A level english essay plan

Are we celebrating SoftBank and Nikesh Arora too soon? This post has been corrected. Around two years ago, India’s technology startup space was dominated by a level American investors such as Tiger Global and Sequoia Capital. Thinking Apps! But it all started changing in October 2014 when Japan’s SoftBank announced investments of around $800 million in two Indian startupsonline retailer Snapdeal and ride-hailing startup Ola. The telecom giant, led by essay plan Masayoshi Son, one of holiday Japan’s richest men, has not slowed down in Asia’s third-largest economy since then. Essay! SoftBank has ploughed in around $2 billion (Rs13,500 crore) in India over the last 18 months, making it one of the largest investors in critical apps, the country’s startup ecosystem, according to The Economic Times newspaper. That has given entrepreneurs and plan, the media enough reason to celebrate Nikesh Arora, the school, India-born president of SoftBank. Most of a level essay SoftBank’s investments in critical thinking company apps, India have happened after he joined the group in english plan, July 2014. Late last year, The Times of argumentive on wisdom-educate India newspaper named Arora investor of the year for 2015. “Arora emerged as a clear winner in english plan, a year when the Japanese internet and telecoms giant doubled down on the Indian market with fresh investments in Oyo (Rooms) and Grofers,” the newspaper said. But not everyone appears to like the praises being showered on SoftBank. The investor, famed for argumentive some marquee global investments such as China’s largest online retail group Alibaba, has not been able to work its magic here yet.

Except for Ola and english plan, Snapdeal, most other investments of SoftBank in India are still far from showing any promise. “What SoftBank has done outside India is very different from what SoftBank is doing within India. Essay! They’re almost like two different companies with two different philosophies,” Mahesh Murthy, serial entrepreneur and cofounder of english essay plan investment firm Seedfund, told Quartz. “SoftBank outside India has made very deep, long-term visionary bets on broad technologies. SoftBank in thinking apps, India has actually made shallow bets, which are probably more driven by momentum.” “What SoftBank has done outside India is very different from what SoftBank is doing within India.” SoftBank did not reply to a detailed questionnaire from Quartz on how it views such comments. “SoftBank is very bullish on english, India and we plan to stay invested and on wisdom-educate, help all our portfolio companies here grow and prosper,” a company spokesperson told Quartz. On Jan. 4, Sumanth Raghavendra, founder of Deck App Technologies, a software startup, tweeted that The Times of India’s decision to name Arora investor of the year was “egregious.” “Anyone can tell you that a VC (venture capitalist) is measured only by one of three things. First and english, most importantly, realised gainsNikesh’s score for essay school 2015 is zero, but given that SB (SoftBank) is not a pure VC as such, let’s gloss over it,” Raghavendra explained in subsequent tweets. “Second, is essay plan mark-upshas any co (companies) of his followed up with rounds at steep markups lead by external investorsnone that I know of. Finally, impact on ecosystemsome fundamental change in investing philosophy or outlookArguably none of Nikesh’s bets have had any such impact (yet). Of course, the holiday, terrible lessons from a level english plan, Housing notwithstanding,” he added. Arora took the benefits modified, remarks in his stride.

Totally agree :). Too early to essay tell. There are up rounds led by thinking company others, still too early. https://t.co/lw02TRXDGZ. On Jan. 21, SoftBank said it would invest Rs100 crore in real estate portal Housing.com. This is its second disclosed investment in the Mumbai-based startup. In December 2014, SoftBank had pumped in $90 million (Rs570 crore) into english plan it, becoming the largest investor in the Mumbai-based company. Even though SoftBank has been bullish on the company, Housing.com has been firefighting issues ranging from the comparison essay, dramatic exit of Rahul Yadav, a cofounder and former CEO, to employee layoffs. A Level English Essay! “Investment after investment, SoftBank has not done so great in India,” Seedfund’s Murthy told Quartz. “While Masayoshi Son has an contrast admirable track record, I am not so sure of SoftBank India, which seems to be largely full of duds as of right now.”

This is what SoftBank’s India portfolio currently looks like, according to data provided by Tracxn: Many companies in english, SoftBank’s India portfolio are in the news for wrong reasons. Housing.com: Just three months after SoftBank’s first investment in Housing.com, in December 2014, the startup spent over Rs120 crore on a marketing blitzkrieg. The cash-burn evoked criticism, as Housing.comlike most of its peerswas (and still remains) far from profitability. For fiscal 2015, Housing.com posted a net loss of technology changing education Rs279 croresix times its loss in the previous fiscal. Its total revenue during the year was Rs12.7 crore. Its competitor, CommonFloor (now acquired by Quikr), reported a loss of Rs86 crore and a level, revenue of Rs45 crore in the same period. In subsequent months, the startup was mired in controversies involving its cofounder Yadav.

He first wrote a rude email to Sequoia Capital managing director Shailendra Singh. This was followed by another scathing email to Housing’s own investors. Yadav then sent an internal email that attracted a Rs100-crore legal notice from India’s largest media house, Times Group. In the internal email, Yadav alleged that the Times Group was out to “malign” Housing.com. Wuthering Heights Essay! In July 2015, Yadav was finally fired from his own company. But Housing.com’s troubles did not end. It laid off around 800 employees in two tranchesin August 2015 and November 2015. A Level English! “Housing.com is in a no man’s land right now. It’s all over the place, lacks strong leadership and needs to take a stand on its direction in the next financial year, otherwise its future is in trouble,” Sanchit Gogia, chief analyst at argumentive essay on wisdom-educate, Greyhound Research, a research and a level english plan, advisory firm, told Quartz. OYO Rooms: SoftBank led a $100-million investment round in the then two-year-old budget hotel rooms aggregator in August 2015. Since OYO Rooms’ inception in 2013, its 22-year-old founder and CEO, Ritesh Agarwal, has been widely celebrated for being one of the country’s youngest entrepreneurs. But in January 2015, an investigative report in the Mint newspaper exposed several incidents that reflected poorly on OYO Rooms and its team.

The report said that Agarwal had made false claims on his resume and even wrongfully booted out a cofounder. Wuthering Heights! The Mint said that Agarwal had purchased the platform on which OYO Room works from NCrypted Technologies, based in Rajkot, Gujarat. Agarwal had till now presented himself as a “coder.” According to Gogia of Greyhound Research, the startup is english essay plan “trying to grab whatever it can get, without focusing on any one segment.” “That’s not a strong fundamental for a business. That’s not how businesses succeed,” Gogia said. Grofers : SoftBank invested $120 million in the on-demand groceries delivery startup in November 2015.

Even though on-demand startups are red hot in India, this Gurgaon-based company reportedly shut operations in nine cities in January. The company said its business in these cities was not growing as expected. “The Housing.com issue became so big and SoftBank, one of the investors, did nothing. It was a pretty immense issue. And in Grofers, the basic model itself was suspect,” Murthy said. Founded in 2013, Grofers was initially supposed to focus on the business-to-business segment, before it changed its model in early 2015 and became a hyperlocal business-to-consumer delivery startup. “We have made a lot of mistakes before arriving at a viable business proposition,” Grofers’s cofounder Albinder Dhindsa had told YourStory in April 2015. But SoftBank’s India portfolio also includes two companies that are among the leaders in their segmentsOla and Snapdeal. Ride-hailing startup Ola was one of the benefits of genetically modified organisms, best-performing startups in India during 2015.

Among other things, the company acquired competitor TaxiForSure in a level english essay, March 2015, raised $1.2 billion in the year ending November 2015, and brought on board China’s leading taxi-hailing company, Didi Kuaidi, as an investor. In December 2015, Ola also entered into a partnership with global players like Didi Kuaidi, Lyft, and school, GrabTaxi to allow users to book cabs from each other’s apps in all the regions where they operate. All these moves have strengthened Ola’s position against english essay plan competitor Uber. “Ola has picked up the right battle and gone after that. School! They have focused really well on a level essay, the core thing and wuthering moors essay, look at the end product; their user interface is brilliant and it’s a great app,” Gogia of a level english Greyhound said. “Another thing that stands out for Ola is that the company has been able to moors essay move the ecosystem (drivers and regulators) with it and done that very well. English Essay Plan! I think Ola is a great investment.” Similarly, Snapdeal performed well during 2015. For the year ended March 2015, Gurgaon-based e-commerce startup reported a 301% jump in gross merchandise volume (GMV)the total value of goods sold through a marketplaceat around $2 billion. At the end of August 2015, its cofounder and CEO Kunal Bahl told The Economic Times that his company had achieved a GMV of $4 billion and essay school, was all set to a level english essay plan topple sector leader Flipkart. “The one thing I am very, very clear about right now is that I think we’re going to be number one (in terms of modified organisms sales) by March 2016,” Bahl said. “I think we’re going to beat Flipkart by plan then.” Having invested aggressively through 2014 and 2015, Arora believes Indian startups will have to focus on essay holiday, execution in 2016. “Valuations (went up) very quickly in 2015. I am sure in 2016 we are going to see some mishaps and it is going to be the year of a level english plan execution,” Arora reportedly said at benefits of genetically modified, the Indian government’s Startup India event on Jan.16. “In the last two weeks, we have seen that a higher degree of risks has come into the market, so there is english a little bit of trepidation and caution.” On Jan. 9, Arora tweeted: thanks @1kunalbahl . now it's just a simple matter of execution. https://t.co/IhBFn72lnt. Surely, it’s easier said than done.

Correction: A previous version of this post incorrectly mentioned that the Mint newspaper’s investigative report on wuthering moors essay, OYO Rooms was published in December 2015. It was, in fact, published in essay, January 2015.

Politics and the English Language. Most people who bother with the matter at all would admit that the English language is in plan a bad way, but it is generally assumed that we cannot by thinking company apps, conscious action do anything about it. Our civilization is decadent and our language � so the argument runs � must inevitably share in the general collapse. It follows that any struggle against the abuse of a level english language is a sentimental archaism, like preferring candles to electric light or hansom cabs to aeroplanes. Underneath this lies the half-conscious belief that language is a natural growth and not an argumentive essay, instrument which we shape for our own purposes. Now, it is english clear that the decline of a language must ultimately have political and economic causes: it is not due simply to the bad influence of this or that individual writer. But an effect can become a cause, reinforcing the original cause and producing the same effect in benefits of genetically an intensified form, and so on indefinitely. A man may take to drink because he feels himself to essay be a failure, and then fail all the more completely because he drinks.

It is rather the company apps, same thing that is happening to the English language. A Level Essay? It becomes ugly and holiday inaccurate because our thoughts are foolish, but the slovenliness of our language makes it easier for us to have foolish thoughts. The point is essay plan that the process is reversible. Modern English, especially written English, is full of bad habits which spread by imitation and which can be avoided if one is willing to take the necessary trouble. Essay School Holiday? If one gets rid of these habits one can think more clearly, and to think clearly is a necessary first step toward political regeneration: so that the fight against bad English is not frivolous and is not the exclusive concern of english essay plan professional writers. I will come back to this presently, and on wisdom-educate I hope that by that time the a level plan, meaning of essay what I have said here will have become clearer. Meanwhile, here are five specimens of the English language as it is now habitually written. These five passages have not been picked out a level essay plan, because they are especially bad � I could have quoted far worse if I had chosen � but because they illustrate various of the mental vices from which we now suffer. They are a little below the average, but are fairly representative examples. Technology? I number them so that I can refer back to them when necessary: 1. I am not, indeed, sure whether it is not true to say that the Milton who once seemed not unlike a seventeenth-century Shelley had not become, out of an experience ever more bitter in english each year, more alien [sic] to the founder of that Jesuit sect which nothing could induce him to essay on wisdom-educate tolerate.

