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argumentative essay Sure, you’re a lover not a fighter. I am too. But that doesn’t mean that you can avoid writing your argumentative essay! Since you have to write an laptop dissertation, argumentative essay, you might as well learn how to write it well, right? I’ve said it time and i would a doctor - essay, time again—there’s nothing worse than staring at a blank page. Putting together an argumentative essay outline is the perfect way to turn your blank document into a ready-to-use template. Laptop. All you have to do is fill in the blanks! In this blog post, I’m going to share with you how to create an course, argumentative essay outline. At the end, I’ll give you a downloadable skeleton outline you can use to get started.

Structure of the laptop Argumentative Essay Outline. That’s not so bad! There’s really nothing to be afraid of. Like To Become - Essay. Here’s how your argumentative essay outline would look if you turned it into a pretty picture: Each of these four sections requires some important elements. Let’s break those down now. Argumentative Essay Outline Section 1: Your Intro. Your introduction is where you lay the foundation for laptop your impenetrable argument.

It’s made up of a hook, background information, and a thesis statement. Thesis Human. 1. Hook. Laptop Dissertation. Your first sentence is comprised of a “hook.” Don’t know what a hook is? A hook is essay course a sentence that grabs your reader’s attention just like a good Jackie Chan movie grabs the attention of a martial arts fan. Let’s say I’m writing an argumentative essay about why American people should start eating insects. My hook could be, “For those interested in improving their diets and the environment, say ‘goodbye’ to eating chicken, fish, and beef and ‘hello’ to laptop eating silk worms, crickets, and caterpillars.” If you’re having trouble coming up with a good hook, I recommend reading my blog post How to Write Good Hook Sentences. 2. Background information. The next part of comparing, your intro is dedicated to offering some detailed background information on your topic. Try answering the following questions: What is the issue at hand? Who cares? Where is this issue prevalent?

Why is it important? For example, “Insects are abundant, nutritious, and laptop, environmentally sustainable. Currently, people in the United States shun the idea of eating insects as part of their diets, favoring instead less nutritious and environmentally destructive food options, such as beef and pork. The UN recently issued a statement calling for more world citizens to personal childhood education embrace the many benefits of eating insects.” 3. Thesis. Your thesis typically makes up the last sentence of your intro paragraph.

This is where you clearly state your position on the topic and give a reason for your stance. For example, “A diet of insects can help fix problems related to starvation, obesity, and climate change, and laptop dissertation, therefore, United States citizens should learn to rely on a variety of insects over chicken, beef, and phone are dangerous, fish as their main source of protein and nutrition.” Notice the word “should” in my thesis statement? Using this word makes it clear I’m taking a stance on the argument. You’ll also notice that my thesis statement sets up the laptop three claims I’m going to expand on later: a diet of insects can help fix problems related to starvation, obesity, and thesis human management, climate change. Let’s talk about dissertation adding those claims to our argumentative essay outline now. Argumentative Essay Outline Section 2: Developing Your Argument. Comparing Poem. Now that you have filled in the general points of your topic and laptop, outlined your stance in the introduction, it’s time to develop your argument. In my sample outline, I show three claims, each backed by college, three points of evidence. Offering three claims is dissertation just a suggestion; you may find that you only have two claims to make, or four. The exact number of claims you choose to include doesn’t matter (unless, of poem essays, course, your teacher has given you a specific requirement).

What matters is that you develop your argument as thoroughly as possible. Dissertation. 1. Cell Are Dangerous. What is a claim? A claim is a statement you make to support your argument. For example, “Bugs are highly nutritious and eating them can fix the problem of dissertation, hunger and malnutrition in the United States.” Great! So I’ve made my claim. But who’s going to believe me? This is where evidence comes into philosophy of early childhood education, play.

2. What is laptop dissertation evidence? For each claim you make, you need to comparing essays provide supporting evidence. Evidence is laptop factual information from reliable sources. It is not personal knowledge or anecdotal. For example, “Researchers at poem, the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United States state that ‘Termites are rich in protein, fatty acids, and other micronutrients. Fried or dried termites contain 32–38 percent proteins.’“ My outline shows three pieces of evidence to laptop dissertation support each claim, but you may find that each claim doesn’t necessarily have three pieces of evidence to back it. Once again, the exact number doesn’t necessarily matter (unless your teacher has given you instructions), but you need enough evidence to make your claim believable. Once you have gathered your evidence to support your claims, it’s time to add the to become next important element of your argumentative essay outline: refuting your opponents’ arguments.

Let’s talk about that now. Argumentative Essay Outline Section 3: Refuting Opponents’ Arguments. In this section, you state your opponents’ views and then offer a rebuttal. Laptop. For example, “Opponents of poem, insect eating from the laptop Beef Council of America say that it is too difficult and time consuming to catch crickets, so it is not easy to gather enough food for a meal, whereas a cow is large and of early childhood, contains a lot of meat for many meals.” Oh diss! We know the Beef Council just wants us to keep eating McD’s hamburgers and dissertation, skip the cricket soup. Personal Statement. (By the way—I just made that up. The Beef Council did not say that. In your essay, make sure to use real facts.) Now it’s time to set the opponents straight with a refutation that is full of dissertation, hard evidence and that will bring them to personal statement of early childhood education their knees.

For example, “According to researchers Cerritos and Cano-Santana, the best time to dissertation harvest crickets is to catch them in the hour just before sunrise when they are least active. What’s more, it is easy to develop the infrastructure to farm crickets in a way that is resource management more sustainable than cattle farming.” Booyah! The Beef Council has been served (crickets). Once you have refuted your opponents’ viewpoints, it’s time to sail to the finish line with your conclusion. Argumentative Essay Outline Section 4: Conclusion. In your conclusion, you are going to laptop dissertation accomplish two important tasks. 1. Restate the importance of your issue. I Would To Become - Essay. Similar to laptop dissertation what you did in your introduction, you want to restate why this topic is critical.

For example, “Simply by incorporating insects into their diets, U.S. citizens can improve the sustainability and nutrition of the comparing poem American diet.” 2. Paint a picture of the world if your argument is (or is laptop not) implemented. Poem Essays. In the final part of your conclusion, make your audience think about the ramifications of your argument. Dissertation. What would happen if people started eating insects as a staple of their diets? For example, “The world would be a better place if more people ate insects as a part of their diets. Fewer people would go hungry, more people would get the vitamins, minerals, and micronutrients they need to college essay live healthy lifestyles, and our planet would be relieved of the laptop burden of an cell phone essay, unsustainable food system. Dissertation. Closing with a clear picture of the world as you would like it to be can leave your reader convinced that your argument is valid. Download the Argumentative Essay Outline Template. Download this skeleton Argumentative Essay Outline to get started. Before you go off into essay, the sunset and use my outline template, make sure that you are following the guidelines specific to laptop your course. While this is a pretty standard outline, there are other ways to outline your argumentative essay. If you’re interested in learning more about argumentative essays, I suggest reading The Secrets of a Strong Argumentative Essay.

Want even more knowledge? Check out this argumentative essay infographic! If you’re looking for some ideas, check out these argumentative essay examples. When you have your argumentative essay and outline ready to go, you can always have one of our awesome editors give it a second look. Comparing. Psst. 98% of dissertation, Kibin users report better grades! Get inspiration from over 500,000 example essays. About the Author. Naomi Tepper is a former Kibin editor, the former content manager for the Kibin blog, and forever a word nerd.

wow this was really help full. Super! I#8217;m really happy to help. #128578; Hi I have a 20 minute presentation to do on the history of cognitive-behaviour therapy. Don#8217;t know where to essay writing begin. Is this the laptop dissertation same as doing an argument. This sounds more like an expository essay. An expository essay (or presentation in your case) has the goal of informing the audience on a specific topic. I Would A Doctor. Usually you don#8217;t take an argumentative stance for or against dissertation these topics.

For more information on expository writing visit: https://www.kibin.com/essay-writing-blog/how-to-write-an-expository-essay/ hi i need some help on an argument . The topic is internet a guide or a distraction. i hope u can help. Do you think the statement of early childhood internet is a guide or a distraction? I would suggest writing a thesis statement like this: You could focus on laptop arguing for the internet: #8220;The internet is a useful guide as shown by evidence 1, evidence 2, and evidence 3.#8221; OR you could focus on arguing against the internet: #8220;The internet is an annoying distraction as shown by writing course, evidence 1, evidence 2, and laptop, evidence 3.#8221; OR, and this is the best option, you could focus on arguing how to best use the internet: #8220;The internet can be both a useful guide as shown by evidence 1 and evidence 2, but it can also be an annoying distraction as shown by evidence 3 and evidence 4. It is important to set personal limits on web use including solution 1, solution 2, and solution 3.#8221; Personal limits could include things such as limiting yourself to viewing only specific websites during work/study hours, limiting overall time online, and other things like that! Hi Liz, well first you need to pick a side. What do you think? Should they have their licenses revoked? Then you need to come up with a few reasons for why you think this. Can you find any examples of how this tactic has worked (or hasn#8217;t worked).

What about people who lose their licenses for other (criminal) reasons, is this type of punishment effective? Why or why not? Come up with approx three claims to support your side. Find some evidence to support your claims. Lay out how each of the two authors approach the essay topic of the dissertation Crusades. What do they have in common? What is different? Super happy to help! thank you so much for this! You are welcome so much! Thanks for cell are dangerous reading. #128578; Hi, I am writing an argumentative essay on freedom of speech rights and the 1st amendment and dissertation, I have two sides of the phone are dangerous argument. I am for freedom of speech if it doesn#8217;t harm other people and I have some cases where the supreme court are avoiding the laws stated in the amendment but I#8217;m on the court#8217;s side of restricting inappropriate speech in a school environment.

How should I start out my argument? I think you need to combine your two perspectives into one focused argument. Do you, perhaps, want to argue that inappropriate speech in a school environment is actually harmful to laptop other people? That way, it falls into your first argument (pro-free speech as long as it#8217;s not harmful) quite nicely. Essay Writing. Good luck! it has helped a lot #8230;#8230; great work. Laptop. Thanks! Glad you liked it. #128578; Thank you very much :)) You are welcome! Thanks for reading #128578; HI, I am writing an argumentative essay on philosophy statement childhood education how different governments should provide additional funding to laptop dissertation increase awareness of bachelor human resource, human trafficking, prevent human trafficking, and help victims who have been trafficked. I am not sure where to start from. Hisome of these example essays on human trafficking may give you ideas on how to get started: https://www.kibin.com/essay-examples/search/human%20trafficking.

Hi, I am writing an argumentative essay on how is social media like Facebook or Twitter beneficial or harmful to laptop dissertation its users? I am not sure how to start from fucking there. Hi Rosie you might find inspiration on laptop how to get started by reviewing some of i would like a doctor - essay, these example essays on social media: https://www.kibin.com/essay-examples/search/social%20media. Laptop. Hi, i was wondering if in the conclusion of the essay you need to personal philosophy statement childhood end it with a question, something for laptop dissertation the reader to continue to think about after reading or is it unnecessary? Great question! Asking a larger question is fucking definitely one great conclusion technique. Some teachers/profs really like this, while others prefer that you tie everything up with a neat little bow. I recommend you check out laptop this post on the topic of conclusions: https://www.kibin.com/essay-writing-blog/essay-conclusion/ This helped a lot!

Thanks, love how its broken down. College Essay Writing. I have a question though. Laptop. Should the conclusion have its own paragraph or can I include the conclusion with opponents argument? I definitely recommend giving your conclusion its own paragraph. You don#8217;t want to leave your readers hanging on to just your opponent#8217;s argument! You can learn more about writing conclusions in this post: https://www.kibin.com/essay-writing-blog/essay-conclusion/ Helped me to fucking help my students #128578; I was wondering if you can show a sample essay with these elements in use? Thank you #128578; Awesome! I love to hear that.

That#8217;s a really great idea#8230; and one that I intend to laptop implement in bachelor thesis management upcoming blog posts. Laptop. However, at this time I don#8217;t readily have access to a knock out example. Naomi. HELP. I am having a hard time with my argumentative research essay on fucking drug testing to dissertation receive state benefits a.e. T.A.N.F, food stamps.. I#8217;m getting so frustrated and I dont have any idea where to bachelor thesis management begin..

I found it very useful! Thanks a lot #128512; You#8217;re welcome a lot! Thanks for reading. #128578; thanks helped me a lot luv your work 3. Dissertation. can u do a website on management argumentiv wtiting starters plz im a begener. OMG. THX so much this helped a ton.

You are so welcome! Thanks for reading. Dissertation. #128578; You#8217;re welcome! Wow that#8217;s a great idea for like to become a doctor - essay an essay. Very intriguing. is this guide ok for an eight grader test. Yasss#8230;This blog is reliable#8230;Thanks ? Woot! Glad you like it. #128578; I#8217;m happy to laptop hear it. #128578; Thanks for your comment.

I have to write an argumentative. research essay about the career of my choice, which is sports marketing. I#8217;m not sure what type of arguments I need to make. Am I defending my choice of careers? Am I talking about essay course it#8217;s importance in the world? It#8217;s just something I am interested in laptop dissertation so I am not sure how to write an argumentative paper about it. I have to write an argumentative research essay about the career of my choice, which is sports marketing. I#8217;m not sure what type of arguments I need to make. Am I defending my choice of phone, careers? Am I talking about dissertation it#8217;s importance in the world? It#8217;s just something I am interested in so I am not sure how to write an argumentative paper about it. Hi thereI#8217;d double check your assignment for clues on of early childhood how to approach this.

If there really aren#8217;t any additional clues, I would go with your first instinct to defend your choice of careers. Why are you interested? Is the pay worth it? What makes you cut out for this career in particular? A thesis statement might look like: Sports marketing is the laptop perfect career choice for poem essays me as it will allow me to laptop dissertation use my strengths in XYZ, make a decent income, all while keeping me interested and engaged. Then use the rest of your essay to bachelor human resource management fill out those key points. Thanks!

That#8217;s helpful. Here#8217;s what the laptop assignment says: #8220;In your argumentative research essay, you will a) conduct research about a successful and like to become - essay, realistic career of laptop, your choice, b) use this research and accompanying commentary and rhetoric to create an argument that you will eventually present and comparing, defend to dissertation a group of peers. This assignment serves to create a foundation for personal statements, resumes and CVs, and even interviews in which you will be asked about your chosen career path and its significance to thesis human management you. The evidence you collect during your research should support and justify your pursuit of any given career.#8221; Do you think I will be on track if I use your suggested thesis? YesI do. You#8217;ll also want to find some hard facts and statistics to laptop dissertation support your claims. For example, dig up how much it will cost for you to get your degree and weigh that against your potential income. Cell Are Dangerous. You#8217;ll want to start with a clear thesis statement. I assume that when you say you are pro-Hungary this means that you feel the country shouldn#8217;t be required to dissertation accept refugees? If so, your thesis statement might look something like this: Hungary should not be required to accept Syrian refugees because of reason 1, reason 2, and reason 3. Orif you think the country should help. You would start with a thesis like this: Hungary should be required to accept Syrian refugees because of reason 1, reason 2, and reason 3. Comparing Poem. Glad to help!

Thanks for your comment. Hi ! I need help in writing a good thesis statement on the advantages and disadvantages of using a cell phone. Laptop Dissertation. Please help. I need to submit it on thursday. Plz Plz help. This one is pretty straightforward.

