How to write bibliographies

Applications with Direct Costs of bibliographies $500,000 or More in Any One Year. This document describes the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) implementation of the NIH policy requiring all investigator-initiated applications that request $500,000 or more in writing direct costs in any one year to obtain documented approval from the Institute stating that it will accept the application for initial peer review. This policy applies to all investigator-initiated new, renewal (competing continuation), resubmission (amended), or revision (competing supplement) applications requesting $500,000 or more in direct costs in any one year. First-tier consortium and how to write bibliographies, administrative (FA) costs do not count against defend a position essay, the direct cost limit. Prospective applicants should always refer to Section IV (Application and Submission Information) of the individual Funding Opportunity Announcement (FOA) to which they are responding for detailed information about applications requesting $500,000 or more in direct costs in any project year. FOAs that do not have budgetary limits will contain language instructing applicants requesting $500,000 or more in direct costs in any one year to contact Institute staff to seek agreement to accept assignment of the application. This document describes the procedure required for an NHLBI decision to accept such an application. When the instructions in write the FOA differ from the general guidance provided here, applicants should follow the instructions given in the FOA. This policy does not apply to: Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) grant applications (R43 or R44) Small Business Technology Transfer (STTR) grant applications (R41 or R42) Applications submitted in response to Requests for Applications (RFAs) or in defend a position essay topics response to other Announcements that include specific Budgetary limits. Note: The requirements and criteria for acceptance of National Research Service Award (NRSA) Institutional Research Training (T32) applications requesting $500,000 or more in how to write direct costs for writing a good essay, any year differ from what is described in this policy; please refer to the NHLBI Supplemental Guidelines for the Ruth L. Kirschstein Institutional National Research Service Award (Parent T32) . To obtain NHLBI acceptance for review of an how to write, application requesting direct costs of $500,000 or more in any one year, a potential applicant must: Discuss the proposed research project with NHLBI program and review staff via an essay, in-person meeting or a conference call (i.e., staff consultation ) Submit a letter of request to write bibliographies, the NHLBI. Important: Please see Table 1. Pre-submission milestones in section D. for the deadlines associated with the staff consultation and writing critical, letter of request . The staff consultation is the first step in requesting approval to submit an application with direct costs of $500,000 or more in any one year.

It is a discussion between Institute staff members and the Principal Investigator (PI) and key personnel of a proposed research project (to adequately prepare for this discussion, NHLBI staff members may request a draft letter of request prior to the staff consultation). The staff consultation: (1) ensures that the NHLBI receives applications that are scientifically aligned with the Institute’s mission and strategic vision and (2) enables the Institute to how to bibliographies, consider the essay topics, budgetary impact of write bibliographies supporting such a project. After the staff consultation, the intended applicant(s) submit a letter of request (as a PDF attached to critical, an email) to the Director of the NHLBI extramural Program Division whose research mission is most relevant to bibliographies, the proposed topic (see Section E. Meaning Of Names Essay! below). Write Bibliographies! This letter serves as the a position essay, formal request seeking permission to submit an application with direct costs of $500,000 or more in any one year. The title of the proposed project The anticipated application receipt date A description of the specific aims of the proposed project, including any subprojects The significance of the proposed research The key personnel (the eRA Commons userid must be included for the PI or contact PI) The submitting organization or institution The direct costs, subcontract FA (if any), and total costs for each year of the proposed project using one of the two tables provided via the following link (funds and value of goods or services provided by how to bibliographies, third-party contributors* must also be included): #13; *Proposed third-party support: A letter notifying the NHLBI about any proposed third-party support, the estimated commitment level, and possible contingency plans in of the english the event that the third-party support is terminated during the write, research project should be submitted by the PI at the same time as the $500K letter of request. This letter is non-binding and is for planning purposes only. If the NHLBI decides to fund the application, prior to the Notice of Award the NHLBI will request that the grant applicant’s Authorized Organization Representative (AOR) submit a formal Third-Party Contribution Agreement signed by critical, the third-party’s AOR. In addition, NHLBI funding of an application with third-party support may be contingent on securing co-funding from those sources.

The NHLBI considers the following criteria in determining whether to accept a proposed application for initial peer review: Relevance to write, the NHLBI mission and strategic vision Complementary nature of the proposed program to other NHLBI programs Potential value of knowledge gained Reasonableness of the proposed annual costs Appropriateness of the proposed plans for data sharing Potential for cost sharing with other federal and non-federal entities. For research involving human subjects, the NHLBI considers the writing a good critical essay, following additional criteria: Within two to six weeks of receipt of the letter of request, the how to write, NHLBI will notify the applicant in writing about its decision to accept or reject an application for television, peer review. Please note: Granting permission to submit the application for how to, review does not guarantee the NHLBI will fund the application or that it will fund the application at the requested levels, regardless of the outcome of peer review. To facilitate the critical, receipt of the how to write, application, applicants must include a cover letter with the application that identifies the NHLBI Program staff member(s) with whom they have been in of writing contact regarding the application. If the Subtotal Direct Cost on the cover page of the application exceeds the amount the NHLBI agreed to accept, the write, application may be withdrawn or not awarded. Instructions for essay, Resubmission (Amended) Applications. The NHLBI’s decision to accept a $500K application for peer review for a specific receipt date automatically allows for write, the submission a single amended application (i.e., an “A1” application), provided that. the submission of the A1 application occurs within 37 months of the original receipt date for the initial new (A0) application, in accordance with NOT-OD-10-140, the originally proposed research plan remains unchanged, and english, the total direct costs per year do not exceed the amount the NHLBI originally agreed to accept (excluding increases in PI salaries due to changes to the NIH salary cap, if the new budget does not exceed the program project grant (PPG) cap of how to write $1.515 million in direct costs in any one year). Essay Topics! Contingent on meeting the three requirements above, an applicant intending to submit an amended (A1) application does not need to participate in another staff consultation or submit another letter of how to write request. And Styles Of Writing! However, the NHLBI requests that every applicant intending to submit an bibliographies, A1 application first submit a letter of intent to the NHLBI so the Institute can plan for the receipt, referral, and forms and styles of writing, review of the A1 application.

See the “ Note ” below for specific instructions. If a resubmission (A1) application does not meet all three conditions above, the applicant must initiate a new round of discussions with Institute staff (i.e., a staff consultation) and submit a new letter of request. Note: NIH policy requires documented Institute permission for every submission of an how to write bibliographies, application with subtotal directs costs equal to or exceeding $500,000 in a position any one year, and write, NHLBI staff members need to take administrative actions so the Center for Scientific Review can accept a resubmission (A1) application for peer review. Therefore, applicants must inform NHLBI staff about the essay television influence, intended receipt date to which they plan to submit the resubmission (A1) application. The most effective and preferred method to notify staff about the write, intended submission of an amended (A1) application is through a letter of intent to the appropriate Program Officer, with a separate copy to the Director, Office of Scientific Review, at least six weeks prior to submitting any resubmission application. This letter should include: Receipt date and forms and styles an essay, Council round for the intended submission Descriptive title of proposed research Name, address, and telephone number of the PI Names of other key personnel Participating institutions (highlight the name of the submitting institution) Number and title of the how to write, FOA to which the application is lord of the flies higher english essay responding Prior grant application number eRA Commons userid of the PI or the contact PI. Bibliographies! In the lord flies english essay, event the resubmission (A1) application is not awarded, applicants may submit a new (A0) application with similar science, in accordance with the NIH application submission policy as stated in NIH Guide Notice NOT-OD-14-074. How To Bibliographies! If the new application requests direct costs of $500,000 or more in any one year, then the $500K process for new applications applies and writing, must be re-initiated (even if the subsequent new [A0] application has the same science and write, budget as an earlier $500K application the NHLBI agreed to accept but that was unsuccessful).

Potential applicants are strongly encouraged to begin informal discussions with NHLBI scientific staff as early as possible in and styles the process of planning their proposed research application (remember that staff consultations are always required before applicants may submit letters of request). The deadlines for the two steps associated with obtaining NHLBI acceptance of an application for review depend on whether the how to write bibliographies, direct costs requested exceed the program project grant (PPG) cap of $1.515 million* in any one year. *For proposed applications that include non-NIH support (i.e., cash, goods, services, in-kind contributions, salary support): If the forms of writing, value of the non-NIH support plus the subtotal direct costs requested of the NIH (excluding subcontract FA) exceeds $1.515 million in any one year, the deadlines for applications requesting direct costs exceeding the PPG cap apply . (Calculate this in bibliographies one of the cell phone are dangerous, two tables provided for the letter of request: #13; For new or renewal applications requesting direct costs exceeding the PPG cap of $1.515 million in any one year: the letter of request and staff consultation due dates (stated in Table 1 below) are firm because the NHLBI only considers requests to submit these applications twice per year. For new or renewal applications requesting direct costs less than the PPG cap of $1.515 million (but $500,000 or more ) in any one year: the letter of request must be received by the NHLBI no later than six weeks prior to the standard NIH due date for which a proposed application would be submitted, and the staff consultation should occur at least two months prior to the standard NIH application receipt date so NHLBI staff members can adequately consider the proposed project. Use the table below to find specific deadlines associated with each receipt date: Table 1: Pre-submission milestones. (earlier contact recommended) (earlier contact recommended) (earlier contact recommended) ** The application receipt dates are staggered for various grant mechanisms. In the “Application Due Date” row of the table above, the earlier date is for all P01s (where applicable). The later date applies to new investigator-initiated research project (R01) grant applications. Dates in red italics are for renewal R01 applications . Application receipt dates for other grant mechanisms – as well as for write, renewal, resubmission, and revision submissions – can be found on the “Standard Due Dates for Competing Applications” website at http://grants1.nih.gov/grants/funding/submissionschedule.htm. Essay! The deadlines for the milestones dates in the table (e.g., the letter of request) follow the earliest application due date listed. If the deadlines above fall on a weekend or holiday, the next business day applies.

E. NHLBI Extramural Program Division Directors. All written requests for NHLBI agreement to how to bibliographies, accept applications subject to this policy should be submitted to one of the following Division Directors: Two Rockledge Center, Room 10042. 6701 Rockledge Drive, MSC 7952. Bethesda, MD 20892-7952. Division of Blood Diseases and Resources. Dr. Television! W. Keith Hoots.

Two Rockledge Center. 6701 Rockledge Drive, MSC 7950. Bethesda, MD 20892-7950. Division of Cardiovascular Sciences. Two Rockledge Center, Room 8128. 6701 Rockledge Drive, MSC 7940. Bethesda, MD 20892-7940.

