128 Words | 3 Pages. other areas) show specific anatomical and condition essay, functional features in professional and lennie small, semi-professional musicians.” One of the most visible . benefits of playing a musical instrument is the improvement of memory capacity and ability. For example , the constant use of both the left and right hemispheres of the review in research methodology, brain simultaneously in small of mice and men essay, someone who plays the piano exercises memory.

Thanks to this, it is also believed that people who play musical instruments are less prone to of literature review methodology, have neurodegenerative. Brain , Intelligence , Intelligence quotient 946 Words | 3 Pages. of the week when Pete receives big shipments of of mice and men essay, inventory for the store. When that occurs the 5 factors socialization, retail part of the Garden Center can be really busy for small of mice a few . days after stocking the new inventory. Inventory can range from a variety of things, for of literature methodology example ; garden rocks in assorted rock pallets, mulch bags sorted out by small of mice and men essay, type, hay bales stacked, and even bird baths. So as one of the three managers, Pete has to make sure things go well and items are placed correctly and neatly throughout the store, in. Annual plant , Evergreen , Garden 1115 Words | 3 Pages. Essay Writing By: Agha Zohaib Khan Introduction to economy, Essay Writing ? What is Essay ? The Word . Essay means to Attempt. Small Of Mice Essay! ? Definition Essay is an attempt to organ, compose the relevant ideas in of mice, correct, concise, comprehensive and concrete way. ? ? Essay is just a literary composition of of political socialization, any given Topic Essay cannot be attractive unless you do not give lightness, grace and ease. 2 Agha Zohaib Khan . Lennie Small Essay! www.css.theazkp.com Selecting The Topic for 5 factors Essay ? There will be two types of.

2005 albums , Essay , Foreign policy 974 Words | 7 Pages. ?I. Essay Topic: Criminal Justice should focus more on rehabilitation II. Thesis statement: To focusing more on the rehabilitation . in criminal Justice than retribution could minimize the crime. III.

Body 1. 1st point: Topic sentence- Rehabilitation in a criminal justice takes into consideration in order to reduce a crime. I Shover has suggest” Rehabilitation or recovery) is a construct that negotiated through interaction. Crime , Criminal justice , Criminal law 308 Words | 3 Pages. Essay Outline Format Example |Introduction: Begin with at least 2 general sentences. Lennie And Men Essay! They should “hook” the compulsory donation, . Lennie Of Mice! reader and become more specific, leading to your | |thesis.

The final sentence of your paragraph is your thesis statement. Of China! | |Introduction: | |The Simpsons is the longest running animated show in television. Bart Simpson , Clancy Wiggum , Comedy 312 Words | 2 Pages. establish before hand the scope and limitations of your paper and this will be the foundation of your research paper outline . Small Of Mice! Basically, your . outline will constitute three main parts namely the Introduction, the Body and the Conclusion. But to sources review methodology, make sure your paper is complete, consult your instructor for specific parts he/she wants to be included in your research paper. Sample outlines for research papers will be given later on. But first, let us discuss the main parts of your paper and what information. Argument , Breast milk , Breastfeeding 570 Words | 3 Pages. Example for Outlining a Research/Term Paper Before you start writing get your ideas down in a logical sequence that you can then use to . expand while actually writing the paper. This is only meant to be an example and a guide; pay attention to essay, your teacher’s instructions for the assignment and format instructions for their class.

Know what style format your instructor wants you to use - APA or MLA. Thesis statement: Example : The cost of medical care in the United States is causing the poor. APA style , Bibliography , Citation 909 Words | 4 Pages. of essay preparation What differentiated higher quality example essays from condition essay human lower quality example . essays ? There were several different aspects that differentiated higher quality example essay from lower quality example essays . Firstly, the higher quality example essays , such as the lennie small and men, Distinction and High Distinction essays provided great structure and an argument with a very good presentation. The introduction in the Distinction essay introduced relevant literature and addressed the essay topic.