Professor Harold Laski (Essay in Freedom of english Expression ) 2. Above all, we cannot play ducks and drakes with a native battery of idioms which prescribes egregious collocations of vocables as the Basic put up with for tolerate , or put at a loss for bewilder . Professor Lancelot Hogben ( Interglossia ) 3. Wuthering Essay? On the one side we have the free personality: by definition it is a level not neurotic, for it has neither conflict nor dream. Its desires, such as they are, are transparent, for they are just what institutional approval keeps in the forefront of consciousness; another institutional pattern would alter their number and intensity; there is little in them that is of genetically modified natural, irreducible, or culturally dangerous. But on the other side , the social bond itself is nothing but the mutual reflection of these self-secure integrities. Essay Plan? Recall the definition of love. Holiday? Is not this the very picture of a small academic? Where is there a place in this hall of mirrors for either personality or fraternity?

Essay on psychology in Politics (New York) 4. All the �best people� from the gentlemen's clubs, and essay all the frantic fascist captains, united in argumentive on wisdom-educate common hatred of Socialism and bestial horror at the rising tide of the essay plan, mass revolutionary movement, have turned to acts of provocation, to foul incendiarism, to medieval legends of thinking company poisoned wells, to legalize their own destruction of a level english essay plan proletarian organizations, and rouse the agitated petty-bourgeoise to benefits organisms chauvinistic fervor on behalf of the fight against the revolutionary way out of the crisis. 5. If a new spirit is to be infused into a level english plan, this old country, there is one thorny and contentious reform which must be tackled, and that is the humanization and galvanization of the B.B.C. Timidity here will bespeak canker and atrophy of the soul. The heart of Britain may be sound and of strong beat, for thinking company apps, instance, but the British lion's roar at present is like that of Bottom in Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream � as gentle as any sucking dove. A virile new Britain cannot continue indefinitely to be traduced in english plan the eyes or rather ears, of the world by the effete languors of critical Langham Place, brazenly masquerading as �standard English�. English Essay Plan? When the Voice of Britain is heard at nine o'clock, better far and infinitely less ludicrous to hear aitches honestly dropped than the present priggish, inflated, inhibited, school-ma'amish arch braying of blameless bashful mewing maidens! Letter in Tribune. Each of these passages has faults of its own, but, quite apart from avoidable ugliness, two qualities are common to all of them.

The first is staleness of imagery; the other is lack of precision. The writer either has a meaning and cannot express it, or he inadvertently says something else, or he is almost indifferent as to whether his words mean anything or not. This mixture of vagueness and sheer incompetence is the wuthering heights, most marked characteristic of modern English prose, and especially of any kind of political writing. A Level English Essay? As soon as certain topics are raised, the concrete melts into the abstract and no one seems able to think of turns of speech that are not hackneyed: prose consists less and less of words chosen for moors essay, the sake of their meaning, and more and more of phrases tacked together like the sections of a level a prefabricated hen-house. I list below, with notes and examples, various of the tricks by means of which the work of prose-construction is habitually dodged. DYING METAPHORS. A newly invented metaphor assists thought by evoking a visual image, while on the other hand a metaphor which is technically �dead� (e. g. iron resolution) has in effect reverted to essay on wisdom-educate being an english plan, ordinary word and can generally be used without loss of vividness. But in between these two classes there is heights essay a huge dump of worn-out metaphors which have lost all evocative power and are merely used because they save people the a level english essay plan, trouble of changing inventing phrases for themselves. Examples are: Ring the changes on, take up the cudgel for, toe the line, ride roughshod over, stand shoulder to shoulder with, play into the hands of, no axe to grind, grist to the mill, fishing in essay plan troubled waters, on the order of the day, Achilles� heel, swan song, hotbed . Many of these are used without knowledge of their meaning (what is holiday a �rift�, for instance?), and incompatible metaphors are frequently mixed, a sure sign that the writer is not interested in what he is saying.

Some metaphors now current have been twisted out of a level their original meaning without those who use them even being aware of the fact. Changing? For example, toe the line is sometimes written as tow the line . Another example is the hammer and the anvil , now always used with the implication that the a level english plan, anvil gets the worst of it. In real life it is always the anvil that breaks the hammer, never the other way about: a writer who stopped to think what he was saying would avoid perverting the original phrase. OPERATORS OR VERBAL FALSE LIMBS. These save the trouble of picking out appropriate verbs and nouns, and at help comparison, the same time pad each sentence with extra syllables which give it an appearance of symmetry. Characteristic phrases are render inoperative, militate against, make contact with, be subjected to, give rise to, give grounds for, have the effect of, play a leading part (role) in, make itself felt, take effect, exhibit a tendency to, serve the essay, purpose of, etc., etc. The keynote is the elimination of simple verbs. Thinking Apps? Instead of being a single word, such as break, stop, spoil, mend, kill, a verb becomes a phrase , made up of a noun or adjective tacked on a level english plan to some general-purpose verb such as prove, serve, form, play, render . Critical Company Apps? In addition, the passive voice is wherever possible used in preference to the active, and noun constructions are used instead of gerunds ( by examination of instead of by examining ). The range of verbs is further cut down by means of the a level essay plan, -ize and de- formations, and the banal statements are given an appearance of profundity by means of the argumentive on wisdom-educate, not un- formation. Simple conjunctions and essay plan prepositions are replaced by such phrases as with respect to, having regard to, the fact that, by dint of, in view of, in the interests of, on the hypothesis that ; and essay on wisdom-educate the ends of sentences are saved by anticlimax by such resounding commonplaces as greatly to be desired, cannot be left out of a level english account, a development to essay be expected in a level english essay the near future, deserving of serious consideration, brought to a satisfactory conclusion, and technology essay so on and so forth. PRETENTIOUS DICTION.

Words like phenomenon, element, individual (as noun), objective, categorical, effective, virtual, basic, primary, promote, constitute, exhibit, exploit, utilize, eliminate, liquidate, are used to dress up a simple statement and give an air of scientific impartiality to biased judgements. Adjectives like epoch-making, epic, historic, unforgettable, triumphant, age-old, inevitable, inexorable, veritable, are used to dignify the sordid process of international politics, while writing that aims at plan, glorifying war usually takes on an archaic colour, its characteristic words being: realm, throne, chariot, mailed fist, trident, sword, shield, buckler, banner, jackboot, clarion. Foreign words and expressions such as cul de sac, ancien regime, deus ex machina, mutatis mutandis, status quo, gleichschaltung, weltanschauung, are used to give an air of culture and elegance. Except for the useful abbreviations i. e., e. g. and etc., there is no real need for any of the hundreds of foreign phrases now current in the English language. Bad writers, and especially scientific, political, and sociological writers, are nearly always haunted by the notion that Latin or Greek words are grander than Saxon ones, and unnecessary words like expedite, ameliorate, predict, extraneous, deracinated, clandestine, subaqueous, and hundreds of others constantly gain ground from wuthering heights, their Anglo-Saxon numbers (1) . The jargon peculiar to Marxist writing ( hyena, hangman, cannibal, petty bourgeois, these gentry, lackey, flunkey, mad dog, White Guard, etc.) consists largely of words translated from Russian, German, or French; but the normal way of coining a new word is to use Latin or Greek root with the appropriate affix and, where necessary, the size formation. It is often easier to make up words of this kind ( deregionalize, impermissible, extramarital, non-fragmentary and so forth) than to think up the English words that will cover one's meaning. The result, in general, is an a level english plan, increase in slovenliness and vagueness. MEANINGLESS WORDS. In certain kinds of technology essay writing, particularly in art criticism and literary criticism, it is normal to come across long passages which are almost completely lacking in meaning (2) . Words like romantic, plastic, values, human, dead, sentimental, natural, vitality, as used in art criticism, are strictly meaningless, in the sense that they not only do not point to any discoverable object, but are hardly ever expected to do so by the reader. When one critic writes, �The outstanding feature of Mr. X's work is its living quality�, while another writes, �The immediately striking thing about Mr.

X's work is its peculiar deadness�, the reader accepts this as a simple difference opinion. If words like black and white were involved, instead of the jargon words dead and living , he would see at once that language was being used in an improper way. Many political words are similarly abused. The word Fascism has now no meaning except in so far as it signifies �something not desirable�. English Essay Plan? The words democracy, socialism, freedom, patriotic, realistic, justice have each of them several different meanings which cannot be reconciled with one another. Wuthering? In the case of a word like democracy , not only is there no agreed definition, but the attempt to make one is resisted from a level english plan, all sides.

It is almost universally felt that when we call a country democratic we are praising it: consequently the essay, defenders of english essay every kind of regime claim that it is a democracy, and fear that they might have to stop using that word if it were tied down to any one meaning. Words of this kind are often used in a consciously dishonest way. That is, the person who uses them has his own private definition, but allows his hearer to think he means something quite different. Statements like Marshal Petain was a true patriot, The Soviet press is the freest in the world, The Catholic Church is critical thinking apps opposed to persecution, are almost always made with intent to deceive. A Level? Other words used in benefits organisms variable meanings, in most cases more or less dishonestly, are: class, totalitarian, science, progressive, reactionary, bourgeois, equality. Now that I have made this catalogue of swindles and perversions, let me give another example of the a level essay plan, kind of writing that they lead to.

This time it must of its nature be an school, imaginary one. I am going to a level english essay translate a passage of changing essay good English into modern English of the worst sort. English Essay Plan? Here is comparison essay a well-known verse from Ecclesiastes : I returned and saw under the sun, that the race is not to the swift, nor the battle to a level essay the strong, neither yet bread to the wise, nor yet riches to men of understanding, nor yet favour to men of skill; but time and chance happeneth to them all. Here it is in wuthering heights moors modern English: Objective considerations of contemporary phenomena compel the conclusion that success or failure in competitive activities exhibits no tendency to be commensurate with innate capacity, but that a considerable element of the unpredictable must invariably be taken into account. This is a parody, but not a very gross one. Exhibit (3) above, for english plan, instance, contains several patches of the company, same kind of English. English Essay? It will be seen that I have not made a full translation. The beginning and help contrast essay ending of the sentence follow the original meaning fairly closely, but in the middle the a level plan, concrete illustrations � race, battle, bread � dissolve into the vague phrases �success or failure in competitive activities�. This had to wuthering moors be so, because no modern writer of the kind I am discussing � no one capable of a level english plan using phrases like �objective considerations of contemporary phenomena� � would ever tabulate his thoughts in that precise and detailed way.

The whole tendency of modern prose is away from thinking company apps, concreteness. Now analyze these two sentences a little more closely. English? The first contains forty-nine words but only sixty syllables, and all its words are those of everyday life. Essay? The second contains thirty-eight words of ninety syllables: eighteen of those words are from Latin roots, and one from Greek. The first sentence contains six vivid images, and english essay plan only one phrase (�time and chance�) that could be called vague. Critical Apps? The second contains not a single fresh, arresting phrase, and in spite of its ninety syllables it gives only plan, a shortened version of the meaning contained in the first. Yet without a doubt it is the second kind of sentence that is heights gaining ground in modern English. I do not want to exaggerate. This kind of writing is not yet universal, and outcrops of simplicity will occur here and there in the worst-written page.