Q1: How are the NHLBI timelines for the staff consultation, letter of how to request, and (resubmission application) letter of intent affected by applications eligible for submission under the meaning of names essay, NIH Policy on write, Late Submission of Grant Applications? A1: The NHLBI expects applicants to writing, adhere to the deadlines specified in how to write this policy as they apply to essay, the cycle for the Council to how to, which an application is to be submitted. Given extenuating circumstances, staff members may grant latitude on these deadlines--not to meaning, exceed two weeks for applications submitted to standard receipt dates or one week for how to bibliographies, applications submitted to expedited receipt dates (e.g., AIDS receipt dates). Q2: How are the defend a position essay topics, NHLBI timelines for the staff consultation, letter of request, and (resubmission application) letter of intent affected by applications eligible for submission under the NIH continuous submission policy? A2: Applications requesting direct costs of $500,000 or more in any year and that are less than PPG cap that are eligible for how to, submission under the NIH continuous submission policy, may have their deadlines adjusted as described here: Staff consultation: Two months prior to intended submission date Letter of request: Six weeks prior to intended submission date Letter of meaning Intent for resubmission (A1) applications: Requested six weeks prior to write, submission date.

It is expected that applications requesting direct costs that exceed the cell phone essay, PPG cap of $1.515 million in any one year and how to write bibliographies, are eligible for submission under the NIH continuous submission policy will adhere to the pre-submission activity (letter of request and staff consultation) and writing a good critical essay, approval schedule as stated in the pre-submission milestones table (Table 1) above. If there are extenuating circumstances, applicants are encouraged to consult with the appropriate NHLBI extramural Program Division identified in Section E. of this policy.

og thesis (The list is how to write incomplete, mostly due to writing a good critical essay, confidentiality.) March 21-24: Strategic Technology and Innovation Management , MBA program, Norwegian Business School/Fudan University, Shanghai, China. March 15-18: Strategic Technology and bibliographies, Innovation Management , MBA program, Norwegian Business School/Fudan University, Shanghai, China. January 22: Strategic Management , HSBA , Hamburg, Germany. December 5-7: Decisions from a good essay Data: Driving an how to organization on forms and styles of writing an essay, analytics , Executive Short Program, BI Norwegian Business School, Oslo. November 20-21: Technology Management and how to, Disruptive Innovations, BI Norwegian Business School EMBA course, Oslo. October 24-27: Digitalisering for vekst og innovasjon , Executive Short Program, Accenture Technology Labs/BI Norwegian Business School, Sophia Antipolis, France.

October 10: Digitalisering (med Ragnvald Sannes), Econa frokostmte, Oslo. September 27: Grep for forms and styles an essay kt verdiskapning i helsesektoren , eHealth konferansen, Oslo Kongressenter, Oslo. September 18: Norsk Datas vekst og fall . Norsk Datas 50-rs jubileum, Teknisk Museum, Oslo. September 14-17: Strategisk forretningsutvikling og innovasjon , Executive management program, BI, Oslo. August 30-September 1: Electric vehicles and how to bibliographies, digital transport coordination , Total Innovation Journey, Oalo.

June 16: Digitalisering og disrupsjon, Computas AS, Hyskolen i Oslo, Oslo. June 12-14: Innovasjonsledelse og digitalisering , Bergen Kommunes Managementprogram, BI Bergen. June 2: Digitalisering og fremtidens arbeidsliv , Statens Pensjonskasse, Hank Fjordhotell, Fredrikstad. May 19: Teaching with cases in non-case environments; Foundation, flow and essay television, feedback (keynote and write bibliographies, workshop) , INTQUANT Conference on Case Study Teaching, University of of names, Applied Sciences BFI, Vienna, Austria. March 29: Digital disruption , French Chamber of Commerce seminar, BI Norwegian Business School, Oslo. March 23: Digitalisering endrer shippingbransjen , Firstpoint kundeseminar, Bergen. March 22: Digitalisering som forretningsdisrupsjon , FOOD 2017, Hotell Bristol, Oslo. March 15: Informatikk: Digital konomi og ledelse - eller hvorfor jenter br ske teknologi og ledelse , IT-camp for how to bibliographies jenter, Universitetet i Oslo.

March 13: Digitialisering og dens konsekvenser , Brum Rotary, Hvik. March 9: Digital disruption , Management seminar, Kempinski Hotel Beijing Lufthansa Center, Beijing, China. March 8: Digital disruption , Norwegian Business Association China, Beijing, China. March 2-5: Strategic Technology and writing a good critical, Innovation Management , MBA program, Norwegian Business School/Fudan University, Shanghai, China. February 28: Digitalization and how to, its consequences , BI-Fudan student information meeting, Radisson Hotel, Shanghai.

February 15: Digitalisering - fra frykt til praksis , REN membership meeting, BI, Oslo. February 14: Digital disrupsjon - utfordre det etablerte med digital teknologi , Atea kvartalsseminar, lesund. February 8: Hvordan lede en case-diskusjon , EGN gruppeledermte, Oslo. January 26: Er Norge en digital sinke? (med Ragnvald Sannes), BI/Econa seminar, BI. January 24: Digital disrupsjon - utfordre det etablerte med digital teknologi , Atea kvartalsseminar, Bergen. January 16: Strategic Management , HSBA , Hamburg, Germany. December 14: Disrupsjon og digitalisering - hva skjer om man sover i timen? Digiplex seminar, Kleivstua, Sundvollen.

December 1: Digitalisering for lord flies higher english vekst og innovasjon , Nrings- og Fiskeridepartementet, Oslo. November 28: Digitalisering endrer shippingbransjen , Firstpoint kundeseminar, Oslo. November 21-22: Technology Management and bibliographies, Disruptive Innovations, BI Norwegian Business School EMBA course, Oslo. November 15: Blir din neste kollega en robot? 07 Media seminar, Bristol hotell, Oslo.

November 11: Digitialisering og dens konsekvenser , BI Alumni seminar, BI, Oslo. November 1-4: Strategisk forretningsutvikling og innovasjon, Executive Master of defend essay, Management module, Accenture Technology Labs/BI Norwegian Business School, Sophia Antipolis, France. October 25-28: Digitalisering for write bibliographies vekst og innovasjon , Executive Short Program, Accenture Technology Labs/BI Norwegian Business School, Sophia Antipolis, France. September 24: Digital disruption , workshop, Nordic Business Forum, Shanghai, China. September 23: How digital technology is fundamental for business strategies, Team Norway Annual Meeting, Shanghai, China. September 15: Digitalisering og forretningsutvikling , Tekna Business Controller 2016, Scandic Solli, Oslo. September 14-17: Strategisk forretningsutvikling og innovasjon , Executive management program, BI, Oslo. September 8: Digitalisering - fra frykt til praksis , Norne Securities , Jonsvollkvartalet, Bergen. August 25: Digitalisering - et senter og en agenda , Devoteam, Oslo. June 16: Digitalisering og disrupsjon , Indra Navia internseminar, Soria Moria, Oslo. June 9: Digitalisering - fra frykt til praksis , Firstpoint kundeseminar, Hotel Neptun, Bergen.

June 8: Innovations in essay television, mediating technologies and write bibliographies, the reduction of television influence, sequential frictions: Building seamless travel networks (with Lars Huemer), Strategic Management Society external conference, Padua, Italy. June 7: Digitalisering og disrupsjon , seminar for Forsvaret, BI, Oslo. May 26: Understanding technology disruption , Internal technology seminar, Conax, Oslo. May 25: Digitalisering og disrupsjon , seminar for write Kommunal- og moderniseringsdepartementet, BI, Oslo. April 5: Digitalization and its consequences (with Ragnvald Sannes), French-Norwegian Open Innovation Forum, DNV-GL, Hvik. April 4: Strategic business models and cell phone are dangerous, technology disruption , Telenor ACE course, Fornebu. March 17: Digitalization and how to write, its consequences (with Ragnvald Sannes), British-Norwegian Chamber of and styles an essay, Commerce, BI, Oslo. March 1: Strategic Management , HSBA, Hamburg, Germany. February 18-21: IT Management and how to, e-Business , MBA program, Norwegian Business School/Fudan University, Shanghai, China. February 4: Digitalisering og tjenesteinnovasjon . Meaning Of Names Essay. Firstpoint kundeseminar, Bergen. January 21: Digitalisering og profesjoner: selge kompetanse i en verden der informasjon er fri , Akademikernes topplederseminar, Lysebu, Oslo.

January 21: Suksess med samhandlingsverkty , Computerworld CIO Forum Unified Communications, Oslo Kongressenter. November 25-26: Technology Management and Disruptive Innovations, BI Norwegian Business School EMBA course, Oslo. November 18: Digitalisering og hyere utdanning , REN konferansen, Hgskolen i Oslo og Akershus, Oslo. November 9: Mte med helsesystemet i Norge , EHiN 2015, Plaza Hotell, Oslo. November 4-7: Strategisk forretningsutvikling og innovasjon , Accenture Technology Labs/SKEMA Business School/BI Norwegian Business School, Sophia Antipolis, France. October 26-31: Digitalisering for vekst og innovasjon , Accenture Technology Labs/SKEMA Business School/BI Norwegian Business School, Sophia Antipolis, France. October 23: Strategier for write en delingskonomi , Parat Medias bransjeseminar, Oslo Kongressenter. October 15: Teknologi, innovasjon og teknologiinnovasjon , arvato Financials, Mnefisken, Oslo. October 8: Teknologi, innovasjon og teknologiinnovasjon , Statnetts ITavdeling, UBC, Oslo. October 2: HBSP case teaching seminar , EBS Business School, Oestrich-Winkel, Germany.

September 15-17: Forretningsforstelse for cell essay teknologer , Executive Short Program, BI, Oslo. August 17-19: Forretningsforstelse for how to teknologer , ESP program (bedriftsinternt), Conax AS, Oslo. June 5: How technology changes strategy , European Parquet Congress, Bordeaux, France. April 17: HBSP case teaching seminar , Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey. March 24: Prosjektkatastrofer: Kjennetegn og rsaker , ComputerWorld CIO Forum Test, Oslo Kongressenter, Oslo. February 25: Competitive mechanisms and positioning , Strategy in writing essay, Action Executive short programme, BI Norwegian Business School, Oslo. February 15: Strategic Management , HSBA, Hamburg, Germany. February 4-7: IT Management and write bibliographies, e-Business , MBA program, Norwegian Business School/Fudan University, Shanghai, China. February 3: Current technology evolution and and styles of writing an essay, future global disruption , Norwegian Business School/Fudan University information meeting , Hotel Radisson Blu New World, Shanghai, China.

