Photosynthesis essay questions ap biology

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mesopitamia essay The Mesopotamian basin was the questions birthplace of writing. Essay! The Cuneiform writing system developed here was the first form of communication beyond the use of photosynthesis questions pictograms. The earliest writing systems evolved independently and at roughly the same time in Egypt and Mesopotamia, but current scholarship suggests that Mesopotamia’s writing appeared first. That writing system, invented by the Sumerians, emerged in Mesopotamia around 3500 BCE. At first, this writing was representational: a bull might be represented by a picture of a bull, and a pictograph of barley signified the word barley.

Though writing began as pictures, this system was inconvenient for essay, conveying anything other than simple nouns, and it became increasingly abstract as it evolved to photosynthesis, encompass more abstract concepts, eventually taking form in the world’s earliest writing: cuneiform. An increasingly complex civilization encouraged the a level development of an increasingly sophisticated form of writing. Cuneiform came to photosynthesis essay, function both phonetically (representing a sound) and semantically (representing a meaning such as an object or concept) rather than only representing objects directly as a picture. This lesson plan, intended for use in the teaching of world history in the middle grades, is designed to help students appreciate the essay format parallel development and increasing complexity of writing and civilization in the Tigris and Euphrates valleys in ancient Mesopotamia. You may wish to use this lesson independently as an introduction to Mesopotamian civilization, or as an photosynthesis essay questions ap biology, entry point into the study of essay submissions magazines Sumerian and Babylonian history and culture. How did cuneiform writing emerge and evolve in ancient Mesopotamia? How did the cuneiform writing system affect Mesopotamian civilization?

Point to questions ap biology, specific artifacts to demonstrate the way the writing system in Mesopotamia was transformed. Analyze the purposes writing served in Mesopotamia with an ib world essay, emphasis on how those purposes evolved as the photosynthesis questions civilization changed. Gain a basic understanding of the features essay ways in which the ap biology development of a level coursework systems of writing and the development of civilization are linked. The earliest known civilization developed along the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in what is photosynthesis essay ap biology now the country of Iraq. The development of successful agriculture, which relied on the region’s fertile soils and an irrigation system that took advantage of its consistent water supply, led to the development of the features world’s first cities. The development of stable agriculture through irrigation meant people no longer had to follow changing sources of food.

With this stability farmers in the region were able to domesticate animals such as goats, sheep, and essay questions, cattle. They successfully grew crops of barley and essay, other grains, from which they began to produce dietary staples and essay questions, other products, such as bread and beer. As their agricultural practices became more successful, farmers were able to create surpluses. In order to ensure the essay crop yield, a system of canals was dug to divert water for agriculture and lessen the essay questions ap biology impact of and nature annual floods. With these advances, a significant population of successful farmers, herders, and traders were able to move beyond subsistence agriculture. Essay Ap Biology! A series of successive kingdoms—Sumer, Akkadia (also spelled Accadia), Assyria, Babylonia—built cities with monumental architecture, in which trade and hypothesis formation, commerce were thriving, and even early forms of plumbing were invented for the ruling class. The development of trade was one of several important factors in Mesopotamia that created a need for essay, writing.

The development of complex societies, with social hierarchies, private property, economies that supported tax-funded authorities, and trade, all combined to create a need for written records. The increasingly sophisticated system of writing that developed also helped the civilization develop further, facilitating the management of complex commercial, religious, political, and military systems. The earliest known writing originated with the of objective Sumerians about 5500 years ago. Writing was not invented for telling stories of the great conquests of kings or for important legal documents. Instead, the earliest known writing documented simple commercial transactions. The evolution of writing occurred in stages. In its earliest form, commercial transactions were represented by tokens. A sale of four sheep was represented by four tokens designed to signify sheep. At first such tokens were made of stone. Later, they were created from clay.

Tokens were stored as a record of transactions. In the next stage of essay ap biology development, pictographs (simple pictures of an object) were drawn into wet clay, and these images replaced the tokens. Scribes no longer drew four sheep pictographs to represent four sheep. Instead, the numeral for four was written beside one sheep pictograph. Through this process writing was becoming disentangled from essay submissions magazines direct depiction. More complicated number systems began to develop. The pictographic symbols were refined into the writing system known as cuneiform.

The English word cuneiform comes from the essay Latin cuneus , meaning “wedge.” Using cuneiform, written symbols could be quickly made by hypothesis formation, highly trained scribes through the skillful use of the questions wedge-like end of a reed stylus. Eventually, writing became phonetic as well as representational. Once the writing system had moved from being pictographic to phonetic writing could communicate abstractions more effectively: names, words, and formation, ideas. With cuneiform, writers could tell stories, relate histories, and support the rule of essay questions kings. Cuneiform was used to record literature such as the Epic of Gilgamesh—the oldest epic still known. Furthermore, cuneiform was used to communicate and coursework plagiarism, formalize legal systems, most famously Hammurabi’s Code. For additional detailed information on the development of writing in Mesopotamia, read the Introduction to photosynthesis essay questions, the Cuneiform Collection available through the EDSITEment resource Internet Public Library.

Review all websites and materials students will view. Download photographs of artifacts students will be viewing offline. Download and prepare as necessary handouts from the downloadable PDF for this lesson. You may wish to consult the following EDSITEment lessons on plagiarism, ancient writing systems, designed for younger students, which contain elements that could be adapted for middle school: Activity 1. Why the Fertile Crescent?

This first activity will introduce students to the part of the world where writing first developed- the area once called Mesopotamia, which was located in what is today the country of Iraq. Essay Questions Ap Biology! The earliest cities known today arose in Mesopotamia, an area that is features part of what is sometimes called the Fertile Crescent. What clues can we get from the geography of the photosynthesis questions region to explain why Mesopotamia became the “Cradle of Civilization”? Share with the students the British Museum’s introduction to diagnosis and nature of paraphilia, Mesopotamia: Geography, available through the EDSITEment-reviewed resource The Oriental Institute: The University of Chicago. Then use the Geography: Explore feature to photosynthesis essay ap biology, investigate a variety of maps of the region by choosing them from the sir francis bacon pull down menu. View the modern political map of the area with the class. Photosynthesis Questions! Ask the students: With which of these cities are you familiar?

What do you notice about the locations of these modern cities? Next view the Ancient Cities map together. Ask the students: Where were most of the cities located? Why there? How does their location compare with that of the contemporary cities? Next, view the Terrain Map with the students and ib world essay, ask them to answer the following question: Look to the northeast of Mesopotamia. Why is that area not as hospitable to agriculture? The southwest?

Finally, view the essay questions Natural Resources Map with the class, and ask them to answer these questions: Mesopotamia was agriculturally rich. Sir Francis Bacon! Why did vibrant trade develop in the larger region shown on the map? One reason is that although the area was rich in agriculture, it was poor in many natural resources? What elements in the terrain also enabled Mesopotamia to develop trade (pay particular attention to the rivers, relatively flat terrain)? In this activity students will be introduced to photosynthesis essay questions, the time period in which the first writing developed, and the major events which coincided with this development in ancient Mesopotamia. Distribute the Timeline: Mesopotamia 4000-1000 BCE activity which is available as a PDF for this lesson, or you can do this as an online activity. Note that the timeline covers an extended period, not all of which will be covered in detail in this lesson. This activity will give students who have not had readings about the history of the Middle East, and a level coursework plagiarism, specifically about Mesopotamia, the opportunity to gain some contextual understanding of the development of cuneiform writing.

For students who have had the opportunity to learn about Mesopotamia this exercise will remind them of some of the major events in the history of the questions area. Distribute the Timeline Labels handout, which is formation available as a PDF for this lesson. If practical you may wish to project the timeline onto a screen or redraw the photosynthesis essay questions ap biology timeline on the board. As a class, look through the essay labels. Which do students hypothesize would appear earlier/later on the timeline?

Divide the class into small groups of three or four and assign each group one of the labels. Students can scan through the essay questions two summaries of key events in Mesopotamian history that are available on the EDSITEment web resource Metropolitan Museum of Art: These timelines of key events can be used by students to determine where each label should be placed and to essay magazines, indicate when certain innovations became important. Note: Cuneiform continued to be used in photosynthesis essay questions ap biology, Mesopotamia well into the first millennium BCE, however, as this lesson is concentrating on the early development of the writing system the submissions magazines timeline in this activity will end before cuneiform writing ceased to be used. Moving in chronological order, place the photosynthesis essay ap biology labels on the timeline. Each group should work together to provide any additional information about the development that was in the event summary. Hypothesis Formation! Challenge students to essay questions, put together a simple narrative of developments in the Tigris-Euphrates River Valley based on the events in the timeline. What developments in the civilization would have been facilitated by or even require a system of writing? In this activity students will begin to think about the development and urbanization of Mesopotamian civilization by thinking about the kinds of occupations that developed over time. Students will also begin to think about the relationship between the evolution of civilization in Mesopotamia and how writing enhanced its development.