Citation , Essay , Essays 761 Words | 3 Pages. Write an essay on television The role of essay, television in modern life Outline : 1. Introduction 2. Disadvantages i. . Vulgar pleasure ii. And Men Essay! No more family life iii. No more outdoor activities iv. No more fairy tales v. makes us lazy and careless vi.

Children neglect their studies vii. Causes eye and abdominal diseases viii. Dish antenna has multiplied its negative effects 3. Advantages i. gives news and 5 factors socialization, views about small of mice current matters ii. Bring people close to one another iii. Essay Human! Provides. Radio , Satellite television , Television 1086 Words | 4 Pages. Life of Pi and Cast Away Comparative Essay Outline Paragraph 1 (Introduction) General sentence to small and men essay, introduce the . Economy Essays! essay : When people are faced with isolation, they must have the will to survive spiritually, physically, and emotionally.

Piscine Malitor Patel and Chuck Nolan, the lennie small of mice and men, protagonists, demonstrate these attributes very well. Points to condition human, be covered in small of mice and men essay, the essay (what are the 3 similarities?) 1. Socialization! Pi survives physically with the help of Richard Parker while Chuck Nolan survives with a volleyball. Life of Pi , The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym of Nantucket , Yann Martel 1370 Words | 4 Pages. PREPARATION OUTLINE | Title | : | Shark | Order | : | Topical order | General Purpose | : | To inform | Specific Purpose | : | To inform . our audience about why sharks attack human, type of sharks that usually attack human and small essay, precautious steps on condition human, how to avoid from being attacked by a shark. | Central Idea | : | Even though the likelihood of you being attack by a shark is small of mice essay low, it is still common and that is why it is important to socialization, know why sharks attack human, the type of sharks that attack human. Bull shark , Great white shark , Lamnidae 1289 Words | 3 Pages. Essay Outline : *Your essay will be organized according to small of mice, your preference. 5 Factors Of Political! Consider organizing it chronologically, . in order of lennie small of mice and men essay, importance, or in any order that makes sense to you. Sample: 1. What is economy of china your topic? ____________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ ____________________ 2. What is the purpose of your interview? _______________________________________________. According to Jim , Interview , Question 80 Words | 3 Pages. Anthro Essay Outline Essay Outline Research Question: What is the clash of . civilzation? Analyze and explain The clash of civilization is anaylezed from lennie and men a many political persepctives.

From the artcles drawn together, it is jetblue airways pains study fair to conclude that there is lennie essay a mutual understanding of the clash of civilzation and its context. Ultimately, the clash of civilizations is a result relgious and cultureal differences, regardless of politcal status between American and Islam. Inevitbaly, Islam and human, America. Iran , Islam , Islamic republic 920 Words | 3 Pages. Take a Stand Essay Guideline Assignment Background: Throughout this course, you will write a 500-750-word, five-paragraph essay . in which you “Take a Stand” on an issue; such as Childhood Obesity, Underage Drinking, or Cyber Bullying to name a few suggestions. Doing so will allow you to demonstrate your ability to effectively communicate through writing.

You will develop your essay by completing the lennie small essay, following, which will be due in the following topics: Topic 2: Research and Outline Topic 4: Rough. Academia , Brainstorming , Essay 1432 Words | 4 Pages. ?Argument Essay Outline I. Introduction a. Hook: Women make up one half of economy, society. Our society will remain backward and in . chains unless its women are liberated, enlightened, and educated b. Background Information: women play important role in the family, men in Saudi Arabia consider women as a second sort. Small Essay! c. Opposing Position: Men in Saudi Arabia believe women should enjoy their lives and follow religious customs d. Thesis Statement: women in xenophobia essay, Saudi Arabia are deprived many rights, such. Amnesty International , Arabian Peninsula , Human rights 896 Words | 3 Pages.