January 29: Disruptiv innovasjon , Betongelementforeningen rsmte, Park Inn, Gardermoen. January 28: Fremtidens luftfart: Teknologiutvikling, internasjonalisering og nye forretningsmodeller? , Luftfartskonferansen 2015, Scandic Havet, Bod. January 21: Norsk luftfarts fremtid , Widere ledersamling, Radisson Blu, Bod. December 3: Strategy, business models and how to bibliographies, technology evolution , Schibsted trainee seminar, Schibsted, Oslo. November 27: Business for forms of writing an essay technologists and how to write bibliographies, technology for defend topics businesspeople (with Ragnvald Sannes), BI MBA Alumni Dinner, stmarksetra, Oslo. November 24-25: E-Marketing and write, E-Commerce , Lorange Institute of forms of writing an essay, Business, Zrich, Switzerland. November 21: Digitalisering og dens konsekvenser , Bearingpoint, KS Agenda, Oslo. November 20: Disruptiv innovasjon , Byggevareindustriens forening, Hotel Bristol, Oslo. November 11: Caseundervisning, teknologi og fremtidens utdanning , Fleksibel Utdanning Norge, Hotel Royal Christiania, Oslo.

November 10: Teknologistrategi - hvordan teknologi utvikler seg og pvirker bedriftsstrategi , Capra Consulting, Hotel Bristol, Oslo. November 4-7: Strategisk forretningsutvikling og innovasjon , Accenture Technology Labs/BI Norwegian Business School, Sophia Antipolis, France. October 31: Hva ledere br vite om teknologi og innovasjon , Kunnskapsfrokost, BI Norwegian Business School, Oslo. October 16: Eliteutdanning i et lite land , intervju NITO Live, Teknisk Museum, Oslo. September 17-20: Strategisk forretningsutvikling og innovasjon , BI Norwegian Business School, Oslo. September 11: Den helt digitale fremtiden , Xledger Partnerdag, Ullevl Business Center, Oslo. September 10: Teknologi, produktivitet og helse , IDG Health World , Oslo Plaza Hotel, Oslo.

September 9: Why is bibliographies everyone making money in phone, the airline industry - except the bibliographies, airlines? , International Conference on an essay, Civil Aviation, BI Norwegian Business School, Oslo. September 9: Totalt Digitalt , innovation@altinn, Oslo. September 8, Teknologi, innovasjon, og teknologiinnovasjon , Akersborg Rotary Klubb, Grand Hotel, Oslo. August 21: Teaching discussions and write, interactions , Dept. of meaning essay, Strategy and bibliographies, Logistics teaching seminar, BI Norwegian Business School, Oslo. June 18: Teknologi, innovasjon, og teknologiinnovasjon , IT-Arena, Drammen Nringslivsforening, Drammen. February 26: 3D-printing - fra lekety til industriell disrupsjon? Software 2014, Oslo. February 25: Digital Enterprise , (panel debate), HBS/INSEAD alumni club, Oslo. February 25: If the higher english, company knew what the write, company knows: Fixing the mess inside , konferansen IT Leadership, Dansk IT, Copenhagen. December 5-6: The Art and defend a position essay, Craft of write bibliographies, Discussion Leadership , Harvard Business Press seminar (with Bill Schiano ), BI Norwegian Business School, Oslo.

November 28: Innovasjon og teknologiutvikling , Kartverket, Hnefoss. November 26: Teknologiske jordskjelv - disruptive innovasjoner , Konferansens Grensesprengende kunnskapsopplevelser (arrangert av Buskerud Fylkeskommune), Union Scene, Drammen. November 20: Innovasjon, utvikling og bil , DNB Finans Bilforhandler konferansen 2013, Bjrvika, Oslo. November 15: Phases in cell, IT entrepreneurship , Innovasjon Norge, Oslo. November 12-14: Strategisk forretningsutvikling og innovasjon , Accenture Technology Labs/BI Norwegian Business School, Sophia Antipolis, France. November 7: Innovasjon og teknologiutvikling , Teknologiforum, Norge Digitalt, Thon Arena, Lillestrm. October 18-19: Strategic management: Analysis, plans and how to write, business models . Meaning Of Names Essay. Bilfinger Academy/Mannheim Business School, Warsaw, Poland. October 10: Big Data som konkurransevpen Computerworld CIO Forum, Oslo Kongressenter, Oslo.

September 26: Hvis bedriften visste hva bedriften vet. Evry IT-ting 2013, Tnsberg. September 5-6: E-Marketing and how to, E-Commerce , Lorange Institute of writing critical essay, Business, Zrich, Switzerland. August 8-12: IT Management and e-Business , MBA program, Norwegian Business School/Fudan University, Shanghai, China. June 13: The Art and Craft of Discussion Leadership , Harvard Business Press seminar (with Robert D. Write Bibliographies. Austin) , ESADE, Barcelona. June 11: Luftfart og ledelse: Strategisk lring fra internasjonal flybransje . Higher English Essay. Scandinavian Leadership Programme, Frogner Hovedgrd, Oslo. June 3, 4, 11, 15: Technology Management, BI Norwegian Business School EMBA course, Oslo. May 28: Teknologistrategi og disruptive innovasjoner , lederseminar, Finn.no, Oslo. April 3: Writing your thesis - the how to write bibliographies, mindset of a supervising professor , presentation to M.Sc. Forms And Styles An Essay. class, BI Norwegian Business School. March 3: Ledelse under disrupsjon , BIs temadag om endringsledelse, Handelshyskolen BI, Oslo.

February 28: Hvordan lykkes som IT-direktr i olje- og gassbransjen , Energyworld conference, Stavanger. February 14: IT i Norge - bransje eller katalysator? , Software 2013, Radisson Blu, Oslo. January 16: Luftfart og forretningsstrategi , FrPs luftfartseminar, Stortinget, Oslo. January 10: Technology development and write bibliographies, market evolution , Kongsberg Maritime, Park Hotell, Sandefjord. December 11: Strategiske perspektiver p automatisering og robotisering , Teknologirdet, Oslo. November 29 - December 2: IT Management and phone essay, e-Business , MBA program, Norwegian Business School/Fudan University, Shanghai, China. November 27: IT og innovasjon i Norge, Altinns innovasjonsgruppe, DogA, Oslo. November 23: Teknologistrat egi og disruptive innovasjoner , Finn.no lederseminar, BI, Oslo. November 15: Enterprise Architecture and write bibliographies, the Race Against the of the flies english essay, Machine: Two Perspectives on bibliographies, Long-term Systems Change , Accenture Technology Labs, Sophia Antipolis, France. November 14: Innovasjon og tjenesteproduksjon i Norge , Accenture Technology Labs, Sophia Antipolis, France. October 17: IKT-nringen - attraktiv som innovasjonsklynge?

Oslo Innovation Week, Polyteknisk Forening, Ole-Johan Dahls hus, Institutt for television Informatikk, Universitetet i Oslo. October 1-5: Technology Strategy, Entrepreneurship and bibliographies, Innovation , (with Hermann Kopp), Essec-Mannheim Executive MBA module, BI, Oslo. September 15: Sosial medier og usosiale bedrifter? Hvordan pvirker sosiale medier og nyere teknologiutvikling norsk nringsliv? AAA Conference, Soliditet/Dun Bradstreet, Berlin. July 11: Strategies for and styles of writing an essay a changing medical market , Biomet European Sales Meeting Barcelona. June 12: Norwegian IT: Industry and enzyme , BI Norwegian Business School New York Alumni meeting, Pace University, New York City.

April 18: IT innovation and how to, Tetris , MIT CISR research meeting, MIT, Cambridge. March 16-17: Participant-centered learning , Harvard Business School, Boston. February 7 - 8: Competing online , Lorange Institute of phone, Business, Zrich, Switzerland. February 2 - 5: IT Management and how to bibliographies, e-Business , MBA program, Norwegian Business School/Fudan University, Shanghai, China. January 18: Value creation and phone, Information Technology: The role and how to write bibliographies, nature of critical essay, IT in how to, chains, shops, networks , MIT CISR research meeting, MIT, Cambridge.

November 1: Meeting the forms an essay, tsunami of how to write bibliographies, unstructured data: The perils and writing critical essay, promise of enterprise search , MIT CISR Annual Sponsor Research Forum, Media Lab, MIT, Cambridge. September 12-16: Technology Strategy, Entrepreneurship and Innovation , (with Hermann Kopp), University of how to write, Mannheim EMBA module, BI, Oslo. June 20: Teknologistrategi og teknologiledelse , Seminar for are dangerous NRK-ansatte, Thorbjrnrud Konferansesenter, Jevnaker. June 8: CIO = Chief Innovation Officer? IBM CIO forum, Continental Hotel, Oslo. June 8: Enterprise 2.0 – Nye organisasjonsformer og en ny generasjon brukere krever nytenkning . ERP-systemer 2011, Oslo Konferansesenter, Oslo. May 5: Er IT-avdelingen p vei til teknisk museum? , HP IKT-Norge seminar, Teknisk Museum, Oslo. May 4: Cloud computing - hvor er den norske innovasjonskraften , Polyteknisk Forenings gruppe for write bibliographies informasjonsteknologi, Oslo. April 5: Hvordan IT skapte den moderne bank og det moderne flyselskap , Institute for of the higher english essay Informatics, University of Oslo. March 3 - 6: IT Management and bibliographies, e-Business , MBA program, Norwegian Business School/Fudan University, Shanghai, China. February 17: Teknologiutvikling og teknologistrategi , RD samling, Kongsberg Maritime, Lillehammer.

February 8: Dataanalyse endrer seg , keynote BOB/NIB Brukerkonferanse 2011, Holmenkollen Park Hotel, Oslo. January 31: Teknologi, organisasjon og kundekommunikasjon , lederseminar Norsk Tipping AS, Hamar. January 24: Hjelper IT oss oppn millenium-mlene? Debatt Polyteknisk Forening IT, Hndverkeren, Oslo. January 15: Wikipedia - en vakker tanke , Wikipedias 10-rs jubileum, Litteraturhuset, Oslo. January 8: Det feilorganiserte sykehuset: Produktivitet i en problemlsende virksomhet , rsmte Norsk forum for helseledelse, Holmenkollen Park Hotel, Oslo.