Still, if you or I were told to write a few lines on the uncertainty of human fortunes, we should probably come much nearer to my imaginary sentence than to the one from Ecclesiastes . As I have tried to show, modern writing at its worst does not consist in picking out words for the sake of their meaning and inventing images in order to make the english essay, meaning clearer. It consists in gumming together long strips of wuthering heights words which have already been set in order by someone else, and making the results presentable by sheer humbug. The attraction of this way of writing is that it is easy. It is easier � even quicker, once you have the habit � to say In my opinion it is not an a level english plan, unjustifiable assumption that than to say I think . If you use ready-made phrases, you not only don't have to hunt about for the words; you also don't have to bother with the benefits of genetically, rhythms of your sentences since these phrases are generally so arranged as to a level english essay be more or less euphonious. When you are composing in a hurry � when you are dictating to a stenographer, for instance, or making a public speech � it is natural to fall into a pretentious, Latinized style. Tags like a consideration which we should do well to bear in mind or a conclusion to which all of us would readily assent will save many a sentence from coming down with a bump. By using stale metaphors, similes, and idioms, you save much mental effort, at the cost of leaving your meaning vague, not only for your reader but for yourself. This is the significance of mixed metaphors. Benefits? The sole aim of a metaphor is to call up a visual image.

When these images clash � as in The Fascist octopus has sung its swan song, the jackboot is thrown into the melting pot � it can be taken as certain that the writer is not seeing a mental image of the objects he is naming; in a level plan other words he is not really thinking. Look again at the examples I gave at the beginning of contrast essay this essay. Professor Laski (1) uses five negatives in fifty three words. One of these is superfluous, making nonsense of the whole passage, and in addition there is the slip � alien for akin � making further nonsense, and english essay plan several avoidable pieces of clumsiness which increase the general vagueness. Professor Hogben (2) plays ducks and of genetically modified organisms drakes with a battery which is able to essay write prescriptions, and, while disapproving of the everyday phrase put up with , is unwilling to look egregious up in benefits of genetically organisms the dictionary and see what it means; (3), if one takes an uncharitable attitude towards it, is simply meaningless: probably one could work out its intended meaning by reading the whole of the a level english essay plan, article in which it occurs. In (4), the writer knows more or less what he wants to essay say, but an a level plan, accumulation of holiday stale phrases chokes him like tea leaves blocking a sink. In (5), words and meaning have almost parted company.

People who write in this manner usually have a general emotional meaning � they dislike one thing and want to express solidarity with another � but they are not interested in essay plan the detail of what they are saying. A scrupulous writer, in every sentence that he writes, will ask himself at technology changing essay, least four questions, thus: What am I trying to say? What words will express it? What image or idiom will make it clearer? Is this image fresh enough to have an effect? And he will probably ask himself two more: Could I put it more shortly? Have I said anything that is avoidably ugly? But you are not obliged to go to all this trouble. You can shirk it by simply throwing your mind open and letting the english essay, ready-made phrases come crowding in. The will construct your sentences for you � even think your thoughts for you, to a certain extent � and at need they will perform the important service of partially concealing your meaning even from yourself.

It is at this point that the special connection between politics and the debasement of language becomes clear. In our time it is broadly true that political writing is help essay bad writing. Where it is not true, it will generally be found that the writer is some kind of rebel, expressing his private opinions and not a �party line�. Orthodoxy, of whatever colour, seems to demand a lifeless, imitative style. The political dialects to be found in pamphlets, leading articles, manifestos, White papers and the speeches of undersecretaries do, of course, vary from party to party, but they are all alike in that one almost never finds in english essay plan them a fresh, vivid, homemade turn of speech.

When one watches some tired hack on the platform mechanically repeating the familiar phrases � bestial, atrocities, iron heel, bloodstained tyranny, free peoples of the changing essay, world, stand shoulder to english essay plan shoulder � one often has a curious feeling that one is not watching a live human being but some kind of dummy: a feeling which suddenly becomes stronger at moments when the light catches the speaker's spectacles and help turns them into a level essay, blank discs which seem to have no eyes behind them. And this is not altogether fanciful. A speaker who uses that kind of phraseology has gone some distance toward turning himself into help contrast, a machine. The appropriate noises are coming out of his larynx, but his brain is not involved, as it would be if he were choosing his words for himself. If the speech he is making is a level essay one that he is accustomed to wuthering heights essay make over a level english plan, and over again, he may be almost unconscious of what he is school saying, as one is plan when one utters the responses in church. And this reduced state of consciousness, if not indispensable, is at critical thinking, any rate favourable to english essay plan political conformity. In our time, political speech and education writing are largely the defence of the indefensible. Things like the continuance of a level english essay plan British rule in India, the Russian purges and deportations, the dropping of the atom bombs on Japan, can indeed be defended, but only by arguments which are too brutal for most people to face, and which do not square with the professed aims of the political parties.

Thus political language has to consist largely of euphemism, question-begging and sheer cloudy vagueness. Essay School Holiday? Defenceless villages are bombarded from the a level english essay, air, the inhabitants driven out into changing, the countryside, the cattle machine-gunned, the huts set on essay plan fire with incendiary bullets: this is called pacification . Millions of wuthering moors peasants are robbed of their farms and sent trudging along the roads with no more than they can carry: this is called transfer of population or rectification of frontiers . A Level Essay Plan? People are imprisoned for argumentive essay on wisdom-educate, years without trial, or shot in a level english essay the back of the holiday, neck or sent to die of scurvy in Arctic lumber camps: this is called elimination of unreliable elements . Such phraseology is needed if one wants to name things without calling up mental pictures of them. Consider for instance some comfortable English professor defending Russian totalitarianism. He cannot say outright, �I believe in killing off your opponents when you can get good results by doing so�. Probably, therefore, he will say something like this: �While freely conceding that the Soviet regime exhibits certain features which the humanitarian may be inclined to deplore, we must, I think, agree that a certain curtailment of the essay, right to political opposition is an unavoidable concomitant of transitional periods, and that the rigors which the Russian people have been called upon to undergo have been amply justified in the sphere of concrete achievement.�

The inflated style itself is a kind of help euphemism. A mass of Latin words falls upon the facts like soft snow, blurring the outline and covering up all the details. The great enemy of clear language is insincerity. When there is a gap between one's real and one's declared aims, one turns as it were instinctively to long words and exhausted idioms, like a cuttlefish spurting out ink. In our age there is no such thing as �keeping out of politics�. All issues are political issues, and politics itself is a mass of lies, evasions, folly, hatred, and schizophrenia. When the general atmosphere is bad, language must suffer.

I should expect to find � this is a guess which I have not sufficient knowledge to verify � that the German, Russian and Italian languages have all deteriorated in the last ten or fifteen years, as a result of dictatorship. But if thought corrupts language, language can also corrupt thought. A bad usage can spread by tradition and english imitation even among people who should and do know better. The debased language that I have been discussing is in some ways very convenient. Phrases like a not unjustifiable assumption, leaves much to be desired, would serve no good purpose, a consideration which we should do well to bear in mind, are a continuous temptation, a packet of help comparison essay aspirins always at one's elbow. Look back through this essay, and for certain you will find that I have again and again committed the very faults I am protesting against. By this morning's post I have received a pamphlet dealing with conditions in Germany. The author tells me that he �felt impelled� to a level essay plan write it.

I open it at random, and here is almost the first sentence I see: �[The Allies] have an changing, opportunity not only of achieving a radical transformation of Germany's social and political structure in such a way as to avoid a nationalistic reaction in Germany itself, but at the same time of laying the plan, foundations of a co-operative and unified Europe.� You see, he �feels impelled� to write � feels, presumably, that he has something new to say � and yet his words, like cavalry horses answering the bugle, group themselves automatically into the familiar dreary pattern. This invasion of one's mind by ready-made phrases ( lay the foundations, achieve a radical transformation ) can only be prevented if one is constantly on benefits guard against them, and every such phrase anaesthetizes a portion of one's brain. I said earlier that the a level, decadence of our language is probably curable. Those who deny this would argue, if they produced an argument at all, that language merely reflects existing social conditions, and that we cannot influence its development by any direct tinkering with words and help constructions. So far as the a level english plan, general tone or spirit of a language goes, this may be true, but it is not true in detail. Silly words and expressions have often disappeared, not through any evolutionary process but owing to the conscious action of a minority. Two recent examples were explore every avenue and leave no stone unturned , which were killed by the jeers of a few journalists. There is a long list of flyblown metaphors which could similarly be got rid of if enough people would interest themselves in the job; and it should also be possible to laugh the not un- formation out of existence (3) , to reduce the amount of Latin and Greek in the average sentence, to drive out foreign phrases and strayed scientific words, and, in general, to make pretentiousness unfashionable. But all these are minor points. The defence of the English language implies more than this, and perhaps it is benefits of genetically organisms essay best to a level english start by benefits of genetically, saying what it does not imply. To begin with it has nothing to do with archaism, with the essay plan, salvaging of obsolete words and turns of speech, or with the setting up of a �standard English� which must never be departed from.

On the contrary, it is help comparison essay especially concerned with the scrapping of essay plan every word or idiom which has outworn its usefulness. It has nothing to do with correct grammar and critical apps syntax, which are of no importance so long as one makes one's meaning clear, or with the avoidance of Americanisms, or with having what is called a �good prose style�. On the other hand, it is not concerned with fake simplicity and the attempt to essay make written English colloquial. Nor does it even imply in heights essay every case preferring the Saxon word to the Latin one, though it does imply using the fewest and shortest words that will cover one's meaning. What is above all needed is to let the a level essay plan, meaning choose the technology education, word, and not the other way around. In prose, the worst thing one can do with words is surrender to a level english essay plan them. When you think of a concrete object, you think wordlessly, and then, if you want to describe the thing you have been visualising you probably hunt about modified organisms essay, until you find the exact words that seem to fit it. When you think of something abstract you are more inclined to use words from the start, and unless you make a conscious effort to prevent it, the existing dialect will come rushing in and do the job for essay plan, you, at the expense of blurring or even changing your meaning. Essay On Wisdom-educate? Probably it is better to put off using words as long as possible and get one's meaning as clear as one can through pictures and a level essay plan sensations.

Afterward one can choose � not simply accept � the essay, phrases that will best cover the meaning, and then switch round and decide what impressions one's words are likely to a level essay plan make on another person. This last effort of the mind cuts out wuthering heights moors essay, all stale or mixed images, all prefabricated phrases, needless repetitions, and humbug and vagueness generally. A Level Essay? But one can often be in doubt about the effect of a word or a phrase, and one needs rules that one can rely on when instinct fails. I think the following rules will cover most cases: Never use a metaphor, simile, or other figure of speech which you are used to changing education seeing in a level english plan print. Never use a long word where a short one will do.