The Abstract or Outline for the Research Paper Organizing Your Paper and Writing the lennie, Abstract or Outline If you have chosen . to do an MLA paper you will do an outline for your paper. This will be the second page of the paper. If you are doing an essay, APA paper, you will do an abstract of your final paper. Lennie Small Of Mice And Men! This will page two. Consult Little Brown Brief, pp. 510-517or examples of what a properly formatted paper looks like. IF YOU DO NOT HAVE THIS TEXT, A GOOD SAMPLE CAN BE FOUND AT: www. Idaho , Research , Spokane, Washington 946 Words | 4 Pages. ?Vanessa Ramos 0217865 LIB 110.AC Mikal Gaines 15 October 2013 Reality T.V. Is A Dream Is your dream to be on reality TV ? As we flip through . the channels there is airways pains case study always a reality TV show on.

Reality shows have taken over the new generation of television. From being a star chef, to showing off your fashion skills, to even finding love, reality television will influence you in a way that you picture yourself on the show. Not only catering to teenagers watching their favorite celebrities live their. America's Next Top Model , American Idol , Reality television 1381 Words | 5 Pages. Advantages and Disadvantages of Watching Tv and Advertisements. Currently in society, television and advertisements a very important route to send the latest information or message to every household all over the world. . According to the 2002 Van Dusseldorp Partners, ?°There is small of mice and men 19% increase in amount of people watching TV .?±(Europemedia). Sources Methodology! People receive knowledge much easier at and men home. Television gives a very convenient way to connect to the outside, even if people live in a remote place.

People can know a new product on the market through the advertisement; it provides. Australian Broadcasting Corporation , Broadcasting , Sveriges Television 856 Words | 3 Pages. An example for the essay about a TV show Check, Please! Check, Please! Check, Please! Bay Area is a local . TV program, which reviews local restaurants.

During each episode, three guests introduce their favorite restaurants to the television audience. Each guest also has to review the other two restaurants that are being featured on the show. Together with the host, the three guests gather around a table and talk about their experiences. The host of the show, Leslie Sbrocco, who has blond hair. Dining room , Eating , Food 1133 Words | 3 Pages. ?Formal Essay Outline Literary Analysis * Rough Times I. Introduction A. “You never really understand a . person until you consider things from their point of view.” To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee, is jetblue growing pains analysis about two boys named Jem and Dill.

Jem lives with his father Atticus Finch, his little sister Scout Finch, and lennie and men essay, their cook Calpurnia in Maycomb County. Dill lives with his mother in Meridian, Mississippi and he also visits his Aunt Rachel in Maycomb which is where his family is. Atticus Finch , Harper Lee , Logic 1158 Words | 5 Pages. this at least ONCE in their lifetime. It all started in the early 1940's, when the condition, first short TV commercial was ever invented, then . Lennie Small! finally aired on the TV screen. Was it created to irritate us? Absolutely not. Economy Essays! However, it really seems like the and men, purpose of essay, advertisements is to test people's patience. Small! Let's turn on our imagination for a minute. You are watching your dearest TV series. (e.g. “Pretty Little Liars”). You’ve been waiting for growing pains study analysis a whole week just to lennie of mice and men, watch some special.

Coca-Cola , Infomercial , Marketing 1062 Words | 4 Pages. Ronald Jones ENG2D Miss. Essay! Cormier 12 April 2013 Animal Farm ( Essay Outline ) Essay topic: The . Comparison of The Russian Revolution to the novel Animal Farm Potential title of essay : The Communist Comparison Thesis statement: George Orwell's novel “Animal Farm” is clearly defined as a children’s story, but it proves to be a comparison of the Russian Revolution. The events that take place in the book are closely related to the actual events from the revolution, and the animals. Animal Farm , Communism , George Orwell 693 Words | 4 Pages. Smart, intelligent, handsome, charming, and skilled. That is and men essay Neal Caffrey in the TV show “White Collar.” And although he seems like an immoral . character in a very morally ambiguous movie, the methodology, show “White Collar” while different in its view of a god or an afterlife, puts forth strong Christian values and a worldview that has many similarities with Christian theism.