December 9: Sosiale medier for bedriftsintern samhandling , seminar for meaning RAV Norge, Hotel Continental, Oslo. December 8: Musikkbransjen i en digital tidsalder , paneldebatt, Ballade bransjekveld, Internasjonalen, Oslo. November 17: Ut av siloene. Keynote, Dataforeningens seminar Ut av siloene , IBM Headquarters, Mastemyr, Oslo. November 2: IKT i skolen: Paradokser og poenger , Hstseminar, Hedmark Fylkeskommune, Hamar. October 14 - 17: IT Management and write, e-Business , MBA program, Norwegian Business School/Fudan University, Shanghai, China. September 30: Rd for forms and styles of writing an essay akademiske populrskribenter , seminar for write bibliographies studentavisen Argument, Universitetet i Oslo. September 21-25: Technology Strategy, Entrepreneurship and lord of the, Innovation , (with Hermann Kopp), University of write, Mannheim EMBA module, BI, Oslo. September 20: Social media as a disruptive innovation , RECORD seminar, Norwegian School of flies higher english essay, Architecture and Design, Oslo. August 24: forst endring: Teknologi, kunder og informasjon , Postbanken lederseminar, Oslo. August 23: Utfordringer og muligheter for norske IKT-selskaper , (telekonferanse) Innovasjon Norges IKT-seksjon.

May 19: Teknologievolusjon og markedsutvikling , Troms Senter for how to write bibliographies fjernteknologi, Troms. March 19: Disruptive innovations: When the good technology loses , NetPower seminar, Devoteam DaVinci/SINTEF, Oslo. March 4 - 7: IT Management and forms and styles an essay, e-Business , MBA program, Norwegian Business School/Fudan University, Shanghai, China. February 9: Hvor blir alle kundene av? Disruptiv konkurranse i bank og finans , Accenture/Avanade customer seminar, Felix konferansesenter, Oslo. January 20: IKT i skolen: Paradokser og poenger , foredrag ved pningen av Senter for IKT i utdanningen, Troms.

December 10 - 13: IT Management and how to, e-Business , MBA program, Norwegian Business School/Fudan University, Shanghai, China. December 2: Innovasjon og innovasjonsprosesser , Edda Media, Hotell Bristol, Oslo. November 25: Fleksibel IT , Elsmart Solutions customer seminar, Grimstad. November 18 - 20: Strategisk forretningsutvikling og innovasjon , (med Ragnvald Sannes), Master of essay, Management program, Norwegian Business School (at Accenture Technology Lab, Sophia Antipolis, France). November 2: Nye arbeidsformer og IT som konsumvare , Commaxx kundeseminar, Felix konferansesenter, Oslo. October 20: IT-ledelse i en grensels verden , IDG konferanse rets IT-direktr , Radisson Blu hotel, Oslo. October 20: Hvorfor gr det s tregt med ehandel? , Norstella kundeseminar, Oslo. October 14: Innovasjon trenger realfag – myte eller en realitet? , PFIT Innovasjonsseminar, Oslo Innovation Week, Hndverkeren, Oslo. October 14 - 17: Strategisk forretningsutvikling og innovasjon , (med Ragnvald Sannes), Master of how to bibliographies, Management program, Norwegian Business School, Oslo.

October 7: Suksessfaktorer i elektronisk samhandling , Joint Collaboration seminar, Oslo kongressenter. October 7: Hva FAD burde gjre: Integrasjon av verdiverksteder , Fornyings- og Administrasjondepartementet, Oslo. September 24: Disruptiv teknologi - en introduksjon , bWise frokostseminar, Felix konferansesenter, Aker brygge, Oslo. August 13: Hvordan f kontroll i klasserommet , foredrag Bjerke videregende skole, Oslo. May 6-9: Technology management and writing a good essay, entrepreneurship , (with Hermann Kopp) seminar for write MBA students from of names essay Mannheim Business School, Norwegian Business School, Oslo.

April 29: Getting a handle on write, Information Assets (with Laura Carrillo, Alan Majer and meaning essay, Nick Vitalari), nGenera project IA kickoff teleconference. April 23: Teknologi og nettverksbygging , BI Alumni konferanse (videoconference) April 16 - 18: Strategisk forretningsutvikling og innovasjon , (med Ragnvald Sannes), Master of write, Management program, Norwegian Business School, Oslo. (responsible, not present) April 13: Search technology: From simple search box to essay, advanced information interface , CIS and IPM faculty seminar, Bentley University, Waltham. Bibliographies. MA.

February 26 - March 1: IT Management and cell phone essay, e-Business , MBA program, Norwegian Business School/Fudan University, Shanghai, China. January 26: Finanskrise og disrupsjon: Trusler og muligheter . How To Write. Agresso annual kickoff, Sundvolden hotell. January 8 - 10: Strategisk forretningsutvikling og innovasjon , (med Ragnvald Sannes), Master of cell essay, Management program, Norwegian Business School, Oslo. November 28: Slipp (noen av) brukerne fri! , fagsamling, Ergo Group Regionale tjenester stlandet, Srmarka. November 18: Search-enabled disruptive innovation: The case of the bibliographies, Norwegian media-monitoring industry , NOKOBIT 2008, HiA, Kristiansand, Norway. November 13 - 16: IT Management and of the flies higher english, e-Business , MBA program, Norwegian Business School/Fudan University, Shanghai, China. November 5 - 7: Strategisk forretningsutvikling og innovasjon , (med Ragnvald Sannes), Master of Management program, Norwegian Business School (at Accenture Technology Lab, Sophia Antipolis, France). October 20: Sosialliberale perspektiver p innovasjons- og forskningspolitikk (kommentator), LibLab/PFIT mte, Oslo. October 3: Security, privacy and how to write, intellectual property in forms, the 2.0 enterprise , (with Kimberly Hatch), nGenera Reinventing end user computing teleconference (see this blog entry).

September 24 - 27: Strategisk forretningsutvikling og innovasjon , (med Ragnvald Sannes), Master of write bibliographies, Management program, Norwegian Business School, Oslo. August 29: Search as a disruptive technology , MBA reunion, Norwegian Business School BI, Oslo. June 20: Disruptive technologies: Open Source and a good critical, Mobile , Open Nordic Mobile Conference, Ibsenhuset, Skien. June 6: Search as a disruptive technology , FAST European Sales Conference, Oslo. May 28: Markedsfring via sk, buzz og blogg , Seminar for how to write BIs Markedsavdeling, Holmen Fjordhotell, Asker. April 24: Frykten for lord of the higher de beste , NHO Hordaland rskonferanse, SAS Bryggen, Bergen. April 22: Typisk norsk - Norge og globaliseringen , Ekeberg Rotary, Hotel Bristol, Oslo. April 21: Slipp brukerne fri , EDB Business Partner kundekonferanse, Bergen. April 1: Immaterielle rettigheter - en anakronisme i en digital verden? Frokostseminar, Dataforeningen, Accentures hovedkontor, Fornebu. March 11: Indian outsourcing from write a Western Norwegian point of view , Indian Institute of defend essay, Planning and how to write, Management visit, Norwegian Business School, Oslo.

March 4: En kunnskapsstrategi for lord flies english Norge (with ystein Fjeldstad), Kompetanseforums rskonferanse, BI: February 23 - 26: IT Management and how to write, e-Business , MBA program, Norwegian Business School/Fudan University, Shanghai, China. January 28: Si;D, Vis;D, Web;D: Flermediale redaksjoner og enmediale tradisjoner, innlegg/ledelse paneldebatt, Polyteknisk Forening IT. January 2: Foundations, flow and flies english, feedback: Achieving truly interactive teaching , Seminar for bibliographies NSM Dept. of of writing, Marketing, Losby Gods . November 21: Nr den gode teknologien taper , EDB Campus, Bergen. November 15: Value chain integration: Theories and how to write, examples , BIT Mbel styringsgruppe, HSH, Oslo. November 12: Nr den gode teknologien taper , EDB Business Partnerforum, Oslo Kongressenter.

November 7: Typisk norsk i en global verden , Teknologidagene, Kongsberg Nrings- og Handelskammer, Hyskolesenteret i Buskerud, Kongsberg. November 6: Innovation integration in flies essay, value chains, shops and how to bibliographies, networks , Wilh. An Essay. Wilhelmsen Management Program, BI, Oslo. October 10: Foundations, flow and feedback: Achieving truly interactive teaching , Seminar for write NSM Dept. of defend, Marketing, Oslo. October 8: Komme ut: Forskeres vei ut i spaltene . Write Bibliographies. Forskning.no-seminar Fra forskning til forside, Sjfartsmuseet, Oslo.

October 3: Det feilorganiserte og underkoordinerte sykehuset - en krise og et ledelsesansvar! , Lederforum, Ullevl Universitetssykehus, Oslo. September 26 - 29: Forretningsutvikling: strategi, teknologi og teknologiutvikling , E-Enterprise Management Program, Norwegian Business School. September 20: Strategi, verdiskapning og prissetting i regnskapsbyrer , NARF Seminar, Oslo. September 13 - 16: IT Management and of the essay, e-Business , MBA program, Norwegian Business School/Fudan University, Shanghai, China. September 7 - 10: IT Management and write, e-Business , Olympic Committee MBA program, Norwegian Business School/Fudan University, Beijing, China. August 24: Deltager paneldebatt: Ledelse og fremtiden , Solstrand, Bergen. June 26 - July 1: Disruptive Cruise 2007 . Writing Critical. 5-day cruise seminar on how to, Hurtigruten with Clayton Christensen and are dangerous essay, ystein Fjeldstad. How To. Email for essay details.

June 19: Kunnskapsarbeideren p hyden (with Kirsti Kierulf), Abelias sommerkonferanse, Telenor Expo, Oslo. June 14: Tallenes tale - din verdi og hva kunden setter pris p , NARF rsmte, Hell, Norge. June 13: Foundations, flow and bibliographies, feedback: Achieving truly interactive teaching , Seminar for NSM Dept. of cell are dangerous essay, Strategy and how to write bibliographies, Logistics, Losby, Norway. June 6: IT-Governance i praksis , ERP-systemer 2007, Radisson SAS, Oslo. May 30: IT-ledelse: Dynamisk endringsagent eller kostnadskrevende festbrems? , CIO Norge Annual Conference, SAS Radisson, Oslo. May 9: Expectations, flow and an essay, feedback: Doing engaging case discussion and how to, case teaching , BI-Fudan faculty seminar, Asker, Norway. May 7: Introduction and of the english essay, hosting of write bibliographies, Linuxdagen 2007, DogA-senteret, Oslo. (Norwegian notes here.)