You can frame it like this: Cell phone use has many advantages such as A, and B, but some disadvantages such as C. Or you could flip it: Cell phone use has many disadvantages such as A, and B, but some advantages such as C. Fill in cell phone are dangerous A, B, and laptop dissertation, C with your actual research. Thank you so much Naomi. This is fucking a great help. Hi ! I need to write a thesis statement on the topic, #8216;Element of hamartia in Hamlet, Love song of J Alfred and Agamemnon. Laptop Dissertation. I need a thesis statement on statement of early childhood education this. Dissertation. I have written Unable to take the correct decision at the right time can lead to a tragic end. To be able to make that correct decision one must have the confidence otherwise it can have a tragic end as it happened to the protagonists in Hamlet, Agamemnon and The Love song of J. Alfred. Do you think this is ok, if not can you help me please in thesis resource writing a good thesis statement.

Thank you. I think you have the right idea, but your version is dissertation unclear and a bit repetitive. How about fucking this edit? Being unable to make the right decision at dissertation, the right time can lead to a tragic end, which is exactly what happened to i would like to become - essay the protagonists in Hamlet, Agamemnon, and laptop, The Love song of J. Alfred. Thank you Naomi so very much. This is great. Philosophy Childhood Education. I can go ahead now. You#8217;re welcome, Rachel! First you#8217;ll need to come up with a thesis statement.

For example: Public schools should be divided by laptop, sex because of reason 1, reason 2, and reason 3. Then choose reasons that you can support with evidence from college writing your research. Dissertation. this really works thanks. Glad it worked for you, Rose! Thanks for your comment. Poem. Thanks but I#8217;m having trouble coming up with a good topic that is strong and worthy to be argued but not boring. I want to dissertation do something that isn#8217;t a popular topic like is poem essays texting and laptop, driving bad anu advice. Cell Phone Are Dangerous Essay. thank you so much. I have to write an argumentative essay on laptop dissertation Poverty and Illiteracy. I have already looked up my citations. But I don#8217;t know how to break down my citations.

Could you help me please? I#8217;m not sure whether you need to write APA, MLA, or some other type of to become - essay, citation, but I have some blog posts that can help: MLA is how I need to write it. Oh lordy this blog is ammmaaazzzinnnng. Why thank you! I appreciate you readinnnnnng! can you send me your project on my email [emailprotected] Ikr like wowww #8230;I am so grateful to reach up on it. can u send me your project on my email [emailprotected] . I#8217;m supposed to create an dissertation, argumentative essay that Rome was a superior society to Han China.

Thank you so much. I think this is writing course super helpful. Laptop. Now my next problem is if I can fit it all onto one page. To Become A Doctor - Essay. (That#8217;s the laptop dissertation limit our teacher gave us. he wants to fucking see if we can make brief statements that speak many words with little words written) Funnyis that a common assignment this month? You#8217;re not the first student to ask me about this Romans v Hans. A topic that large is dissertation going to be very difficult to explore in a single pagebut hey, it#8217;s a good exercise in fucking concision. In any caseat the risk of sounding sales-ythe Kibin editing team is really good at meticulously cutting an essay down to size if you end up going over that one-page limit. You can learn more about laptop our editing service here: https://www.kibin.com/essay-editing-proofreading. I really don#8217;t understand the refuting part.

When you refute something, you take your opponent#8217;s argument and rip it to shreds. So for example, say your opponent#8217;s biggest argument is writing that Donald Trump is the best candidate for U.S. president, you could counter that argument by pointing out laptop dissertation that he has zero experience in politics. hello again. I don#8217;t know if you got my resent reply but I was trying to ask and see if you could give me a little advice on some good resources involving work laws for teens. This is really helped a lot. I was able to do my argumentative essay after reading this. It also explained clearly what I was looking for.

Thank you! 3. You are so welcome! Glad to phone help. Dissertation. #128578; thanks a lot! this helped me create my english paper! Sweet! Love to hear that. #128578; Thank you so much. You saved my last semester of college! (From a French canadian currently having English Classes) Hey! Thanks for the great comment. You really made my day! I wish you the very best in your English classes.

Woot! Happy to help. I Would Like A Doctor. #128578; Fantastic! So happy to hear it. #128578; I#8217;m writing about laptop functionalism and Weberianism. Compare and contrast them and poem essays, discuss briefly how concepts from the laptop dissertation two theories contribute to the knowledge of health practitioners. Fucking. Please hook me up!! Love this blog. What email address I can sent my essay to get fix? And how long do I have to laptop dissertation wait to get it back. Thank you.

Hi Trinh Le, I love that you love it. Cell Phone Are Dangerous Essay. #128578; Thanks for the comment. Dissertation. To have an essay edited, please visit us here: https://www.kibin.com/essay-editing-proofreading. Our editors can have your essay back in as few as 3 hours (depending on word count). Phone Are Dangerous Essay. I#8217;m in love with this blog. I was totally dreading the argumentative essay outline but now I#8217;m kind of pumped thanks to your (absolutely hilarious) examples! Awesome!

I love hearing this. Writing can be fun as long as you don#8217;t actively dread it. #128578; THANK YOU SO MUCH PLEASE WISH ME LUCK FOR MY ENGLISH EXAM TOMORROW SINCE ARGUMENTATIVE IS GOING TO BE INCLUDED IN THE EXAM TOMORROW I SHOULD#8217;VE ADD THE EVIDENCE FOR THE CLAIM HAHAHAHA O??? Thanks for reading! #128578; This saved my life. Thank you so much! Sweet! Happy to be a lifesaver. I need this argumentative essay for tmm#8230; if crickets should be added to laptop lunch school I need a sting essay I#8217;m in 11 grade my opinion is yes crickets should be added.

Hi there, the outline in phone are dangerous essay this post should help you a lot! As for your thesis statement, you could write something like: Crickets should be added to dissertation the school lunch menu because they are both nutritious and personal of early childhood education, inexpensive. For the laptop dissertation rest of your essay, talk about how you know they are nutritious and inexpensive (hint, do your research!). I never understood the way my teacher taught this until I found this blog. It has helped me write a better argumentative essay.

Thanks. You#8217;re welcome! Thanks for like reading. #128578; Awesome! I love to hear feedback like this. Thanks for reading! Thanks a lot mate helped me so much. Super! Happy to help. You#8217;re super welcome! Happy to help. Laptop. Thank You sooo much for this blog.

This has given me a chance to i would to become - essay structure my assignment even better. THANKS xx. Thanks so much for reading! Happy to help. I#8217;m writing about functionalism and Weberianism. Dissertation. Compare and poem, contrast them and discuss briefly how concepts from the two theories contribute to the knowledge of health practitioners. Please hook me up!! Your topic is laptop a bit over my head, but you may be able to get the creative juices flowing by using our compare/contrast thesis statement generator: https://www.kibin.com/thesis-builder/compare-contrast-topic. You#8217;re welcome! Thanks for reading. My name is Haley and i have to do an fucking, argumentative essay for LA and my topic is#8230;#8230;..In what situations, if any, does a woman have a right to an abortion? what should i put as a hook?

The hook you choose will definitely depend on your stance on the topic. If your paper is pro-choice, you could start with a shocking statistic about the number of women who go through illegal/dangerous abortions during times and places where abortion is illegal. If your paper is pro-life, you might start with an emotional appeal about the laptop dissertation life of an unborn fetus being cut short. This is very helpful. I was having trouble getting started on writing but now I feel a lot more confident in my subject. Bachelor Human Resource Management. Thanks for the breakdown. Happy you found it useful. Thanks for dissertation reading!

Glad to hear that! M hving trouble with introduction on smoking restriction. Fucking. Can you help me with introducing on laptop smoking restriction topic and thesis as well. I#8217;m going to assume that you are taking a stance in favor of smoking restriction. A hook would be a shocking statistic about the college essay health risks of laptop dissertation, secondhand smoke to non-smokers. Here is like - essay a good source to get you started: http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/secondhand_smoke/general_facts/ A thesis statement framework might look like this: Smoking restrictions are critical to public health due to dissertation reason 1, reason 2, and reason 3. Philosophy Statement. You might also try our thesis statement builder: https://www.kibin.com/thesis-builder. Dissertation. Naomi! youre amazing! this has really clarified this topic for me. thank you! Well, thank you, Neil!

This comment was a great way to phone are dangerous essay start my Friday. #128578; Wow, this is really good. Dissertation. I have been reading about academic reading and writing every day for to become - essay 9 wks. I have to write a 1200-1500 word argumentative essay for my 1st university assessment. This is by far the most helpful article I have read. Laptop Dissertation. Well done and thanks. College Course. Heaps. Fantastic! Happy to help. I have to dissertation write a argumentative essay and the topic is: Should Homeland security and the CIA treat terrorist better? Aren#8217;t they people too? I#8217;m not sure what exactly im suppose to do or how to start it. thank you ms.Naomi that was really helpful.

Do you add in a rebuttal for comparing each of your points?? That is certainly one way to approach an argumentative essay. Take an opponent#8217;s view on dissertation each of your arguments and then crush it with your rebuttal. I Would Like To Become A Doctor - Essay. Or, if you follow the outline I gave you in this post, just include a section to crush one or two common opponent arguments. Laptop Dissertation. Thank you, this was very helpful and in the same time funny! good way to bachelor thesis make interesting!! This was very helpful, but I still have some hesitation, my last important paper is an laptop, Argumentative Research, and this will be my first one. I already have a thesis chosen and I#8217;m just kinda confuse about what facts I need to collect, but its just getting information that will back up my thesis,correct? Hi thereyes, as long as you have a good defendable thesis, you should be able to find sources to support your stance.

Here is a blog post about making sure your sources are credible: https://www.kibin.com/essay-writing-blog/apply-craap-test-essay-sources/ Thanks for answering but I#8217;m having a difficult time trying to find and discern what will be helpful in my paper. Fucking. My paper being about Human Rights specifically Minority/Indigenous Rights. This was so helpful! But, I do have a couple of dissertation, questions. Is there a secret to writing a killer hook? What is the best way to state your claim in the introduction? You might need to bachelor thesis human resource also read these posts: Thank you so much for the helpful info. I definitely owe a get out of dissertation, jail free card. Awesome, I could definitely use it. #128578; Seriously very usefull tips i like it #128578; How many paragraphs is this?

The argumentative essay outline is 6 paragraphs as it stands, but you can definitely alter it to suit your purposes by adding or subtracting body paragraphs as needed. Cell Phone Are Dangerous. Usually your hook sentence is dissertation separate from fucking your thesis statement. The hook is the first sentence in laptop the intro paragraph, while your thesis statement is typically the last sentence in this paragraph. I Would Like To Become. Sometimes you will add some background information too. So an intro is Hook-background info-thesis statement. Here#8217;s a revision of dissertation, your sentence: ADD A HOOK SENTENCE OR TWO HERE. We live in 21st century, and many gender roles are outdated and shouldn#8217;t affect our lives in the ways they did before. Fucking. One of these outdated gender roles is the idea that only boys can ask girls outgirls should be able to ask boys out laptop too. this is very useful#8230; but I can not write argument for my research paper (my topic is the essays racism in america and how effect to people ) can you help me , please. Racism in America is a huge problem and a huge topic.

I think your first step is to narrow your research focus. First, which specific problem of racism will you be looking at? Racism against a particular minority group? In a specific region or city? Are there studies that show the effects in these groups and regions? What are some common findings/themes? Here is another post specifically about laptop writing a research paper: https://www.kibin.com/essay-writing-blog/how-to-write-a-research-paper/ This blog is Amazing! Very helpful! But my question is that did you really have to use #8220;eating insects#8221; example? I was having a hot n sour soup while reading this. Ha!

I#8217;m so sorry to have ruined your supper. #128578; I think I was inspired to write this post after a bug flew into my mouth while I was riding my bike to work#8230; nutty and a bit bitter. Thanks for reading! This is absolutely incredible! I greatly admire your work and accomplishment! I am a teacher that is writing a textbook with Creative Commons licensing for my school district using CK-12 as the platform. With all due respect, I would really love to speak with you about possibly including some of the information on the Kibin site, particularly this post, as a properly attributed contribution to my 6th Grade Reading Language Arts textbook. If you would not mind getting in contact with me, my email is [emailprotected] or simply reply to this comment. @naomi_tepper:disqus. Hi AlishaThanks for your kind comment.

I#8217;m totally in favor of you using the content from this post in your textbook with attribution. Best of luck on this very important project, and essays, if you need to discuss, you can easily reach me at [emailprotected] You#8217;re going to laptop dissertation have to take a stance for or against school uniforms and offer credible evidence to support your stance. I#8217;d suggest reading this post on college course how to laptop write a thesis statement : https://www.kibin.com/essay-writing-blog/how-to-write-a-thesis-statement/ Thank you for personal philosophy statement of early writing all these helpful hints! I#8217;m currently writing one for college with the dissertation topic of legalizing lane splitting for motorcycles. I just finished writing found your blog which is helping me make sure I did everything correctly #128578; thank you!!

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Hume on Miracles, Frequencies, and Prior Probabilities (1998) Bertrand Russell was reportedly once asked what he would say to God if he were to find himself confronted by the Almighty about why he had not believed in God's existence. He said that he would tell God Not enough evidence, God, not enough evidence![1] But perhaps, if God failed to give Russell enough evidence, it was not God's fault. We are inclined to suppose that God could satisfy Russell by performing a spectacular miracle for Russell's benefit. But if the laptop, reasoning in David Hume's epistemological argument against belief in miracles [2] is correct, then no matter how hard God tries, God cannot give Russell an evidentially justified belief in Himself by performing miracles.

According to Hume, no matter what miracles God performs, it is always more reasonable to believe that the event in comparing, question has a natural cause and is not miraculous. Hence, if Russell needs a miracle to believe reasonably in God, then Russell is out of luck. Russell cannot complain about God's failure to provide evidence, since none would be sufficient. But God cannot complain about Russell's failure to believe. Hume's argument is actually directed against testimony-based belief in laptop dissertation, the miraculous, although others have extended the statement education, argument to laptop dissertation, the case of miracles directly experienced.[3] It proceeds by two steps. Fucking. The first step is an argument for the claim that the antecedent probability of an event's occurrence diminishes the credibility of testimony to laptop, it. That is, we must not only consider the credibility of the testifier, but also the antecedent probability of that which is testified to. The second step in Hume's argument is college essay, a defense of his claim that the miraculous nature of a purported event makes its antecedent probability as small as could possibly be imagined; that any combination of natural events, however antecedently improbable, is antecedently more probable than a scenario involving supernatural intervention. Laptop. If this argument is comparing, successful, then Hume has successfully impugned the rationality of anyone (including millions of Christians who believe in the resurrection of Jesus) who believes that a miracle has occurred.

In recent years, several attempts have been made to bring considerations based on laptop Bayes' theorem to bear on Hume's essay.[4] But while Bayesian theory explains clearly how one goes from an antecedent probability to phone, a subsequent probability, Bayesian theory is not so clear on how one establishes prior probabilities in the first place. Some Bayesians have attempted to defend a view that says that prior probabilities can and must be based on laptop the frequency with which event-types occur in experience. This model of prior probabilities, I contend, is implicit within Hume's argument against i would to become a doctor - essay, miracles. But this theory of prior probabilities is fraught with difficulties and, I contend, cannot be accepted. Without a frequentist foundation for his antecedent probability claims, Hume's argument against miracles collapses. II. Antecedent Probabilities in Hume's Essay.

Hume's argument against laptop, miracles makes its case against comparing poem, miracles on the grounds 1) that one must consider the antecedent probability of the event reported as well as the credibility of the dissertation, reporter, and fucking, 2) that miracles, as violations natural law, are less probable than any set of natural events required to dissertation, explain the known facts. The first of these principles is elucidated by Hume as follows: When anyone tells me, that he saw a dead man restored to life, I immediately consider with myself, whether it be more probable, that this person should either deceive or be deceived, or that the fact, which he relates, should have really happened. I weigh the one miracle against bachelor thesis human management, the other; and according to the superiority, which I discover, I pronounce my decision, and always reject the greater miracle. If the falsehood of the testimony would be more miraculous, than the event which he relates; then, and not till then, can he pretend to command my belief or opinion.[5] Now I think this passage makes a somewhat question-begging identification of improbability with miraculousness,[6] but it seems commonsensical. I do not accept everything from the same source with equal assurance. If one of the tabloids were to say that Marcia Clark and laptop dissertation, Christopher Darden were secretly engaged, I would be rather skeptical of the report, coming from such a source. Fucking. But I would be far more certain that any report, in that same tabloid, to the effect that Nicole Brown Simpson rose from the dead and was planning to testify in court could not possibly be true.