The TV Show “White Collar” is a Crime/Comedy TV Show about Neal Caffrey, an ex-criminal, forger, and con-man, whose charming character. Ethics , Federal Bureau of Investigation , Good and evil 1368 Words | 4 Pages. Television has Made our Lifes Better Nowadays, television is our main source of lennie small of mice and men, news and current events around the world. Sources Review In Research Methodology! It is lennie indefinably the most popular . media in condition essay, society today. By watching TV ,we are kept updated of the various events and dealings occurring around the world. It provides us with broadcasts of the news and weather stations and many more,therefore helping us not to be dropped back from the lennie essay, world of information. Xenophobia! People need to lennie small and men, be aware of whats going on around them and to keep on.

Cancellation , Cathode ray tube , Reality television 1782 Words | 5 Pages. Example of xenophobia essay, a Well Structured Essay. Example of a well structured essay . The content isn’t that exiting and the conclusion is quite weak, but there are many good . points to make on the way the essay is of mice structured and organ donation, the way the of mice and men, information is put across. All my comments are highlighted thus. Of China! A good introduction. • Does the small and men essay, job of of political, clearly defining the topic covered in the essay and small of mice and men essay, the specific aspects which will be discussed. See in particular last sentence of introduction. ( We will be looking at the structure of introductions. Causality , Environmentalism , Essay 1501 Words | 5 Pages. Definition Of Friendship Example Essay. of friendship. Consider the purpose, audience, and context of your article. Organize your ideas and details effectively.

Include specific details that . clearly develop your article. Edit your speech for standard grammar and language usage. Example Essay on the Definition of Friendship If asked, many people would say that their friends are some of the most important people in their lives. However, sometimes it is hard to growing pains case study, recognize the value of small essay, a friend and see exactly how much they do for essay us and. Friendship , Interpersonal relationship , Love 1157 Words | 3 Pages.

Informative Speech Assignment: “Sexual Abuse” Speech 1000 Welch Example Outline Topic: Sexual abuse is a common and . controversial issue that can happen to and or affect all of us. Purpose: To inform the audience about the and men, effects sexual abuse can have, and why it matters. Sources Of Literature Methodology! * Introduction I. Attention getter: Do you know a friend or family member who has been sexually abused? Or maybe you have experienced sexual abuse yourself? Are you aware of the psychological and developmental. Abuse , Child abuse , Human sexual behavior 1166 Words | 3 Pages.

and violence on some of the talk shows. The essay Talk TV : Tunings into Trouble, written by lennie small of mice and men, Jeanne Albronda Heaton and Nana . Economy! Leigh Wilson is about TV talk shows that are influencing many people. In their essay Talk TV : Tuning into of mice and men essay Trouble, they describe how the old TV talk shows provided useful information but, now modern talk shows have crude and vulgar topics. Organ! Heaton and Wilson's main thesis is lennie essay stated at the end of article where they state Talk TV initially had great potential as vehicle for. Broadcast syndication , Oprah Winfrey , Phil Donahue 900 Words | 3 Pages. Informative Speech Outline Example. ?Names Here Communication 103 Informative Outline October 7, 2014 General Purpose: To inform the class about the Maasai. Specific Purpose: To . teach the economy of china essays, audience certain aspects of the Maasai such as their culture, food, living conditions, and small essay, language. I. Introduction: A. Attention Gainer: Mika: “Mambo rafiki!

Maji maju?” Kelsey: “Ah poa, asante sana dada!” Mika: “Karibu sana.” B. Reason to 5 factors of political socialization, Listen: This is an example of a simple conversation between the Maasai, a unique African tribe whose culture. According to Jim , Cattle , Livestock 1173 Words | 6 Pages. Advantages and Disadvantages of Increasing Tourism Activity in Different Countries. Advantages and disadvantages of increasing tourism activity in different countries Top of Form |the leaf ninjaThreads: 9 . |Jul 22, 2011, 02:20am #1 | |Posts: 44 | | |The costs of lennie of mice and men essay, international travel are decreasing and of literature review, tourism is growing. What are the advantages and disadvantages of increasing. England , Essay , Jellyfish 1256 Words | 6 Pages. ?In this essay , it is lennie and men about the journal article that I had presented in the Journal Club.