April 19 - 22: IT Management and of names, e-Business , MBA program, Norwegian Business School/Fudan University, Shanghai, China. April 13-14: Strategic Management , Master of write bibliographies, Management Program, International School of Management, Vilnius, Lithuania. March 28: Driving business innovation - chains, shops and an essay, networks , Faculty seminar, Indian School of write bibliographies, Business, Hyderabad, India. March 12 - 30: Global IT Management , MBA program (with Ramiro Montealegre), Indian School of influence, Business, Hyderabad, India. March 2: The Customer-Centric IT Organization: Past, Present and write bibliographies, Future . DNV IT Solutions, Lillehammer. February 15: Digitale trevarer - om IKT, fremtiden og trevarebransjen , Trevaredagene 2007, Clarion Hotell Royal Christiania, Oslo. February 14: When the best technology loses , Wilh.

Wilhelmsen Management Program, BI, Oslo. January 23: Et informasjonssamfunn for defend a position topics alle , paneldebatt, Polyteknisk Forening. January 18: Business Analytics (with Tom Davenport ), The Concours Group CIO Staff Meeting, Management Perspective (teleconference) November 29: Leading discussions with Dan Pink: From the how to write, Informational Age to the Conceptual Age and influence, Peter Senge: Transformational Change and how to write, Innovation , Innovasjon 06, Kompetanseforum, Oslo Konserthus. November 22 - 24: Strategic IT Management , Executive MBA program, Norwegian Business School/EFMD, Torino, Italy. November 11 - 14: Strategic IT Management , Ericsson Management program, Norwegian Business School/Fudan University, Beijing, China. November 9: Running real stuff on and styles of writing, open source: Is the technology ready for write bibliographies IT, and essay influence, is IT ready for how to bibliographies the technology? (with Kimberly Hatch ), The Concours Group CIO Staff Meeting Technology Perspective (teleconference) November 8: Office of the children, Future CIO - New Roles for how to bibliographies New Business Value (with Michael Earl), The Concours Group CIO Forum, Arabella Sheraton Hotel, Dsseldorf. November 2: Sk og du skal finne, tal og du skal bli hrt: Om snakke med sine kunder over Internett . And Styles. Foredrag Industriens Motemesse DVH'06, Exporama, Hellerudsletta. November 1: Nr den gode teknologien taper: Disruptive innovasjoner og hvordan man kjenner dem igjen . How To Write Bibliographies. Foredrag Industriens Motemesse DVH'06, Exporama, Hellerudsletta.

October 27: Teknologi driver globalisering , Faglunsj for a good critical Inter-studentene, SV-fakultetet, Eilert Sunds hus, Universitetet i Oslo. October 26: Hva skjer framover innen IKT - databaser og informasjonshndtering . How To Bibliographies. Foredrag NOBB-konferansen 2006, Gamle Logen, Oslo. October 10: Kunnskapens fremtid - om hvordan lring pvirkes av teknologi , Rdgiverdagen 2006, Handelshyskolen BI. September 29 - 30: Strategic Management , Master of television influence children, Management Program, International School of bibliographies, Management, Vilnius, Lithuania. September 21: Upassende sprsml og halvpassende refleksjoner, SmartWORK, Holmenkollen Park, Oslo. June 12: The Future of Content: Managing Information in the Age of cell phone essay, Google , The Concours Group IT Leadership Development Program (teleconference) June 1: Linux as disruptive - or disrupted - technology?

Keynote Linuxdagen 2006. June 1: Bruk av IKT i undervisning - noen refleksjoner , Inspirasjonsdag for how to BI-forelesere, Handelshyskolen BI. May 22: Search as a disruptive technology , (with Silvija Seres, FAST Search and lord of the higher essay, Transfer), Seminar, Department of write, Strategy and a good essay, Logistics, Norwegian Business School, Oslo. May 19: Get on write, the Net so I can link to of names, you: Academic search and bibliographies, findability in the age of forms and styles an essay, Google , EBSLG Annual Conference, Norwegian Business School BI (PDF of presentation, 2.8Mb) May 18: Advanced IT Portfolio Management , (with Vaughan Merlyn and bibliographies, Erik Britt-Webb), The Concours Group CIO Staff Meeting Technology Perspective (teleconference) April 20: Nasjonale og internasjonale utfordringer i finans , FUTURA lederutviklingsprogram for kvinner i finansbransjen, Gjensidige, Oslo. April 6: The Future of of writing an essay, Content: Publishers, authors and write, newspapers in a good critical essay, the age of write bibliographies, Google , MIT Club, Telenor Fornebu. Writing Essay. (PDF of bibliographies, presentation) April 3: Strategier for phone f ungdom til velge matematikk , Seminar Kunnskapsdepartementet/Arbeids- og Nringsdepartementet, Oslo (presentation)

March 16: Searching and write, Finding: The Role of essay television children, Search in how to, an Enterprise Information Architecture , (with Bjrn Olstad, CTO FAST), The Concours Group CIO Staff Meeting Technology Perspective (teleconference) March 7: Customer Relationship Management , Orkla B2B School. February 27: Interfirm relations in cell phone essay, mediation industries: Managing sources of mutuality and write bibliographies, conflict , Presentation to lord flies essay, delegation from how to write Ministry of flies higher english, Information Industry, the write bibliographies, People's Republic of a good critical, China, visiting the Norwegian Business School, Oslo. February 17-18: Strategic Management , Master of Management Program, International School of how to, Management, Vilnius, Lithuania. February 8: Strategi i endring - teknologi, kunnskap og nettverkseffekter , Nringsdagene Drammen, BIs Studentsamfunn Buskerud. February 2: The world is meaning of names flat - implications for how to write bibliographies companies , (with Vaughan Merlyn), The Concours Group CIO Staff Meeting Management Perspective (teleconference) February 2: Teknologiens muligheter - tilsyn og vidsyn i 2009 , Mattilsynets prosjektstart, Ullevl Business Center, Oslo. January 24: Oslo Business Summit , konferansier, Det Norske Teater, Oslo. January 17: Internetts neste fase , Foredrag Ekeberg Rotary, Hotel Bristol, Oslo.

January 2: Ny teknologi og fremtidens bibliotek , Foredrag Hyskolen i Oslo. December 9: Bibliotekets rolle i fremtiden: Hva kunnskapen vil og teknologien tillater , Foredrag Universitetsbiblioteket, Universitetet i Oslo. December 8: Developing the a position topics, Workforce for a 'Flat' World , The Concours Group CLO Staff Meeting (teleconference) October 14: Bibliotekets rolle i fremtiden: Hva kunnskapen vil og teknologien tillater , Foredrag ved pningen av Handelshyskolen BIs bibliotek i Nydalen. How To. The presentation (PDF, 2.5Mb) and of writing, podcast (MP3, 14.5MB) is how to write bibliographies available (in Norwegian). October 12: Den operasjonelle IT-sjefen: Hva blir igjen nr alt gjres utenfor huset? , Synergo forum, Ergo Group, Det Norske Teater, Oslo. October 8: Nr forleggeren blir filter - den digitale litteraturens konomi , Seminar Norsk Faglitterr Forfatter- og oversetterforening, Schffergrden, Kbenhavn. September 9-10: Strategic Management , Master of defend essay topics, Management Program, International School of how to write, Management, Kaunas, Lithuania. July 14: All IP, all wireless - the essay, case of write bibliographies, Dartmouth (with S. Bradley Noblet, Dartmouth College) The Concours Group CIO Staff Meeting Technology Perspective (teleconference) June 9: Tallstyr og tallstyring. Essay Television Influence. Den Norske Dataforening, Faggruppen Datavarehus og Business Intelligence, Vika Atrium, Oslo.

March 10: RFID - trends and write, impacts (with Michael Schmalz, Accenture) The Concours Group CIO Staff Meeting Technology Perspective (teleconference) March 8: Tallstyr og tallstyring. Keynote for meaning essay Infoteam rsmte, Gardermoen. March 4: Utility infrastructure - myth or reality? (panel chair), McKinsey European IT Architecture CIO/CTO/COO Conference, Kitzbhel, Austria. February 24: Life after outsourcing , The Concours Group IT Forum meeting, Dsseldorf. February 9: DRM: Drlig markedsstrategi , Institutt for how to Informatikk, Universitetet i Oslo. December 17: The Next Technologies That Will Change Business , (with Kimberly Hatch) The Concours Group CIO Staff Meeting Technology Perspective (teleconference) October 5: Arbeidsplasser p flyttefot (chair), Polyteknisk Forening Plenumsmte, Oslo. September 21: Driving Business Integration, The Concours Group Senior Executive Summit, Gleneagles, Scotland.

September 9: Trender, teknologi og tenkemter - et strategikart for forms of writing IT-jomfruer , Bravida Early Bird Seminar, Radisson SAS Hotell Nydalen, Oslo. August 26: Intellectual Property Rights - How much protection is how to write too much? (with Wendy Seltzer, EFF, and phone are dangerous essay, Ole Tom Seierstad, Microsoft), The Concours Group CIO Staff Meeting Technology Perspective (teleconference) June 24: Collaboration: What, Why and How (with Jay Williams), The Concours Group CIO Staff Meeting Technology Perspective (teleconference) April 29: Open Source: What can we expect next (with Jay Williams, William Vass (Sun), and how to bibliographies, Eirik Chambe-Eng (Trolltech)), The Concours Group CIO Staff Meeting Technology Perspective (teleconference) March 28: Chains, shops and essay, networks: Creating value in the knowledge and bibliographies, network economies , B2C eBusiness Annual Seminar, Fisher Center for lord of the flies english essay Strategic Use of Information Technology, Haas School of write bibliographies, Business, UC Berkeley, California. March 25: Driving Business Integration , The Concours Group Re.sults project (teleconference) March 18: The role of meaning essay, IT in write bibliographies, strategic value creation (working title), The Concours Group CIO Staff Meeting (teleconference) February 26: Service-centric IT (with Andy Shimberg) , The Concours Group, Dsseldorf. February 12: Creating the lord of the flies, Personal Area Network (with Jay Williams), The Concours Group CIO Staff Meeting (teleconference) February 10: Reinventing Corporate Learning Systems , The Concours Group, London.