Hume quotes a saying, I would not believe such a story if it were told to me by laptop dissertation, Cato,[7] which captures this point nicely. Clearly, in common sense reasoning, the essay course, intrinsic incredibility of an dissertation, event can overthrow the testimony of otherwise credible witnesses. But when one attempts to develop this idea into mathematical probability theory, one must avoid untoward consequences, and Hume simply did not possess the cell are dangerous, mathematical sophistication to accomplish this. If the theory of laptop probabilistic inference he himself presents in Of Miracles is taken literally, it has the consequence that if the Arizona Republic were to report that I won the lottery, you should disbelieve the report, because my chance of cell essay winning the lottery is less than the dissertation, percentage of erroneous reports by the Republic. But surely this is implausible. The development of Bayes' theorem allows a person to factor in the antecedent probability of an event's occurrence without being forced by one's theory to reject such things as newspaper reports of lottery victories. According to Bayes' Theorem: Bayes' theorem isolates three factors: the prior probability of the hypothesis (in this case, that a miracle has occurred) given background knowledge, the probability of the evidence (in this case testimony) given both the fucking, hypothesis and background knowledge, and dissertation, the probability of the evidence given background knowledge alone. So, to apply Bayes' theorem to a piece of testimonial evidence, we need to ask 1) how antecedently probably the phone, event testified to laptop dissertation, is, 2) how likely it would be for this piece of testimony to be put forward given the fact that the hypothesis is true, and 3) how likely this piece of testimony would be regardless of whether the essays, hypothesis is true or not.

An antecedently improbable event can be strongly supported by testimonial evidence if it is highly probable that the event would not be testified to if it did not occur and laptop, would be testified to if it did occur. We can see how Bayes' theorem can handle reports of lottery victories. Like A Doctor - Essay. It is true that, in a million-person lottery in which each person enters but once, each person has a one-in-a-million chance of winning that lottery. Laptop Dissertation. But one's chance of being reported the winner of the lottery is about as great as one's chance of winning the lottery; in philosophy childhood education, fact, lottery victories are typically reported just in case lottery victories occur. P(h/k) (the likelihood that someone won a lottery) may be low in these cases, but p(e/k) (the likelihood that this person would be reported as the lottery winner) is also equally low.

But in laptop dissertation, the case of miracles, these are often falsely reported, sometimes even by otherwise credible witnesses. So Hume's suspiciousness of miracle reports seems justified, in poem, that one must carefully consider the prior improbability of the miracle report and laptop, accept the report only philosophy of early childhood if accepting the miracle would be accepting a lesser improbability than rejecting the laptop, claim and believing that this miracle was falsely reported. III. The Prior Improbability of Miracles. So far, so Humean. But while our argument so far would lead us to reject many miracle reports, it hardly suffices to show that a reasonable person will reject all such reports. All we have shown is that if p(h/k) is phone essay, sufficiently low, then this factor can require us to disbelieve the miracle report even when p (e/h k) is high.

What it does not do is show that p(h/k) is, or ought to be, always sufficiently low that no matter how high p(e/h k) is and dissertation, how low p(e/k) is, belief in the hypothesis that a miracle has occurred will always be unjustified. We can imagine testimony of any finite strength; it is always possible to add more and comparing essays, more independent witnesses, give them almost lethal doses of truth drugs, make denying the miracle very rewarding and make affirming it very painful or lethal, etc. In order to laptop, guarantee that disbelief in miracles will always be rational, it is necessary that the prior probability of comparing essays their occurrence be zero. Or, if not zero, at least very, very, very low. And it is quite true that, for many individuals, miracles are not quite that hard to believe in. So we need an argument for step 2, explaining why miracles should be given a zero or near-zero probability. And indeed Hume provides one:

A miracle is a violation of the laws of nature, and as a firm and unalterable experience has established these laws, the proof against a miracle, from the very nature of the fact, is as entire as could possibly be imagined.[8] Now the concept of a miracle as a violation of the laws of nature has its problems, but if an event did not contradict our naturalistic expectations, we would not be inclined to look for a supernatural cause for it. One may say the birth of a baby is a miracle, but one does not mean to suggest that births so contradict naturalistic expectation that we should perhaps consider the possibility that they occur by divine intervention. But Hume points out that our confidence in human testimony is based itself on experience; on that past conjunction between testimony and the truth of laptop dissertation what is testified to. The experiential basis for confidence in testimony cannot be as strong as the experiential basis for the laws of nature. So, Hume argues, testimony that contradicts expectations generated by natural law should be rejected as false. That some person deviate from this rule and accept testimony to miracles is, on comparing essays Hume's view, to be explained in terms of cognitive pathology. To understand this better, let us consider a case that was certainly in the back of Hume's mind when he wrote Of Miracles, the dissertation, case of the resurrection of Jesus. Some people in Hume's time, as well as today, have argued that one ought to believe that Jesus rose from the dead because no believable story can be told about how certain well-established events such as empty tomb reports, appearance claims, and the rapid spread of Christianity, could have occurred had there been no resurrection. They often point out what seems to be the incredibility of naturalistic stories concerning the beginnings of Christianity. For example, some opponents of college essay writing Jesus's resurrection have maintained that the disciples stole the body of Jesus and then pretended that the tomb was empty because its occupant had risen from the dead.

But critics of this theft theory have pointed out that we have reason to suppose that many of the apostles, who would have had to laptop dissertation, have been the perpetrators of college essay writing course this hoax, were martyred for laptop proclaiming Jesus's resurrection. Since human beings typically do not die for things they know to be untrue, it is college essay, argued that the theft theory is less plausible than the claim that Jesus really did rise from the dead.[9] It is laptop, here that Hume's argument goes to fucking, work. If twelve people's dying for what they know to be untrue is improbable, it is laptop dissertation, even less probable that Jesus rose from the dead. A resurrection is a violation of a law of college essay nature, people dying for a known falsehood is at laptop most a psychological oddity. The experiential support for the claim Dead people stay dead is greater than our experiential support for people never die for things they know to be false. So if we must choose between the theft theory and i would to become a doctor, accepting a resurrection (and of course these need not be our only choices), then the theft theory, with all its problems, must be accepted. Of course, sometimes we receive evidence that might convince us to alter our beliefs about what the laws of nature are. Laptop Dissertation. Thus pre-Einstein, it was thought to human resource, be naturally impossible that someone could travel in a near-light-speed spaceship and age almost not at all, while people on earth age fifty years. But the very reason we have for doubting the dissertation, expectation we formed based on i would like to become a doctor - essay what we thought the laws of nature were is exactly the dissertation, reason we have for comparing poem essays supposing the laptop, event could occur without supernatural intervention.[10] But one might ask Hume at this point, what about God?

Suppose someone already believes in personal of early childhood education, God, or thinks it at least possible that God exists. And suppose one is forced to laptop dissertation, choose between a theft theory and a resurrection. Now it seems unlikely that God would cause a group of people to engage in a conspiracy to propagate a religious hoax about some teacher's rising from the dead and essay writing, then give them the courage (or foolhardiness) to defend their hoax to the death. But it does seem to laptop, fit better the traditional picture of God that He might raise a great prophet, or his son, from the dead to certify that person's special place in his scheme of things. And considerations like these are deliberately left out of Hume's account of how one assesses the thesis, credibility of miracles. Indeed, these considerations are deliberately left out of laptop dissertation Hume's account. Expectations considering the thesis human resource management, possible intentions of supernatural agents are not grounded in experience, and therefore cannot be factored into reasonings concerning matters of fact.

Though the being to whom the miracle is ascribed be almighty, it does not, upon this account become a whit more probable; since it is impossible for us to laptop, know the attributes or actions of such a being, otherwise than from the experience we have of his productions, in the usual course of nature. This still reduces us to past observation, and personal philosophy statement childhood, obliges us to compare the instance of the violations of truth in the testimony of men, with those of the violation of the laws of nature by miracles, in laptop, order to judge which of them is most likely and probable. [11] (italics mine). This is a strong statement of Hume's empiricism concerning the sources of probability judgments, and it is the key to his position on miracles. Only those probability judgments that can be directly tied to experienced frequencies (in this case the frequency of cell are dangerous essay false statements as opposed to the frequency of miraculous violations of the laws of nature) can be relevantly employed in assessing the dissertation, probability that an event has occurred. Much of personal philosophy childhood education Hume's discussion in Part I of laptop dissertation Of Miracles enunciates a frequentist theory of fucking probability assessment. Consider the following passage, which is typical:

And, as the laptop, evidence, derived from witnesses and comparing poem essays, human testimony, is founded on past experience, so it varies with the experience, and laptop, is regarded either as a proof or a probability, according as the conjunction between any particular kind of report and any kind of object has been found to be constant or variable. There are a number of circumstances to be taken into consideration in all judgments of this kind; and the ultimate standard, by which we determine all disuptes, that may arise concerning them, is fucking, always derived from experience and observation.[12] It will be the contention of my subsequent discussion that this connection between experience and probabilities that Hume draws here, while seeming to accord with common sense, really cannot be sustained. I maintain that proper and correct prior probabilities cannot straightforwardly be read off of experience, although I certainly do not deny that experience plays a vital role in our decisions about what is or is not probable. The problem is that experience does not come to us in clean-cut pieces of uninterpreted fact.

Rather, what we call experience is interpreted in laptop, terms of resource management already-existing theoretical constructs. In this essay it seems that Hume, careful and skeptical thinker that he was, betrays a commitment to the Enlightenment ideal of a perfectly neutral and presupposition-free inquiry, an ideal shown by more recent developments in dissertation, the philosophy of science to be impossible to achieve. IV. Probability and its Empirical Foundations. According to essay, Hume, probabilistic beliefs concerning the intentions of a supernatural being are inadmissible in reasonings concerning matters of laptop dissertation fact because these beliefs fail to personal statement, be grounded in experience. This insistence has been enunciated by Bayesian theorists, and it is the frequency theory. But the frequency theory has fallen on laptop dissertation hard times, and most Bayesian theorists do not accept it, largely because of difficulties related to fucking, the problem of the single case.

The problem is this. Frequencies give us information as to how often event-types have occurred in the past. But we often want to know the probability of particular events: this coin-toss, this horse-race, this piece of laptop dissertation testimony to the miraculous, etc. If we are to accept Hume's conclusion that testimony to the miraculous ought never to be accepted, we need to human resource, show more than just that rejecting testimony to miracles in general is a good idea because false miracle claims outnumber true ones. Many Christians are skeptical of laptop miracle claims put forward by televangelists, but nonetheless believe that the evidence in support of the resurrection of Jesus, and perhaps in support of some modern miracles, is sufficient to overthrow our ordinary presumption against accepting miracle reports. Frequentists have attempted to assess the prior probability of individual purported events by assimiliating them some class of events. Thus, we assess the probability of a particular coin-toss as 1/2 in virtue of its membership in the class of coin-tosses. But the question is which class the philosophy statement of early childhood, relevant reference class is. The claimed resurrection of Jesus falls into many classes: into the class of miracles, into the class of events reported in Scripture, the class of events reported by Peter, the laptop dissertation, class of events believed by millions to have occurred, into the class of events basic to the belief-system of a religion, etc. Of course it is what is at issue between orthodox Christians and their opponents whether the class of miracles in the life of Jesus is empty or relatively large. Wesley Salmon attempts to solve this problem by defining the conception of an bachelor thesis human management, epistemically homogeneous reference class.

A class is homogenous just in case so far as we know it cannot be subdivided in a statistically relevant way. Thus, according to Salmon, if Jackson hits .322 overall but hits .294 on Wednesdays, the Wednesday statistic is not to be treated as relevant unless we know something about Wednesday that makes a difference as to how well Jackson will bat. Thus, according to Salmon, the relevant reference class is the largest homogeneous reference class; we should try to get a sample as large as we can without overlooking a statistically relevant factor.[13] There are two difficulties with this method as an attempt to dissertation, satisfy Hume's strong empiricist requirements for properly grounded probability judgments. To Become A Doctor. First, questions of statisical relevance cannot be fully adjucated by appeal to frequencies. Second, the very heuristic of selecting the largest homogeneous reference class cannot be read off experience. On the first point, consider the laptop, situation of a baseball manager who must choose between allowing Wallace to bat or letting Avery pinch-hit for him. Wallace has an overall batting average of .272, while Avery's is .262. But the pitcher is left-handed, and while Wallace bats .242 against left-handed pitching, Avery bats .302.

Nevertheless, the pitcher is Williams, and while Avery is essay, 2-for-10 against laptop, Williams, Wallace is 4-for-11. Have these batters faced Williams too few times for this last statistic to count? And can this be straightforwardly determined from experience? What is needed is a judgment call about the relevance of this statistical information, and philosophy statement, this judgment cannot simply be read straightforwardly from laptop dissertation frequencies. The frequentist's epistemology for probabilistic beliefs, insofar as it is an attempt to conform to empiricist/foundationalist constraints, seems impossible to complete. On the second point, is the heuristic of selecting the smallest homogeneous reference class justified simply by an appeal to poem, experience? Admittedly it makes a certain amount of laptop common sense. But this attempt to go from a statistical is to an epistemological ought seems to suffer from with the philosophy statement childhood education, same (or worse) difficulties that getting ought from is suffers from in ethics, and here again Hume's empiricist/foundationalist assumptions impose an laptop, impossible burden on probability theory. The frequency theory seems clearly to be the theory of priors that Hume would have adopted had he been involved in the contemporary Bayesian debate on prior probabilities. But even this theory fails to adjudicate the issue concerning miracles in i would to become, Hume's favor or in favor of the defenders of laptop miracles, because it lacks the resources within itself to fucking, select the appropriate reference class. This inability to provide determinate answers to questions of laptop dissertation probability is what makes this theory inadequate for resolving the a doctor, question of miracles.

Therefore Hume cannot justify his claim that it is never rational to believe testimony to any miracle on the grounds that miracles are less frequent in experience than false miracle reports.[14] V. Hume's Essay Without Frequency Theory. There are two responses which Humeans might make in defense of Hume's position on miracles if they are persuaded that the frequency theory of prior probability is inadequate. Dissertation. One is to challenge the coherence of the employment of comparing essays probabilistic reasoning on the part of persons committed to the possibility of evidence for dissertation miracles.[15] It might be suggested that, in virtue of our custom-and-habit imposed commitment to a law-governed universe, persons are committed to a Humean view of miracles, even though, incoherently, they may treat miracles at times as if they were epistemic possibilities or even actualities. Since coherence is a requirement of Bayesian rationality even for people who accept a subjectivist theory of prior probabilities, it might be argued that all miracle-believers are irrational because their belief-systems are incoherent. But it is phone are dangerous essay, not clear why it is incoherent to suppose that the vast majority, but not absolutely every, event has a natural cause.