Students have probably already studied in essay submissions magazines, their classes about the shift of human societies from the photosynthesis essay ap biology nomadic pursuit of game and wild vegetation, to settled cultivation, and eventually towards settled villages, towns, and cities. Essay! As societies became, first, more settled as farmers, and then in certain places more urbanized as some populations became townsfolk, what kinds of new tasks and jobs would need to be done? Ask students to return to their timeline worksheets. Essay Questions Ap Biology! Based on what students learned from the timeline activity, what do they think are some jobs that probably existed in essay on the, ancient Mesopotamia: Farmer? Trader? Ruler? Builder? Others? Divide the class into small groups and have each group work together to essay questions ap biology, create a list of submissions magazines jobs they believe might have existed in ancient Mesopotamia. Ask each group to contribute one job to a running list that will be written on the board.

You may wish to go around the essay questions room two or three times. You can download a list of some occupations which were part of life in ancient Mesopotamia. This is not a comprehensive list, but it will give your class an idea of what life in ancient Mesopotamia was like. Essay Diagnosis Of Paraphilia! You can use this list as a point of comparison with the list that the class has compiled. Students may be surprised to questions, discover which occupations were and were not part of life in ancient Mesopotamia. Ask students to think about the following questions: What are some jobs the essay students did not list? What are some jobs students wouldn’t expect to be on the list, such as factory worker? What jobs on the list no longer exist?

Which jobs are unfamiliar to students? Were the students surprised to learn some of the listed jobs existed in ancient Mesopotamia? Which occupations do they think were the most common? Why? Which of the essay questions jobs on the list are part of an industry, trade, or profession with a need for record keeping? Explain your answers.

Discuss the occupations which would have required record keeping briefly. You may wish to hypothesis, discuss the essay questions ap biology role of the priestly class in ancient Mesopotamia, as elite, Mesopotamian priests had a far more expanded role in society than students may have experienced with members of the clergy today. The priests of ancient Mesopotamia were part of the ruling class, and much of the tax money that was collected went to the priests and the temples. Essay! Next, have students discuss the following questions. You may wish to have them work together in small groups.

Would it have been possible to complete the tasks of these occupations without being able to write anything down? How? If there were no written records connected to photosynthesis essay, these occupations how would that have affected the occupation? How might it have made it easier? How might it have made it harder? Do students think that the appearance of these occupations might have affected the development of writing? How? Activity 4. Thinking About Writing. In addition to the historical basis for essay submissions magazines, these activities, this lesson is also about the nature of written language, how it evolves and how it serves civilization. Ask the students the purposes of writing in the world today.

You may wish to have them discuss questions such as: Where is writing used as the primary communication device? What information does it convey? When is it used in addition to other forms of communication-like speaking? For what do they use written forms of communication? Next, ask them to ap biology, imagine that in an instant all knowledge of alphabetic writing disappeared. On The And Nature Of Paraphilia! Only the drawing of simple pictures remained as the means of written communication. Have the class brainstorm: What would be some of the photosynthesis essay ap biology most essential things for which you would need signs? Which objects, concepts and ideas are the ones you would make sure were standardized and on the diagnosis, learned right away?

Review the photosynthesis questions list of essential signs that the class has compiled. Essay Submissions! Have students create a few of them and draw them on the board. See if a few volunteers can use these “standardized” signs to put together a message someone else in essay questions ap biology, the class will actually understand. Discuss examples of hypothesis messages relatively easy to communicate with pictographs and photosynthesis questions, others that would be more difficult. Using the signs you’ve made up today, and assuming you had thousands more like them, could you write: Your name? (Perhaps, if your name corresponds to a concrete noun such as Bush, but not if your name is Clinton. Verbs like: walk, run, fly? Adjectives like: delicious, lovely, awesome? The words: “Life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness?

Any of the following titles of songs released in 2004? Which ones? Ask students to features of objective essay, discuss the following questions: What does picture writing do well? Students may note that pictographs can represent nouns, small numbers, and some prepositions—“Two men on horseback.” What advantages does picture writing have? Students may note that even those without specialized knowledge could potentially understand it. What are its weaknesses? Students should note that pictographic images have a limited ability to communicate such things as abstractions, sounds and essay ap biology, certain parts of speech. Bacon Essayist! Can a pictograph convey what the word it is depicting sounds like? Writing in ancient Mesopotamia arose from necessity—specifically, the need to keep records.

Gradually, civilization in the Tigris-Euphrates River Valley became more urbanized. Eventually, a number of complex systems developed: political, military, religious, legal, and commercial. Writing developed as well, becoming essential to those systems. Did writing enable those complex systems to arise or did complex systems create the need for a more sophisticated system of writing? Ask students to recall a time they started to do a task and then realized at some point that they should have been writing things down? For example, they might imagine organizing a collection of photosynthesis essay questions trading cards by writing down categories. Did writing change the essay diagnosis and nature way they approached the essay questions ap biology task? For example, they might think of deciding to make lists of the cards by category.

They could do the task without writing, but writing would better enable them to do it—now the cards are organized by category and there’s a list to check against to identify lost cards. Ask students to think about the following questions as they track the evolution of civilization and literature essay format, writing in photosynthesis essay, ancient Mesopotamia: What kinds of tasks can be accomplished without writing? What kinds of tasks cannot be accomplished without writing? Could a country be ruled, an army trained, a religion organized, laws maintained, buildings built, products marketed, crops raised and sold without writing? How does writing enhance the ability to do those things? Activity 5. Barley and the Story of Writing. In this activity students will be introduced to the world’s first writing system—cuneiform—as they work through the British Museum's Mesopotamia site interactive online activity The Story of Writing, available through the EDSITEment resource The Oriental Institute: The University of submissions Chicago.

Introduce the activity by asking students to think about our word “barley.” How many students know what barley is? How is it used? What does it look like in its natural state? You may wish to sketch barley on the board, or show a photograph of photosynthesis ap biology barley, such as this photograph which is available from the EDSITEment-reviewed web resource Internet Public Library. Barley was a very important crop in of objective, ancient Mesopotamia. A pictograph, a pictorial representation of barley—presumably like the photosynthesis essay questions ap biology one you’ve drawn on the board -- is one of the signs we find on the oldest examples of writing from the region. The first Mesopotamian written representation of barley was a picture. Ask students to think about and discuss the ib world essay format following questions: What’s the relationship between the way our word “barley” looks and barley itself? What are the elements of our word for barley -- how do we know that the symbols which make up the word represent the grain?

Students should come to the idea that in the written word “barley” it is the phonetic representations of the photosynthesis essay ap biology sounds of the word as we say it that connect the written word to the concept. Hypothesis! Barley in Mesopotamia was called “she.” Next, navigate with the class, or have students navigate on their own, through The Story of Writing website. Each page contains information on the history and development of the cuneiform character for the word “barley” over time. Students should complete the quiz Treasure Hunt: Bowling for Barley, which is available as a PDF, as well as in the form of an online activity. Be sure students are aware of the many opportunities to click on the label “More,” which will provide additional information and definitions. Some of the answers to the treasure hunt are contained within those additional information graphics, so students should be sure to read all of them. When students have completed the answers to the treasure hunt have the class discuss the answers to each of the questions, which are available in questions ap biology, the teacher’s rubric. Have students answer the following questions in class discussion.

For larger classes you may wish to divide the class into small groups and bacon, have each group work on answering one of the following questions, which they should share with the rest of the class. How did writing evolve in ancient Mesopotamia? Students should note here the questions progression from representational picture, to symbol, to phonetic representation. Why do the format students think that the ancient Mesopotamians decided to change the writing system from just pictures (pictographs) to the cuneiform shapes? Students might think some of the photosynthesis essay questions ap biology following questions in essay, order to photosynthesis essay questions, help them understand the formation process: Did the change allow the essay ap biology ancient Mesopotamians to include a greater or a lesser number of ideas and objects in their writing? Did the features essay shift towards cuneiform allow scribes to write more quickly?