May 21: IT-investeringer og lnnsomhet , ETerra Neste Sving seminar, Bergen. May 15: IT-investeringer og lnnsomhet , ETerra Neste Sving seminar, Stavanger. April 3: Contemporary Challenges in how to bibliographies, Security and Privacy (with Jay Williams), Hotel Westin, Melbourne. October 29: Managing Multidivisional IT: Technology and of writing, Business Drivers , Orkla Teknologidager, Leangkollen. October 17: Best Practices in how to, Service Level Management (with Peter Boggis), The Concours Group Project SLM Re.sults Workshop, Arabella Sheraton Hotel, Dsseldorf, Germany. October 11: What CEOs and higher essay, Boards Should Ask About the write bibliographies, Business Performance of a position topics, Information Technology (with Vaughan Merlyn), The Concours Group CIO Staff Meeting (teleconference) October 10: Doing business in write, a mobile world , B2C eBusiness Annual Seminar, Fisher Center for cell phone Strategic Use of how to bibliographies, Information Technology, Haas School of lord higher english, Business, UC Berkeley, California. October 7: The Internet as a disruptive innovation , B2C eBusiness Annual Seminar, Fisher Center for how to Strategic Use of meaning, Information Technology, Haas School of Business, UC Berkeley, California. September 26: Information technology architecture for how to write bibliographies tomorrow's business , ING Bank, Amsterdam. September 24: The Internet as a Disruptive Technology: A Scenario for lord flies higher essay the Norwegian Retail Banking Market , Strategic Management Society Conference, Paris.

September 24: Sustainable Value Creation in how to bibliographies, the information economy: A Strategy Framework from of names a Multi-disiplinary Perspective (with Lars Huemer), Strategic Management Society Conference, Paris. August 20: Increasing the how to bibliographies, cake and a good critical, splitting it, too: New perspectives on how to bibliographies, telecommunications strategy , Telenor Carrier Venue, Telenor Global Services, Fornebu, Oslo. July 10: The future of the defend, CIO: Let's hear it for write technology (with Thomas Falk), The Concours Group Project CIO Re.sults Workshop, Marriott Longwharf, Boston. June 6: IT-sjefens rolle , Fylkeskommunalt IT-forum, Fleischers Hotel, Voss. May 23: Case teaching and cell essay, discussion leadership , Fagseminar BI Institutt for how to kompetanseledelse, Fornebu. April 18: Technology and organizational learning (with Mike Dulworth and essay influence, Scott Kratzer), The Concours Group Project TOL Re.sults Workshop, Hilton, Heathrow airport. April 16: Organizational processes for continuous technology adaption , Bentley College, Waltham, MA. April 8 and how to, 11: The Scandinavian mobile telecommunications market , St. Olaf College, Northfield, MN, and defend a position, Norwegian-American Chamber of how to bibliographies, Commerce, Minneapolis. March 19: Ledersamling , Telenor HQ, Fornebu (mteledelse).

March 7: IT-sjefens rolle , ETerra Neste Sving Sr seminar, Balders Hage, Larvik. February 12: Tech fra oven, Tech fra unden: Hva teknologi kan gjre i en post-dot tid, HP Norge Trendforum, Konserthuset, Oslo. February 7: IT-investeringer og lnnsomhet , ETerra Neste Sving seminar, Ullevl, Oslo. January 16: Managing Global IT , Hypovereinsbank, Mnchen, Germany. January 9: Doing Business in lord of the higher, a Mobile World , Alcatel USA (teleconference) November 16: Doing Business in how to, a Mobile World , (with Joe Jesson (GE Capital) and writing critical, Mike Meyer), The Concours Group CIO Staff Meeting (teleconference) November 14: eBusiness Innovation: Knowing It and bibliographies, Doing It, Consistently , The Concours Group Innovation Concours Annual Review, Sheraton Skyline Hotel, Heathrow. November 7: The future Norwegian bank market, keynote, Bankkonferansen 2001, Grand Hotel, Oslo. October 10: Information technology architecture for critical tomorrow's business (with Jay Williams and Peter Cochrane), The Concours Group Project ITA Re.sults Workshop, Hilton, Munich airport. October 4: Mobile Business - a roadmap and how to, some conjectures , Keynote at lord of the flies higher eScandinavia conference, Folkets Hus, Oslo.

September 28: Portaler og elektroniske markeder: Et fugleperspektiv , Maritimt IT Forum, Oslo. July 12: One-day workshop on how to, mobile business, EDS Systematics AG, Hamburg. June 22: Nettverk - bankenes fremtidige konkurransearena , Nettverksbank-seminar, Exense, Acqua, Oslo. June 7: Value Creation and phone are dangerous essay, International Competitiveness: The Norwegian Tele/IT Industry , Nordic ICT workshop, Norwegian School of write, Economics and phone are dangerous, Administration, Bergen. May 10: eProcesses: Some Radical Perspectives (with Jim Champy), The Concours Group Project EP Re.sults Workshop, The Hyatt Regency, Charles de Gaulle, Paris, France. May 9: Doing business in how to bibliographies, a mobile world , The Concours Group eConcours Perspective Conference, Grand Hotel, Stockholm, Sweden. May 3: Internett og bilbransjen: Profitt eller mareritt? , Elcon Finans Lederkonferanse, Hotel Le Meridien, Nice, France. March 29: Leading IT in Internet time , The Concours Group CIO Conference, Concours offices, Paris.

March: One-day workshops on a position essay topics, mobile business: Reuters (London), Dow Chemical (Zug, Switzerland), Lufthansa (Frankfurt), SIZ (Bonn). January 30: Doing business in a mobile world , The Concours Group CIO Masterclass, Heathrow, England. January 16: Does an eBusiness Need ePeople? ING Corporate IT conference, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. December 15: Doing business in how to write, a mobile world , The Concours Group research conference, Sydney, Australia.

December 13: Banking in essay, an electronic world , ANZ Bank Executive seminar, Melbourne, Australia. December 12: Doing business in how to write bibliographies, a mobile world , The Concours Group research conference, Melbourne, Australia. December 11: Value Creation in writing a good essay, a Digital World , National Australia Bank workshop, Melbourne, Australia. December 5: Doing business in how to, a mobile world , The Concours Group Re.sults workshop, Dallas, Texas. November 30: Doing business in defend a position, a mobile world , The Concours Group Re.sults workshop, Stockholm, Sweden. November 11: Doing IT in how to write bibliographies, education: A view from the defend essay topics, field , Keynote Address, NICE Conference, Norwegian Business School, Oslo, Norway.

November 8: Bank + Tele = sant: Kundedrevet innovasjon eller parringslek for how to bibliographies dinosaurer? Bankkonferansen 2000, Holmenkollen Park Hotel, Oslo. October 17: Leading IT in lord of the flies higher english essay, Internet time , Electricit de France, Paris. August 17: Internett og bilbransjen: Profitt eller mareritt? , Dagbladets bilseminar, Hotel Continental, Oslo. June 15 : Using Video Conferencing for Transatlantic Electronic Business Education: Experiences and write, Opinions , World Bank seminar on ICT use, Norwegian Business School, Norway. May 11: eCRM: Electronic Customer Relationship Management (with Ed Roche), The Concours Group Re.sults Workshop, Concours offices, London.

May 6: Forming and performing a Digital Business Strategy , Guest lecture Geelmuyden-Kiese MM program, Norwegian Business School, Oslo. May 4: Forming and lord english, performing a Digital Business Strategy , Guest lecture Civilekonom class, Stockholm School of bibliographies, Economics, Stockholm. May 2: Business for meaning essay business and how to, IT for IT: The IS-business interface in essay, a digital world , Telenor forretnings- og IT-konferanse, Losby gods. April 25: E-commerce in how to, Europe -- Status and topics, directions , Guest lecture MBA class led by how to bibliographies, prof. A Good Essay. Ramiro Montealegre, University of how to, Colorado Boulder (video conference).

April 13: Silicon Ghosts -- arven etter SIMULA (with ystein Fjeldstad and defend a position topics, Knut Haans), Polyteknisk Forening IT, Oslo. April 11: Using Information and how to bibliographies, Communications Technology in a Business School , Presentation for cell are dangerous essay HM Queen Rania of Jordan and HM Queen Sonja of how to write bibliographies, Norway, Norwegian Business School, Norway. April 7: Making IT a center of business innovation (with Tony DiRomualdo) , The Concours Group Re.sults Workshop, University Park, Cambridge, Massachusetts. April 5: Et verdiskapende Norge -- resultater fra Tele/IT (with ystein Fjeldstad and Marie Viken), Hyskolesenteret i Buskerud, Kongsberg. April 3: Implementing an of names HR scorecard , The Concours Group Re.sults Workshop, Concours offices, Paris. March 29: Making sense of the how to bibliographies, digital world or How come everyone is and styles an essay getting rich but me? , Karl Johan Fonds seminar on how to bibliographies, e-Business, Bristol hotel, Oslo. March 28: Cookies, Clusters and defend a position essay topics, Components: The IS-business interface in how to write bibliographies, a digital world , The Concours Group IT Leadership forum, Kiawah Island, South Carolina. March 20: Focusing IT professionals on essay television influence children, business results, RVS Versecherungen, Nederland. March 10: Understanding the world of bibliographies, electronic procurement or Whatever happened to a good essay, those free lunches? , Executive education program, Telenor, Jeloya, Norway. February 21: Forankring av e-Handel i forretningsstrategi, Forum for how to teknologiledelse, BI-Ekeberg, Oslo. January 24: Er norske brsnoterte selskap p nett? , Norske Finansanalytikeres Forening, Grand Hotell, Oslo.

November 22: Digital strategi: Fra strategisk fordel til operasjonell ndvendighet , Norske Sivilkonomers Forening, SAS Plaza Hotell, Oslo. October 4: Cookies, Clusters and of names essay, Components: The IS-business interface in a digital world , CSC Research Services Executive Forum, Csar Park Penha Longa, Portugal. September 27: Internett og min bedrift: Postordre i en digital verden , Norsk Postordreforening, Voksensen hotell, Oslo. July 27: Cookies, Clusters and how to, Components: The IS-business interface in meaning, a digital world , CSC Research Services Executive Forum. May 27: Internett og min bedrift: Livet i den digitale verden , Postbankens Verdipapirfond, Oslo (in Norwegian) April 27: Swarms of how to bibliographies, gadgets: Managing organizational infrastructure in meaning, an age of how to write, rampant consumerization , (with prof. And Styles Of Writing An Essay. Benn Konsynski, Gouzieta Business School, Emory University), CSC Research Services Technology Forum, St. How To. Andrews, Scotland. April 21: Innovation processes in a digital world- or, what do you mean, game theory? Studio Apertura, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway. CEOs are from cell phone essay Mars, CIOs are from Pluto: Enhancing the bibliographies, IS-Business Relationship.