If it is possible to cut a word out, always cut it out. Never use the passive where you can use the active. Never use a foreign phrase, a scientific word, or a jargon word if you can think of an essay, everyday English equivalent. A Level? Break any of these rules sooner than say anything outright barbarous. These rules sound elementary, and so they are, but they demand a deep change of attitude in anyone who has grown used to writing in the style now fashionable. One could keep all of them and still write bad English, but one could not write the kind of stuff that I quoted in those five specimens at the beginning of this article. I have not here been considering the literary use of language, but merely language as an instrument for expressing and not for concealing or preventing thought.

Stuart Chase and others have come near to essay school claiming that all abstract words are meaningless, and a level english essay have used this as a pretext for advocating a kind of political quietism. Since you don't know what Fascism is, how can you struggle against Fascism? One need not swallow such absurdities as this, but one ought to recognise that the present political chaos is connected with the decay of language, and help comparison essay that one can probably bring about some improvement by starting at the verbal end. If you simplify your English, you are freed from the worst follies of orthodoxy. A Level English Plan? You cannot speak any of the necessary dialects, and technology changing education when you make a stupid remark its stupidity will be obvious, even to yourself.

Political language � and with variations this is true of all political parties, from Conservatives to a level essay Anarchists � is designed to make lies sound truthful and murder respectable, and to give an appearance of holiday solidity to pure wind. A Level English Essay? One cannot change this all in a moment, but one can at essay, least change one's own habits, and from time to english essay time one can even, if one jeers loudly enough, send some worn-out and useless phrase � some jackboot, Achilles� heel, hotbed, melting pot, acid test, veritable inferno, or other lump of verbal refuse � into the dustbin where it belongs. George Orwell: �Politics and the English Language� First published: Horizon . Apps? � GB, London. � April 1946. Reprinted: � �Shooting an Elephant and Other Essays�. � 1950. � �The Orwell Reader, Fiction, Essays, and Reportage� � 1956. A Level English Plan? � �Collected Essays�. � 1961. � �Decline of the English Murder and Other Essays�. � 1965. Thinking Company? � �The Collected Essays, Journalism and Letters of George Orwell�. � 1968.

Specifications for Thesis Preparation. This entire document can be read from beginning to end or particular sections can be quickly referenced by using the table of contents. This guide has been prepared by the MIT Libraries, as prescribed by the Committee on Graduate Programs, to assist students and faculty in the preparation of theses. The Institute is committed to plan, the preservation of each student's thesis because it is both a requirement for essay holiday the MIT degree and a record of original research that contains information of lasting value. The requirements in this guide apply to all theses and have been specified both to facilitate the care and dissemination of the thesis and to assure the preservation of the a level essay plan archival paper copy. Individual departments may dictate more stringent requirements. Questions not answered in this guide should be referred to the appropriate department officer or to the MIT Libraries (14N-118, mit-theses@mit.edu, 617-253-5136). The academic department is required to essay, deliver the essay plan proper number of copies of the thesis to the MIT Libraries within one month after the last day of the term in argumentive on wisdom-educate which the thesis was submitted (Faculty Regulation 2.72). One copy is kept as part of the permanent archival collection, and english essay plan, the other copy is reserved for future disposition.

An online catalog record, which includes the thesis abstract, is prepared for all theses deposited in essay the MIT Libraries. This information appears in Barton, our online catalog, which is accessible to researchers at other institutions through the Internet, as well as in the OCLC database WorldCat, an online international bibliographic system available to libraries and a level plan, individuals worldwide. PhD and essay, ScD theses are also listed (with abstract) in ProQuest Dissertations Theses database ( PQDT ) and Dissertation Abstracts International ( DAI ). For each thesis received by the Libraries, a digital version is created and made publicly available in DSpace@MIT (http://libraries.mit.edu/mit-theses). A Level Essay Plan! Copies of theses may be obtained through the MIT Libraries' Document Services (14-0551, 617-253-5668; docs@mit.edu; http://libraries.mit.edu/docs/). Students may choose to submit a born-digital PDF of the thesis via the Libraries voluntary submission portal (http://thesis-dropbox.mit.edu/vireo/start). However, the electronic version is not considered to be the benefits of genetically official copy.

Degree candidates must submit the required copies of english plan, their theses to the appropriate office of the department or program in which they are registered on the dates specified in technology changing the Academic Calendar. The Academic Calendar may be found in the MIT Bulletin and at http://web.mit.edu/registrar/www/calendar.html. Essay Plan! September, February, and June are the wuthering heights essay only months in which degrees are awarded. Additional copies of the thesis may be required by the department. All theses should be turned in to the appropriate departmental office; the office will deliver the theses to a level english essay plan, the MIT Libraries within a month after the last day of term. In this guide, the copy that remains in the Archives is called the first copy . Additional copies required for benefits of genetically modified organisms the divisional libraries (see following section) are referred to a level essay plan, as the second and (possibly) third copies . Contrast! The department may ask for a level english plan copies in holiday addition to those required for the Libraries. The student may, of course, keep personal copies. Not all departments send bachelor's theses to the Archives.

If your department does, only one copy should be submitted to the Archives. Please check the a level essay plan requirements of your department. Undergraduate students do not pay a library processing fee. Number of copies: Normally, two copies are required for the Libraries �� one for the Archives and a second for the appropriate divisional library. Education! A third copy is required only when a student is submitting the same thesis to departments or programs from two separate MIT schools (e.g., Management and Engineering). If the departments are in english essay plan the same school (e.g., Engineering Systems and Mechanical Engineering), only two copies are required. Doctoral theses only: A completed UMI/ProQuest form (see section below) with an of genetically modified, additional copy of the title page and abstract stapled to it is also required.

Most MIT theses are written by a single author. In those cases where two or more students are responsible, only a single copy (for undergraduates) or set of copies (for graduate students) should be submitted to the Archives. The title page of the thesis should bear the english plan signatures of all authors and thesis supervisors. (Permission to undertake collaborative thesis research must be obtained in advance from the Dean of Graduate Education [3-138, 617-253-4860, http://odge.mit.edu/gpp/degrees/thesis/joint-theses). Submission of Doctoral Thesis Abstract to heights moors, International Database: UMI/ ProQuest Dissertations Theses Database. Abstracts of all doctoral theses (PhD and ScD) will be submitted for a level plan inclusion in ProQuest Dissertations Theses , an online database used by researchers around the world. Help Contrast Essay! PQDT can be searched by author name, subject terms, and all words in the title and abstract. All MIT abstracts will contain a note stating that copies of the full text are available from DSpace@MIT or the MIT Libraries' Document Services.

Abstracts should be no longer than 350 words; longer abstracts will be edited by UMI/ProQuest. English Essay! Please complete the UMI/ProQuest form at essay school http://libraries.mit.edu/archives/thesis-specs/images/umi-proquest-form.pdf, staple it to a copy of your title page and abstract, and submit it with your thesis. The form may printed and completed by hand or opened and filled out in Acrobat Reader, then printed. When filling out the form, choose the appropriate subject categories from the list provided with the a level english essay plan form. Please take care both in choosing terms and heights, writing them (if filling out the form by hand). Subject-based access to your thesis will depend on the accuracy of the information you provide and english essay, the precision with which it is transcribed by UMI/ProQuest. It is especially important that your name appear on this form exactly as it does on critical thinking, the title page and abstract of your thesis.

CHANGES AFTER SUBMISSION OF THESIS. All change made to a thesis, after the english thesis has been submitted to the MIT Libraries by the student's department, must have prior approval from the Dean of Graduate or Undergraduate Education. Argumentive Essay On Wisdom-educate! When the purpose is to correct significant errors in content, the student should create an errata sheet using the english plan form and help comparison essay, instructions at http://libraries.mit.edu/archives/thesis-specs/images/errata-sheet.pdf and obtain approval from both thesis supervisor or program chair and the Dean for Graduate or Undergraduate Education. If the english essay purpose of change is to excise classified, proprietary, or confidential information, the student should fill out the application form at http://libraries.mit.edu/archives/thesis-specs/images/page-substitution.pdf and have the essay holiday request approved by the thesis supervisor or program chair and the Dean for Graduate or Undergraduate Education. A Level English Essay Plan! Students and supervisors should vet thesis content carefully before submission to avoid both scenarios whenever possible.

Students receiving advanced degrees from changing education MIT are required to english plan, pay a library processing fee: $115.00 for a doctoral thesis ($50 for processing and $65 for the UMI/ProQuest abstract fee) and $50.00 for argumentive on wisdom-educate all other advanced-degree theses. Undergraduate students do not pay a processing fee. Thesis charges are billed to a level english essay plan, the student��s account when the thesis title is entered on the degree application. Please refer to the academic calendar on the Registrar��s website to review relevant deadline dates. All copies must be submitted to the student��s department unbound between cardboard covers; the thesis and covers should be clipped or tied together, NOT stapled or punched. Thinking Company! Recycled temporary covers and binder clips are available in a cabinet in the first floor stairwell of Hayden Library, near the circulation desk. The front cover should be labeled with the following information: author's name, thesis title, course, month and year of graduation, and which copy it is (first, second, or third).

The MIT Libraries pay for the binding of theses retained in their collection. Personal copies may be bound in hard or soft cover at MIT CopyTech or many commercial binderies in the Boston area. The Institute's policy concerning ownership of thesis copyright is covered in Rules and Regulations of the Faculty , 2.73. (http://web.mit.edu/faculty/governance/rules/2.70.html) and MIT Policies and Procedures 13.1.3 (http://web.mit.edu/policies/13/13.1.html#sub3). The following are guidelines to assist the essay student in determining who holds ownership of the thesis copyright: The Institute will hold ownership of the copyrights to theses if: the thesis research is performed in whole or in benefits essay part by the student with financial support in the form of wages, salary, stipend, or grant from essay funds administered by the Institute. the thesis research is comparison essay, performed in whole or in part utilizing equipment or facilities provided to the Institute under conditions that impose copyright restrictions.. In general, students may retain ownership of thesis copyrights when the only form of support is (a) teaching assistantships (the duties of which do not include research activities) and a level, (b) NSF and NIH traineeships and fellowships (although the trainee or fellow may be required to benefits modified essay, grant certain publishing rights to NSF or NIH).

Actual determination of a student's status is made by reference to the account from which the student receives support. Questions regarding restrictions imposed on any of the Institute's facilities or equipment may be addressed to the administrative officer of the laboratory or department or to the appropriate contract administrator in the Office of Sponsored Programs (http://osp.mit.edu/). Specific questions on permission to copyright should be referred to the Technology Licensing Office (617-253-6966, tlo@mit.edu). When copyright ownership is held by the student, the student must, as condition of a degree award, grant royalty-free permission to the Institute to reproduce and publicly distribute copies of the a level english essay thesis, and must place the following legend on essay, the thesis title page: The author hereby grants to MIT permission to reproduce and to distribute publicly paper and electronic copies of a level english, this thesis document in whole or in part in any medium now known or hereafter created. For such theses, requests for argumentive essay permission to use portions of the a level essay plan thesis in third-party publications must be addressed to modified organisms, and granted by the student author. When copyright is held by the Institute, students and a level essay, third parties should contact the MIT Technology Licensing Office (617-253-6966, tlo@mit.edu) to obtain permission to essay, reuse thesis content in other publications. A Level English! However, the student is authorized to post electronic versions of the student��s own thesis, in whole or in part, on the World Wide Web. Benefits Modified Organisms Essay! Any further publication of the thesis in english whole or in contrast part shall be made only with the authorization of the Technology Licensing Office, in consultation with the head of the department or course in which the student was registered when the thesis was accepted. Regardless of whether copyright is held by the student or the Institute, the MIT Libraries publish the thesis electronically in DSpace@MIT (http://dspace.mit.edu) allowing open access viewing and limited downloading/ printing. Students may request a waiver of Institute copyright by english essay, written application to the Institute's Technology Licensing Office (http://tlo.mit.edu/). The waiver shall be granted only if the argumentive essay on wisdom-educate retained rights of the student as described in a level this guide are inadequate for benefits of genetically modified the student��s needs and if a license from the Institute to the student would also be inadequate.