How did the uses of writing expand over photosynthesis questions ap biology, time? Remind students that the earliest written records were made to document buying and selling things like barley or domestic animals. What other kinds of written documents were not among the earliest writing examples? Students should think about the shift from the recording of simple economic transactions to personal letters and stories. A Level Coursework! What kinds of essay ap biology documents would have been developed later? How did the change from pictures (direct representation) to cuneiform (abstract representation) affect who could use the system?

Students should ponder the idea that an abstract writing system would require learning the system of signs. They should think about literature essay our own writing system -- were they able to understand it before someone taught them how to read and write? Once the writing system had changed to cuneiform, who might have learned how to read and write? Who do you think would want the have a record of the buying and selling of photosynthesis barley? You may wish to remind students that these records were similar to receipts. Why do people make and formation, keep receipts? This may help them to photosynthesis essay, think about why people wanted to keep track of the buying and selling of barley. Activity 6. Learning from Artifacts.

In this activity students will be challenged to hypothesis, make hypotheses about civilization in essay ap biology, ancient Mesopotamia. It will be helpful for students to return to the timelines they created in literature essay format, the second activity as a reference point while completing this exercise. To help them understand the task they will be completing in this activity, begin by asking students to look at one contemporary object on which writing is found, such as a penny. They should imagine they are from the distant future. Ap Biology! They know the English language, but they know little else about America in the 21st century. What hypotheses can they make from a penny?

The members of this unknown civilization. could work metal constructed buildings as shown on the reverse of the coin wore facial hair believed in a Supreme Being … and so forth. Cuneiform writing was understood before we knew much about civilization in Ancient Mesopotamia. How did that happen? In what is now Iran, there is an inscription carved high on a rock face with the same message in three different languages. One is in Persian (the language that is still used in plagiarism, Iran today) and another is photosynthesis questions ap biology Assyrian cuneiform from Mesopotamia. In 1835, an Englishman—Sir Henry Rawlinson—copied the inscriptions from that rock. Once he had translated the Persian, he was able to use the Persian as a key to decipher the cuneiform. As a result, people were able, for the first time, to submissions, read the writing on clay tablets found in the vicinity of the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers.

Ask students to think about the previous lesson in which they learned about photosynthesis questions how the use of features of objective essay writing might have evolved in photosynthesis questions, Mesopotamia. The first writing recorded agricultural transactions. What kinds of thoughts, ideas, actions, or things were easiest to put into formation pictures? What kinds of things did they believe were the most necessary to keep a record of? After thinking about both of these questions ask students to try to imagine why it is that agricultural transactions—the buying and selling of grains or livestock- were among the first written messages on earth. Why was it so important to have a written record of agricultural transactions? Why do you think the photosynthesis questions ap biology first records recorded the sale of grains and livestock?

Why not something else? Who would want to have this record? Next, students should think about what kind of an effect this type of record keeping might have on hypothesis, the rest of society. If there is a record of who bought what kind of questions ap biology grain, how much they bought, and from whom, what else becomes possible? Who besides the seller and hypothesis, the buyer might want a record of these transactions? For example, authorities expecting to ap biology, take a portion of the revenue from taxes might be interested in having a record of the financial transactions which took place. Now instead of trying to guess how much they should tax someone they had a record of how much the hypothesis transaction was worth. Having a written record of those transactions would make the photosynthesis ap biology collection of taxes both more exact and more efficient. What other records might have been useful for authorities to keep? Might they want to sir francis, keep track of marriages?

Births? Deaths? Land sales? Why? How else might rulers be able to use writing to legitimize and essay questions ap biology, extend their power? You may wish to begin by working through the model below. For beginning students you may wish to design an additional model in order to make the process explicit to your students. Next, divide the features essay class into small groups of two or three and assign each group of essay ap biology students an artifact from ancient Mesopotamia from the list below. Each group will describe its artifact while showing a photograph of the features essay object, such as the images listed below which are available below through the EDSITEment web resources The Metropolitan Museum of Art, The Oriental Institute: The University of Chicago, and Internet Public Library.

Then, each group will present its hypotheses about what the photosynthesis ap biology object can tell us today about life in ancient Mesopotamia. Presentation to the class will proceed in chronological order, and should try to answer the following questions: What can be learned about ib world essay civilization in the Tigris-Euphrates River Valley at the time of the artifact’s creation? What in the artifact itself supports their hypothesis? How important can they conjecture written language was to the society which created their artifact?

Note: Each of the following artifact images comes with a translation or notes explaining the contents. All of the photosynthesis essay ap biology pages online offer the opportunity to click for additional views of the artifact (usually a larger view) and/or information. The following is a model for the process of essay magazines this activity with the following artifact: Cuneiform Tablet (account of small cattle, ca. 2000 BCE) which is available through the EDSITEment web resource Internet Public Library. The tablet uses some pictographs as well as a combination of wedge marks and lines. By investigating this tablet, we learn that: Sheep and goats were raised (“One sheep, Ur-Shara,” “one goat”). There was at photosynthesis essay questions least one forest in the area (“individual sheep from the Forest of the Great Canal” and essay submissions magazines, the job of “forester” existed) At the time the tablet was written, canals had been built (The name “Great Canal” implies the existence of at least one lesser canal.) There was an organized system of religion (“Lugal-azida, the anointing-priest”). Fleece was taken from questions ap biology sheep and presumably used (“fleece plucked”).

Careful records of essay livestock were made (“Total: 9 sheep”). There was some sort of calendar which appears to be related to religious practices (“Year Enunugal(anna) was installed (as en-priest of) Inanna (of Uruk”). By investigating the tablet students may also note additional characteristics about the civilization which produced it. For example, the presence of an established calendar indicates the existence of photosynthesis essay questions a fairly sophisticated number system and understanding of astronomy. The naming of of objective essay individuals in the tablet means that the written language can represent sounds as well as nouns. There are no verbs in the tablet, though the word “plucked,” used here as an adjective, is close. You may wish to distribute to each group this graphic organizer for writing down the information they gather. It is available as a PDF for this lesson, or as an questions, online interactive activity. Group presentations should be conducted as if this were a convention of archaeologists trying to piece together a portrait of the evolution of life and writing in ancient Mesopotamia by combining the work of all the groups. Assign one artifact to from the following list to each group: When each group has completed their investigation of the artifact, gathered their evidence, compiled, and presented their hypotheses, have the class discuss and debate the following questions:

What picture of civilization in ancient Mesopotamia arises from the combined hypotheses of the groups? Which artifacts does the group consider as examples of the sir francis most sophisticated use of writing? What questions would this convention of archaeologists want to explore now about ancient Mesopotamia? If you have time in photosynthesis essay ap biology, your class, students can attempt to hypothesis, confirm their hypotheses and learn more about questions life in Mesopotamia through EDSITEment resource Odyssey Online. The exhibit Ancient Near East, designed for middle school students, offers information (including images of artifacts) on people, mythology, daily life, death and burial, and writing. Using what they’ve learned about the symbols and sir francis, their evolution, the photosynthesis essay questions students should be able to formation, place the photosynthesis essay ap biology following artifacts in the chronological order of their creation. Essay Diagnosis Of Paraphilia! Here they are in chronological order. Present them to photosynthesis, the students in submissions magazines, random order.

Administrative Tablet (3100-2900 BCE) from EDSITEment resource Metropolitan Museum of Art. (Note barley pictograph.) Record of Field to be Harvested (c. 2000 BCE) available through the EDSITEment-reviewed Internet Public Library. (Less representational, but note the questions ap biology use of lines which do not appear in true cuneiform.) Promissory Note for Barley (554 BCE) available through the essay format EDSITEment-reviewed web resource Internet Public Library. (All cuneiform wedges.) What reasons did students have for placing the artifacts in the order they chose? Have students write an explanation for why they placed the examples in the order they chose. If you have time you might wish to photosynthesis essay questions ap biology, pursue an alternative or additional assessment piece with your class. Each student should compose a brief essay of no more than one page explaining how writing was important to features of objective, the development of civilization in ancient Mesopotamia. Essay Questions! How would writing have been useful for record keeping, legal matters, passing on history and stories to future generations and other activities represented in the artifacts students analyzed? Why would picture writing be difficult to use for features of objective essay, some of these purposes? There are a number of ways in which you might extend this lesson using EDSITEment resources. If you have time you might try some of the following activities: This lesson has centered on cuneiform writing and its evolution.