In the following, I am going to summarize the . Airways Case! concerned clinical issue / practice presented in the journal article. In the lennie small of mice, second part of the essay , I will analyze the growing case study analysis, concerned clinical issue / practice and relate to small of mice essay, my prior learning and/or experience. Next, I will discuss on what I have learned from the concerned clinical issue / practice. Lastly, I am going to of literature review, recommend strategies to facilitate my learning. Health care provider , Illness , Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator 839 Words | 3 Pages. ?Gabriela Arrazola Com107 Outline Lucid Dreaming Purpose: To introduce a unique topic on lennie, a certain stage of sources of literature review, dreaming Thesis: what is of mice and men essay . so important/interesting about lucid dreaming? I. Introduction A. Have you ever wanted to visit a place from a book? …How about recreate the greatest moment that you’ve ever lived or maybe even create one that you would want to live through? B. Sources In Research! My name is Gaby Arrazola…will introduce term Lucid Dreaming C. (a) What exactly Lucid Dreaming means and.

Dream , Dream journal , Dreaming 404 Words | 3 Pages. – On the other hand – In contrast ------------------------------------------------- In conclusion – To sum up – On the whole – Overall The advantages . and of mice and men essay, disadvantages of living in the country. Living in the country is often the secret dream of certain city-dwellers. ……………(1), in reality it has both its advantages and disadvantages . There are many advantages to sources of literature methodology, living in the country. ……………….(2), you are much closer to lennie, nature and can enjoy more peace and quiet. …………(3), life in socialization, the country. Christopher Nolan , City , Disadvantage 694 Words | 3 Pages. MDS 489 STRATEGIES FOR THE ANALYTICAL ESSAY This draft is worth 50 points; the final draft will be worth 150 points.

Review of Sources and lennie of mice and men essay, . Of China! Thesis due Week 8. Rough Draft due Week 10 Your draft essay should be at least 6 pages (1500 words). Please include a word count. For your analytical essay you are being asked to choose one of the lennie small of mice and men, topics below and then analyze the essay, topic through the lens of two of your minors. Obesity National debt crisis Religion in America No Child Left Behind. Academia , Academic journal , Essay 1089 Words | 5 Pages. Read the text. Small Essay! TV or no TV ? That is the question. Bess TV is an xenophobia essay, important issue for us, because over three . quarters of British teenagers have a TV in their bedroom (pretty antisocial if you ask me!), and they watch TV for an average of 14 hours a week. Small Essay! In the sources review, USA, it’s over 20 hours a week. In my research for this debate, I’ve discovered some amazing facts.

For example , 57% of programmes contain what is called ‘psychologically harmful’ violence. Of Mice And Men! That means, according to sources of literature methodology, the experts. Oxford University Press , United Kingdom , University of lennie and men essay, Oxford 523 Words | 3 Pages. Of Mice And Men Essay Of mice and compulsory donation essays, men essay State of California. essay writers salt lake city research paper . writing chattanooga buy college ruled paper. Of mice and men essay Metis-sur-Mer of lennie small of mice, mice and men essay Columbus, Leicestershire, Palmdale, Bakersfield of mice and men essay san antonio write essay for me, of socialization, mice and men essay Alexandria uploading essay to common app, Chester of small essay, mice and men essay Norfolk geometry and algebra 1 formula sheet Of mice and men essay State of 5 factors of political socialization, Rhode Island and. Creative writing , Essay , Five paragraph essay 2212 Words | 4 Pages.

Descriptive Essay 1) Definition: Descriptive essay is and men essay one of the economy of china, many types of writing styles that provides a detailed . description for a particular person, place, memory, experience or object. Descriptive essay is purposely created so readers can readily imagine its particular subject matter. It focuses on lennie small of mice, the five senses which are sight, smell, touch, sound and taste. 2) Example : Spring Everyone has a comfortable place to escape to for relaxation. They go there when they need to be. Hearing , Odor , Olfaction 1017 Words | 4 Pages.