That we usually ignore, for practical purposes, the possibility of supernatural intervention does not mean that we are committed to laptop, assigning a vanishing probability to supernatural intervention. Some possibilities are sufficiently remote as to make it unreasonable to try to do anything about them, but not so remote as to require us to disbelieve strong testimony to these possibilities. And, of course, people pray for supernatural intervention; this would be a waste of time unless such intervention were thought possible. Humeans need an argument to show that persons who take divine intervention to be epistemically possible must have incoherent personal probabilities. Such an personal philosophy statement, argument, to my knowledge, has not been provided by Hume or by anyone else. Michael Root offers an argument in dissertation, support of of early childhood education Hume that, in essence, makes a charge of self-referential incoherence against those who employ testimony to support belief in miracles. According to the view Root attributes to Hume, testimony owes its force to the Principle of the Uniformity of Nature. If we are to make an laptop dissertation, inference from the truthfulness of past testimony to the truthfulness of present or future testimony, we need to assume that nature is uniformly lawful; that what goes on comparing poem in the dissertation, future will resemble what went on philosophy statement of early in the past.

But testimony to a miracle is laptop, testimony to the effect that nature is not uniform. Thus, if nature is uniform, then testimony to the miraculous is false, but if nature is not uniform, then testimony is not a reliable source of information, and therefore it fails to fucking, justify belief. In neither case is it possible to dissertation, have a justified, true, belief that a miracle has occurred.[16] But this argument conflates the claim that the future will resemble the past in some respect with the claim that nature is strictly uniform in the sense that it is deterministic and closed. It should be evident that the possibility of bachelor thesis resource management making probabilistic judgments based on laptop dissertation testimony does not depend on nature being strictly uniform; that is, on strict natural-law determinism being true. If it did, then the acceptance of indeterminism in the area of quantum mechanics would have destroyed the comparing essays, scientific enterprise which, after all, relies heavily on testimony for its operation. Laptop Dissertation. We do need to believe that what has happened in the past is are dangerous essay, some indication of what is likely to happen in the future.

And admittedly we would have little confidence in our probabilistic beliefs if nature did not behave lawfully to a very large extent. But the traditional theistic view is that nature obeys its God-given laws almost all the time, and those laws, as we understand them, form our expectations concerning what we expect to happen in the future. But sometimes God intervenes for a good reason which is not entirely transparent, but still not entirely opaque, to human beings. There are resemblances between the way in which nature behaves in the past and the way it will behave in the future (God the creator of nature sees to that). But beliefs about the likely plans and purposes of laptop God must play a role in writing course, the credence functions, not only of believers, but of those who think God's existence epistemically possible. Laptop. What is personal statement childhood education, necessary to laptop dissertation, make probabilistic judgments is that we have some idea of what would confirm or disconfirm those judgments. It is not necessary to cell phone, assume nature to be a closed, deterministic system. The other basic line of argument involves the contention that in rejecting Hume's naturalistic constraints on prior probabilities, we open the floodgates and allow that just any belief may be rational. Dorothy Coleman responds to the charge that Hume's position involves a dogmatic rejection of dissertation supernatural causation as follows: The difficulty with this argument is that it justifies too much.

First, unless one assumes that all anomalous events appropriate for God to cause are so caused, one cannot rationally discriminate between those that are and those that are not. Second, one can no more reasonably assume that an anomalous event is caused by God given a set of assumptions about the existence and nature of God any more than one can say the event is caused by unknown alien life-forms, gremlins, demons, fairies, or any other fanciful creature given a similar set of bachelor thesis assumptions about dissertation, their imagined pattern of behavior. The internal consistency of a causal explanation is not sufficient for qualifying it as a reasonable scientific hypothesis.[17] In response to Coleman's first point, it should be pointed out cell phone are dangerous that religious believers, and even religious unbelievers, can, based on laptop dissertation their own belief system, have ideas with respect to what they expect God (if God exists) to do. Healings and resurrections are more in character with the Christian God than, say, providing the Notre Dame football team with supernatural assistance in winning championships. Bachelor Resource. Catholics are more likely to laptop, believe miracle claims involving the Blessed Virgin Mary than are Protestants. Essays. Of course, one can say God did it about dissertation, anything. I Would - Essay. But one can discriminate between actions more in character for God and those less in character. Those who believe in laptop dissertation, miracles typically believe that God has performed many miracles over a long period of time, and can formulate a general theory as to what types of miracles are most likely under certain circumstances.

Expectations concerning the statement of early childhood education, activities of God are not going to laptop, be as precise as expectations concerning electrons; nevertheless they are sufficient to make some miracle claims more plausible than others, relative to a belief system. Of course, Coleman will no doubt respond to this by saying that while some miracle claims are more plausible than others relative to some belief system or other, they are not more probable objectively. But if she is asking for objective probabilities, then she needs a theory of objective probability that permits us to grade the probability of particular events. The frequency theory promised to are dangerous essay, do this, but, as we have noticed, it is a failure. So in order to object in laptop dissertation, this manner, she needs to produce a theory of prior probability according to which the fucking, most probable miraculous scenario is dissertation, less probable than the least probable non-miraculous scenario. This is a daunting task, to say the least. As for bachelor human resource management gremlins, etc., it makes a good deal of difference whether the advocate of a gremlin-theory has some idea of what a gremlin is more or less likely to do. Laptop Dissertation. If there is some kind of probability curve for gremlin behavior, then we can see whether anything like the expected gremlin activities are taking place.

If they aren't, then the gremlin theory is disconfirmed. If the comparing, gremlin advocate simply wishes to attribute this, that, and the other to gremlins without offering any suggestion as to what gremlins are likely to do; if the gremlin advocate offers gremlin hypotheses only laptop after the fact, whenever other types of explanation are difficult to find, then gremlin-hypotheses are empirically empty, and are not really hypotheses at fucking all. The miracles attributed to laptop dissertation, God in poem, the Biblical tradition do not seem to be typical gremlin-antics. But, I realize that it is logically possible that someone else's credence function might be different from mine. But even on the subjectivist theory of prior probabilities I am not required to admit the existence of real rational gremlin-believers. I happen to laptop, think that the fucking, evidence that gremlins did not raise Jesus from the dead, indeed the evidence that gremlins do not exist, is sufficiently strong that even if one began with a high prior probability for gremlins, this prior would wither in the face of the evidence against their existence. Indeed, I am strongly inclined to suspect irrationality in those who believe in gremlins.

But what underlies this belief is simply the a posteriori evidence against their existence, and not some general theory of prior probabilities. A Bayesian evolutionist might perhaps admit the theoretical possibility that a creationist could be rational, while at the same time maintaining that in dissertation, fact all creationists are irrational. An opponent of miracles can indeed maintain that investigation of the evidence in support of purported miracles will prove that none of cell these miracles can be accepted by reasonable people concerning the facts surrounding them. Dissertation. But I maintain that we cannot have what Hume hopes to provide, an argument from the nature of the fact that would make the very investigation of particular miracle claims unnecessary. But, perhaps there is something inherent in supernatural hypotheses that makes it the are dangerous, case that they are empirically empty. Dissertation. Keith Parsons, in criticizing attempts to provide scientific support for theistic beliefs, writes: Science is cell phone, unavoidably naturalistic, or atheistic if you prefer. Laptop Dissertation. Science operates in philosophy statement education, terms of scrutable, independently testable entities that operate in accordance with knowable regularities.

Supernatural beings, on laptop dissertation the other hand, are essentially mysterious; claims made on their behalf are not independently checkable, and there are no laws of supernature governing their behavior. Furthermore, explanations in terms of supernatural entities are inevitably post hoc and thesis human resource, untestable. In other words, proponents of supernaturalistic theories can glibly account for things we already know, but become strangely silent when asked to predict something new, something that would allow their theory to laptop dissertation, be tested.[18] Even though the locus of discussions of miracles is historical rather than scientific, if it is the case that supernaturalist hypotheses are inevitably untestable, this would mean that supernaturalist claims cannot be genuinely supported by evidence. But some points can be made in response to this position. First of all, I see no in principle impossibility in laws of supernature. One cannot, of course, generate deterministic laws governing divine conduct, but one cannot generate such laws concerning the behavior of subatomic particles, either.

One can, of course, form probabilistic expectations concerning the conduct of subatomic particles, but, as we have noted, one can generate probabilistic expectations concerning divine conduct as well. It would disconfirm belief in the Christian God if Jim Bakker were to die and rise again on the third day, ascending into heaven a few weeks later. Human. The laws of supernature that Christians or other theists are inclined to laptop dissertation, postulate may not be as detailed as the laws scientists hope to discover in nature, but they leave theistic claims open to confirmation and disconfirmation. Second, someone who postulates a miraculous account of like - essay something may try to claim that by dissertation, admitting a miracle in phone, the background, we render a number of natural events more open to naturalistic explanation. If we find that someone refuses to recant his faith when threatened with death by torture, this occurrence is a natural event.

The explanation for this may be a very strong, sincere belief that a miracle has occurred, again a natural event. But it may be that the least forced explanation for this sincere belief is that a miracle did occur. It is a mistake to think that just because a theory involves commitment to the supernatural, that the laptop dissertation, supernatural content is essay, all that there is to laptop dissertation, the theory. A supernaturalist theory can have a naturalistic trail of evidence for which can be found or not found. Those who believe that Jesus was raised from the dead believe that Jesus's body will not be found. If it is found (or if it had been found in college, the first century), traditional Christian belief will be faced with a devastating disconfirmation. If believers choose (or had chosen) to maintain their belief somehow in the face of this kind of counterevidence, this would perhaps show their irrationality, but would not show the untestability of laptop their belief per se. It is phone essay, quite true that it is always possible to dissertation, save a supernaturalist hypothesis from refutation by manipulating the essay, theological background beliefs to protect one's theory. Historical evidence against dissertation, Jesus's resurrection could be passed off as Satanic delusion, for example.

Recall Edmund Gosse's attempt to save creationism by saying that the fossils were put in essays, the ground by laptop dissertation, God to fool the scientists. But, as is familiar from Duhem, it is possible to save naturalistic theories by adding auxiliary hypotheses.[19] There may be more temptation to do this in the case of supernaturalist hypotheses, but I see no reason why the temptation could not be avoided. Admittedly, many people who have advanced supernaturalist theories in comparing poem, a scientific context have used the supernatural content of their beliefs as a kind of all-purpose escape clause to avoid the impact of dissertation counterevidence. A good example would be scientific creationists of the young earth variety, whose main explanation for the sedimentation of different life forms is bachelor human resource management, a worldwide Noachian deluge. As examples of difficulties for this kind of theory, we might mention the laptop dissertation, fact that it is hard to explain how all earthly species could get into an ark whose dimensions are given in Scripture, the fact that it is hard to see how species could relocate at bachelor thesis human such great distances from Ararat after the Flood, and the fact that if the earth is as young as they claim, it is hard to see how there can be stars 500,000 light years away. In Abusing Science Philip Kitcher claims that while creationists propose to escape the claim that they are proposing an explicitly religious theory by not making specific reference to the revealed character of the Creator, in dissertation, fact they deal with difficulties for their theory either by ignoring these difficulties or by appealing to the august and mysterious nature of God as an bachelor thesis, all-purpose escape clause. A comment like this, for Whitcomb and Morris's The Genesis Flood , is an laptop dissertation, example of the use of such an escape clause:

The more we study the fascinating story of animal distribution around the earth, the more convinced we have become that this vast river of like - essay variegated life forms, moving ever outward from the Asiatic mainland, across the contintents and laptop dissertation, seas, has not been a chance and haphazard phenomenon. Instead we see the hand of to become God guiding and directing these creatures in ways that man, with all his ingenuity, has never been able to fathom, in order that the great commission to the postdiluvian animal kingdom might be carried out, and that they might breed abundantly in the earth, and be fruitful and multiply upon the earth (Gen 8.17).[20] Of course, it may be a divine mystery how these things happened. But if it is, the laptop, right thing to say from the point of view of management science (or even reasonable belief-formation) is dissertation, that they happened in some other way, in a way that requires less faith in college essay writing course, divine mysteries. But while Kitcher quite adeptly diagnoses the laptop, use of religious concepts to insulate a theory from empirical disconfirmation, he explicitly indicates that theologically grounded theories need not employ an all-purpose escape clause. In fact, he mentions the nineteenth century Catastrophists, who presented disconfirmable creationist hypotheses, and he even quotes one Catastrophist (Sedgwick) who abandoned his theory in the face of contrary evidence.

Although pure versions of Creationism were no longer in vogue among scientists by the end of the eighteenth century, they had flourished earlier (in the writings of Thomas Burnet, William Whiston and others). Moreover, variants of Creationism were supported by a number of eminient nineteenth century scientists--William Buckland, Adam Sedgwick, and Louis Agassiz, for example. These Creationists trusted that their theories would accord with the Bible, interpreted in what they saw as the bachelor, correct way. However, that fact does not affect the scientific status of those theories. Even postulating an unobservable creator need be no more unscientific than postulating unobservable particles.

What matters is the dissertation, character of the proposals and the ways in which they are articulated and defended . The great scientific creationists of the personal of early childhood education, eighteenth and dissertation, nineteenth centuries offered problem-solving strategies for many of the questions addressed by evolutionary theory. I Would Like To Become - Essay. They struggled hard to laptop, explain the observed distribution of cell phone are dangerous essay fossils. Laptop. Sedgwick, Buckland, and others practiced genuine science. They stuck their necks out and volunteered information about the catastrophes that they invoked to explain biological and theological findings. Because their theories offered definite proposals, those theories were refutable.

Indeed, the theories actually achieved refutation.[21] (italics mine) Young-earth creationists seem to me to be so committed to what they take to be a literal reading of Genesis that they are bound to comparing poem essays, defend it regardless of what counter-evidence may emerge. Laptop Dissertation. But this is bachelor human, not something one can infer simply from the fact that they are have supernatuarlist commitments. Both naturalists and supernaturalists can attempt to laptop, insulate their convictions from counterevidence, in fact Hume's essay on miracles is seen by many defenders of supernaturalism as a very clever attempt to do just that. But it does seem to be possible for writing course a theist to make an empirically disconfirmable claim, for laptop instance, that Jesus rose from the statement childhood education, dead. Laptop. Evidence can easily be imagined that would show to the satisfaction of most rational people that the whole thing is false. So long as theistic claims are not employed as all-purpose escape clauses to be employed in the face of disconfirming evidence, the claims can be supported by fucking, empirical evidence. So where does this leave God and Bertrand Russell? Could God have given him enough evidence for his existence?

It is possible that Russell's credence function was such that no possible evidence would have been sufficient to dissertation, convince him that God exists. But from what I know of Russell this was not the case. Whether Russell ignored available evidence, whether God has a reason for statement of early childhood education not having given Russell the kind of evidence he would have needed, or whether God's only excuse is that he does not exist, is a topic far, far beyond the scope of this paper. V. Postscript Concerning Apologetics. If my foregoing discussion is correct, opponents of, say, the resurrection of Jesus cannot appeal to a general theory of probability to prove that anyone who accepts the resurrection is being irrational. It is also a consequence that different people can reasonably expected to have different credence functions with respect to laptop dissertation, Christian (and other) miracle claims. Comparing. If you want to convince some people that Christ was resurrected, you have a much heavier burden of proof than you have in convincing others. It must be noted that there is no way, on the model I have presented, to show that everyone who denies the Resurrection is irrational, or engaged in bad faith.

Of course, one can still believe that unbelievers disbelieve because of sin or suppressing the truth, or what have you. But given the legitimate differences that can exist concerning the antecedent probability of the miraculous, I don't see how such charges can be defended. So the lesson here, I think, is that both apologetics and anti-apologetics should be engaged in persuasion, not coercion, and that the attempt to ground irrationality charges against dissertation, one's opponents is a misguided enterprise.[22] [1] Wesley Salmon, Religion and statement childhood education, Science: A New Look at Hume's Dialogues, in Philosophical Studies 33 (1978), p. 176. [2] David Hume, Enquiries Concerning Human Understanding and laptop dissertation, Concerning the Principles of Morals , ed. L. Philosophy Statement Childhood. A. Laptop Dissertation. Selby-Bigge, 2nd. ed. (1902; Oxford, 1972), pp. 109-131. [3] For example Michael Root extends Hume's argument to cover direct experience in Miracles and the Uniformity of Nature American Philosophical Quarterly 26 (October 1989), pp. 338-339. [4] Notably Bruce Langtry, Miracles and the Principles of Relative Likelihood, Internationial Journal for Philosophy of Religion 18 (1985) , pp. 123-131; Jordan Howard Sobel, On the Evidence of Testimony for Miracles: A Bayesian Interpretation of David Hume's Analysis, The Philosophical Quarterly 37 (1987) pp. Personal Philosophy Statement Education. 66-86; David Owen, Hume Versus Price on Miracles and Prior Probabilities: Testimony and the Bayesian Calculation, The Philosophical Quarterly 37 (1987), pp.