Mathematics also flourished and developed in ancient Mesopotamia. For example, ancient Mesopotamia is the place where the concept of photosynthesis ap biology value and the zero were invented. Students can learn more about coursework plagiarism cuneiform numerals and photosynthesis questions ap biology, the Babylonian system of Base 60 with the online exhibit Sumerian and Babylonian Numerals from The School of Computing and IT, both links from the EDSITEment resource The Oriental Institute: The University of Chicago. The position of scribe was highly regarded in ancient Mesopotamia, reserved only for sons of wealthy families. Interested students can Explore the diagnosis World of a Scribe, also available through the EDSITEment web resource The Oriental Institute: The University of Chicago. Budding archeologists can test their skill online using the Puzzle Challenge: Putting Artifacts Back Together, also available through the EDSITEment web resource The Oriental Institute: The University of Chicago. 4-5 class periods. Subject Areas Literature and Language Arts Place Ancient World History and Social Studies World The Ancient World (3500 BCE-500 CE) Literature and Language Arts Place Other Skills Critical analysis Critical thinking Discussion Gathering, classifying and interpreting written, oral and visual information Historical analysis Interpretation Making inferences and drawing conclusions Map Skills Textual analysis Using archival documents Authors David Kleiner (Rydal, PA)

The Mesopotamian basin was the birthplace of writing. The Cuneiform writing system developed here was the first form of photosynthesis questions ap biology communication beyond the use of pictograms. A blog for and about the humanities in the classroom: literature, social studies, language, art and culture, and more. Get updates on new lesson plans and other resources. EDSITEment! is a level coursework a project of the National Endowment for the Humanities.

accepted usc essays University of Southern California. Enter to win $100 by questions ap biology, uploading your essay! In my seventeen years, I have come to understand that I love people, especially when they are different from me. Connecting with people of backgrounds different from mine has never been much of a challenge, because I have two African-American brothers and a sister from essay and nature of paraphilia Zimbabwe. Human commonalities like laughter and love have a much greater impact than skin color or how much money one has. Part of the photosynthesis essay ap biology, reason traveling is so exciting for me is because it seems wherever I go, I’m visiting “family” and meeting new friends. One year ago I traveled to the very northeast of India with my father to a city renowned worldwide for its tea, named Darjeeling. Of Objective Essay? Darjeeling has situated itself in essay questions ap biology, the steep ridges of north India, in part of a local mountain range called the Himalayas. Plagiarism? Not only photosynthesis essay questions, was Darjeeling drastically colder than the hypothesis, temperate climate I had anticipated, but the people looked different than my Indian friends, too, and few spoke Hindi, a conclusion I came to soon after my greeting “Namaste” was ignored a few times. Darjeeling is steeped in a myriad of traditions and cultures, a foil to the Bollywood-influenced notion I was carrying in my mind. Part of our trip was a visit to a tea plantation and factory.

Every day, thousands of workers scale the mountainside to pick tea leaves by hand, and watching from the lift I saw young women my own age along with their parents scanning the photosynthesis questions ap biology, bushes for the leaves. As a blond-ish white female, I did not fit in with the local crowd of Darjeeling, and I think people thought I must be famous, because several people asked to take a picture with me. Essay Magazines? In the same way they also may have had an expectation of what I would be like, I had an expectation of questions ap biology, what they would be like. My experiences growing up in my own home with several cultures under one roof made those cross-cultural interactions common. The trip to India led me to the realization that I have a passion for exploring places, people, and their languages, and also made me aware of these “strengths” that I’d had all along.

I eagerly anticipate the ib world essay format, diversity of photosynthesis questions ap biology, student body and faculty of UF. In a foreign place, it is important to essay diagnosis and nature, be aware of oneself and to be teachable, and these tenets have just as important of a role at the university as well. Nationality and campus citizenship are closely linked because it is from these unseen rapports that community and unity are built. Citizenship is photosynthesis, all about of objective essay, coming together- every person’s experience and background should be shared and celebrated, not used as an exclusionary force. The trip shattered each of my expectations and it became clear that my vision of the world was insular compared to the vastness of even this little chunk of India I was able to visit.

Read prior application essays for University of Southern California below. If you’ve ever played the essay, game “Life”, you would assume adulthood is a lot like this: You leave for college in your tiny car, select a job out of a deck of cards, find a spouse in the pile of identical pink and sir francis blue figurines, buy a home that you can afford with the small amount of paper money you’ve earned during your short life-span, and start having kids that will ride along in the backseat of your plastic car on the long, windy road of Life. Although many people might agree that the path to adulthood is a direct progression of milestones like in the game “Life”, to me, adulthood is more subjective and the paths to essay ap biology, reaching it vary. As a child, I received active attention from my parents and grandparents. On The And Nature? I was raised in a supportive and loving family who cared for me whole-heartedly, and my childhood experiences supported my belief that I was the center of the entire universe. Realistically, I think self-centeredness is photosynthesis questions, natural for a child, an inevitable consequence of serving their immediate and critical needs. In addition, I think all children are subconsciously hard-wired to think in features of objective essay, this way; the essay questions, thoughts of others have to be translated and interpreted yet their own are understood automatically. For a child, their reality is the most important because they are experiencing the world through their own personal lens. Therefore, my childhood was shaped as if it were all about me. I have gained perspective since those days. Of Paraphilia? I have learned that other people have more complicated and arduous lives than my own.

I have learned that if I only think about myself, I will suffer every time I am greeted with an unpleasant situation. My transition to adulthood has been marked with my choice to think differently, to rebel against essay questions ap biology my hard-wired selfish nature, and to train myself to value other people’s feelings, opinions and thoughts. In the bacon essayist, middle of my junior year, my tennis team voted for our team’s “most valuable player”. Our coach instructed us to vote for the person who had the most impact on our team. Of course, I voted for our star player whom had won the most matches and earned the most awards. Later in essay questions, the year, I discovered that I had been voted MVP. I was tenth on a team of fourteen and I had never contended with the athletic ability and plagiarism skills of my teammates.

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Adulthood is photosynthesis essay questions ap biology, learning how to think outside yourself. UAFYQp oxuplpqlngoc, envgzmhxwidl, [link=http://ipmbnkwcenvv.com/]ipmbnkwcenvv[/link], http://ftjtbjdxttfx.com/ I spoke with Ramah, who participated in the Egyptian Revolution. Simin shared what her life is like in war-torn Afghanistan. And I became best of friends with Chrisradha, who lives in the center of Bangkok, Thailand. All of these people I befriended during one of the most important experiences contributing to my intellectual development, the Yale Young Global Scholars Program. YYGS included students from over forty-five different countries and packed in thirteen hours a day of politics, law, and economics over two weeks. With students coming from ib world essay countless backgrounds, I was able to hear many different perspectives on the world. YYGS gave me an entirely new outlook on life and it inspired me in many different ways. This appreciation and desire to immerse myself in an international setting is photosynthesis essay ap biology, complemented by my strong background in the sciences and hypothesis formation math, where I have excelled at the highest levels in essay questions ap biology, high school.

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I do not merely view myself as a trainer to help them physically and mentally develop; rather, I also function as a friend to spend a Sunday afternoon with, an older sibling sharing one of sir francis bacon, my interests with my younger brothers and photosynthesis questions sisters, and a mentor to help guide the children I work with to a future in team sports and other collaborative settings. In my experience as a Rookie Trainer, my buddies have taught me just as much about creativity as I have taught them about teamwork. To help these children develop, offer them friendship, and be a role model for them while doing something we all enjoy has been as rewarding an experience as any I have ever had. Two historic men, who happen to be my grandfathers, inspire me to pursue greatness. Through their perseverance, hard work, and noted achievements, they both epitomize the American Dream. Their accomplishments have shaped my vision of the literature essay, purposeful life I have chosen to lead. I come from essay ap biology a family of social and submissions magazines scientific pioneers, men who wrote and re-wrote history. For example, my maternal grandfather, Charles Bush, was an essay questions, African American and essayist Native-American man who was a key figure in photosynthesis essay questions ap biology, advancing racial integration in the United States. His courage and work ethic helped prove to the world that African-Americans were just as capable as their white counterparts, if provided the of objective essay, opportunity. He was the photosynthesis essay ap biology, first black page for the U.S. Supreme Court for hypothesis formation Chief Justice Earl Warren after the Brown v. Board of Education decision in 1954 that mandated racial integration in schools.

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His perseverance and zest for essay ap biology creativity has had an impact on my life. For example, when I was a sophomore I applied to be a Student Ambassador at my high school and have the opportunity to represent the school. Initially, I was not selected so I applied again the following year. This time around, I was accepted with wide approval. I was later recognized as the most requested Ambassador for student shadows during 2012-2013 year and my positive influence helped recruit more students to my high school.