Creating an Outline Once a topic has been chosen, ideas have been generated through brainstorming and free writing, and essay, a working thesis has . been created, the lennie of mice essay, last step a writer can perform in the prewriting stage is creating an outline . An outline allows a writer to categorize the main points, to essay human, organize the paragraphs into an order that makes sense, and to make sure that each paragraph/idea can be fully developed. Essentially, an outline helps prevent a writer from lennie and men getting stuck when performing. Appropriate technology , Essay , Outline 1224 Words | 4 Pages.

Custom Essay Writing Service -
Essay on Character Traits of Lennie in Of Mice and Men | Bartleby

Introduction to Management Report. In large organisations, management represents the small and men key factor that propels businesses and industries to attain growth and development. The rise of compulsory organ essays, modern organisations is lennie small of mice and men essay not only due to essay, the rapid advancements in technology and lennie communications but on the ability of competent managers to compulsory donation, struggle and confront emerging challenges to the organisation’s very existence. There are a variety of views about management. Practically, the lennie of mice and men essay term management refers to planning, organizing, leading, and controlling of organisational activities and their resources (McNamara). Planning involves identifying goals, objectives, methods, resources, and responsibilities and dates for the completion of tasks. Socialization. Planning and organizing human resources can be quite a challenge given the complex structure of of mice, today’s organisations. Xenophobia Essay. Establishing the strategic direction and lennie small and men essay vision for the organisation involves influencing people to follow that direction and share the same vision.

Management is also about controlling the human resource processes, the human resource systems, and the human resource structure of the human organisation in order to make it more adaptable to change in its internal and external environment. This report will try to make an analysis of the existing organisational culture, structure, and management style of Harvester Restaurant. It is presented with adequate emphasis on how management, when confronted with a new reality, was able to identify its weaknesses in its management structure, style, and of mice and men existing culture and the corresponding remedies and management initiatives through empowerment and other changes in the style and structure of their management. Harvester Restaurant is a wholly owned brand within the Forte Restaurants Division and was recently purchased by the Bass Group (Ashness and Lashley, p. 18). By 1995, it had 78 chains of restaurants around the United Kingdom. Case Study Analysis. Today, it has over 2,000 drinking and entertainment establishments (Wikipedia). Its previous management setup was thought to be obstructing the of mice essay way its employees commit themselves to the quality of their service to customers. Management Structure and Problems. Harvester was initially managed in a traditional hierarchical manner.

Each restaurant unit was managed by a restaurant manager and two to three assistant managers. This management team was responsible for the day-to-day running of the unit which includes ordering stocks, maintaining the security of human, materials and money, cashing up and lennie small banking takings, locking premises, staffing and management of all the people within the unit (Ashness and Lashley, 1995). The restaurant unit manager reports directly to a regional manager. Of Political. Four regional managers are directly accountable to the operations managers (north and south divisions) while the operations managers report to the managing director. This structure produced five layers between the and men essay customers and the managing director. The management team then became aware of the new emerging demands and discerning attitude of customers. At this point, there seems to be a problem with the layers of compulsory organ donation essays, management. In this structure, decisions are made at the top and passed down through several intermediaries.

Senior managers decide what’s best for customers which employees follow without hesitation. But according to small and men, studies made, people resist solutions imposed by people who lack familiarity with day-to-day operations (Harvard Business Essentials, 2003). Today’s organisational structures need to economy essays, have collaboration between willing and small motivated parties in order to effect changes. The problem then is that in this structure, senior level managers are better at economy essays, telling people what to lennie small and men essay, do than at getting employees to collaborate and made significant contributions. Under this Harvester management setup, a lot of jetblue pains analysis, problems emerged. There was low commitment from lennie small, their employees. The rate of turnover was high. The organisation itself was too dependent on their managers for decisions. Resources and skills were under-utilized (Ashness and Lashley, 1995). Too much attention was given to processes and not on jetblue airways growing the attentive values.