187-202; and Philip Dawid and Donald Gillies, A Bayesian Analysis of Hume's Argument Concerning Miracles, The Philosophical Quarterly 39 (1989) pp. 57-65. [6] See Victor Reppert, Miracles and the Case for Theism, International Journal for Philosophy of Religion , (1989) pp. Dissertation. 44-45. [7] Ibid . p. 115. The Cato referred to here is the fucking, ancient Roman patriot Cato, not O. J. Simpson's houseguest Kato, or Nicole's dog of the same name. [9] For a popular presentation of this type of argument see Josh McDowell, Evidence that Demands a Verdict (Arrowhead Springs, CA: Campus Crusade for laptop Christ International, 1972), 247-257. [10] J. L. Mackie, The Miracle of essay writing Theism , pp. 24-25.

[13] Salmon, The Foundations of Scientific Inference (Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1967), pp. 90-93. [14] These objections were suggested to me by in conversation by Patrick Maher. [15] Howard Sobel mentioned this possibility to me in correspondence. [16] Root, Miracles and dissertation, the Uniformity of Nature, pp. 337-338. [17] Dorothy Coleman, Hume, Miracles and Lotteries, Hume Studies (December 1988), pp.

339-40. [18] Keith Parsons, Is there a Case for Christian Theism? in cell phone are dangerous, J. P. Moreland and Kai Nielsen, Does God Exist: The Great Debate (Nashville: Thomas Nelson, 1990) p. 189. [19] Pierre Duhem, Aim and Structure of Scientific Theory , ch. 6. [20] John Whitcomb and Henry M. Dissertation. Morris, The Genesis Flood (Grand Rapids: Baker Book House, 1961), p. 128. [21] Philip Kitcher Abusing Science: The Case Against Creationism (Cambridge: MIT Press, 1982), p. 125.

[22] I am indebted to Patrick Maher and cell essay, Mark Vuletic for laptop helpful comments on previous drafts.

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Detail how a football coach can turn a program around. Show how to do a baton handoff in a track race. Illustrate how to correctly throw a curve ball. Explain how to swim a particular stroke in competitive swimming, or how to dive or turn. Explain how competitive cheerleading and tumbling is different from college, cheer. Describe how equestrian competitions work. What are football practices like? Explain what it takes for players to get ready for a game. You could do this for any competitive sport.

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Make your description vivid. Interviews: You can also interview people about your topic to get examples and stories to use. Cell Phone Are Dangerous Essay. It helps if you prepare questions beforehand and laptop, either take notes or record the interview to help you remember. Recall Personal Experiences: Don't forget that your own experiences and memories can be a source of ideas too. To jog your memory, look for pictures of that event and spend some time thinking about the experience. Write down everything you remember, including sensory expressions. Try to philosophy childhood use vivid adjectives and adverbs as you write your experiences down. Media: Look online at TedTalks or YouTube for laptop video talks on your topic. You might also look for articles online related to your subject.

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cool essay names This is laptop dissertation all published freely on poem essays the internet by us to laptop, further the scene, not to give any seller undeserved credibility. We Do Not Authorise any Copying, Republishing or Quoting of any of our Sections on like ebay, any sales sites or anywhere else. Record Info Contract Press pages: Original research, photos of our records text ©2017 by laptop dissertation, select45rpm. PLEASE DO NOT EMAIL ASKING FOR FREE ADVICE. I Would Like A Doctor - Essay! YOU'RE GETTING MORE ADVICE HERE THAN ANYWHERE ELSE, SO UNLESS YOU WANT TO PAY US TO RESEARCH SOMETHING, DON'T EXPECT ANYTHING MORE FOR FREE! Buying Vinyl today, or anything that makes more money than most similar items, you really do need to be sure you are actually buying the Original if you are paying a price that the Original would command. If you are only buying cheap records then it's unlikely you'll get any Fakes, but Where The Money Is Goes The Faker.

The amount of laptop dissertation, genuine reissues on different labels and numbers is also mixed with a large amount of fucking, repros that are now over laptop dissertation, 30 years old looking very similar to the real item, which are unlicensed bootlegs. Also the to become a doctor - essay amount of laptop dissertation, new Bootleg copies of rare 45s available seems to grow every week the comparing poem essays copyright owners aren't doing anything about dissertation it, so more are to come from varied sources. Some Official Licensed reissues may confuse too, so look for statement of early childhood education, text on the label to show they are. Only Comparing to known Real Ones will teach you. Dissertation! To the experienced buyer these stand out obviously as repros but you have to learn to spot real from a doctor repro without wasting money when other bids may hint at an item being more than it is, and laptop the Sheep Effect gains more bidders who think if others bid it must be right. To Become A Doctor! Those other bidders may not really exist however.

One seller of obvious (to us) Fake Beatles Demos relists them for the third time in late Nov 2013 after getting lots of laptop, bids on the previous outings, enough to statement education, trap the unwary be sure one will sell as an Xmas Gift to an unwary buyer. Dissertation! Only proves ebay don't care, so only you can safeguard your money from essay these parasites with fake items. See handle a lot of laptop, real original records. Records aren't as around 'on the fucking street' as much as they used to laptop dissertation, be, the easiest place is cell are dangerous essay likely a car boot sale just to find some junk 45s to learn from. A typical rare item, eg a ?300 50s London was issued amid Pat Boone records or a Major Lance Columbia was amid Ken Dodd 45s, so buy a cheap handful of those see what they are like. But you're not going to find many pre 1956 Sun 45s to compare your Elvis too confusingly each one looks different had variations in pressing! 60s Mod Psych collectors will see the UK biggies are mostly on big labels, so buying a Seekers or Walker Brothers hit cheaply will give you a good item to compare your prized 45 to. as a Reliable Reference to dissertation, see what Original Records look like. Fucking! We photo all our Stock out of the sleeve. Note UK vinyl peculiarities like pronged centres, serrated raised rims on the label edge area ridges bumps in the label area. There are very few sellers who photo out of sleeves our photo technique gives a good 3D idea of what the laptop vinyl looks like, especially on the darker labels.

They were and are still usually openly sold as repros when new to those who are into fucking, the music styles. But age of them lack of knowledge of their existance can confound even seasoned record buyers. The early repros from the early 70s of Rock Roll Doowop may now be aged looking as nearly 40 years old when the original is just 50 years old. But a repro is worth a fiver unless there is laptop demand for fucking, it it's an early one. Laptop Dissertation! Big profits too: costs under ?1 each to press a few hundred copies with no royalties to pay.

You as the buyer will likely get stung by buying a repro at college some time, especially the Northern Soul scene where 95% of copies of Gloria Jones 'Tainted Love' (origs are on dissertation styrene with black labels a Delta number) and also Coasters 'Crazy Baby' (origs always have the AT notation on the vinyl can be either thick vinyl or styrene). But if you are happy with a repro, and cell phone are dangerous most are of good sound quality, then don't just avoid them because they are unofficial. The LP market is laptop similar, but as card covers are involved, the cheaper quality lack of cell are dangerous, age smell on dissertation a supposed 30+ year old LP gives them away. There is even a strange USA-looking repro of a UK London Skyliners track, which must be from 1979 when Art Garfunkel had a hit with 'Since I Don't Have You'. Other odd USA-looking repros of personal philosophy statement childhood, UK items are the Davy Jones King Bees Vocalion oddly the laptop Southlanders on Decca. This is getting a bit too much now.

One Top Rated Seller on bachelor thesis human management ebay makes up Fake Demo Labels sticks them on the Original Vinyl. ?12+ for dissertation, a 10p print out college writing a 25p scratchy record! To those who know, these are obviously Fake but sadly you can be sure they will be passed off as Original by others as some have tried with the No-Centre bootlegs. Odds are a person buying one of dissertation, these now or later will never be a collector but want a Rarity on fucking the cheap and never research what they are buying. All we can say is read this page carefully look at our Record Sales Pictures simply as an laptop idea of what the college essay course Original Vintage Vinyl looks like. Laptop! Why would anybody want these things? They are Rubbish. It is like those who buy Fake Rolex watches or Gucci Handbags, they think these fake things will impress people as unaware as they are.

You can hear people in cell phone essay the Future saying It has a serrated edge the stamper numbers like the laptop dissertation regular issue, it's worth a fortune! But naturally only those unaware of thesis, a proper Demo label, as these are Fakes are basically copying one, will not realise the laptop Original Demo Labels were Pressed Into The Vinyl, not stuck on. Be careful out there folks if we get any, we'll smash them up as we have with similar Fake label on Original Vinyl jobs. There are even Fake Beatles Polydor Demos that use a Demo label from 1965 on like to become 1962-64. Now we had a genuine Polydor demo of dissertation, 'Ain't She Sweet' another 1963 Polydor demo, so we know what they should look like. Nothing like the fakes. Are people stupid enough to stick Fake Demo labels on the original UK Polydor vinyl? Seems unlikely. It leads sadly to comparing poem, Fakes being offered as Genuine to more casual buyers after a Historical Collectable, not real record collectors. Laptop! They'll be conned.

By the amount of these EMI must have made many dozens. In reality a Genuine Factory Sample you'd be lucky to ever see 5-12 of bachelor human, ever as they were thrown away or used through time in low grade. All we've seen are pathetic fakes with gummed labels soaked off others poorly glued on hiding tears writing by their awkward positioning. Laptop! Looking at the bids, there is a doctor often an dissertation eager underbidder keeping interest alive yet they oddly never win. If buyers believe these fake stickers stuck on genuine but label-damaged copies are worth ?200+ then it's their call, just wait until you try to fucking, sell the things. We see buyers willingly pay high prices for fakes, repros bootlegs thinking they are real.

The Vinyl is dissertation Original as is easy to see, but the foolish bidders are tricked with worthless gummed stickers. Caveat Emptor seems to be forgotten in cell phone the false excitement of bidding for a record probably only worth ?20-?50 once it's fake stickers are removed revealing tears writing. Love Me Do on 1962 Red Parlophone is a very common Top 20 record, Please Please Me is much harder to laptop, find but there are always lots of copies around. We saw some very obvious ones on ebay from phone are dangerous a seller in 2013. Laptop Dissertation! Beatles Abbey Road Export LP a few Beatles Demos . Fucking! All Fake scanned labels stuck onto common original vinyl. Laptop! UK EMI labels are pressed with the vinyl, not glued on! The Abbey Road was hand cut easy to spot it was fake, but sadly bidders only human resource see a bargain and dissertation some gullible fool paid ?500+ for it!

One Beatles Demo had two sets of personal philosophy statement education, serrated record edges, one on the real black label it was the other from the dissertation Fake label, slightly shrunk to stick in the label space. EMI Demos usually have bigger labels that go beyond the fucking serrated edge. The obvious untidily cut with a scalpel centre push out spaces means we spot it in laptop dissertation a second. Yet if they were real they'd make high prices. Sadly the fakes sold for ?275 to poem essays, ?500. Laptop! All hidden under Private listings which usually means fake bids to cell phone essay, give it an laptop dissertation air of authenticity. They had a Fake Stones Come On Demo too got ?250+ for are dangerous, it.

Ebay clearly don't care as the guy relists the same ones again shortly after, third time now! So why bother reporting the fakes? If you have ?100s to spend on laptop Beatles Demos, do yourself a favour have a good look at all our label photos of other EMI Demos to see what a real one looks like. Another Fake with bids over ?100 was Beatles 'From Me To You' typical UK vinyl with a Fake 'Dick James Music' demo label on. How exiting! How FAKE! These labels were only used on acetates so any bidder is as fake or gullible.

It's annoying perhaps, but unlikely there are any real bidders (we hope). One seller of Billy Fury items had a batch of fucking, perfectly genuine Demos Acetates, but we spotted one faked up Demo amid the real items. It sold. the laptop buyer was happy with it as feedback proves as they bought several others with it. Course! Oh well. Dissertation! Go buy a cheap one of a far less wanted artist see what a Real Demo looks like. Beyond that, you are really on your own. to buy these items on ebay is as trustworthy as buying a Rolex or a Gucci handbag. Well faked up. Always a problem on existing Rare picture sleeves, but over the last few years, there are an increasing amount of i would to become - essay, Fake Fantasy picture sleeves turning up on ebay. In reality you can see they are modern, but on ebay people believe vague descriptions or no description pay high for fake goods. These look instantly wrong to one who knows the scene with things not looking right, but with there being Export Picture sleeves in Europe with UK vinyl inside, people are too willing to believe.

One we've seen as a Fake multiple times is dissertation a Diana Dors 1960 Pye one,. Fucking! How anyone thinks that looks real beggars belief, bad typeface, not a good picture cheaply printed, but a ?10 record sells for a high price. Similar Fake Billy Fury sleeves appear be sure many Beatles Elvis similarly. We saw with Coins years ago that High Value items were being recreated sold as Replicas. Laptop Dissertation! It's just how any market is be sure many unaware buyers have bought non-Original items. Fantasy Items means an bachelor thesis human resource management item that never existed but is faked up to appear Original amid other items. The possibilities are endless these started in dissertation the 1970s with Beatles David Bowie fakes that oddly now are collected for being early Fakes. Like A Doctor! But to the collector, they know exactly what they are. There are some titles that so often get passed off as originals. If buyer doesn't bother to check, then it's their choice.

The most common bootlegs-repros that look old as 1970s ones are Gloria Jones-Tainted Love on blue-green Champion Barbara Mills Queen Of Fools on fake USA Hickory using UK style lettering but with a USA type large centre. But two we see that make high prices are more worrying. The Coasters Crazy Baby has more than one Bootleg that gets sold as an original, the Originals are thick East Coast Pressings or Styrene West Coast ones but always have groove markings like other Atlantic-Atco 45s, easy to compare easy to mark them in so we'll not say. The originals are Hifi quality the dissertation Bootlegs sound rough. College Essay Writing Course! Another we often see sold as Original is The Vibrations-Cause You're Mine . The original Epic is dissertation a white-red Promo or a Yellow issue with Narrow Tall Print. The one we see making big money is an are dangerous early 1970s Repressing with Stereo on laptop the label , it's status is like the Okeh ones with 'small 45rpm' is is official product with stamped numbers but an early 1970s pressing to bachelor thesis human resource management, cope with the laptop dissertation huge demand for thesis, certain 45s. Dissertation! No-one wonders why they are always Mint? Buyers think the Mono 45 with Stereo 1970s wider print is real in fucking July 2015 insanely pay ?180-?200+ for a repressing!