I was proud to represent a diverse student body and exemplify the equal opportunity to be a leader among my peers. Sir Francis Essayist? Despite my previous setback, I persevered and eventually acquired the position. This experience taught me that perseverance is a key component in photosynthesis essay questions, life. It is now my time to carry on my grandfathers’ legacies. Sir Francis Bacon Essayist? During college, I look forward to an enriching campus experience and hope to represent my school on photosynthesis, the football team. Whatever the future may bring, I know that my goal to achieve, represent, and lead will not waiver. Sir Francis Essayist? I look forward to future opportunities to broaden my intellect and world-view through learning with and from peers of similar academic levels and diverse backgrounds. My college education will be the base from which I can continue to photosynthesis essay, carry the essay submissions magazines, torch that my grandfathers have lit for photosynthesis essay questions ap biology me. Bacon Essayist? In an environment like USC’s, I would not only be inspired to photosynthesis essay questions, achieve, but I would be challenged to succeed. The world is advancing far rapidly than anyone could have predicted. As our technology develops, population increases, and demand escalates, we need to be prepared to supply the need for energy across the of objective, global spectrum.

I dream of becoming a chemical engineer in the hopes of entering the field of energy--a career that would allow me to exercise my curious mind and selfless heart. At USC I would have ample opportunities to feed my growing ambition whilst having a strong, supportive community of fellow engineers to encourage me. I plan on entering the Mork Family Department of photosynthesis essay questions ap biology, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science so that I may further my knowledge of chemistry and its several applications. Organizations such as “Engineers Without Borders” and the “American Institute of Chemical Engineers” would allow me to establish a foundation for chemical engineering as well as provide me with the experience of ib world essay format, working with other potential chemists. Photosynthesis Essay Questions? I hope to coursework, receive a Bachelor’s Degree, and eventually a Master’s, so that I may be able to extend my ideas to other engineers and philanthropists in other countries. With USC’s top alumni network and unprecedented student diversity, this would be all the more possible. My dream is to make the world a better place for everyone.

Pursuing my passion at USC would allow me to turn my dreams into reality.

Constitutional Law Essay Answers. The following California Bar Exam questions are reprinted with permission of the California Bar Examiners. The accompanying exam answers are written by Bar None Review. Use of these answers is for photosynthesis questions ap biology, your personal bar review preparation and law school study only. Essay? The exam answers may not be reprinted or republished in photosynthesis essay ap biology, any form without express written permission. A City ordinance enacted several years ago requires payment of an annual tax of hypothesis formation, $500 by each household in City with two or more children. The tax applies only to people who have become residents of essay questions ap biology, City since the effective date of the formation ordinance. Its stated purpose is to ap biology reimburse City in part for the additional public school expenses and costs of recreational facilities attributable to the new residents. Paul and Pat, husband and wife, became residents of City since the effective date of the tax ordinance and live alone with no children. They have filed suit against City in and nature of paraphilia, federal court for a judgment declaring that the ordinance violates their rights under the U.S. Constitution to familial privacy, to photosynthesis essay questions ap biology due process, and to equal protection.

During discovery, Paul and Pat revealed that they are medically unable to literature essay format conceive a child and have applied to adopt twins. Although the court had ordered that this information remain confidential and all references to it were ordered sealed, City’s attorney has disclosed the information in a press release. Paul and Pat have amended their complaint to allege a third claim against City: i.e., that the questions disclosure by City’s attorney violated their privacy rights under the U.S. Constitution, entitling plaintiff’s to an injunction prohibiting further disclosures and allowing the features of objective court to impose sanctions for violation of its confidentiality order. City has moved to photosynthesis essay ap biology dismiss the entire complaint on the following grounds: (1) the literature essay format plaintiffs lack standing to challenge the tax ordinance, and (2) that, in photosynthesis ap biology, any event, none of the submissions alleged constitutional rights claimed by Paul and Pat were violated by City. How should the essay questions court decide City’s motion to dismiss? Discuss.

Answer A to Constitutional Law Essay 1. By moving to dismiss the entire complaint for lack of standing, the City has raised the issue of the justiciability of the dispute in federal court. In addition to essay and nature standing, justiciability requires ripeness, that the issue is not moot, that circumstances do not require the federal court to abstain, and that no political question exists. Moreover, because suit is essay, being brought against the City in federal court, it is useful to first consider whether the sir francis bacon Eleventh Amendment will bar the claim. The Eleventh Amendment prohibits suits against states in federal court unless the state has waived its sovereign immunity or Congress has conditioned the receipt of a benefit on consent to questions ap biology suit or enacted legislation under §5 of the Fourteenth Amendment that allows suit against the states in federal court. Literature? However, the Fourteenth Amendment applies only to questions the states, and not to essay local or municipal governments. Thus, the City cannot invoke sovereign immunity and the Eleventh Amendment does not block suit in the federal court. In order for essay ap biology, Paul and Pat to be considered proper plaintiffs they must have standing. In order to have standing to sue Paul and Pat must meet the following three prong test: (1) they must have suffered an injury in fact; (2) be able to show causation; and (3) redressibility.

In order to have suffered an injury in fact, Paul and Pat must raise more than a generalized grievance-that is, they cannot assert standing simply as taxpayers or citizens. Here, Paul and Pat have shown that though they are medically unable to literature format have children, they have applied to adopt twins. Because the adoption of twins would bring them within the tax ordinance, and photosynthesis essay questions, thus they stand to suffer an imminent injury in fact, they will have standing if causation and essay format, redressibility are met. The tax ordinance is obviously the cause of the photosynthesis questions injury Pat and hypothesis formation, Paul will suffer, and any chilling effect they already have suffered, and thus the causation requirement is met. In order to avoid issuing impermissible advisory opinions, the court must find redressibility. Photosynthesis Ap Biology? In this case, striking the ordinance will redress the injuries Paul and coursework plagiarism, Pat have and photosynthesis questions ap biology, will suffer, and thus the redressibility requirement for standing is met. Where a plaintiff seeks pre-enforcement review of a statute, the court must consider whether the issue is ripe for review.

This requires the court to weigh: (1) the hardship in essay submissions, the absence of pre-enforcement review; and (2) the fitness of the issues and record for review. Because Pat and Paul are already seeking an adoption and the case involves only questions of law for which the photosynthesis essay questions ap biology record is fit, ripeness will not be a problem. MOOTNESS, ABSTENTION AND POLITICAL QUESTION. None of these justiciability doctrines will bar suit on the given facts. Even if Pat and Paul ultimately do not adopt, and mootness thus becomes a problem, the issue (if not one capable of repetition and evading review) will surely be raised by another plaintiff. [2] CONSTITUTIONAL CHALLENGES TO THE TAX ORDINANCE. The issue is whether the City’s tax ordinance that requires a $500 tax payment from hypothesis each household with two or more children is essay questions, constitutional.

Paul and Pat have challenged the ordinance as violating their rights to familial privacy, to due process, and to equal protection. Each is considered in turn. There is no challenge based on essayist the privilege and immunities clause of the Fourth Amendment as there is no discrimination against out-of-staters. FAMILIAL PRIVACY: SUBSTANTIVE DUE PROCESS. The challenge to the ordinance based on familial privacy is photosynthesis, one which invokes the Fourteenth Amendment due process fundamental right of of objective, privacy. The Court has recognized a fundamental right of privacy under the due process clause that reaches the right to use contraception, to have an essay ap biology abortion, to refuse medical treatment, to direct one’s children’s education, and essay on the and nature of paraphilia, the like. PRIVACY INTEREST/STRICT SCRUTINY. If the tax ordinance implicates these same privacy interests, the ordinance will face strict scrutiny review-is the ordinance necessary to serve a compelling government interest-which is photosynthesis, strict in formation, name and often fatal in fact.

Even if raising funds for ap biology, education and recreation facilities were a compelling state interest, the essay on the diagnosis and nature of paraphilia ordinance is not necessary to the achievement of that interest. A more narrowly tailored ordinance would tax only those children who attend the public schools (as opposed to photosynthesis essay private schools) and who use the recreational facilities. In all likelihood, however, this statute would not be subject to strict scrutiny in literature essay format, the same way as would a statute that prohibited families from having more than two children or required sterilization after having two children. Instead, the Court will probably, at most, apply something akin to the undue burden analysis it has used in abortion cases since Casey to decide whether this tax places an photosynthesis essay questions ap biology undue burden on a family’s decision whether or not to have more than two children. If subjected to strict scrutiny, the statute will not survive a substantive due process analysis. If subjected to undue burden analysis or a lesser level of scrutiny, the statute will likely survive.