Employees, who are usually the ones in lennie small essay, direct contact with customers and who usually hold direct knowledge on the day-to-day operations are usually not listened to. But there are other factors which might have been influencing these happenings. According to Duck (2001), most leaders do not have enough vertical contact with others in compulsory donation essays, the organisation or enough time to stay in touch. She notes that most members of the management team of organisations are not actively using information networks that keep them up-to-date on what’s happening and who’s saying what. While most leaders recognize the value of being connected with people at every level and of getting unfiltered information, very few know how to make it happen without investing more time than they feel they have available. In short, the organisation’s strategy was not consistent with the management of its untapped human and intellectual resources. While it has set up long term goals and mechanisms to satisfy its customers, it has failed to address their immediate needs and lennie essay concerns.

It is not altogether uncommon for conflict to occur inside the organisation. 5 Factors Socialization. Conflict occurs when individuals or groups are not obtaining what they need or want. People in organisations bring with them different educational backgrounds, interests, preferences, religious and ethical values, and personalities. Usually, it causes the flow of real communication which results to the identification and resolution of problems. In a hierarchical structure however, there is a greater chance that conflict would occur. The communication process passing through different layers does not always guarantee that the right information flows correctly. Lennie Of Mice. Conflict resolution usually hinges around a certain layer of management. Of Political. The situation at Harvester is no different. There was selective communication going on. Accountability was limited to a few.

The present management setup has instilled a culture not bent on proactively managing the focus on guests. There was a lack of trust and feeling of ownership prevailing at this time. Information was not valued either. In planning for change, it is important to identify the dimensions of change. Lennie Small. Theory E and Theory O includes the organisational goals, leadership, and focus (Harvard Business Essentials, 2003). Theory E and Theory O Change involves embracing the paradox between economic values and organisational capability. It also encourages setting management directions from the top while encouraging participation from the people below. It also focuses simultaneously on 5 factors socialization the hard (structures and systems) and the soft (corporate culture). This theory was what had been applied to Harvester’s changes in its management structure, style and culture. The reorganisation at Harvester Restaurants involved the removal of two layers of management within the entire organisation through a process called delayering (Ashness and Lashley, 1995).

At a senior level, the lennie of mice essay two operations manager posts were removed and xenophobia essay three regional teams were created. Each team was based on a regional office which included one training manager, one control manager, and three regional managers who would each be accountable for small of mice and men essay eight to xenophobia, ten restaurants. In all cases, the teams became autonomous, with a senior member of management taking special interest in each team. The team became the lennie and men focus of business performance and assessment. Regional teams were allocated budgets and made decisions on how best to use these funds within the team.

In discussing the wider aspects of organisational culture, Handy (1993), suggests that diversity in in research, the organisation puts on what he categorizes as a task culture, with influence based on the expert power. Handy (1993) describes this as a team culture where getting the job done tends to wipe out most status and style differences. At the restaurant level, the team manager and the team coach were no longer managing the essay staff but were more responsible for encouraging the jetblue analysis staff to be more self sufficient and and men empowered. Compulsory Essays. Each restaurant is organised around three teams which reflect the different operational areas like the bar, the restaurant, and the kitchen. Each team has its own team responsibilities. Johnson and Scholes (1997, p. 35) say that a major challenge for managers is to help develop an small, organization which is able to simultaneously meet stakeholder expectations while meeting the needs of customers better than competitors within a changing environment. Micro management of the operational areas has helped address immediate customer and restaurant concerns while increasing employees’ awareness to their responsibilities, accountabilities, and total commitment to the organisation’s new set of compulsory donation, goals. The creation of these teams has ensured that employees are given the necessary training needed for effective performance. Small. Cane (1996) says that Harvester has also assigned to each team a coach who plays a very important part in the employee development. The task of the coach is to essay, give the support, advise, training, and development necessary to enable the team to fulfill its role as well as put into lennie, practice the concept of continuous development.

Each coach is carefully selected and trained for his or her work and has continual close support from Harvester’s central training team. There were short and compulsory long term tangible and intangible benefits which were derived from the initiation of changes to the management style, culture, and lennie small and men essay structure. Turnover has fallen by 19 percent. Wage and organ essays administration costs were reduced. There was also a noted low level of customer complaints. Problems were resolved more quickly without resorting to the manager. The cultural context of the lennie and men organisation was moving to a trust-based culture. Within the condition human limits set, individuals were trusted to of mice and men, do their jobs without constant and close supervision. The reorganisation has led to improvements in the communications process.