Any such waiver of the Institute��s copyright shall be subject to a royalty-free grant from the student to a level english, the Institute to publicly distribute copies of the moors thesis, in whole or in part. The student must also place the legend above on the thesis title page. Implementation: How to Copyright a Thesis. Each student should place the a level essay appropriate copyright notice on the thesis. Copyright notice consists of four elements: the symbol c with a circle around it � and/or the word copyright, the year of publication (the year in which the degree is to be awarded), the name of the copyright owner, and the words All rights reserved. These four elements should appear together on the title page (or verso of the title page). student is school holiday, copyright owner: � 2008 Jane Doe. All rights reserved. Institute is copyright owner: � 2008 Massachusetts Institute of Technology. All rights reserved.

See sample title pages. A copyright notice should also appear on any non-paper material (e.g., DVD or CD) included with a thesis. Use of Previously Published Material in a Thesis. Each student is responsible for essay obtaining permission, if necessary, to include previously published material in the thesis. This applies to most third-party materials (i.e., those created and published by someone else); it may also apply to the student��s own previous work. If, for example, a student has already published part of the thesis as a journal article and, as a condition of changing, publication, has assigned title to the journal's publisher, the english plan student has no further rights in the article. Written permission must be obtained from the publisher to include the article, or any portion of it, in the thesis. Wuthering Heights! Similarly, permission must be obtained to include papers written while the student was employed by english, a commercial company or non-profit organization if title belongs to the company or organization. A sample permission letter can be obtained from the Office of the benefits of genetically organisms General Counsel (https://ogc.mit.edu/frequently-asked-questions). If the student knows, prior to publication or employment, that such material will be included in a thesis, he or she may wish to retain title to english, the material or to reserve sufficient rights to use the material.

Further information is thinking, available at Scholarly Publishing @MIT Libraries (http://libraries.mit.edu/scholarly/) or by contacting copyright-lib@mit.edu for more information. POLICY FOR TEMPORARY RESTRICTIONS ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF THESES. Thesis research should be undertaken in light of MIT's policy of essay plan, open research and the free interchange of information. Written notification of patent holds and other restrictions must reach the Institute Archives before the thesis in question is received, since under normal circumstances all theses are open and available for public inspection once they have been received by the Archives. When there is benefits organisms, good reason for a level essay plan delaying the distribution of a thesis, the school holiday procedures below should be followed. For additional details on procedures for temporary restrictions, please see Graduate Policies and Procedures at http://odge.mit.edu/gpp/degrees/thesis/restrictions-on-thesis-publication/. When MIT holds the rights to any intellectual property contained in a thesis, students and their supervisors must work with the MIT Technology Licensing Office (http://web.mit.edu/tlo/www/) to determine if a patent application is to a level english essay plan, be filed. If so, the argumentive essay on wisdom-educate Technology Licensing Office will notify the Institute Archives, and the thesis will be withheld from distribution for up to three months. If an extension is required, application must be made to the Vice President for Research, who will inform the Archives if an english, extension is approved. When a student holds the rights to any intellectual property contained in benefits modified his or her thesis, application for permission to withhold a thesis must be made to the Dean for Graduate Education for graduate theses or the Dean for Undergraduate Education for a level english essay plan undergraduate theses.

If the hold is granted, the help dean will inform the Archives, and the thesis will be withheld for a period of three months. If an extension is required, application must be made to the Vice President for english essay Research. A student should not embark without prior approval on a thesis that requires government restrictions. The Institute recognizes that certain government agencies which sponsor research may require that theses be submitted for help security review before they can be placed in the Libraries or published. Occasionally, on english plan, completing a thesis, a student may believe that its distribution will jeopardize the privacy or safety of the author, other individuals, or organizations.

If the thesis cannot be rewritten to remove the problematic material, the author and supervisor should submit the thesis to the director of the program, who will prepare a recommendation for the Dean for wuthering moors Graduate Education for graduate theses or the a level Dean for Undergraduate Education for undergraduate theses, who will then consult with the Vice President for education essay Research. The appropriate office will advise the Institute Archives of the restricted period. In all cases the restricted period should be kept to a minimum. The title page is always considered to be page 1, and every page must be included in the count regardless of essay plan, whether a number is essay, physically printed on a page. The entire thesis (including title page, prefatory material, illustrations, and english essay, all text and appendices) must be paginated in one consecutive numbering sequence. Theses should be prepared double-sided whenever possible. In a double-sided thesis, both sides of critical company apps, every page (starting with the title page and including any pages that have been left blank) must be accounted for in the numbering sequence. Therefore, in a double-sided thesis, odd-numbered pages are always on the right and english, even-numbered pages on critical, the left.

Pages with illustrations may be single-sided, but both sides should be counted. Single-sided theses should be numbered only on the front of every sheet. When using thesis templates on Athena, use caution and verify that the pagination requirements are being met. Your work will be a more valuable research tool for english other scholars if it can be located easily. Search engines use the help comparison contrast words in english essay the title, and sometimes other descriptive words, to locate works.

Therefore, be sure to select a title that is a meaningful description of the content of your manuscript; and when possible, use word substitutes for formulas, symbols, superscripts, Greek letters, etc., which do not appear on most computer keyboards and would make your title more difficult to search. The Effects of Ion Implantation and Annealing on the Properties of Titanium Silicide [not TiSi 2 ] Films on Silicon Substrates Radiative Decays of the J/Psi [not J/ ψ] to Two Pseudoscalar Final States The title page of the first copy must bear the original signatures of the author, supervisor, and chairman; a photocopy of the signed title page is acceptable for the second copy. Argumentive Essay On Wisdom-educate! The title page should contain the a level plan title, name of the author, previous degrees, the degree(s) to be awarded at MIT, the date the degree(s) will be conferred (June, September, or February only), copyright notice, and appropriate names and argumentive essay, signatures.

For candidates receiving two degrees, both degrees to be awarded should appear on the title page. For candidates receiving degrees across departments or programs, all degrees and departments or programs should appear on the title page and the signatures of both department heads/committee chairmen are required. Essay! Whenever there are co-supervisors, both signatures are required. Each thesis offered for a graduate degree must include an abstract, preferably one single-spaced page, but never more than two pages (generally less than 350 words). The abstract should be thought of technology changing education essay, as a brief descriptive summary rather than a lengthy introduction to the thesis.

Doctoral abstracts are submitted for inclusion in UMI/ProQuest��s Dissertation Abstracts International and english, ProQuest Dissertations Theses database ( PQDT ). Doctoral candidates should keep their abstracts under 350 words. Essay Holiday! Longer abstracts will be edited and shortened by UMI/ProQuest . Databases such as PQDT provide full-text searching of abstracts, so the presence of significant key words in a short abstract will facilitate access. The abstract should immediately follow the title page. Biographical Note and Acknowledgment. Although not a requirement, each thesis may contain a short biography of the candidate, including institutions attended and dates of attendance, degrees and honors, titles of publications, teaching and professional experience, and other matters that may be pertinent.

An acknowledgment page may also be included. These sections may be single-spaced. Please note that your thesis will be publicly available online at DSpace@MIT, which is regularly crawled and indexed by Google and other search-engine providers.. The style of english essay plan, quotations, footnotes, and essay holiday, bibliographic references may be prescribed by your department. If your department does not prescribe a style or specify a style manual, choose one and be consistent. Further information is available on the web site of the MIT Writing Center (http://cmsw.mit.edu/writing-and-communication-center/citation-formats/). NOTES AND BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES. Whenever possible, notes should be placed at the bottom of the english plan appropriate page or in the body of the text. Notes should conform to of genetically modified essay, the style appropriate to the discipline. English Essay! If notes appear at the bottom of the of genetically modified organisms essay page, they should be single-spaced and included within the specified margins (see section below).

It may be appropriate to place bibliographic references either at the end of the chapter in a level english which they occur or at the end of the thesis.. The same paper size and quality, pagination, margins, notes, and illustration requirements apply to help, appendices. They support the research in your thesis and essay plan, should be as readable and reproducible as the rest of your work. Page numbering should continue the consecutive pagination of the thesis. For the main body of the organisms essay text, including appendices and front matter, font size should be at least 11-point and should not be script or italic. Italics may, however, be used for short quotations or to highlight variables in an equation, for example. Notes and the text in tables, etc., should not be smaller than 10-point. Top, bottom, and both side margins must be at least an inch wide (1) to allow for binding and trimming. All information (text headings, notes, and illustrations), excluding page numbers , must be within the text area. Theses should be prepared using both sides of the paper (double-sided) whenever possible. Oversize sheets must be folded to come within the plan text area so the benefits folds will not be trimmed off or bound in during the binding procedure.

The text of the thesis may be single- double- or one-and-a-half-spaced. The abstract, biography, notes, bibliography, and acknowledgment should be single-spaced. If you are writing your thesis on Athena, follow the formatting and typeface instructions under the LATEX or FRAME olc stock answer topics by typing the command olc_answers on any Athena workstation. If you are preparing your thesis on Athena, follow the instructions under the LATEX or FRAME olc stock answer topics by typing the command olc_answers. When using Athena templates, be sure the format conforms to the required specifications, especially for the title page and pagination. Final copies should be printed on the printer Thesis (11-004), which is essay plan, stocked with acid-neutral, Libraries-approved thesis paper. First copy: For the first copy the paper must be chosen for its permanence and durability. This is the critical company copy that should bear the original signatures. A Level English Essay! The paper must be (a) acid��neutral or acid-free, (b) watermarked, (c) at least 20-lb. Help Contrast! weight, and (d) contain at least 25% cotton.

It may contain some post-consumer waste (pcw) recycled material. The following 20��lb. watermarked acid��neutral papers are examples of those that are acceptable. Mohawk Via Bright White (available at a level english essay plan CopyTech, 11-004) Xerox Image Elite Crane's Thesis Paper Hammermill Bond Strathmore Bond. Second copy: The paper for the second copy should be (a) acid-neutral or acid-free, (b) at least 20-lb. Moors Essay! weight, and (c) contain 25% cotton. It need not be watermarked. The following are not acceptable for either copy: MIT bond, erasable paper, or regular paper from a level photocopy machines. The paper used should be sufficiently opaque so that text and illustrations on one side do not impair readability on the other. If there are any questions about the acceptability of paper, contact the Institute Archives (mit-theses@mit.edu, 617-253-5136). The standard size for theses is 8� by 11 inches (see section on oversized pages).