In addition to their substantive due process claim, Paul and Pat could raise a procedural due process challenge to the statute. Procedural due process prevents a liberty or property deprivation without due process of law-typically notice and a hearing. Such a challenge would not succeed in this context, however, where the bacon essayist city is not cutting off an photosynthesis essay ap biology entitlement but is instead imposing a tax. Because there is no deprivation of a liberty or property interest, there is no right to a hearing. Pat and Paul can identify several classifications within the ordinance that arguably run afoul of the sir francis essayist Equal Protection Clause of the photosynthesis questions ap biology Fourteenth Amendment. First, the ordinance draws a distinction between families with children and those without children. Second, the ordinance draws a distinction between families with only one child and those with two or more children.

Third, the on the diagnosis and nature of paraphilia statute draws a distinction between families with two or more children who resided in the city before the ordinance was passed and those who have since moved there. The biggest problem that Pat and Paul face in these equal protection challenges is that none of these classifications-those based on children, number of children, or duration of photosynthesis questions, residency-will be enough to invoke more than rational basis review. Rational basis review requires only a legitimate state interest and means that are rationally related to that end. The City’s fiscal interests are legitimate, and the imposition of a tax on families who place the greatest burden on and make the greatest use of the school and recreational facilities is rational. Even the duration of residence classification is rational, as the facilities may have been adequate for existing families but not for the increased strain of plagiarism, new families that require new facilities. The only hope for an equal protection success is to invoke fundamental rights theory. Though education is not a fundamental right, the Court has recognized fundamental rights to travel and to vote under the essay questions ap biology Equal Protection Clause. If Pat and Paul could successfully equate durational residency requirements here with those for voting, they could subject the ordinance to essay submissions magazines strict scrutiny and photosynthesis questions, have it stricken. Of course, durational residency requirements for voting touch more on the fundamental right to vote than the right to domestic travel, and thus strict scrutiny is unlikely in this non-analogous situation. And even if the ordinance were stricken, the City could simply enact a tax on all families with two or more children and still reach Pat and Paul. [3] INJUNCTION AND SANCTIONS FOR PRIVACY ORDER.

The final issue involves the constitutional validity of the court’s non-disclosure order and of the essay injunction against photosynthesis essay further disclosures. At the outset, it is important to note that the press has the hypothesis formation same First Amendment rights as ordinary citizens, and that the government has no duty to open itself or its records to essay questions the press with the essay of paraphilia exception of trials, from which the press cannot be excluded. NON-DISCLOSURE ORDER AND SANCTIONS. Because the government need not make information available to the press, its non-disclosure order was permissible. However, if the photosynthesis ap biology court did not simply keep the information from the press-which it may not even have been able to do-but instead prohibited the ib world format press itself from disclosing the information then, the Court’s order amounted to a prior restraint on speech. In order to be valid, a content-based restraint on speech such as this must survive strict scrutiny-meaning it must be necessary to serve a compelling government interest.

While the government may have a compelling interest in protecting citizens’ fundamental privacy interests, the court’s ability to order sanctions ultimately does not turn on the validity of its order. Rather, under the collateral bar rule, the City attorney (and the press, if the nondisclosure order included them), may be held in essay, contempt without being able to challenge the validity of the order. If the injunction applies only to the City attorney, it will likely be valid as a prior restraint on sir francis bacon speech if the court finds the order necessary to compelling privacy interests. If applied to the press, a similar prior restraint analysis will be followed. Answer B to Constitutional Law Essay 1. In order to pursue a claim in federal court, Paul and photosynthesis essay ap biology, Pat need to show that they are or imminently will suffer personally an injury which is redressable by the court. This is magazines, required for the “cases and controversy” requirements of Article III. Here, Paul and essay ap biology, Pat do not currently have children. In fact, they have only applied to adopt twins.

If they do not get twins, the city tax will not apply to them as it only affects new residents with two or more kids. However, if Paul and Pat can show that they will be able to get kids, they can show they have standing because they are new residents within the tax law. In order to pursue a claim, Paul and Pat also need to show that the claim is essay magazines, ripe – that is, a full-fledged controversy is apparent and the record is complete enough for the court to photosynthesis essay questions review it. Here, the tax has not been applied to Pat and Paul yet and they are asking for sir francis, a declaratory judgment. A court will grant a declaratory judgment only if: 1) the record will allow meaningful review, and 2) the hardship without review will be great. Here, if Paul and Pat can argue that the tax is dissuading them from adopting, then that could be a serious hardship. However, the City will argue that they suffer no hardship yet as their application is ap biology, still pending.

The court will balance these arguments but will likely find they have standing due to the pending adoption, and the case is ripe, as they have enough information to see how the tax would actually work. Even assuming the court finds no standing, it is still necessary to features go through the argument. Photosynthesis Questions Ap Biology? The court should note that this is not an issue of taxpayer standing – which is generally non-justiciable. Paul and submissions magazines, Pat are alleging personal injuries-in-fact. 2. ALLEGED CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS. a. SUBSTANTIVE DUE PROCESS RIGHT TO PROCREATE. Paul and Pat can argue that the tax violates their fundamental right of essay, privacy to have children. This is hypothesis formation, fundamental per the U.S. Supreme Court, and as such is subject to strict scrutiny. Photosynthesis Essay Questions Ap Biology? This law can only be upheld if it is necessary to achieve a compelling government interest. But first, note that the state action requirement is not because this is of objective, a city directly taxing its citizens.

Also, the clause is in issue via the 14th Amendment. As noted, this law must meet strict scrutiny. The city must show there are no less restrictive ways of accomplishing its goals. Here, the tax only affects new residents with two or more kids. The goal is to raise money for schools and recreation areas. While an important interest, it may not be seen as compelling. Certainly school revenue is compelling but recreation areas may not be. Additionally, it is not clear that the photosynthesis ap biology city is using the least restrictive means or that this law is sir francis, necessary.

It could be that families with one kid cause increased costs or that many new residents send their kids to private schools. If so, this law does not meet its goal or affect the right people. There are other taxes available to the government, such as across the board property taxes which could accomplish similar results. Therefore, it is likely that the law could be struck down and therefore the motion to dismiss should be denied. b. EQUAL PROTECTION – CLASSIFICATIONS. The state action requirement is still met as discussed above. The EP clause applies to the states via the 14 th Amendment. Paul and ap biology, Pat can argue that this law denies them the equal protection of the laws. Here, there is coursework, a classification on the face of the essay law – it differentiates between old and new residents. This classification must meet only a rational basis test, unlike other classifications like race and alienage, which are subject to strict scrutiny.

Here, Paul and Pat must show that the hypothesis law is photosynthesis essay questions ap biology, arbitrary and sir francis, irrational – that it is not reasonably related to a legitimate goal. If the ap biology City has found new residents are adding to these costs, then the law is also reasonably related to its goal. Literature Essay? Therefore, the law would not be struck down on this ground. c. EQUAL PROTECTION – RIGHT TO TRAVEL. The State Action doctrine is the same as discussed above. Photosynthesis Essay Ap Biology? However, Paul and Pat can also claim that this tax violates their fundamental right to migrate state to state. The right to travel under the E.P. clause is subject to the strict scrutiny clause mentioned above. Usually the right to travel between the states is involved, and here it is the right to migrate between cities that are involved. Thus, the city can argue that this right is diagnosis and nature, not implicated by photosynthesis essay its terms. Therefore, this would not be a good argument for Paul and Pat to ib world literature essay format raise.

However, if the argument was found to have merit, then the same factors as discussed in the earlier strict scrutiny analysis would apply, and the law would likely be struck down. d. DUE PROCESS – ECONOMIC REGULATIONS. If Paul and Pat try to attack the ap biology tax as an improper economic regulation which denies them due process, they would again be subject to on the diagnosis of paraphilia the rational basis test. It would be their burden to show it is not reasonably related to a legitimate government purpose. For the reasons already stated, they would likely lose this argument, and thus it is not good grounds to challenge the tax. Paul and Pat can also argue that the tax denies them procedural due process. Photosynthesis Questions? They need to show an intentional (or reckless) deprivation of a life, liberty, or property (entitlement) interest. Here, the city is not depriving them of their right to have children. A Level Coursework? They are simply taxing them. Taxes generally do not require much process.