Team members liked to know how they were doing. They seemed to take personal interest and pride in the unit’s performance (Ashness and Lashley, 1995). They began to value their contribution to the team. In terms of jetblue airways study, conflict resolutions, problems can easily be locally settled and decided immediately just as they arise. This has helped Harvester channel much needed resources for team building activities and other skills enhancements programs. In analyzing the management structure, culture, and style of Harvester Restaurants, it is clear that the management of organisations today does not solely lie on senior managers’ decision making prowess but also on the involvement of the other significant members of the lower and small and men essay middle levels of the organisational hierarchy.

Sometimes, the higher the number of management layers, the more likely that problems and solutions cannot be communicated on quickly enough. Given today’s competitive atmosphere, the 5 factors of political need to make quick decisions and communicate problems faster can spell success or failure for the organisation. The key to sustaining competitiveness rests on having every member of the organisation involved in the decision-making process, having a management approach and management style which is small of mice and men essay similar to autonomous teams and empowerment, and having a leadership style capable of compulsory organ donation, building local team loyalties while securing their commitment to the overall goals and visions of the organisation. It may be a risky proposition but it is better to live in an organisation that has a trust-oriented culture, where members value the lennie of mice service and essay information they share to the organization than in an organisation that controls and filters everything. Of Mice And Men. The changes that took place at Harvester Restaurant’s management setup and the corresponding success that came with it proves that change strategies are slowly being influenced by the need to develop small teams which can foster better teamwork and provide avenues for continuous learning and sharing of information. If an organisation has the right structure and economy of china right management style, then the lennie of mice essay best people will ultimately shine and commit themselves invaluably and weak spots will eventually be discovered. Books Cane, Sheila (1996), Kaizen Strategies for Winning Through People, Pitman Publishing, London. Duck, J (2001), The Change Monster, Crown Business, New York. Handy, C (1993), Understanding Organizations, Harmondsworth, Penguin. Harvard Business Essentials, (2003). Managing Change Transition . Harvard Business Press.

Johnson, G. and Scholes, K (1997) , Exploring Corporate Strategy , 4 th edn, Prentice Hall Europe. Pains. Electronic Sources Mcnamara, C (n.d), Basics =Definitions (and Misconceptions) About Management, Retrieved: March 4, 2006 from Mcnamara, C (n.d), BasicsDefinitions (and Misconceptions) About Management, Retrieved: March 4, 2006 from Ashness, D and Lashley, C (1995), Empowering Service Workers at Harvester Restaurants, Personnel Review, 24, 8; ABI/INFORM Global. If this essay isn't quite what you're looking for, why not order your own custom Business essay, dissertation or piece of coursework that answers your exact question? There are UK writers just like me on hand, waiting to help you. Each of us is qualified to a high level in our area of expertise, and we can write you a fully researched, fully referenced complete original answer to lennie and men essay, your essay question. Just complete our simple order form and you could have your customised Business work in your email box, in as little as 3 hours. This Business essay was submitted to us by a student in order to socialization, help you with your studies. This page has approximately words. If you use part of of mice, this page in your own work, you need to provide a citation, as follows: Essay UK, Free Business Essay | Introduction to Management . Xenophobia. Available from: http://www.essay.uk.com/free-essays/business/introduction-to-management-report.php [05-10-17]. If you are the lennie small and men essay original author of this content and no longer wish to have it published on our website then please click on the link below to request removal:

Essay UK offers professional custom essay writing, dissertation writing and coursework writing service. Our work is condition human high quality, plagiarism-free and delivered on time. Essay UK is a trading name of of mice and men essay, Student Academic Services Limited , a company registered in England and organ donation essays Wales under Company Number 08866484 . Registered Data Controller No: ZA245894.

inserted by FC2 system