DOUBLE-SIDED OR SINGLE-SIDED PRINTING. Double-sided printing is strongly recommended. However, the paper should be sufficiently opaque so that text and illustrations on one side do not impair readability on the other side. A single-sided illustration page in a double-sided thesis should be numbered on both sides. When creating a double-sided copy, be sure that the page numbers are either in the center or on the outside edge of each page. Charts, graphs, tables, etc., should be reduced whenever possible to an 8�-by-11-inch format. If material is not reducible, oversize sheets must be folded to come within the text area so the folds will not be trimmed off or bound in school holiday during the binding procedure. Acceptable 11-by-17-inch watermarked paper can be requested at CopyTech (11-004). Students may print their theses in english essay full color. Theses containing color figures, illustrations, and photos will be scanned in color and changing essay, converted to color PDFs for inclusion in DSpace@MIT. Please be aware that heavily saturated color graphics may ��bleed through�� and compromise legibility for double-sided pages.

In such cases, use of single-sided printing or heavier, less transparent paper stock is advised.. Pages containing photographs should be numbered as regular pages. A single-sided photograph page in a double-sided thesis should be numbered on english plan, both sides. All graphics must respect the 1�� margins. Digital and wuthering heights essay, magnetic materials such as cassette tapes, CDs, and DVDs may accompany the written text of the thesis; one should accompany each copy of the thesis submitted . A Level Essay! No guarantee can be given that the Libraries can preserve, reproduce, or make this information available in the future.

Therefore, when feasible, the information that is in these forms should also be represented in the written text of the thesis. A label containing the author's name, the date of the thesis, and the copyright notice must be applied to all material in non-paper format. The label should also include any relevant technical information, such as software or hardware specifications. Is the author��s full name on the title page and the abstract? (See sections on title page and abstract.) Before submitting to your department. Are all necessary signatures on the title page of each copy? (See section on title page ) Institute Archives and benefits of genetically modified, Special Collections. Technology Licensing Office.

One Cambridge Center. Cambridge, MA 02142. Office of the General Counsel. Office of the a level Dean for help contrast essay Graduate Education. Dean for Undergraduate Education. Office of the Vice President for Research.

Prepared by the MIT Libraries. as prescribed by the Committee on Graduate Programs.

6 common resume problems and how to fix them. This article originally appeared on LearnVest. Plan! When job hunting, your resume has a way of highlighting little career imperfections in black and white. Maybe you�ve job-hopped, had a long gap between gigs, or earned a degree that requires explaining (hello, art history majors!). Is there a way to smooth over these resume imperfections�without being dishonest? You betcha. You just have to get creative, be upfront and do a little rebranding. We spoke with job coaches, recruiters and candidates who have been in wuthering, your shoes to find out how best to fix six of the most common resume flaws. Problem: You Want to Change Fields, but Don�t Have Any Experience.

What to Do: Play up your skills, not your positions. �What skills have you gathered in your previous positions that would be helpful in another job?� asks Lea McLeod, a career coach and the founder of Degrees of Transition, a job coaching firm. That�s just what she did with her client, Todd Mauvais, 29. Though Mauvais had been teaching music for six years, he wanted a more stable career. He applied to government jobs for essay plan, a full year before he intended to make his transition, but nothing panned out, and Mauvais wasn�t sure why. Once he began working with McLeod, the problem was clear: He didn�t lack skills�he simply hadn�t identified the right field to apply them. �Because Todd had a job where he commuted among multiple schools to help comparison contrast teach arts classes, he was an exceptional self-manager,� she says. �He also promoted summer arts programs to increase enrollment, was a great public speaker and presenter, and was comfortable in a level english essay plan, front of a room.� She helped him recognize that this skill set translated perfectly to a career in sales. Mauvais rewrote his resume to focus on his relationship building, speaking and promotional skills, and reached out to a craft beer distributor he thought would be a good fit through LinkedIn. In just over a month, the former music teacher was hired as a sales associate, and is still happy in his role there today. Problem: Your College Degree Isn�t Directly Relevant to the Job or Field.

What to Do: If this describes you, don�t worry, you�re hardly alone. Argumentive Essay! �Only specific fields�like engineering, graphic design, health care/medicine, pharmaceutical and automotive, to name a few�require related degrees for entry-level work,� explains corporate recruiter Dennis Tupper. �Otherwise, companies are seeking someone who is coachable and a level english plan moldable, will work hard and of genetically essay has a vested interest and a level english essay plan passion in the company or industry.� Taylor Brady, 23, faced this very challenge with his sociology degree. Having grown frustrated after three months of essay sending out resumes for a level english essay, jobs in social work and nonprofits without getting any response, he, too, reached out to McLeod. �I had friends graduating from business school who were Excel wizards and such, but I had to be creative in regards to selling myself,� says Brady. �To focus Taylor�s experience,� explains McLeod, �we called out his work with a grant-writing mentor as a �special academic project� and included the types and values of the grants he had written, so it really popped when he was applying for the grant-writing jobs he really wanted.� He also led his resume with a �Special Skills� section, which highlighted the contrast essay key points of his past internships (including grant writing, donor database management and volunteer coordination), then provided more information about each role in the �Work Experience� section. With McLeod�s help, Brady found his current role as a grant writer at a nonprofit by rebranding his resume to focus exactly on what he could do for his potential employer. Problem: You Have a Big Gap Between Jobs. What to Do: According to Jill Knittel, C.O.O. of english recruiting and changing education staffing firm Employee Relations Associates, significant gaps between jobs are fairly common imperfections that can be handled with two different approaches. �One solution is to a level english list just the number of years or months you worked at your earlier positions, rather than the usual start and end dates,� Knittel advises. The other approach? �You can also use a functional resume, which elaborates on your skills, instead of a chronological resume. Argumentive Essay! This will take the focus away from time, and on to your abilities and what you can do for a level english plan, a company,� she says. If asked in an interview about the time frame of help essay your resume, you will still need to be honest about the gaps, but either of these approaches can de-emphasize them on paper. Problem: You�ve Job-Hopped Frequently. Plan! What to Do: Jessica Bedford, a recruiter at education essay Artisan Creative, a staffing agency that specializes in english, finding jobs for creative talent, recommends that job-hoppers include a �Reason for argumentive essay, Leaving� next to each position, with a succinct explanation like �company closed,� �layoff due to downsizing� or �relocated to new city.� By addressing the plan gaps, you�ll proactively illustrate the reason for your sporadic job movement and changing education essay make it less of an english essay plan issue. �If you have multiple gaps or have filled the time with several temporary projects, you might also create a section called �Consulting Work� or �Freelance Work,� and technology changing education essay list all of them under the one section.

With this approach, job seekers can account for a number of years at english essay once,� recommends Bedford. Technology Changing! If you stayed at a level english essay plan a job for school holiday, only a matter of months, consider eliminating it from a level essay, your resume. According to The New York Times� Career Coach, leaving a particularly short-lived job or two off your work history shouldn�t hurt, as long as you�re honest about heights essay your experience if asked in an interview. Problem: Your Resume Is Three Pages Long, and essay You Don�t Know What to Cut. What to Do: Tupper says that if you work in an industry unrelated to technology changing education essay one you worked in a level essay, ten years ago, you can omit the details of that past experience and include only the essay years and industries in which you worked (so you don�t appear deceitful in the case of english plan a background check). For jobs you held several years ago that are in essay, the same field, but don�t reflect your current �level,� keep descriptions brief. And, as mentioned above, in essay, the advice for job hoppers, jobs you held for essay school holiday, only a few months can be eliminated, as long as you�re upfront about the experience if the subject comes up. Problem: You Haven�t Snagged That First Real Job.

What to Do: If little professional experience is the reason your resume is lacking, executive recruiter Bruce A. Hurwitz of Hurwitz Strategic Staffing recommends adding a subhead called �Related Employment Activities,� right under �Work Experience.� �You can fill it with volunteer work, online courses, short-term employment and consulting assignments�list everything from a part-time job to a webinar to an online course,� says Hurwitz. This section allows you to explain why you�re the right candidate for the role�before a recruiter concludes you�re not. Don�t forget to essay plan include the valuable �soft skills� job candidates tend to underestimate, like the school ability to resolve customer service issues, work with ambiguity, coordinate among different groups and negotiate with vendors. Today's post was written by a level english plan a guest contributor. We invite our community members to share their experiences and ideas on of genetically modified essay, how to find a job that makes a difference. Want to essay plan contribute? Email us here Please note: We do not accept submissions from critical thinking company, writers at english plan content farms. Thank you for your cooperation. A great article that addresses many issues I#8217;m having at the moment thank you! Like what you're reading?

Never miss a post. Join 14,000 people who receive free daily tips on essay holiday, how to: Figure out a level your passion and purpose Stand out in your job hunt Succeed and critical company lead in your social change career.

computers 2020 essay 5th October 2017. Japanese conglomerate Honda has unveiled the E2-DR, a prototype humanoid robot that could help to english essay save lives in disaster zones. The robot was presented at the 30th International Conference On Intelligent Robots and benefits organisms Systems (IROS) held in Vancouver, Canada, and is described in a paper entitled Development of Experimental Legged Robot for Inspection and Disaster Response in Plants . The E2-DR is designed to plan be stronger, more robust and more nimble than Honda's earlier creation, the famous ASIMO. Moors Essay. It has 33 degrees of freedom including eight per a level essay plan arm, six per leg, two for its torso (180 rotatable), and one for its hands and head. It stands 1.68 m (5' 6) tall, weighs 85 kg (187 lb) and includes a 1000-Wh lithium-ion battery for 90 minutes of operating time. The robot's head features two rotating Hokuyo laser rangefinders, a monocular camera with a synchronised LED flash, an SR4000 time of flight camera, and a stereo camera coupled to school holiday an infrared light projector. There are also cameras and a 3D sensor on each of its hands.

Its thin shape allows the robot to squeeze through gaps of just 25 cm (9.8), which could be vitally important in emergency situations. It is also waterproof and dustproof. While still at the prototype stage, the english essay plan, E2-DR already has a number of impressive abilities, as the video below shows. 25th September 2017. Molecular researchers from the University of Copenhagen have joined forces with an artificial intelligence company to fight premature aging. The Centre for Healthy Aging at essay school, the University of Copenhagen has announced a research collaboration with a company specialising in artificial intelligence (AI) to develop solutions for a level english plan, preventing early aging. The aim of this partnership is to develop medicines to prevent and comparison contrast cure a broad range of diseases associated with aging.

Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and cardiovascular diseases are strongly associated with aging and share many characteristics on the molecular level. A Level Essay. Experts in the genetics of aging at the Department of Cellular and critical company apps Molecular Medicine partnered with the a level english, Baltimore-based company, Insilico Medicine, specializing in AI to find molecules that can be developed into drugs to cure and prevent these diseases. Critical Apps. The objective of this collaboration is to increase health span for plan, everyone on argumentive essay, the planet. Many of the diseases of aging are associated with the failure of the DNA repair mechanisms, says assistant professor Morten Scheibye-Knudsen, Centre for a level english plan, Healthy Aging. The aging processes accelerate as the DNA repair mechanisms lose function. Our collaboration with Insilico Medicine will allow us to find the molecules that repair DNA and prevent accelerated aging. Insilico Medicine is essay, developing the advanced AI algorithms to a level essay study aging processes and discover potential new medical interventions.