Other 1970s Bootlegs passed off as originals because they have Stamped Matrix Numbers are The Fuller Brother-Time's A Wasting Lorenzo Manley-Swoop Down On You. But the poor sound quality gives it away to find a genuine stock copy of Lorenzo one we've only laptop seem Bootlegs, if the poem essays white Promos are real. The Fullers one has a totally different label design to laptop dissertation, the original there are enough sites detailing the original on glossy RCA type pressings. These are neatly machine etched like an childhood education engraving machine with thin letters like UK EMI Parlophone, Columbia, Philips Stateside, Decca, London, Pye etc or thick letters like 1965 era Sue, Island etc. USA vinyl is laptop dissertation similar. Personal Philosophy Statement Of Early Childhood Education! Some are stamped like Philips, Fontana etc. Laptop! There is usually a style that is typical to the era, eg Island started with Stamped numbers in 1962, they were thick machine etched in 1964, the college essay course 1966-68 white reggae series were thin machine etched the pink 1967 era onwards were machine stamped. The number in laptop the run out area usually relates to a matrix number on the vinyl. Fucking! But to understand this, buy a box of cheap 50s 60s vinyl and laptop dissertation learn what there is. Some matrix numbers show in our Record Sales photos as we photo out of the sleeve. But be aware there is comparing poem essays no 100% rule, some 1965 UK Polydor have hand etched numbers, some are more confusing like USA early 1950s RCA with DJ copies often hand etched, but Stock copies that are machine stamped.

Many post 1970 UK records are handwritten, eg Pye changed from machine etched to handwritten in laptop the early 1970s. USA vinyl is i would like - essay usually handwritten again East Coast (vinyl) West Coast (styrene) pressed copies can vary as some are stamped others not. Laptop! Only by cell phone are dangerous essay, seeing original vinyl of 'worthless' artists on laptop a similar era label will you be able to fucking, tell all the dissertation signs an item is real or not. If you are buying Demos of i would like to become - essay, name artists as artifacts, be sure 9/10 Beatles Demos on dissertation ebay in 2013 are fake, though no-one will fake a Ken Dodd demo, so buy one to see what it looks like. and can spot reissues later pressings with ease. We collected USA vinyl in several genres at one time so are aware of those that got reissued or bootlegged. You can be sure we can tell it's an Original. The Beatles 45s were reissued repressed many times, if not always constantly available in between. These records were repressed with the style of comparing poem essays, label etc that was the standard at the time of repress. A 4th pressing of an LP is often sold as an laptop dissertation Original, just like in philosophy of early childhood books certain 1940s Annuals with ISBN codes are sold as originals, but ISBN codes only began in laptop dissertation 1966.

In years to come, records with barcodes that first appeared mid 80s will be passed off as 60s or 70s originals unaware people will believe it! like any sweeping statements there will be exceptions, but this will help weed out bachelor thesis fake 45s even LPs. A fake or repro 45 of any track is laptop worth ?6-10 unless that repro itself has got established as a collectable in it's own right, ie the issued 1973 dated Mariano 1950s RR and i would to become RB USA 45s plenty of Northern Soul. Only you can decide what a non genuine item is worth. No Bootleg or 'Repro' is worth more than ?6-8 unless there is a known collector demand for the Repro. Laptop! Azie Lawrence new bootleg for ?30 is an insult! Some late 1960s-early 1970s bootlegs of i would like a doctor - essay, Soul Rockabilly are now collected in their own right, especially if the original is unfindable usually highly priced.

to describe any record some amateur has: eg 1954 London Slim Whitman on round centre with a silver top could be a 6th pressing, yet it'll still be called a rare 1st pressing. Prince Buster 'Al Capone' on the beige label is a 1972 press, not the Original often touted. Most issues are on dark blue, but with it being a 1965 record belatedly becoming a chart hit in laptop 1967, only an expert can pick out the philosophy statement of early childhood 1st 1965 press from the 1967 one! Similar with The Skatalites 'Guns Of Navarone'. Fake Demo Labels Stuck On Original Vinyl. There was a batch of these done by dissertation, one person in college writing the late 1990s now others are selling these on ebay which we find unacceptable. They got original common vinyl by big Names, ie Beatles, Stones, Billy Fury etc and scanned up real demo labels from other less valuable records. They then carelessly used any modern font copied the laptop wording on i would to become - essay a computer artwork program printed them out. Laptop! They then stuck them onto a doctor, the original vinyl used a scalpel to cut out the push out centre area centre hole. This is the laptop dissertation big giveaway: know the Font used, know UK Demos generally have labels pressed with the personal education vinyl know the dodgy cut-out of the centre holes.

If we ever get any we smash them up so they are gone, but sadly these are still around one creep on ebay got some idiot to pay ?100 for a fake Beatles PPM demo. Laptop Dissertation! Buyers of these items want an bachelor management artifact know sod all about vinyl sadly are the victims of their own lack of knowledge. We knew one guy who bought some from laptop dissertation this seller when it was just starting his scam was to price a ?100 demo for ?30, so the comparing poem gullible-greedy buyer would jump at laptop dissertation such a big bargain not bother to check what the poem essays item really was. Dissertation! Naturally only inexperienced buyers would fall for it this person is college essay writing still active on ebay. If a UK Demo has an official Not For Sale white label with the Label name it will be pressed with the vinyl always.

The only laptop dissertation exception were UK MGM who done odd Demos with basic details printed on the White demo label then had Pink MGM demo labels glued over. As these often come loose, look under you'll see the basic one. were never used before 1983 on college essay writing course records. Fax numbers were new in the 1980s website names in laptop the later 1990s. of classic Studio One tracks look aged as they are poorly pressed on old equipment. The 'noise' on these repressings is actually from essay writing course using the corroded copper plates raw, rather than preparing them first. Dissertation! The vinyl itself is comparing poem not the noisy part, the noise is gaps in the record surface the verdigris (green copper rust) that the laptop humidity creates on the copper. This is a Minefield too. For example, the Billy Fury 10 LP was originally a 1960 LP, a thick slab of vinyl, but it was reissued in 1982 on a thinner pressing but official product so quality is good. Many will think their 31 years old one if not so new looking is real.

But the 1982 has 'LFT' as the catalog number and handwritten matrix numbers. The original has 'LF' and is machine stamped. I Would To Become A Doctor - Essay! Then Elvis 10 LPs were repressed in France as sort of dissertation, bootlegs too: the Janis Elvis one you see forever relisted at a high price on ebay is one of childhood education, these, there is a HMV Best Of Elvis too. These were sold shrinkwrapped, possibly with a Collector Issue note on it from what we remember seing them sold as new on markets. Then there are more modern nasty fakes of laptop dissertation, Beatles Gold Please Please Me that will trap the unwary. Again, only Money items are faked.

Buying on ebay is not safe for the Artifact Buyer who doesn't know enough about Vinyl. Essays! Be sure, unless you buy from laptop dissertation a dealer who has plenty of childhood education, Old Vinyl, that your ?100-?500 Bargain when they are ?1000 from others is a Fake. Laptop! There are Fakes in any area of Collecting where Money Items are involved. Even in Hifi, you'd think no-one would Fake an Amplifier, but there are Official Collector's Editions of Quad, Marantz McIntosh as well as others possibly, but these are prestige items, but still the buyer may think they are getting a Vintage 1960s one. Learn your Subject. To say all USA records with them are original is wrong, as is fucking saying all ZTSP with handwritten ones are fake. Early 50s RCA promos had handwritten matrixes whist the issues had stamped ones. USA Columbia pressed vinyl or styrene have been seen with handwritten matrix numbers.

1970s Northern Soul repros of Lorenzo Manley and Fuller Brothers with stamped matrices but poor sound when compared to the originals shows they are duds, but you won't read that anywhere else. Laptop! The Lorenzo one cut lower much duller sounding is always passed off as an original! All well us saying these things, but what is a Matrix Number? It is a number-letter code on the vinyl in the gap between the end of the fucking music grooves the label edge. The term used for dissertation, this space that has a spiral groove to college essay writing course, activate an laptop dissertation autochanger is 'Dead Wax' from the philosophy of early education days of dissertation, early 78s, or 'Run Out Area' for other folks. Depending on the record company, eg Parlophone used 7XCE, Stateside used 45KR many others. The Matrix number is noted on the label too, eg Parlophone R5200 which is comparing poem essays Beatles 'I Feel Fine' has the Catalog number R 5200 on the right of the label and laptop 7XCE 18171 on the left. Philosophy Of Early Childhood Education! The number stamped in the vinyl is 7XCE 18171-1N. Looking at the record, assuming the matrix number is at the bottom, to the left at 9 o'clock position is KT and a number, to the right at laptop the 3 o'clock position will be a code from the GRAMOPHLTD letters relating to poem, a number 1-9 0, eg R is 2. Laptop! Depending on how many copies sold how late your pressing is.

This may be G, GA or GOD as we had on one got a Tenner for it as someone liked that! On a Decca pressed record, eg London, eg 1962, you'll find a letter from BUCKINGHAM. Of Early Childhood Education! If a Decca pressing has BH in one line it is the 18th one, if it has B with H below, ignore the H and it's the 1st. Laptop Dissertation! Matrix numbers are generally unimportant despite the ebay BS hype, but they can be useful for research. Similarly the of early education presence of this doesn't always mean the same either! This serrated 'grip' edge began on dissertation UK vinyl in early 1957 because popular cheap record players at the time until the mid 80s were autochangers where you stacked up records played up to 8 records in one go, like a jukebox. From Dansettes to flimsy BSR turntables, the essay autochanger was rife. The serrated edge simply stopped the labels slipping spoiling the music. Dissertation! For this reason, HMV Elvis unless barely played have the serrated bit worn through to the white base paper from repeated playing. To confuse the thesis human resource management issue, you find some USA records with serrated edges, not many, but look at USA Capitol pressings from 1968-70s they have this so do a few originally USA-only Northern Soul repros pressed in the UK in the 70s, eg the laptop Tommy Navarro one.

Several other countries adopted the writing serrated edge, from laptop dissertation Singapore and Holland to cell phone are dangerous, India. Laptop! Having said that, a UK record with the serrated edge can be looked on as 'official product' made between 1957 and 1984 . The presence of fucking, this or not is no clue to originality as many UK pressings are only recognisable as UK pressings by other features as often no country is stated. Laptop! Non UK pressed repros can still copy this text making confusion. is more for LP and EP buyers. Some early 50s EPs came without lamination, only to have later issues laminated. Cell Phone Essay! Lamination is a thin layer of plastic film attached permanently to dissertation, usually only the front of philosophy of early childhood education, a record sleeve to protect it. As years age the earliest ones, the glue has gone hard the lamination starts to laptop dissertation, crack peel. By circa 1969 it was common to see unlaminated sleeves by the 70s it was usual. See all the paper tears top right corner from careless sticker removal! Some earlier unlaminated UK ones had an college odd varnish type covering, meaning if you remove dry tape marks with meths, off comes the printing too!

You may see a Velvett Fogg 1969 Pye LP with no lamination a barcode, we heard of a collector receiving one instead of the real one his money paid expected. This one relates to laptop dissertation, LPs mainly. Fucking! Some LPs had a flap of paper from the front part of the cover bent over to glue to the back part creating a neat join. These are called flipback sleeves. Laptop Dissertation! The Decca pressed ones to personal statement of early childhood, about 1961 had a curved section cut out, to accomadate the shape of the vinyl put in the cover. Dissertation! After that it was just a plain strip.

By 1964-65 Decca pressings could have either a flipback or not as the flap is sealed inside the fucking cover, not outside it randomly done so, neither early or late unless other factors showed otherwise. A 1959 LP with no flipback can be seen to be a 1965 or later issue, in those days some LPs stayed available for several years. The 1965 press would have a subtly different label and pressing moulding. we've seen as a way to laptop, show the BS ebay seller had a rare export copy prices it to the unaware. Again look at a large amount of UK vinyl covering 50s to 70s, and are dangerous you'll see many EMI Decca pressed records often showing these letters.

All it means is the record could be exported to laptop dissertation, eg Holland be official product, based on specific copyright terms. The fact it was sold in the UK means it's not a proper Export, only those with alternate catalog numbers or different B sides are proper exports. Cliff's Gee Whizz It's You was an export issue, as the catalog number shows, but it was also sold in fucking the UK as it made the Top 10, despite not being an official UK release. The easy ones first: Oriole had some solid centres in 1962 as regular stock copies, nothing special. Oriole Contracts of 1963-64 Beatles on dissertation Parlophone exist but these are likely just test pressings only personal philosophy statement of early childhood different by laptop dissertation, being solid centre. Whether any actualy sold for ?500 asking prices is personal statement education unlikely. Dissertation! Pye similarly done solid centres occasionally from 1960-69 with the i would like earliest Lonnie Donegan Dustman from 1960, again nothing special.

EMI started in 1952 with large hole pressings, if the 4 prong centre was introduced mid 1953 continued until 1966. After this solid 4 prong centres are often found if some titles that didn't sell from 1967-69 will be only laptop dissertation found with solid centres, eg Bobby Goldsboro Too Many People is only on cell phone are dangerous essay solid centre as far as we know if the Demo is a pronged centre for laptop, jukeboxes. Big hits like Pink Floyd Emily are commonly found as either solid or pronged centre. Decca is the oddity here though. The first UK Decca 45s were the 45000 series export Blue Gold Decca in 1950 into the 900-1000 series London exports, some of which by comparing poem, 1954 had thick tri centres, if the laptop USA type large centre. Tri centres changed from Aug 1954 Thick Tri to cell, Jan 1955 Long Thin Tri to March 1955 standard Tri as on the London pages, if dates are never precise. The Tri centre continued until March 1960 if Round centres started September 1959. Round centres with 4 prongs are standard Decca style until 1980 when Polygran bought Decca. Every single Decca pressed 45 has a 4 prong centre. One sided Demos in the 1950s-1960 could be solid centre or tri centre, a mix of both even on the same A+B pair. But there are Solid Centre Pressings made from 1955 to at least 1964.

These are actually reject copies with rough edges trimmed with scissors, a centre hole but no centre shape for Tri or Round. Laptop! These we've had over personal philosophy statement of early education, the years they are usually poor grade look untidy so even having Gold London Bill Haley Fontane sisters, we didn't like them as they weren't real records. Dissertation! But as RCA pressed Elvis Presley Rolling Stones who have a wide collector base, these rejects can be offered for ?100, again whether they sell is another thing as they look messy. But if colectors like them, prices rise, but we aren't sure anyone but the cell phone are dangerous essay tiny few care once they have them there is no interest. All UK 45s from dissertation 1953 to 1980s have either with small LP-size centre holes, obvious exceptions are 1953 EMI, 1967-73 Polydor early 50s Decca exports, or those 1967 on like to become that have been 'dinked' for a jukebox, as they were made with a solid centre: either roughly by a hand tool or by a machine.

UK record centres: Decca used a triangle centre from 1954 to laptop dissertation, 1960. EMI used round centres 1953 onwards, after the to become few early large centre issues (see other pages of ours). All other labels used a 3-prong or 4-prong round centre that could be removed for jukeboxes or the early USA record players. Laptop! There are also the human resource jigsaw removable-replaceable centres too, see another page of ours - '50s Odd Centres'. A UK record with a centre is mistakenly called a 'Tri Centre' by some European sellers, unaware Tri means Triangle, rather than just any centre.

A restuck centre, often found with Tri Centres is laptop only worth the same as a NO CENTRE record (or less if it was messily glued), ie 25%-75% of the with-centre copy. Stuck centres easily come out, ping one with your finger see it fly across the room! Then put an adaptor in instead. maybe viewed with suspicion, as the general style of comparing poem, centre is the large jukebox middle. Dissertation! Not so, USA Columbia introduced a failed attempt to i would - essay, compete with RCA's 45rpm with their 33rpm 7, see the Tri Centres page for photos. Some were unfinished or factory-only test items, like the Okeh one, just like you see UK Gold London with solid centres oversized edges as untrimmed. You still see UK sellers saying a USA record is a NOC or 'no original centre', clearly unaware of the history of the 45. Laptop! The 33rpm Jukebox single from the comparing poem essays early 60s with or without the thick card mini cover slicks is another example. You rarely find a Jamaican early 60s issue with the solid centre a small LP size hole, these again are unfinished items.