CSC Research Services Strategic Innovation Working Session: March 1: Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA March 5: London, UK March 9: Den Haag, Netherlands March 26: Dublin, Ireland April 23: Frankfurt, Germany February 10: Swarms of essay, gadgets: Managing organizational infrastructure in how to bibliographies, an age of a good critical, rampant consumerization , (with prof. Write. Benn Konsynski, Gouzieta Business School, Emory University), CSC Research Services Technology Forum, Disney Institute, Orlando, Florida. December 17: Innovation processes in phone, a digital world - TNT Post Group, Den Haag, Netherlands. December 16: CEO-CIO relationships: CSC Research Services CIO Roundtable (videoconference) November 16: IT and how to bibliographies, value configurations (with prof. Lord Flies Higher English Essay. ystein Fjeldstad, Norwegian Business School), Polyteknisk Forening IT, Oslo. November 10: Explicit Management of the how to, Knowledge Asset , CSC Research Services Best Practices Forum, Royal Garden Hotel, London. October 13: Datakrisen r 2000-hvor bekymret br man vre? , Plenumsmte, Polyteknisk Forening, Oslo (organizer, keynote and defend topics, panel chair). How To. (in Norwegian) September 17: Elektronisk handel - konsekvenser for essay konsument og nringsliv , Forskningsdagene, Handelshyskolen BI, Sandvika, Norway.

September 8: Out of how to, office-the new mobile work , CSC Customer conference, Farnborough, England. September 7: Explicit Management of the critical, Knowledge Asset , ING IT conference, Antwerpen, Belgium. September 3: Chains, Shops and how to write, Networks: The Role of IS in meaning of names essay, New Models of write, Value Creation (with Professor Charles B. Stabell, Norwegian Business School), CSC Research Services Norwegian Research Seminar, Norsk Hydro, Oslo, Norway. August 31: Explicit Management of the Knowledge Asset , CSC Ploenzke Orienterungskonferenz '98, Kiedrich, Germany. August 27: Explicit Management of the television, Knowledge Asset , IT conference, Saga Petroleum, Norway. June 18: Knowledge Management - Mantra, Mantle or Method? , Keynote Address, NOKOBIT (Norwegian Conference on how to, Organizational Use of forms an essay, IT), Norwegian Business School, Norway. May 27: Det papirlse kontor , BI-Alumni conference, Norwegian Business School, Norway (in Norwegian) April 20: Den digitale forretningsverden , BI-Partners conference, Norwegian Business School, Norway (in Norwegian) April 20: Innovation Processes in how to bibliographies, a Digital World , Eurostudent conference, Norwegian Business School, Norway.

Managing the forms and styles an essay, Knowledge Asset , CSC Research Services Foundation Research Review: March 1: London, UK March 5: Kastell den Wijtenburg, Wassenaar, The Netherlands March 11: Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA March 16: Gteborg, Sweden March 17: Oslo, Norway March 19: Dublin, Ireland March 20: Belfast, Northern Ireland March 23: FIAT Training Center, Torino, Italy March 24: Frankfurt, Germany March 25: Paris, France February 10: Knowledge Management , CSC Research Services Technology Summit, Barton Creek, Austin, Texas, USA. December 12: Managing Network Infrastructure , CSC Research Services Research Review, Stockholm. November 17: Digital Strategy Processes , CSC Research Services Director's Forum, Mnchen, Germany. October 30: Den digitale forretningsverden , fellesmte Nasjonalkonomisk Gruppe og Gruppe for Informasjonsteknologi, Polyteknisk Forening, Oslo, Norway (in Norwegian) October 8: Digital Business Strategy , Strategic Management Society's 17th Annual Conference, Barcelona, Spain.

May 28: Forming and Performing the write, Digital Business Strategy , Norwegian Business School MBA Alumni Update, SAS Park Royal Hotell, Oslo, Norway. May 13: Going on cell phone are dangerous, the Internet: Strategic and bibliographies, Operational Considerations , Norsk Harvard Club, Holmenkollen Park Hotell, Oslo, Norway. Forming and and styles an essay, Performing the Digital Business Strategy , CSC Research Services Foundation Research Review: March 3: Auckland, New Zealand March 5: Melbourne, Australia March 7: Sydney, Australia March 10: Singapore March 12: Hong Kong March 14: Bangkok, Thailand April 7: Oslo, Norway April 8: Gteborg, Sweden April 9: Frankfurt, Germany April 10: Wassenaar, The Netherlands April 15: London, UK January 28: Commerce on the Internet: Categories, Cases and write, Conclusions , Keynote address, UK Post Office Connect to Electronic Commerce Conference, London, UK. January 27: putte en bedrift p Internett: Strategiske og operasjonelle endringer , Polyteknisk Forening IT, Oslo. November 8: The New Business Connectivity , Keynote address, Philips conference for a position topics IT managers, Eindhoven, The Netherlands. April 17: Objects and how to write, the Internet: The New Development Paradigm? Keynote address, Index Summit Object Action Group, Boston, MA.

Internet and a position essay, the New Business Connectivity , Index Foundation Research Review. January 29: Los Angeles, CA January 31: Dallas, TX February 2: Short Hills, NJ January 26: Internet and the New Business Connectivity , University of bibliographies, California (Executive course, video-conference), Irvine, CA. December 7: Managing the writing a good essay, Internet connection , Index Centrum conference, Boston, MA. November 15: Internet and how to write, the new business connectivity , Index Summit Conference, Cambridge, MA. November 6-7: Internet and of names essay, the new business connectivity , Index Foundation Research Conference, Cambridge, MA. August 22: Organizations' IT Competence: The limiting factor? (panel discussion), IFIP WG8.1 Conference, Trondheim, Norway.

Implementing Business Objects , Foundation Research Conference. September 17: Cambridge, MA September 9: Oslo, Norway September 8: Stockholm, Sweden June 19: Auckland, New Zealand June 21: Sidney, Australia June 23: Melbourne, Australia, June 26: Singapore June 28: Hong Kong May 12: Implementing Client-Server Strategy , Index Foundation Research Conference, Cambridge, MA. May 9: Implementing Client-Server Strategy , Index Foundation Research Conference, Houston, TX. March 15: Using the how to write, Internet to forms and styles, conduct business , Novell Corporation Internet Seminar, Needham, Massachusetts. February 2: The future of the how to bibliographies, mainframe , UK Spring Research Conference, Index Foundation, London.

72 of the Best Quotes About Writing. A good writing quote can give me goosebumps. For those days when the well is feeling dry and a tad echo-y, I keep a running list of my favorite quotes—things I’ve read, things I’ve edited, things I’ve found in the WD archives, things people have said to me in interviews. Such tiny, perfect revelations. A couple of years ago, I posted a portion of this list on my old WD blog (around the same time we ran a great quote feature on 90 tips from bestselling authors in the magazine).

Recently, someone asked if I was still collecting quotes. Here’s the latest iteration of the how to, list. (I’d love to expand it, too—please share some of your favourites in the Comments section of this blog post.) Happy Friday, and happy writing. “The road to hell is meaning of names, paved with works-in-progress.” “The road to hell is how to, paved with adverbs.” “Who wants to writing a good critical become a writer? And why? Because it’s the answer to everything. … It’s the write, streaming reason for living. To note, to pin down, to build up, to create, to be astonished at nothing, to cherish the oddities, to let nothing go down the a good critical, drain, to make something, to make a great flower out of how to write bibliographies life, even if it’s a cactus.” “To gain your own voice, you have to forget about having it heard.” —Allen Ginsberg, WD. “Cheat your landlord if you can and must, but do not try to are dangerous essay shortchange the write, Muse. It cannot be done.

You can’t fake quality any more than you can fake a good meal.” —William S. Burroughs. “All readers come to fiction as willing accomplices to television influence children your lies. Such is the basic goodwill contract made the moment we pick up a work of how to write bibliographies fiction.” —Steve Almond, WD. “Writing a book is a horrible, exhausting struggle, like a long bout of some painful illness. One would never undertake such a thing if one were not driven on by some demon whom one can neither resist nor understand.” “It ain’t whatcha write, it’s the way atcha write it.” —Jack Kerouac, WD. “Not a wasted word. Of Names? This has been a main point to my literary thinking all my life.” —Hunter S. Thompson. “When I sit down to write a book, I do not say to myself, ‘I am going to produce a work of art.’ I write it because there is some lie that I want to expose, some fact to which I want to draw attention, and my initial concern is to get a hearing.” “I don’t care if a reader hates one of how to write bibliographies my stories, just as long as he finishes the book.” “The freelance writer is a man who is paid per piece or per word or perhaps.” “We are all apprentices in a craft where no one ever becomes a master.” “Every secret of a writer’s soul, every experience of essay television children his life, every quality of how to bibliographies his mind, is written large in his works.” “Making people believe the unbelievable is no trick; it’s work . … Belief and forms and styles an essay reader absorption come in the details: An overturned tricycle in the gutter of an abandoned neighborhood can stand for everything.” “If a nation loses its storytellers, it loses its childhood.” “To defend what you’ve written is a sign that you are alive.” —William Zinsser, WD. Write? “If I had not existed, someone else would have written me, Hemingway, Dostoyevsky, all of essay influence children us.” “For your born writer, nothing is so healing as the realization that he has come upon the right word.” —Catherine Drinker Bowen. “Each writer is born with a repertory company in how to write his head. Shakespeare has perhaps 20 players. Essay Influence Children? … I have 10 or so, and that’s a lot. As you get older, you become more skillful at write bibliographies casting them.” “We’re past the age of heroes and hero kings. … Most of cell our lives are basically mundane and how to bibliographies dull, and it’s up to the writer to find ways to make them interesting.” “The greatest part of a writer’s time is spent in essay television reading, in order to bibliographies write; a man will turn over half a library to make one book.” “If it sounds like writing, I rewrite it. Or, if proper usage gets in the way, it may have to cell are dangerous go.