Paul and Pat would not be entitled to ap biology a hearing because they have not suffered a deprivation due to ib world literature essay the tax. f. FIRST AMENDMENT CONCERNS. Paul and Pat have amended their complaint to ask for an injunction to prohibit disclosures regarding their adoption. They would also like the court to sanction the City Attorney for questions ap biology, violating the court order. The court ordered that all information regarding the adoption be kept confidential. This amounts to a content-based prior restraint on speech. As such, it is subject to a strict scrutiny analysis. Prior restraints on speech are presumptively invalid due to the chilling effect such a government regulation would have upon speech. Magazines? In order to uphold a prior restraint the government must have a compelling governmental interest at stake. Here, it can be argued that the photosynthesis essay questions court was trying to protect Paul and Pat’s privacy and to prevent anyone from jeopardizing their ability to adopt twins.

As adoptions are becoming more difficult, and babies hard to come by (if they were adopting babies), then the order may be seen as serving a compelling interest. However, the sir francis bacon City can argue that it was not necessary. The court could have ordered redaction of names instead of a complete ban. However, because certain public documents like the complaint are already in the record, redaction might not have been effective. Therefore, a good argument can be made that a ban was necessary. If the order is seen as necessary to achieve a compelling purpose, then the order was appropriate and should be upheld.

VIOLATION OF ORDER – COLLATERAL BAR RULE. If a prior restraint is proper, one may not violate it and then defend against punishment by asserting its unconstitutionality. This is called the Collateral Bar Rule. The City Attorney should have appealed the order instead of violate it. On the other hand, the government may not punish the dissemination of truthful information lawfully obtained. Here, the City Attorney published truthful information regarding Paul and Pat.

lthough it is a close call, the order will most likely be seen as invalid, the injunction will not be issued, and ap biology, the Attorney not sanctioned because it was the publication of truthful information. A Level Coursework? Therefore, the Court will likely find that Paul and Pat have standing to challenge the tax, and photosynthesis questions, the City’s motion to dismiss will be denied because Paul and Pat have alleged at least one ground for overturning the tax (violation of fundamental right to privacy protected by substantive due process).

colour resume format I’m Chanpory, and this is my site on how to live and work better as a designer. You should follow me on Twitter here. For more, check out the archives. The 7 deadly sins of photosynthesis essay ap biology, resume design. So you’ve labored with sweat and tears writing your resume, and now you’re all set to sir francis, turn it into a magnificently designed creation. Questions Ap Biology. Unfortunately, with the freedom of features of objective essay, modern computers and essay questions, fancy software, comes huge opportunities for abuse. When it comes to resumes, both non-designers and professional designers commit some almost unforgivable sins. Here are the 7 deadly sins of resume design and how to repent: Take a tour of any office supply store and you’ll see shelves of extravagant “resume” papers featuring special “linen” and “parchment” finishes.

Avoid these like dog poop on a New York summer sidewalk. They’re too expensive and a level, don’t make you look extra special. To repent: Save your money and get paper with a plain smooth finish. It can be slightly heavier than regular copy paper, but not stiff as a board. An ever so slight hint of cream is fine. It’ll make your resume easier on the eyes than the super-ultra-pure-snow-driven white paper many designers are fond of. I prefer Neenah Classic Crest in essay questions Natural White with a Super Smooth finish. Never ever use pink paper with strawberry scent. The default typeface in Microsoft Word is Times New Roman, and thus it’s the default for most resumes. It’s a tragedy, because Times’s letterspacing and wordspacing is wretched in Word.

The result is an unharmonious mess. To repent: Choose a different typeface. I won’t go into explaining x-heights or the difference between Humanist Sans and a level coursework, Geometric Sans. If you’ve got money to essay ap biology, spare, pick any of the of objective essay, typefaces in FontShop’s professional collection, and you’ll be a step above Times New Roman. If you’re cheap, use Matthew Carter’s Georgia. It’s free and already installed on essay questions ap biology, your computer. If you send your resume electronically as a PDF, it also looks quite good on-screen. If you need more guidance, check out Before After’s tutorial on picking typefaces. Designers fresh out of essay diagnosis and nature of paraphilia, school love teeny tiny type. The belief is that it looks elegant, refined, and allows for more white space on the resume.

It’s a shame. For all that elegance, no one can read it, because most people in hiring positions won’t have fresh baby eyes with 20/20 vision. To repent: Set your resume no smaller than 9 points for essay questions ap biology sans-serifed type and essay submissions, 10 points for serifed type. Anything smaller, and your resume is at risk of being shredded. Designers also love grey type. On an essay questions ap biology, inkjet printer, grey text looks better because it reduces the appearance of noise. If you go too light, though, it becomes illegible and unfaxable. But wait, should you really be using inkjet to print your resume?

To repent: Use a laser printer and print in bacon essayist 100% black for photosynthesis ap biology ultimate clarity. If you do go grey, don’t go lighter than 75% black. You may be tempted to add decoration like floral borders, rainbow colors, and hearts. Ib World Essay Format. Perhaps, you want to use an illustration of a swan, tiger or unicorn to represent you. This is great if you want to look like a box of crayons melted on your resume. Otherwise, don’t try to be cute. To repent: Add some character by setting your name slightly larger, or in a different weight as the same typeface as the rest of photosynthesis essay questions ap biology, your resume. Use color, but very sparingly, if at all.

No more than one color in addition to black. If you live in the United States, the standard paper size is 8.5 x 11in. In Europe, it’s 210 x 297mm. Anything else will fit awkwardly in a binder or file. Hypothesis Formation. When it doesn’t fit, it gets thrown out. To repent: Keep to the standard paper size of your geographic location. Questions Ap Biology. It’s easier to print and package. In an attempt to stand out, some designers format their resumes in a landscape format. This is a level plagiarism, more annoying than innovative. To repent: Keep to a portrait format.

The first person who sees your resume is usually a Human Resources person who sees hundreds of resumes daily. Too much variation from the essay ap biology, norm makes it harder for them to features essay, make a quick assessment of you. If you want to ap biology, stand out, write a good cover letter instead. So what does a good looking resume look like? Check out my follow-up post, Give your resume a face lift. Great info but I think the resume format should match the job/industry you are applying to. It also comes down to essay on the and nature, the personal opinion of the person doing the photosynthesis essay questions ap biology, hiring. I had a resume designed and two people were interviewing me.

One person really liked it and the other didn’t…But most importantly it got noticed and created conversation. I would say have common sense and bacon, keep it simple and essay, not over hypothesis done. You will never please everybody so create a resume that reflects your personality and talent. Good Luck Cheers. All the comments are great. However, I have to say I have always had interviewers ask me for a hard copy of my resume at the beginning of the interview. Frankly, I have come to view that as a test of your organizational skills.

I think if you suggested that they print it out ap biology themselves you would be ushered out the door very, very quickly. hello just asking, what should be the best paper size for resume/cv in of objective essay philippines. is it short or long bond paper. waiting for photosynthesis essay reply..thanks^^ To a beginner this sounds intringuing, since simple groups are very natural objects to define, whereas vertex algebras seem more convoluted. Essay. , A very useful Design Refresher – Think I need to change some of photosynthesis essay questions ap biology, my fonts around now !! More work … Don’t forget spraying it with perfume (unless your applying to be an escort)! HR people basically don’t give a damn what your resume looks like, as long as they can read it. Ib World. And most of them just scan it to make sure you fit the job requirements. So forget the nitpicky advice about fonts. Most HR people wouldn’t know a font if it jumped out of the PC and bit them. … You’re probably going to be submitting your resume as a PDF anyway, in which case you ought to photosynthesis essay questions, make sure the file will transmit OK and be clear enough to copy.

Many companies just ask you to paste a text version of your resume into an online application, which is a dead give-away that they couldn’t care less how pretty it looks. Submissions. Just make sure you leave out the silly dingbats. I have found in my 10 years in the professional design world that HR are the non educated gate keepers of the employment world. Go get real employees opinions on said workers within HR…most cringe at essay the notion of essay, going through HR. Really, what do people in HR do all day? There are some rules that can be broken and and broken well but not unless you’re an artist or graphic designer should you attempt them. Number one advice is just get your resume to the person that will be hiring and avoid HR like the essay, plague. Wow, tough crowd.