Many of the molecules being studied could induce the expression of wuthering moors, certain genes involved in the endogenous repair processes to slow down and perhaps even reverse age-related diseases. By applying a specific branch of artificial intelligence called Deep Learning (DL) on multi-modal data, the company aims to discover the precise molecules that can stimulate the repair of DNA. Deep learning systems are outperforming human abilities in english essay plan, many tasks including image recognition and autonomous driving, said Alex Zhavoronkov, PhD, founder and of genetically CEO of a level english essay, Insilico Medicine, Inc. Argumentive On Wisdom-educate. But one area, where AI will have the most impact is drug discovery and a level we are deeply honoured to be able to partner with professor Scheibye-Knudsen's group at the University of Copenhagen, which is one of the most advanced in the world. I hope that together we will be able to benefits organisms find new molecules to extend healthy longevity and make humans more resistant to the various stress factors. At the advanced laboratories in Copenhagen, the research teams will test the molecules identified using the Deep Learning methods to select the a level, most effective ones for joint development into novel medicines. We hope that cooperation can lead to the development of new drugs that can prevent early aging, thus ensuring increased health spans for everyone, says Morten Scheibye-Knudsen.

If we can find molecules that repair our DNA, it is help essay, not inconceivable that we can increase the a level essay plan, upper limit to how old we may be. 21st August 2017. China is breaking historic records in automation. The International Federation of Robotics (IFR) predicts an annual sales increase for industrial robots of critical thinking company apps, up to 20% until 2020. China's annual sales volume has now reached the highest level ever recorded for a single country: last year, sales surged by 27% to reach 85,000 units. At the same time, Chinese robot manufacturers are expanding the english plan, market share in their home country. This data is published by the International Federation of Robotics (IFR) ahead of its World Robotics Report 2017 , to be released on 27th September.

China is by far the biggest robot market in the world regarding annual sales and regarding the argumentive essay, operational stock, says Joe Gemma, IFR President. The main drivers of a level english plan, growth are the electrical and electronics industry. Sales increased by 75% last year to almost 30,000 units. About one third of the robots were produced by Chinese robot suppliers, who more than doubled sales, by almost 120%. All international robot suppliers also increased sales considerably to the electrical and electronics industry (+59%).

This remarkable demand is expected to benefits of genetically organisms essay continue into the future. The automotive industry lost its pole position to the electrical and electronics industry, but is still a powerful driver for industrial robot sales. China has become both the world's largest car market and the world's largest production site for a level, cars, including electric cars, with much growth potential. Sales to China made up 25% of the company, global supply of industrial robots to the automotive industry in 2016. Between 2011 and a level essay 2016, a total of 108,000 units were installed, representing an average increase of essay school holiday, 18% per year. The market share of Chinese robot suppliers in the automotive industry is still on a rather low level but has increased from 10 to 13%. China's government wants to a level plan transform the nation from a manufacturing giant into a world manufacturing power according to their 10-year national plan Made in China 2025.

This strategy includes strengthening Chinese robot suppliers and further increasing their market share both in China and argumentive on wisdom-educate abroad. China intends to english plan forge ahead and wuthering heights moors enter the english essay, world's top 10 most highly automated countries by 2020. By then, its robot density is targeted to grow to 150 units this being the number of help comparison essay, industrial robots per a level english essay 10,000 employees. Today, South Korea is the leader in robot density, with 531 robot units, compared to the USA with 176 and Germany with 301. 20th August 2017. Leaders of top robotics and thinking company apps AI companies have called on the UN to enact a worldwide ban on plan, killer robots. The letter, whose signatories hail from 26 countries and include Tesla's Elon Musk, reads as follows: An Open Letter to the United Nations Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons. As companies building the technologies in Artificial Intelligence and essay Robotics that may be repurposed to english develop autonomous weapons, we feel especially responsible in raising this alarm.

We warmly welcome the benefits essay, decision of the UN's Conference of the a level plan, Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons (CCW) to establish a Group of Governmental Experts (GGE) on Lethal Autonomous Weapon Systems. Many of our researchers and engineers are eager to offer technical advice to your deliberations. We commend the benefits of genetically, appointment of Ambassador Amandeep Singh Gill of India as chair of the GGE. A Level Plan. We entreat the school, High Contracting Parties participating in the GGE to work hard at a level english essay plan, finding means to prevent an arms race in these weapons, to protect civilians from their misuse, and to avoid the destabilizing effects of these technologies. We regret that the GGE's first meeting, which was due to start today (August 21, 2017), has been cancelled due to a small number of states failing to pay their financial contributions to the UN.

We urge the High Contracting Parties therefore to double their efforts at the first meeting of the GGE now planned for November. Lethal autonomous weapons threaten to become the third revolution in warfare. Changing Education. Once developed, they will permit armed conflict to be fought at a scale greater than ever, and at timescales faster than humans can comprehend. These can be weapons of plan, terror, weapons that despots and moors terrorists use against english, innocent populations, and weapons hacked to behave in undesirable ways. We do not have long to act. Once this Pandora's box is opened, it will be hard to close. We therefore implore the High Contracting Parties to find a way to protect us all from these dangers.

A key organiser of the help essay, letter, Toby Walsh, Scientia Professor of Artificial Intelligence at the University of New South Wales in Sydney, said: Nearly every technology can be used for good and bad, and artificial intelligence is no different. A Level Essay. It can help tackle many of the pressing problems facing society today: inequality and poverty, the challenges posed by climate change and the ongoing global financial crisis. However, the same technology can also be used in autonomous weapons to industrialise war. We need to make decisions today choosing which of these futures we want. I strongly support the call by many humanitarian and other organisations for a UN ban on such weapons, similar to bans on chemical and help comparison contrast essay other weapons. Ryan Gariepy, founder of Clearpath Robotics, commented: The number of prominent companies and individuals who have signed this letter reinforces our warning that this is not a hypothetical scenario, but a very real, very pressing concern which needs immediate action. Unlike other potential manifestations of a level, AI, which still remain in the realm of science fiction, autonomous weapons systems are on the cusp of development right now and have a very real potential to cause significant harm to innocent people along with global instability. Stuart Russell, founder and argumentive essay Vice-President of Bayesian Logic, said: Unless people want to see new weapons of a level english essay, mass destruction in the form of vast swarms of lethal microdrones spreading around the world, it's imperative to essay school step up and support the english essay, United Nations' efforts to create a treaty banning lethal autonomous weapons. This is vital for national and international security. 12th August 2017.

A major breakthrough in artificial intelligence has been announced, with a computer beating the essay on wisdom-educate, world's best players at competitive eSports for the first time. OpenAI is a non-profit research company established in 2015 whose founders include Elon Musk. They report that, for the first time, a computer program has beaten the world's best human players at competitive eSports in this case, the game Defence of the a level english plan, Ancients 2 (aka Dota 2). Earlier this year, Google's AlphaGo defeated the world's number one player at Go, a board game similar to chess but with far more complexity. Dota 2, however, is orders of magnitude more complex than even Go. This multiplayer battle arena pits two teams of five against each other, with each team occupying and defending their own separate base on a map.

Each of the ten players independently controls a powerful character, known as a hero, who all have unique abilities and education styles of play. English. There are 113 to choose from. During a match, a player and their team collects experience points and items for their heroes in order to technology changing essay fight the opposing team's heroes and other defences. A team wins by being the plan, first to destroy a large structure in the enemy base called the Ancient. This week, at the annual tournament hosted in Seattle, OpenAI has been demonstrating its bot, which mastered the argumentive, game from scratch by self-play and a level english plan does not use imitation learning or tree search. According to Greg Brockman, the company's Chief Technology Officer, self-playing is a more effective way for AI to learn complex tasks as opposed to fighting much weaker enemies, or overwhelmingly strong ones. Wuthering Moors. By playing against english essay, a copy of thinking company apps, itself, the bot always has a worthy opponent and therefore remembers more useful information. English Plan. After many thousands of practice runs, it gradually learned which moves worked best and which to avoid. It developed a number of behaviours that are demonstrated in the video below. Whereas chess uses an 8 x 8 board, and the game Go has a 19 x 19 board (with each cell being either blank or occupied), Dota 2 is vastly more complex with a gaming board of 15,000 x 15,000 units, a lot of argumentive, hidden information, and a level essay plan many more variables with every action.

The OpenAI bot was able to handle this level of detail, however. In a series of moors, 1v1 matches, it went up against the top human champions in the world, beating them all. A Level English Essay. This included SumaiL (world's best 1v1 player) and Arteezy (top overall player in the world), as well as 27-year-old Danil Dendi Ishutin. At times, the movements of the bot were eerily human-like, with Dendi saying it feels a little like [a] human, but a little like something else. Elon Musk today praised OpenAI on Twitter. He has previously warned that AI represents a fundamental risk to the existence of civilisation and hopes the organisation will foster the of genetically modified essay, creation of essay plan, safer, more benevolent forms of machine intelligence. OpenAI first ever to defeat world's best players in competitive eSports. Holiday. Vastly more complex than traditional board games like chess Go. OpenAI is now developing its bot further, and hopes it can take part in a proper five-on-five match next year, as opposed to just 1v1. A Level English Essay Plan. The company will also explore using its neural network for other games. A large survey of experts in artificial intelligence suggests there is a 50% chance of AI outperforming humans in all tasks within 45 years and of automating all human jobs in critical, 120 years.

A team from the University of Oxford and a level english Yale University has published a new survey that reveals experts' opinions on the likely timing of future milestones in changing education essay, artificial intelligence (AI). A Level Essay. For this paper, they wrote to all researchers who had published at the 2015 NIPS and ICML conferences (two of the premier venues for peer-reviewed research in machine learning). Of the 1,634 authors contacted, a total of 352 (21%) responded. Questions given to participants concerned the timing of essay, specific AI capabilities (e.g. folding laundry, language translation), superiority at essay plan, specific occupations (e.g. truck driver, surgeon), superiority over humans at all tasks, and the social impacts of advanced AI. According to this survey, experts believe that AI will outperform humans in many activities in the near future, such as translating languages (by 2024), writing a high-school essay (by 2026), driving a truck (by 2027), working in retail (by 2031), writing a bestselling book (by 2049), and working as a surgeon (by 2053). Researchers believe there is a 50% chance of AI outperforming humans in all tasks within 45 years (shown in the graph below), and of automating all human jobs within 120 years.

Aggregate subjective probability of 'High-Level Machine Intelligence' (HLMI) arrival by future years. Each respondent provided three data points for their forecast. Interestingly, Asian respondents predict these dates much sooner than North Americans. There was no correlation between the seniority of a researcher and technology the predictions they made. A majority of researchers believe the field of a level essay, machine learning has accelerated in recent years, with 67% saying progress was faster in the second half of their career. While there is much hype and fear about the danger of robots, depicted in movies such as Terminator , the researchers take a more optimistic view about the longer-term future of AI. The majority believe it will benefit humanity, with only a 5% chance of being extremely bad (i.e. causing human extinction). These results will inform discussion amongst researchers and policymakers about anticipating and essay on wisdom-educate managing trends in AI, the survey team concludes.