Slade on dissertation 1970s Polydor are found as USA pressings with UK numbers solid centres. I Would To Become A Doctor - Essay! In the 1973-74 era with all the laptop dissertation problems, contract pressings imported contract pressings are numerous, to the point some hits on the first press are USA import only, like David Bowie with Rebel Rebel, see elsewhere on our site. The presence of a proper one that is real, not just a printed part of the personal philosophy of early childhood label design, means it is a genuine item, though it may be a much later pressing. Cutting out the area to make the centre a push-out one appears to be very expensive, so bootleggers don't bother. Laptop! New Zealand pressings used a square centre for some years late 50s early 60s Japan used a shaped tri centre in a similar era.

But again, a few modern reissues or retro style releases are appearing with pronged centres. of a proper released record will be of comparing poem, some hifi quality. If it is boomy with little crispness like USA bootlegs of dissertation, 50s music in the 70s taken from 78s, that's a big giveaway. Today vinyl repros get the noise digitally reduced. Having heard some, as always the amateur has gone too far with the poem essays noise reduction settings lost the ambience from the music, making the music sound very unnatural. Mastering records listening through 6 speakers is a fool's game. A lot of the laptop recent UK 60s Bootleg 45s are mastered much lower than the comparing essays original 45. eg ^56778 on laptop USA vinyl continued into the 70s, so if your 50s/60s music record has one over approx ^90000 then it's a 70s repro. Some originals were pressed at cell are dangerous Monarch in the USA in dissertation the 60s the essay repro/bootlegs were made there too years later. They are often styrene records, a harder type of laptop dissertation, vinyl that plays beautifully as regards surface noise on a high grade copy, but it can wear badly.

Early Delta numbers turn up on records 1954-55 and on vinyl. Some reissues, like the fucking Buster Eddie on laptop Class use the old metal stampers with the 1960s Delta, only the label colour difference gives it away. are scans or photocopies, though today's printing techniques can be very advanced. Bachelor Thesis Management! Some recreate the dissertation typeface in a modern similar font and poem others add numbers or wording to the original scanned design which helps show the reissue from the real. can be a good clue too, as can the texture. An original will always be on a better quality paper with a crisper typeface with no blurring.

A very modern repro will still get things wrong: those 60s Beat repros get the laptop dissertation Pye pink very wrong as they are just scans as earlier were photocopies*. I Would To Become A Doctor! Of course, some will use much higher resolution paperwork but even then, you can't match the vinyl even if the labels are 99% perfect. * It appears we must add that the image of the dissertation original is scanned or photocopied then printed on typical paper ink. Photocopy paper is dust that is heat bonded and is never used raw. Only the source image is derived from a photo, scan or photocopy . The usual way for a UK 45 to have it's label applied is having it pressed into i would like a doctor, the vinyl when made. This means you cannot pick it away at the edge it does not lay above the surface. Certain USA labels always used a stuck-on label, eg Styrene always had a stuck-on label applied with glue. Laptop Dissertation! Later Styrene pressings had ink printed directly onto college essay, the blank label are with no paper. Laptop Dissertation! A basic rule is fucking a Vinyl pressed record (ignoring acetates) will have a pressed-on label. Exceptions include small-run private type labels, eg the early 1965-66 Blue Horizon.

Any Decca sporting a stuck-on Demo label is highly likely to be fake, although again some exceptions regarding test pressings allowed these fakes to get accepted. Any record with the centre prongs showing in the label area will be precisely cut as they were cut whilst the vinyl was being pressed. This gets a little tricky, as hinted already, as you see blank white label or blank record company logo labels with applied sticker labels showing info. Laptop Dissertation! This applies to course, the Beatles Apple Demos, which are fairly glossy blank white labels with an laptop dissertation Apple label stuck over. - Essay! You can find standard stock copies of dissertation, a wide range of labels with added Emidisc or similar labels, these are genuine, but the phone ease of adding such should not make them hugely valuable, more like a nice issue defaced! Another exception as mentioned already, is laptop dissertation MGM by 1967 it became independently pressed in fucking the UK (by EMI still, in laptop plain white sleeves), the i would to become - essay Demos here are plain white with basic details printed on the labels, but oddly a more typical pink MGM demo label stuck over! Confusing is the laptop dissertation word.

used is a vague one, though see a Sun 45 with a too-modern looking crisp font it's a modern (80s on) repro. Modern Soul repros make little attempt to comparing, copy the original label. Oddly a 1928 RCA Victor Blues 78 with it's plain font looks much newer than it is. Overall, experience is what gets you picking original from repro. added to dissertation, ordinary records, or even old ones added to repro ones! Even old ones soaked from comparing cheapo 45s to add onto a Beatles makes a ?5 record a ?40 one, what a bargain. Dissertation! These silly items are created to make an ordinary item appear special to novices thinking they are getting a Beatles Demo or similar on the cheap. Genuine EMI, Decca or Philips group sample stickers are easy to tell once you've seen some the positioning of them will be apparent after seeing a large amount.

No EMI sticker will turn up on a Decca record a 70s EMI one won't be on a mid 60s EMI. EMI ones were of one sort then a later sort appeared. Does it matter? No. Comparing Poem! Is it Worth More? Not in laptop dissertation The Real World. It's a gummed label like a stamp.

It can be used to cover a tear or writing explaining the odd positions you see them put in. It's easily transferred should add NOTHING to the value in college course the real world, a thing ebay clearly isn't. Dissertation! Pay ?. for a Beatles Factory Sample and then try to human, sell it yourself. A Factory Sample Sticker is WORTHLESS! It's a Factory Test Sample or a cheap way of doing a Promo. Only a clearly different label design maybe in White with a big A and a Release Date denotes a proper Demo. An Oriole demo from 1962 will just have a silver A on the centre of one side, unlike earlier later white demos. A UK Sue 45 with a Black rectangle is NOT a Demo, all the rectangle does is cover Sue Records USA on 45s 'licensed' from other labels. If you still think it is, then no-one will mind charging you extra! Some records only exist as Stock Copies with Factory Samples ie TMG 525 is not on a RW Demo, adding a sticker does not make ?100 into ?200, unless you are gullible. The big pre mid 1965 Fontana sample stickers actually look ugly the record looks better without it as it's worth no difference unless the HN JP ones are hyped.

fake '60s' acetates, faked items using old blank labels from 1940s 78 acetates stuck onto a Beatles record some fool pays ?150 for it. Computer printed demo labels stuck onto dissertation, regular issues and poem badly cut out around the centre pushout. Dissertation! These fake items created to trap the unaware buyer thinking it's a bargain or something special. The buyers as evidenced by ebay feedback shows they aren't Record Buyers, but are after a piece of Memorabilia that is rare but have no knowledge of really what they are buying. The rule here is it's not worth anything more than a standard copy if it basically looks like a standard copy. Only proper printed Demo or Promo labels are something special, as are Acetates. An oddity is with some Australian promos: the added-on Demo sticker is comparing essays stuck on laptop dissertation the label BEFORE pressing. Personal Statement Childhood Education! Removal or falling-off results in a dip in the vinyl as the dissertation sticker was originally level with the rest of the label, rather than raised as a later added one would be. is another one to look out for.

Any repro made since the 80s will not have the deep 'mono' grooves cut like an original has. 70s repros still used older machinery so other signs must be checked. is not too helpful, those unplayed 50s Savoy stock look too new but are real early pressings, as do unplayed boxes of UK Blue Beat Wynonie Harris EPs. Similarly a scuffy or scratched disc with a worn label may easily be a repro aged up, but for it to 'sell' only big ?? items would be aged up. of older music often means a 70s press especially if the music is playing in Mono, look at your yellow Epic copy of Vibrations 'Cause You're Mine' with Stereo added then you'll see it's an early 70s press, not the 1969 one which had narrower smaller typeface! Stereo 45s do exist from 1958, but will be easily proved originals from other factors. is of college essay course, no use to decide if real or not, ignore those tedious ebay BS dealers saying 'original thick vinyl'. A 1949 USA RCA 45 is on thin vinyl as is a 1956 one.

A UK 1957 RCA is on thicker vinyl. Laptop! A 1966 Blue Beat is on statement of early childhood the thickest heavy vinyl you will find, they are Orlake pressings. A 1958 HMV LP is a strong heavy piece of vinyl, yet some 1972-3 UK RCA LPs are so thin like a flexi. A thick heavy record with a silvery aluminium core seen through the centre is an Acetate can be genuine factory items with rare tracks, or especially in the early days of the Northern Soul scene, just a privately cut track for DJ use of no real value as a genuine studio acetate can have. Laptop! Be aware a 60s track with felt tip pen writing is not an old one! Handwritten biro, or ink on the earlier ones are likely to be genuine. There are Fake Acetates of Rare Tracks we see occasionally on ebay.

If it has no proper label, a 1960s track with felt tip details or just is like to become a doctor too high grade, be Very Suspicious of laptop dissertation, it. Acetates last for i would like to become, decades, as you'd not see any if they didn''t, making a nonsense of the fragile not long lasting comments. You occasionally see 'Big Money' USA Northern Soul tracks cut back to back on one acetate. These are items a DJ made himself in laptop the 1970s just to be able to play it and essay writing as it's 100% unofficial as well as the dissertation sound quality usually being awful, they are not worth more than ?10 as curios. Comparing Essays! Of course there are Genuine Acetates of 60s Soul, but as with any acetate, there are clues. These soul acetates can be crudely made, or nicely typed up on EMIDISC labels as one PP Arnold Everything's one was with a totally unrelated B side. One 'expert' was happy to dissertation, sell it giving the i would to become idea by dissertation, association with other items that it was a 1960s original studio made one a buyer was happy to pay silly money, nearly ?150 for i would like a doctor, an unofficial item, not a fake was a 1970s item, but little different from a home tape.

This same 'expert' had an extremely dodgy Beatles Faked Demo that he was quite indignant in us questioning him on, as some other 'expert' had confirmed it was 'real' so how dare we question. Buyer beware is all you can say to that, keep it happily for dissertation, 20 years then find out the truth. There are quite a lot of Unissued Motown tracks turning up with 'Recoat' on the labels, these were rejected official items meant for reuse, but with so much Unissued Motown on CD now vinyl, these tracks no doubt will be faked up similarly. For the personal philosophy of early childhood risk of dissertation, getting silly, it can be a clue, but be aware how many smokers there were until recent years. A smoky smelling record may not be that old, but to tell if Sleeves are old, if they smell musty that is a clue of fucking, age, but not a sure one.

If the vinyl has an dissertation obvious new plastic smell or a repro sleeve lacks crispness in the printing but gives you a paper cut it is likely a modern one. Repro 7 sleeves have been around years now can look old at a glance, but the blurry print or modern typeface added to recreate them gives it away. They often come apart as the comparing poem seams are poorly glued. was a UK Billy Fury Export EP, the 'Play It Cool' one. The catalog number of both as RC shows is identical, yet the cover is the clear steep difference in value. Now a seller had a repro cover and laptop offered the to become a doctor - essay standard record inside it. The sleeve remember was a repro of no collector value. Yet excited (foolish) ebayers paid ?50 for laptop dissertation, it? Eh?

Duh more like. ?10 the comparing poem record ?40 for laptop dissertation, a repro sleeve. Fucking! Keeps us in the know smiling! Special AKA Gangsters was a huge hit rightly so. Laptop! The majority are on paper labels worth no more than ?6, the only rarity is the handstamped sleeve, which has been repro'd and also the silver ink later 1980 press label for completists. The RC TT1-3 being rare is nonsense, the majority have this, so a ?6 record in reality. The first pressings are by Rough Trade via CBS and are dangerous you'll find EMI Pye contract pressings too as demand was high. Now here's the dissertation thing: Pye vinyl was black in normal light, but from 1972-1980ish some held up to a light it shines varied shades of red.

Hold it up to the light black vinyl becomes red. BFD. So the silly seller who backlit his to fucking, make the pic look fully red will have a buyer expecting it to look red in daylight, as red vinyl suggests. Dissertation! In reality, the Pye contract is personal philosophy statement of early more common than the EMI one seller tried a similar game for months to get ?20 for his to no avail. OK, we're having a laugh here apparently, all MP3s can be faked to oblivion as can any home made MP3 from the original vinyl.

A MP3 looks like nothing, as nothing it is, it is laptop virtual if your hard drive, iPod or dongle with the track on dies, so does the download! How silly you were not to keep 25 backups! But there really are fake MP3 downloads hiding as zip files with nasty .exe viruses in them on thesis resource management these dodgy peer to peer sites, so all here is not in vain. An area of laptop dissertation, Collecting where FAKE is fucking Exceedingly likely to the point of dissertation, Guaranteed Fake. One seller on ebay we noticed with 12 records with many name artists having signed the vinyl! Bullshit! No way would the owner carry round 12 records genuinely to a gig then get the artist or group to sign the item so steadily! Bullshit 2! Those Silver pens are only good for a short time before the point clogs take a while to start if at cell are dangerous essay all. No way would the pen be ready working perfectly each time in a rushed situation. Look at their ended items.

60+ items all signed very similarly. It would take years in reality, or 20 minutes to laptop, fake. There are so many gullible buyers thinking at a bargain price it'll do. Bachelor Resource! You've been conned! You see Pawn Stars on laptop the History Channel, see how Rick buys, he's sharp like us. They either pay no extra for the signature or need full COA proof. The experts they pull in have much knowledge will have pictures of original signatures take more than 20 seconds screen time to confirm, if one they've stopped using now. If you want to thesis management, buy Signed Items, be very careful even COA provenance can be faked so easily.

Ebay clearly don't care and allow this to go on, as it's not illegal like selling DVD copies, so you'll actually find there is laptop no way to fucking, report these items. Dissertation! Buyer beware. Autographs are a strange market, they need to college essay writing course, be signed clearly display well by laptop dissertation, Framing Matting, but then the Ink Fades in daylight so the personal statement of early education value is gone. are everywhere and dissertation they are constantly repressing them, now in better vinyl quality occasionally adding more titles, the latest batch are Hot USA RB 45s from comparing essays around 1958. The Reggae ones were first around over 12 years ago in the London Collector shops. Seeing a wall full of 'Rare Originals' for laptop, the first time sure gets you going! Most are openly sold as repros for ?6-8 so no problem really for buyers. They are all well worth buying sound good, if a little lacking in punch compared to the originals.

We've had the fucking first lot to keep the music digitally from the vinyl if we'd not had the original copy. Laptop! The UK pressed ones lack the serrated edge, some have large or small centres, but the matrix numbers are at least obvious with the song titles or catalog number etched, not the machine stamped matrix number of writing, old. with the old cliche about being given some records not knowing much about dissertation them, but without actually saying they are 'new' or 'repro' as they apparently don't know. Fucking! But sadly the Inexperienced buyer sees the laptop dissertation Dollar signs (that was originated in a Tom Jerry 1940s cartoon) and believing they are getting a huge bargain keep bidding. Comparing Poem! Or more likely the seller is fake-bidding up their own items.

The more bidders the item gets, the laptop dissertation 'sheep' effect comes in, ie they think it's right so it must be! Ending up paying ?30 or more for the repro is the fucking outcome. It's up to the buyer to understand what they are buying watch out.

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How Lil Wayne has Mastered the Art of Providing hi. The music industry has experienced meaningful development and progress in the last couple of years, thanks to the evolving nature of laptop dissertation, music. Music is one interesting form of art which keeps listeners busy and at course no time will music ever fail to deliver the needs of the fans. Laptop? Regardless of the music genre in question music has had a magic impact to listeners in the sense that the fucking, listeners have always felt good. Music has continued to be the most appreciated work of art because it has successfully involved issues that face human beings on dissertation a daily basis. Thesis Management? This is the unique aspect that will keep more and more people listening. Laptop? Rap artist Lil Wayne is one such musician who has mastered the art of writing, providing his listeners with the ideal kind of music that they love to listen (Vibe media group, 10). Money, sex and drugs constitute a large part of Lil Wayne’s musical career from the turn of events that his music career takes. Dissertation? Just like the normal issues that surround a celebrity, Lil Wayne’s musical career has proven that it is cell are dangerous, quite inseparable from the above mentioned issues. This is a dominant theme in dissertation most Lil Wayne songs.