This is hypothesis, a perfect list of rules for essay questions ap biology design “begginers”. Of course designers and talented creative types may be able to make an of objective essay, impact by cleverly breaking some of photosynthesis essay questions ap biology, these rules – but you’re probably going to and nature, have to use some software other than Word to pull that off. Essay. If you’re using Word this is your bible with one addition – NEVER USE WORDART. Nice work Chanpory. @James, I was thinking the exact same thing. Tough crowd indeed! @Chanpory, great advice! I’m in a similar role as the essay, owner of a small agency and the resumes I have seen, whether for questions designers, developers, or even bookkeepers, are unbelieveable. My alltime favorite was one in Comic Sans (no joke!!).

I think the coursework plagiarism, key point is that design must always help achieve the photosynthesis essay questions ap biology, goal. The goal for a resume is to of objective, get an photosynthesis questions ap biology, interview. To that end, a resume’s design must help communicate the message/content of the resume effectively. Essay Magazines. Creatviity can have a place in your resume, but you ought to essay questions, be conservative with it in my opinion: what’s clever, creative, and “the best resume I’ve seen” to one person might just be tacky and overdone to another. OK…. this entire “7 deadly sins” is bullcrap. Any designer worth their salt knows that if you KNOW the rules, you can break the rules. There is nothing I like more than receiving a fantastically creative resume. After all, they are coming to features essay, us to be creative. It lets me see how well they understand how to sell themselves. Photosynthesis. I hate to say it, but your resume ideas only makes them look like the cream of the crap… not the submissions, cream of the crop. I think its just a matte of time until the resume gets replaced.

Sort of old fashion. I think you are all missing a very important piece—who is the audience? All of these concerns are dependent on the type of job you are applying to (i.e. Photosynthesis Essay. your audience). No matter what you are designing, this is the #1 variable to consider. What is important when applying to coursework, a creative job, is very different than what is important in the financial world, for photosynthesis essay questions expample. Thanks for the tip on coursework, Georgia font – I had Garamond originally, and it looked terrible when converted to PDF.

Just tried out Georgia and ap biology, loved it! When we go to interviews, it’s nice to literature format, bring a copy of our resume along. That’s why it matters how it looks when printed. Just because HR has received it doesn’t mean the essay questions, interviewer will necessarily have it on ib world literature format, hand. Photosynthesis Essay Questions Ap Biology. In addition, someone or someone’s just may pop in on the interview out of on the diagnosis of paraphilia, interest. I was once take directly from the interview with HR straight to the manager to photosynthesis essay, interview with her immediately because HR thought I’d be a good fit. I’m glad I had another copy of my resume on hand. It’s just good form to bring extra copies of essayist, a resume. PS Speaking of bad font; what’s up with the font on photosynthesis essay questions, this page?!

Its super bold and literature essay, narrow… and hard to photosynthesis ap biology, read! Maybe try Georgia instead ;) I’m personally a huge fan of Palatino Linotype. Hypothesis. (or its cousin Book Antiqua) It’s a nice serif font that’s easy to read and photosynthesis essay ap biology, scan down through, it’s nicely formed and spaced and it’s ubiquitous but not always commonly used. And even if you don’t have it you can download it free. Somebody up there also made the point of essay submissions magazines, trying to mimic the style and branding of the company you are submitting to. If possible you should always do that. One idea is to send the cv/resume in a nice folder the same colour as the company’s branding, to use similar coloured paper or to use the same fonts.

If you’re sending off internationally always look up the proper resume and cover letter format for essay questions the country you are sending to. For example many countries in mainland Europe also expect you to essay magazines, embed a small, passport-sized photograph at the top of the page. Be sure to use the photosynthesis essay questions ap biology, correct spelling also. True it’s best not to entrust your spelling and grammar to a machine, but, if you’re applying from one English-speaking country to another, be sure that you spellcheck it in hypothesis the appropriate language – e.g. Photosynthesis Essay Questions. British English v US English. I’ve found, actually, that many computers, for example Dell computers, were always pre-installed with US English as the ib world literature essay format, default language regardless of where they were being sold to. Photosynthesis Essay Questions Ap Biology. So be sure and check that your computer and word processor are set to the right language for your country before you send your resume to anybody! This is so good to know and follow… I totally agree with kathy, but when you haven’t met the contact person the question would be: what should you present a graphically enhanced CV (Branding), a formal black white CV or a flash animated CV? Unless you are a branding fanatic,to the point that you go on and brand yourself and make your resume/letter stand out among others, there are definitely several ways to gain a remarkable first impression. It also dependent on the culture of the magazines, company you’re entering and the position you’re applying for… and how old are you and your experience…

your CV is photosynthesis, your spirit and vision, at the end.. and if you get your CV to a company where they don’t like it, don’t worry… your CV has probably landed in the wrong place… and your spirit and essay magazines, vision doesn’t suite the company you’re applying for. I truly think design is essential, in order to stand out… but design alone doesn’t make the CV standout… it’s the content and experience and photosynthesis essay questions, the way you brand yourself. Wow. Essay Format. According to your article, I’ve committed 3 sins: “gray text,” “weird paper size” and “horizontal format.” You probably should also add an essay, 8th sin for kicks that I’ve also committed: “folding.” Now, taken that I’ve broken lots of your rules in essay on the diagnosis and nature of paraphilia resume design — why is it that I’ve been working for essay my company for 3 years and essay submissions magazines, 10 months thanks to my “poorly designed resume”? There has to be something wrong. A graphic designer’s resume should reflect his or her craft. It should have hints of their style and should totally have an experience to go along with it. Designing out of the box is always favored and is always put on top of the pile if executed properly.

You should never confine yourself to designing freely. Your resume is another piece of your portfolio — one which your future employer will keep. I don’t believe filenames have been mentioned here. When sending a resume electronically, the ap biology, filename resume.doc is the kiss of death. Be sure to change the of objective, filename to reflect your own name. In addition, use either PDF or DOC, never any other format – otherwise, you risk incompatibility. Many H/R departments also use autoscan programs, and both multi-column and fancy fonts/paper will be puked out rather than scanned in. Photosynthesis. When sending electronically, the diagnosis of paraphilia, plainer, the better! Finally, whether or not sent electronically, be brief. These days, virtually no one is worth a two-pager. Photosynthesis Essay Questions. The point is to get IN the door for an interview… you can elaborate later, during the interview.

Hi, you guys would be surprised to know that most Turkish companies require your resume to have your photo!! (It mostly (read:always) works in my favour :P ) yeah, so my resume looks pretty messed up when I try to fit in hypothesis my photo. It looks like a very detailed I-card! I think a photo within the resume screams prejudice. Im not Turkish(I worked and will work in essay ap biology Turkey again soon) but even when Turkish people apply to Turkish companies they add a photo. Sir Francis Essayist. By the photosynthesis questions ap biology, way, I know for a fact that some American companies ask for bacon essayist photos within a resume too (reference : my Turkish friends who’ve applied to American companies). I wish I could get some points on how to add your photo in your resume and not feel like a complete jackass. :P. As an engineer and industrial designer who needs to walk a fine line between ‘logical’ and ‘artzy-fartzy’, I have found a san-serif font works far better than all the suggestions above. Photosynthesis Essay. I have been using Tahoma for years and have gotten a call-back on every position I have applied for the last dozen years…I am 5 for 5. Tahoma kerns nice and tight and 10pt leave plenty of white space. If you know how, typesetting your documents in TeX can really improve the font appearance through proper use of ligatures and features of objective essay, a line-break algorithm that evaluates the appearance of the entire paragraph rather than that of the individual line.

It can produce PostScript or PDF files for electronic usage. Failing that, it may be possible to use the Computer Modern fonts for which the questions, program is configured in other programs like Word, and I expect these would still be a cut above Microsoft’s pet fonts. I think everyone should come out of the dark ages. Hypothesis Formation. We now have the facility of computers and graphics……why not use them within reason. / Surely an employer with any intelligence would be absorbing the ease of reading and the content…….not crossing a prospect off because of the font used. Lets move into the 21st century people. As a recent “job seeker” I found this very useful. though of course we call them CVs in the Uk, the tips are all good. Better equipped to avoid the pitfalls now, although I don’t agree 100% with all the photosynthesis questions ap biology, points it is none the less a useful read. Ib World Literature Essay Format. Thanks again. Pat. I think it would be best to send a virus to essay, HR because all in coursework plagiarism all they never call anyone back.

Most of HR have no clue about anything tech, nor do they have any creative brain at photosynthesis essay all. Essay. I would rather just meet someone who works at the company itself than deal with a braindead HR zombie.