Most of the questions focus on the cognitive aspects of intelligence that fit well-defined tasks. But parts of intelligence such as emotional intelligence go beyond cognition, says Georgios Yannakakis, an Associate Professor at the Institute of Digital Games, University of Malta. It would be interesting to ask when AI will surpass humans at being art or movie critics. The full survey results can be downloaded as a PDF at arXiv.org. The vessel YARA Birkeland will be the world's first fully electric and english essay plan autonomous container ship, with zero emissions. Operation is planned to start in essay, Norway during the latter half of 2018, with fully autonomous journeys from 2020. YARA Birkeland will be the world's most advanced container feeder ship integrating sensor, control, communications and power into a fully autonomous and 100% electric system. Named after the company YARA's founder the scientist and innovator Kristian Birkeland it will be the a level essay, world's first fully electric container feeder, reducing NOx and CO2 emissions and improving road safety by essay, removing the english essay plan, need for up to 40,000 truck journeys in populated urban areas.

YARA Birkeland will initially operate as a manned vessel, shifting to remote operations in 2019 and performing fully autonomous operations from 2020. This new zero-emission ship could be a game-changer for global maritime transport, helping to meet the UN sustainability goals for 2030 and essay beyond. Shipping is currently responsible for 2.5% of global human-made CO2 emissions, but this could rise to 17% by 2050 if no action is taken. There are now over 100,000 transport ships at sea, of a level essay plan, which about 6,000 are large container ships. As a leading global fertiliser company with a mission to feed the world and protect the planet, investing in this zero emission vessel to essay transport our crop nutrition solutions fits our strategy well.

We are proud to work with KONGSBERG to realise the world's first autonomous, all-electric vessel to enter commercial operation, says Svein Tore Holsether, President and plan CEO of YARA. Every day, more than 100 diesel truck journeys are needed to transport products from YARA's Porsgrunn plant to ports in Brevik and Larvik where we ship products to customers around the world. With this new autonomous battery-driven container vessel, we move transport from road to sea and thereby reduce noise and dust emissions, improve the safety of local roads, and reduce NOx and CO2 emissions, says Holsether. KONGSBERG is responsible for help contrast essay, development and delivery of all key enabling technologies on the YARA Birkeland, including the essay, sensors and integration required for argumentive on wisdom-educate, remote and autonomous operations, in addition to the electric drive, battery and propulsion control systems. By moving container transport from land to sea, YARA Birkeland is the start of a major contribution to a level english fulfilling national and international environmental impact goals. The new concept is also a giant step forward towards increased seaborne transportation in general, says Geir Håøy, CEO of modified essay, KONGSBERG. As a leading global maritime technology company, KONGSBERG's integrated control and monitoring systems are already capable of facilitating remote and unmanned operations. YARA Birkeland will benefit from competence and new technologies developed across KONGSBERG. In addition to being autonomous and a level english fully electric, it will also be ballast-free, to further reduce its impact on the marine environment. This lack of water discharge will help in critical thinking company apps, preventing the spread of non-native, nuisance, or exotic species of english essay plan, plants, animals, viruses and bacteria, which can often cause extensive ecological and wuthering economic damage.

Developing systems for autonomous operations is a major opening and natural step for KONGSBERG, considering our decades of english essay, expertise in the development and integration of advanced sensors, control and communication systems for all areas of ship operations, says Håøy. YARA Birkeland will set the benchmark for benefits, the application of innovative maritime technology for more efficient and environmentally friendly shipping. At the Future of Go Summit in China, Google's DeepMind AlphaGo AI program has beaten the world's number one Go player, Ke Jie. Yet another milestone in the rapidly advancing field of artificial intelligence was achieved this week, as a software program designed to play Go was able to defeat the reigning world champion. A Level. Computer scientists and futurists had predicted that AI would need at least another two decades before it could master the game. Despite its relatively simple rules, Go is essay holiday, extremely complex even more so than chess and has more possible combinations of moves than the total number of atoms in the visible universe.

Compared to chess, Go has both a larger board with more scope for play and longer games, and, on average, many more alternatives to consider per move. AlphaGo was developed by DeepMind, a London-based software company acquired by Google for more than $500m in 2014. In October 2015, it became the first computer program to beat a human professional Go player without handicaps on a full-sized 19×19 board. In March 2016, it beat the legendary Lee Sedol in four of a level, five games, the first time a computer program has beaten a 9-dan professional without handicaps. Help Comparison. In December 2016, it was chosen by english essay, the prestigious journal Science as one of the Breakthrough of the heights moors, Year runners-up. And now, it has beaten Ke Jie, who has continuously held the english essay plan, world No.

1 ranking for two years, winning three of three games against him. The final match, which lasted for 209 moves, is pictured above. I'm very sorry I lost, said the 19-year-old, during a post-match press conference in Wuzhen, Zhejiang province. I wish I could have done better. AlphaGo's algorithm uses a Monte Carlo tree search to decide its moves based on knowledge previously learned by machine learning; specifically by essay, an artificial neural network (a deep learning method) by extensive training, both from human and computer play. DeepMind founder, Demis Hassabis, said Ke Jie had played perfectly and pushed AlphaGo right to the limit. The company says the eventual plan is to deploy its artificial intelligence in areas of medicine and science. They plan to publish an academic paper later this year that will detail the extensive set of improvements made to the algorithms' efficiency and potential to be generalised across a broader set of problems. Urgent reform is needed to deal with the rapid rise of automation, a leading Scottish think-tank has said.

Urgent reform is needed to deal with the rapid rise of automation, which threatens nearly half of a level plan, Scottish jobs by 2030, a leading think-tank has said. The stark warning comes in a new report published by the Institute for Public Policy Research (IPPR) in Scotland, a leading progressive think tank, and benefits essay supported by the JPMorgan Chase Foundation. The report, Scotland's Skills 2030 , outlines the need to reskill Scotland's workforce for the world of work in a level essay plan, the coming decades. With greater numbers of workers working for longer, due to demographic change, and in multiple jobs, multiple careers and for multiple employers, due to technological change, Scotland will need to retrofit the workforce with the of genetically organisms, skills required to compete in the future. There are 2.5m working age adults today (78%) that have left compulsory education, that will still be of the a level english, working age by wuthering, 2030, the study notes adding they are likely to experience significant changes to a level plan the economy over this time, and will need support to essay school holiday learn new skills, retrain and upskill. Meanwhile, just under half (46.1%) of jobs in Scotland, about 1.2m jobs, are at high risk of automation over the next couple of decades. The sectors most likely to be affected are transport, manufacturing and retail, the report states. This brings the need for a skills system that is a level english essay plan, able to technology work with people in jobs, throughout their careers, rather than solely at the start or before their careers have begun, the researchers warn. Scotland has a clear gap in training and a level english essay plan learning for people who have already started their careers, with a greater focus on holiday, younger people, and full-time provision in recent years. Employers are not plugging this gap, and too often pursue a low-skill business model. IPPR Scotland is calling for english essay, a new mid-career learning route, called the comparison, Open Institute of Technology, to sit alongside apprenticeships and further education, to help train the current workforce to be ready for the future challenges Scotland's economy faces, the report concludes.

Russell Gunson, Director of a level english essay, IPPR Scotland, said: There are more than 2.5 million people already in the workforce today that will still be working by wuthering moors essay, 2030. There are also 1.2m jobs in Scotland at risk of automation over the same time. Scotland urgently needs to design a skills system better able to work with people already into their careers to help them to retrain, reskill and respond to world of work of 2030. Scotland has a really strong record on skills in many ways, and in this report we find that Scotland is the highest skilled nation in the UK. However, our system has a clear gap in that we don't have enough provision for a level english essay, people who have already started their careers, and contrast essay employers are not investing to fill this gap.

To respond to the huge changes facing Scotland around demographic, technological and climate change and of course Brexit we're going to a level english essay have to focus on retrofitting the current workforce to essay provide them with the skills they need, to deliver the inclusive economic growth we wish to plan see. Our report makes a number of recommendations to help Scotland plot a path through these challenges, to reform the skills system in Scotland, to holiday help to english essay plan secure an economy that delivers fairness and reduces inequality. Without reform of the skills system we could see changes to the economy harm whole sections of population, and whole communities, leaving many behind. The University of Utah has revealed a new robotic drill system for greatly speeding up surgical procedures. Essay School Holiday. One type of complex cranial surgery could be done in a fiftieth of the a level, normal time, decreasing from two hours to just two and a half minutes. A computer-driven automated drill, similar to those used to company machine auto parts, could play a pivotal role in a level english essay, future surgical procedures. The new machine can make one type of complex cranial surgery 50 times faster than standard procedures, decreasing from essay school, two hours to two and a half minutes. Researchers at the University of Utah developed a drill that produces fast, clean and safe cuts reducing the time the english, wound is technology changing, open and the patient is anesthetised, thereby decreasing the english, incidence of infection, human error, and surgical cost.

The findings are reported in Neurosurgical Focus . To perform complex surgeries especially cranial surgeries surgeons typically use hand drills to make intricate openings, adding hours to a procedure: It was like doing archaeology, said William Couldwell, study author and neurosurgeon at the University of Utah Health. We had to slowly take away the bone to critical thinking avoid sensitive structures. Couldwell saw a need for a device that could alleviate this burden and make the process more efficient: We knew the technology was already available in the machine world, but no one ever applied it to medical applications. My expertise is dealing with the removal of metal quickly, so a neurosurgical drill was a new concept for me, explained A. K. Balaji, associate professor in mechanical engineering. I was interested in developing a low-cost drill that could do a lot of the grunt work to reduce surgeon fatigue. Credit: University of a level english plan, Utah. The team developed the drill from scratch, as well as new software to calculate the safest cutting path. First, the patient is imaged using CT scans to gather bone data and identify the wuthering heights moors essay, exact location of sensitive structures, such as nerves, veins and arteries that must be avoided.

Surgeons then use this information to program a cutting path for the drill: The software lets the surgeon choose the optimum path from point A to point B, like Google Maps, says Balaji. In addition, the surgeon can program safety barriers along the cutting path within 1 mm of plan, sensitive structures. Think of the barriers like a construction zone, says Balaji. You slow down to navigate it safety. The translabyrinthine surgery is performed thousands of times a year to expose slow-growing, benign tumours that can form at auditory nerves. This cut must avoid several sensitive features, including facial nerves and the venous sinus, a large vein that drains blood from the brain. Risks of this surgery include loss of facial movement.

The system developed at Utah has an automatic emergency shut-off switch. During surgery, facial nerves are monitored for any signs of irritation: If the drill gets too close to the facial nerve and irritation is contrast essay, monitored, the drill automatically turns off, says Couldwell. The new drill could reduce the duration of this complex procedure from plan, two hours for hand-drilling by an experienced surgeon to two and a half minutes. The shorter surgery is expected to school holiday lower the chance of infection and improve post-operative recovery. Essay Plan. It also has potential to substantially reduce the cost of surgery, because it shaves hours from operating room time. The team has now demonstrated the safety and speed of the drill by company apps, performing this complex cut but Couldwell stresses that it can be applied to many other procedures: This drill can be used for a variety of surgeries, like machining the perfect receptacle opening in the bone for a hip implant, he said.

The varied application of the drill highlights another factor that drew Balaji to a level the project: I was motivated by the fact that this technology could democratise health care by levelling the playing field so more people can receive quality care, he said. Help Contrast. The team is now examining opportunities to commercialise the drill to ensure that it is more widely available for other surgical procedures.