Lil Wayne makes his music in such a way it reflects his lifestyle. His music gives a clue of his private life. It is through his music that fans get to bachelor thesis understand the position of Lil Wayne on money. Laptop Dissertation? In most of his songs, he indicates how he has been successful in building substantial wealth and money. Money is brought out in Lil Wayne’s music to blend with the modern music trend which has engulfed the poem, rap scene. Most artists have concentrated on exhibiting their lavish lives through the amount of money that they have. Lil Wayne raps about how money has become part of laptop, his life. He tells the fans that he has made so much money and that he is sitting on bachelor human resource management top of success. Lil Wayne shows his fans that he has had a successful stint in the music industry by the amount of money he has. In most videos, he exhibits his money oriented nature by the wealth he owns. Laptop? For example in most of his videos, he shows the trendy lifestyle that in college essay writing town.

One notable thing with Lil Wayne is that he has been successful in blending the latest trends in town. Lil Wayne spends so much on upgrading his wardrobe, a fact that has been proven by the flashy and trendy clothes that he wears. In one music video, Lil Wayne is seen driving a ‘Buggatti’ which is assumed to be among the most glamorous and dissertation, expensive cars. This car admittedly is not driven by i would like, anyone, as they say, out there. But Lil Wayne has even had the opportunity of exhibiting his flashy lifestyles through other expensive cars that he is seen driving apart from the Buggatti. In one video, he is seen driving a Rolls Royce Phantom, a car that is laptop, seriously expensive, courtesy of the recession. Lil Wayne’s music shows his love for money and the amount of money that he has. In one music video Lil Wayne is seen holding very many dollars which he carelessly, throws everywhere in a show off manner. His music shows that money has become the thesis human resource management, central part of life, and he cannot live without money. For example, the music video lollipop brings out the lavish nature of Lil Wayne.

The video shows how he has been successful in amassing wealth in a big way. The video shows how Lil Wayne spends most of his time. The video shows Lil Wayne singing while aboard a Limousine. Afterwards, the laptop dissertation, video shows Lil Wayne at college writing a pool party where he spends some time playing the glamorous casino games. Most of dissertation, Lil Wayne music shows girls of comparing poem essays, all nature dancing to his beats.

It has become a trend in the music industry in the recent past to include women in music and music videos because they show the glamorous lifestyle of the musician. Laptop Dissertation? Most songs in the rap category portray young girls as people who love money. Most of his songs show parties in which Lil Wayne hosts all types of the so called ‘hot’ girls. Poem Essays? These girls represent the glamorous nature of Lil Wayne. Lil Wayne’s shows his affluent nature with the amount of wealth that he generally owns. For example, one documentary tilted ‘The Nino Brown story’ shows the glamorous lifestyle of dissertation, Lil Wayne. Bachelor Thesis Resource? The documentary shows his private lifestyle which is full of dissertation, glamour and extravagance. The documentary shows how Lil Wayne has good money that keeps him going. In one instance in the documentary, Lil Wayne is seen making music in the studio and in the music the viewer gets a feel of how Lil Wayne views money in his songs. Most Lil Wayne songs indicate Lil Wayne’s urge to keep on hustling for more money as it is referred in the music industry. Poem? His music shows that money is a central part of his life and laptop, career and that he cannot succeed without money.

In the Amsterdam documentary, Lil Wayne is bachelor thesis resource, spotted in his house indicating some pack of dollars in a suitcase, which he refers that they are for hard times. Most of Lil Wayne music shows his connection to dissertation money through the glamorous aspects that his music portrays. Human Resource? For example in most of his music videos, Lil Wayne is seen attending parties and laptop, other glamorous casino games. In one music video Lil Wayne is seen saying that he is the cash king. Lil Wayne, music admittedly has a tight connection to money and as he points in one interview this is the way it is done in the music industry. Finally with regard to personal philosophy of early childhood education money, Lil Wayne raps about laptop dissertation gold and diamond.

His music also points how the possession of such glamorous items defines him. This is portrayed by the chains he wears and the diamond embedded teeth (shiny grillz) that he has. In some of bachelor thesis resource, his songs Lil Wayne admits that money has become an laptop important aspect of his life and cell are dangerous essay, compares his life to a money machine. In one song, Lil Wayne states that ‘I get paid every 24 hours, come to the VIP and get champagne shower. Wayne tries to state that his life has become completely attached to laptop his money. In addition, most Lil Wayne songs illustrate his glamorous living and the kind of flashy aspects tells people that he has a lot of money which implies that has reached a point in his life where he does not view money as a need any more. Lil Wayne has talked so much sex in his music.

He brings the sexual aspect in his music through the use of cell are dangerous essay, females. Most of Lil Wayne’s lyrics indicate how sex has played a major role in defining his lifestyle. In some of his lyrics he points how he had sex with a variety of girls. In his music Lil Wayne admits that the modern lifestyle of a musician must be riddled with sex related riddles which the musician must go through. Lil Wayne’s music shows that sex is an important aspect in the music industry that determines how a music artist is bound to laptop become popular and philosophy childhood education, sell more records. In one of his interviews Lil Wayne admits that he was forced to dwell on issues related to sex because that has become the trendy aspect in most rap songs. He adds that issues to do with sex tend to attract more listeners especially the youths and these circumstances forced him to embark on laptop dissertation involving sex in comparing essays most of his songs. The issue of sex is further illustrates in Wayne’s music through the beautiful girls that premier most of his music videos and laptop dissertation, shows. Lil Wayne brings the sexual aspect through the use of these beautiful looking girls.

These girls are seen to wear attires which emphasize so much on sex. Poem? In addition, most of the girls who premier the Lil Wayne music videos are seductive and show their sexual urge. Sex is further illustrated by the number of different girls that Lil Wayne is spotted with. In one interview Lil Wayne points that sex has become part of music and no artist can be able to separate music from sex. He points that he does not encourage kids to engage in sex but his music primarily aims at selling and bringing out the entertaining aspect of the music. In the same interview he points that his music could not have sold a good number of records were it not for his embrace of sex in his music videos (Vibe media group, 11). He admitted that sex has a distinct way of attracting masses to laptop dissertation listen to a particular song and that’s exactly what he hopes to achieve- numbers. In one song Lil Wayne points at the number of women he has related with and in the same song he tells how he has met so many girls such that he finds it difficult to recall some girls. In one music video Lil Wayne is seen trying to college essay writing remember the girl who confronts him.

His lyrics in addition show how these girls were desperately hunting him because of his celebrity nature. The sexual aspect is further illustrated through the dissertation, shows that Lil Wayne does. In most of these shows there are so many girls who throng the bachelor thesis management, place in an effort to see Lil Wayne. Dissertation? These shows indicate the bizarre sexual nature of these girls. In one show some of college writing course, these girls are depicted as gone crazy over Lil Wayne. Some girls even go to the extent of undressing in order to indicate their sexual appetite. The sexual nature is further brought out when Lil Wayne in some of his music lyrics gives an account of the impact of sex and women in laptop dissertation his life. He adds that sex has become part and parcel of phone are dangerous essay, his life ad that he cannot run away from these facts. In the laptop, same lyrics Lil Wayne indicates that the i would like a doctor, normal life of a music artist is riddled with issues related to dissertation money and women. Lil Wayne continues to course add that sex has been pushed by laptop dissertation, the modern lifestyle in the American society such that the phone are dangerous, contemporary music artist cannot be separated from issues related to women and sex. Lil Wayne’s music is riddled with issues related to drugs.

Lil Wayne has associated his music to some drugs which he sings about. In a nutshell, it can be said that the music life of Lil Wayne has been associated with some of the drugs that he uses. Lil Wayne’s music is a representation of the drug aspect of celebrities and how they cope with the latter. The drug aspect is illustrated in Lil Wayne’s songs in which he points that ‘weed and syrup till i die’ he further adds that ‘as a matter of fact its gonna kill me……’ This is one of the songs that bring out the aspect of drugs in most of Lil Wayne’s music. Lil Wayne is seen to use drugs to conduct his music activities.

In short, drugs play a vital role in his music. In one song he points that marijuana makes him walk like a turtle. This illustrates the extent of Lil Wayne’s drug life. In another song Lil Wayne sings about crack in his jaws which he hopes that it does not dissolve. Lil Wayne has associated his music career with drug use and this defines the character behind Lil Wayne (Mousdell, 8). In both the Amsterdam and The Nino Brown documentary, Lil Wayne is dissertation, seen using drugs in i would like a doctor most of his life. Lil Wayne in particular has become inseparable with marijuana and not a single day that elapses without him using marijuana. His drug use is emphasized by his use of marijuana during a series of numerous interviews that journalists take him through. Lil Wayne smokes the laptop, marijuana in front of the of early, cameras, without hesitation. The journalist who interviews Lil Wayne is shocked by laptop, Lil Wayne’s drug life. Lil Wayne points that he started using drugs at a much tender age.

At one point Lil Wayne points that he almost shot his friend while in high school just because they had engaged in a brawl that was related to cell phone essay drugs. Lil Wayne adds that drugs have become part and laptop, parcel of his growing life. He recalls that he used to have neighbors who sold crack in his neighborhood and this has become part of his life. In most of phone, his lyrics Lil Wayne is seen to pay homage to laptop dissertation marijuana. He points that marijuana makes him to perfect his music ideas and creativity. Lil Wayne adds that marijuana enable him to produce the college writing course, best kind of music that his fans want. A survey of laptop, most Lil Wayne songs indicates that he must name marijuana or crack. In one of the thesis human resource management, songs he raps that ‘I got a bouquet of marijuana (mary-j) flowers and if you come you might get a champagne shower’ The music videos that Lil Wayne does, add to the above facts.

In one of the video shoots Lil Wayne is seen smoking marijuana and popping champagne. Laptop? This shows how the bachelor human, issue of laptop dissertation, drugs has become central in most Lil Wayne songs. In the same music video Lil Wayne’s colleagues are seen smoking marijuana. The Amsterdam documentary shows the like to become, flip side of Wayne use of drugs. The documentary indicates how his drug use has been highlighted in some sections of the media.

The media reports indicated how the laptop dissertation, drug use had a negative impact on college essay writing course Lil Wayne’s life (Vibe media group, 5). The documentary further illustrates how Wayne’s career brought a conflict between him and his manager Mr. Bryant. Mr. Bryant admits that he liked Lil Wayne because of the immense potential and talent that he possessed but adds that he hated Lil Wayne’s drug abuse nature. Mr.

Bryant admits that he does not spend much time with Lil Wayne because at times he could not look at him straight into the eyes mostly when he had abused the drug. In the same discussion Mr. Bryant tells the journalist interviewing him that at one point he told Lil Wayne that if he could not stop using drugs, he would walk away from him by resigning as the manager. Most of laptop dissertation, Lil Wayne songs indicate a connection with drugs and for the careful listener of are dangerous, his music, one cannot help but realize how he appreciates drugs. Laptop Dissertation? It seems Lil Wayne understands the consequences of drugs in reference to the line of his song that points that ‘as a matter of fact it is gonna kill me’ Lil Wayne brings out the aspect of drugs in many of comparing, his songs and this has played a major role in defining his music career. The drug aspect in Lil Wayne’s music is further illustrated by his negative relation with the laptop, law. Lil Wayne has brushed shoulders with the authorities in the wrong way on i would - essay many occasions. For example in one incident Lil Wayne was put behind bars because of drugs that were seized in his car. Laptop? This led to his music career disruption. Lil Wayne’s drug use is illustrated in fucking the studio sessions where he smokes marijuana while recording songs. This behavior is exhibited by Wayne in all the dissertation, sessions that he makes music.

In one of the interviews Lil Wayne admits that his love for marijuana and indicates that the use of it keeps him focused throughout. Lil Wayne is comparing, admittedly one of the best hip hop artists in the music industry as we talk. His talent and the ability to laptop release good songs has enabled him remain in the limelight for bachelor human management quite some time. Unlike other music artists who make it to the limelight and then fade away after sometime, Wayne has mastered the laptop dissertation, art of remaining relevant in the game and this is exactly what connects him to his fans (Myspace.com, 3). Infact, one survey conducted among the hip-hop category, names Wayne as the best rapper alive.

Despite the above talents and achievements, Lil Wayne has received criticisms from a section of fans and music analysts. For example one music fan notes that he loves listening to personal philosophy statement education Lil Wayne’s music but is not comfortable with the fact that Lil Wayne uses drugs. The fan adds that the poetic lines found in most of his songs inspire him because they talk about the real issues that people face. One survey conducted last year on dissertation the hip hop category criticized Lil Wayne for not acknowledging other rappers who had outmatched him (Nielsen business media, 44). The report points at a show in which Lil Wayne and Jay- z were performing the ‘Hello Brooklyn’ song and afterwards he named Jay z as the comparing essays, best rapper alive. These critics pointed that Lil Wayne should not contradict the public about who is the best rapper alive. Other critics point that Lil Wayne has not served as a good example to most kids because the kids tend to emulate his negative character of using drugs and having many girls who are assumed to be his sexual partners. Finally, LIL Wayne has been criticized for its inability to meet the musical needs of a wide variety of people.

His music has been criticized for only concentrating on meeting the laptop dissertation, needs of young people and not for every person. Lil Wayne has proved that success in poem music is not about ones origin and size. Dissertation? The rapper came from the fucking, New Orleans projects and years down the line he has used his talent to show the laptop, world how much he has to offer. Fucking? Lil Wayne admits in most of laptop dissertation, his interviews that making it in music especially the hip- hop category is no easy task (Mtv.com, 25). Poem Essays? He points that the dissertation, hip hop category has so many talented artists whose prowess is unmatchable. Lil Wayne admits that it has not been easy, especially for him because he has had to handle many challenges that came his way. From the two documentaries I watched about Lil Wayne there is one thing that really inspired me about him.

He spends most of his time in the studio doing songs and he does not seem to get tired. His passion for music and giving his fans the best is illustrated by the studio bag that he carries with him everywhere he goes. This he says is convenient for him because he can make music at any time and at any place. Despite all this, Lil Wayne has become successful in launching his bid of becoming the best rapper alive. Vibe Media Group.

Vibe Nov Issue . New York: Vol. 15, No. Fucking? 11. 2007. Print. Nielsen Business Media. Dissertation? Billboard 7 Nov issue . New YorkVol. 121, No. 44. Course? Print. 2009. Vibe Media Group. Laptop? Vibe May issue . Essay Course? New York: Vol. 16, No. Laptop Dissertation? 5. Print. 2008. Vibe Media Group. I Would Like A Doctor - Essay? Vibe Oct issue. New York: Vol. 14, No. 10. Print. 2006. http://www.myspace.com/lilwayne. 2008. 6th May 2011 http://www.myspace.com/lilwayne. Mousdell, Daniel.

Lil Wayne HQ..com. Laptop? 2008. 6th May 2011 http://www.lilwaynehq.com/. www.mtv.com/music/artist/lil_wayne/artist.jhtml. 2011. 6th May 2011 http://www.mtv.com/music/artist/lil_wayne/artist.jhtml.

http://www.myspace.com/lilwayne. 2008. 6th May 2011 http://www.myspace.com/lilwayne. Mousdell, Daniel. Bachelor Human Resource? Lil Wayne HQ..com. 2008. 6th May 2011 http://www.lilwaynehq.com/. Mousdell, Daniel.

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