I can’t allow what we learned in English composition to disrupt the sound and rhythm of the narrative.” “Write. Rewrite. When not writing or rewriting, read. I know of how to write bibliographies no shortcuts.” —Larry L. King, WD. “Know your literary tradition, savor it, steal from it, but when you sit down to write, forget about worshiping greatness and fetishizing masterpieces.” “I’m out there to clean the plate. Once they’ve read what I’ve written on a subject, I want them to think, ‘That’s it!’ I think the highest aspiration people in our trade can have is that once they’ve written a story, nobody will ever try it again.” —Richard Ben Cramer. Essay? “There are no laws for the novel. How To? There never have been, nor can there ever be.” “Style means the right word. The rest matters little.” “Style is to forget all styles.” “I do not over-intellectualise the production process. I try to keep it simple: Tell the damned story.” “The writing of and styles of writing a novel is taking life as it already exists, not to report it but to how to write make an object, toward the end that the finished work might contain this life inside it and offer it to the reader.

The essence will not be, of course, the same thing as the raw material; it is not even of the same family of things. The novel is something that never was before and of names essay will not be again.” —Eudora Welty, WD. “One thing that helps is to give myself permission to write badly. I tell myself that I’m going to do my five or 10 pages no matter what, and that I can always tear them up the following morning if I want. I’ll have lost nothing—writing and tearing up five pages would leave me no further behind than if I took the write bibliographies, day off.” —Lawrence Block, WD. “Don’t expect the of names essay, puppets of your mind to become the people of your story. If they are not realities in how to bibliographies your own mind, there is no mysterious alchemy in of writing an essay ink and paper that will turn wooden figures into flesh and blood.” —Leslie Gordon Barnard, WD. “If you tell the reader that Bull Beezley is write bibliographies, a brutal-faced, loose-lipped bully, with snake’s blood in his veins, the reader’s reaction may be, ‘Oh, yeah!’ But if you show the reader Bull Beezley raking the bloodied flanks of his weary, sweat-encrusted pony, and flogging the tottering, red-eyed animal with a quirt, or have him booting in an essay the protruding ribs of a starved mongrel and, boy, the reader believes!” “Plot is people. Human emotions and desires founded on how to write bibliographies, the realities of life, working at essay cross purposes, getting hotter and fiercer as they strike against each other until finally there’s an write, explosion—that’s Plot.” —Leigh Brackett, WD. “The first sentence can’t be written until the final sentence is lord flies english, written.” —Joyce Carol Oates, WD. Bibliographies? “When your story is ready for rewrite, cut it to the bone. Get rid of every ounce of excess fat.

This is going to a good essay hurt; revising a story down to the bare essentials is always a little like murdering children, but it must be done.” —Stephen King, WD. “Genius gives birth, talent delivers. What Rembrandt or Van Gogh saw in bibliographies the night can never be seen again. Born writers of the future are amazed already at what they’re seeing now, what we’ll all see in time for the first time, and then see imitated many times by made writers.” –Jack Kerouac, WD. Topics? “Long patience and write bibliographies application saturated with your heart’s blood—you will either write or you will not—and the only way to forms an essay find out how to bibliographies whether you will or not is to meaning of names essay try.” “All stories have to at least try to explain some small portion of the write, meaning of critical essay life. You can do that in how to 20 minutes, and 15 inches. I still remember a piece that the great Barry Bearak did in cell phone are dangerous essay The Miami Herald some 30 years ago. It was a nothing story, really: Some high school kid was leading a campaign to ban books he found offensive from the school library. Bearak didn’t even have an interview with the kid, who was ducking him. The story was short, mostly about the issue.

But Bearak had a fact that he withheld until the kicker. The fact put the whole story, subtly, in complete perspective. The kicker noted the true, wonderful fact that the kid was not in write school that day because “his ulcer was acting up.” Meaning of life, 15 inches.” —Gene Weingarten, WD. “Beware of advice—even this.” —Carl Sandburg, WD. “I would advise anyone who aspires to critical a writing career that before developing his talent he would be wise to bibliographies develop a thick hide.” “I think the deeper you go into questions, the deeper or more interesting the a good, questions get. And I think that’s the job of art.” “Geniuses can be scintillating and geniuses can be somber, but it’s that inescapable sorrowful depth that shines through— originality .” —Jack Kerouac, WD. “People say, ‘What advice do you have for how to, people who want to be writers?’ I say, they don’t really need advice, they know they want to an essay be writers, and they’re gonna do it. How To Write Bibliographies? Those people who know that they really want to do this and are cut out for it, they know it.” “I don’t need an alarm clock. My ideas wake me.” —Ray Bradbury, WD. “Just write every day of your life. Read intensely. Lord English Essay? Then see what happens. Most of write bibliographies my friends who are put on that diet have very pleasant careers.” —Ray Bradbury, WD. “Let the world burn through you. Throw the prism light, white hot, on paper.” —Ray Bradbury, WD. “Remember: Plot is no more than footprints left in the snow after your characters have run by on forms of writing an essay, their way to incredible destinations.” —Ray Bradbury, WD. “I don’t believe in being serious about anything. I think life is too serious to be taken seriously.” —Ray Bradbury, WD. “It’s none of their business that you have to write learn to write.

Let them think you were born that way.” “Writers are always selling somebody out.” “Writing is not necessarily something to be ashamed of, but do it in private and wash your hands afterwards.” —Robert A. Heinlein. “Keep a small can of WD-40 on of names essay, your desk—away from how to write bibliographies, any open flames—to remind yourself that if you don’t write daily, you will get rusty.” “There is defend essay topics, only one plot—things are not what they seem.” “Anyone who is going to be a writer knows enough at 15 to write write several novels.” #8220;I think all writing is a disease. You can’t stop it.” —William Carlos Williams. “The most beautiful things are those that madness prompts and reason writes.#8221; “Literature is strewn with the wreckage of men who have minded beyond reason the opinions of others.” “If it sounds like writing, I rewrite it.” “You do not have to explain every single drop of meaning essay water contained in a rain barrel. You have to explain one drop—H 2 O. The reader will get it.” “When I say work I only mean writing.

Everything else is just odd jobs.” “The difference between the almost right word and the right word is … the difference between the lightning bug and the lightning.” “I always start writing with a clean piece of paper and bibliographies a dirty mind.” “Do not hoard what seems good for a later place in flies english essay the book, or for how to, another book; give it, give it all, give it now.” “A book is simply the container of an idea—like a bottle; what is inside the book is what matters.” “I almost always urge people to lord of the essay write in the first person. … Writing is an act of ego and you might as well admit it.” “When writing a novel a writer should create living people; people, not characters. How To Write? A character is meaning essay, a caricature.” “Write while the heat is in you. … The writer who postpones the recording of his thoughts uses an iron which has cooled to burn a hole with.” —Henry David Thoreau. “You don’t actually have to write anything until you’ve thought it out. This is an enormous relief, and you can sit there searching for the point at which the story becomes a toboggan and starts to how to write slide.” —Marie de Nervaud, WD. “Whether a character in your novel is defend essay topics, full of choler, bile, phlegm, blood or plain old buffalo chips, the fire of life is in how to write there, too, as long as that character lives.” —James Alexander Thom. “Writers live twice.” Zachary Petit is an award-winning journalist, the senior managing editor of Writer’s Digest magazine, and the co-author of A Year of Writing Prompts: 366 Story Ideas for Honing Your Craft and writing a good essay Eliminating Writer’s Block. How To Bibliographies? 24 thoughts on “ 72 of the Best Quotes About Writing ” My favorite here is: “In order to succeed, your desire for a good critical essay, success should be greater than your fear of failure.” Wow.

Great collection. Thanks for how to bibliographies, the inspiration. I am glad you take pride in meaning of names essay what you write. Write? This makes you stand way out from many other writers that push poorly written content. here. #8220;The secret of television influence children getting ahead is getting started.#8221; Writers fish for the right words like fishermen fish for, um, whatever those aquatic creatures with fins and write bibliographies gills are called. One of my favorite quotes come from the great sports writer Red Barber: #8220;Writing is easy. Just sit down and open a vein.#8221; Love the quotes, especially, #8220;Read every day, something no one else is reading etc. . Forms Of Writing? . .#8221; by write Christopher Morley.

Thanks george etc. Television Influence Children? I collect quotes as often as I read them most are fascinating! #8220;Read, every day, something no one else is reading. Think, every day, something no one else is thinking. Do, every day, something no one else would be silly enough to do. It is bad for the mind to continually be part of unanimity.#8221; -Christopher Morley, writer (1890-1957) Thanks for the excellent quotes, everyone. I#8217;m adding them to my list. Shayla, being able to poke around in there is the equivalent to me of how to bibliographies a holiday bonus. Though of course I#8217;d still take one #128578; More about the creativity that powers writing/storytelling, for of the english essay, me . . Write? . Meaning Of Names? #8220;The true sign of intelligence is not knowledge but imagination.#8221; “The creative adult is the child who has survived.”Ursula K. Leguin.

Zach, you are able to persuse the archivesand get paid for bibliographies, it! I#8217;m so envious#8230;[half-smile]. As my editor father used to say, #8220;Never let the facts stand in the way of a good story.#8221; J. W. And Styles Of Writing? Kizzia. “Writing is easy. You only need to stare at how to write bibliographies a blank piece of paper until drops of blood form on your forehead.” Imagination is more important than knowledge. #8220;Begin at the beginning,#8221; the meaning of names, King said gravely, #8220;and go on till you come to the end: then stop.#8221; I too love quotes. My favorite of these is Jack Kerouac#8217;s “It ain’t whatcha write, it’s the way atcha write it.”. Another favorite Jack said, that I have tacked above my desk, is: #8220;If you don#8217;t say what you want, what#8217;s the sense in writing?#8221;. Bibliographies? This always reminds me not to hold back when my fingers hit the keyboard. Thanks for meaning of names essay, a great article Zach! #8220;a lady novelist#8230;remarked to me once that writing novels was a cannibal’s art, in which one often mixed small portions of one’s friends and one’s enemies together, seasoned them with imagination, and allowed the whole to stew together into a savory concoction.#8221; Diana Gabaldon (her character Jamie speaking in Voyager).

#8220;You know, what may appear from a distance as success is really, closer up, a series of failures punctuated by occasional achievements#8230;. You#8217;ve got to be stubborn about it, keeping faith with your work in spite of how to bibliographies all the defend topics, distractions and the people around you who don#8217;t understand the value of bibliographies what you do#8230;. So no excuses. Just write.#8221; #8212; Wesley McNair, Poet Laureate of Maine. #8220;Brick walls are there for a reason. They let us prove how badly we want things.#8221; #8212; Dr.

Randy Pausch, Carnegie Mellon U. #8220;Write, not that you may call yourself a writer; but rather, write, that you may not, in earnest, call yourself anything else.#8221; Not specifically about meaning, writing, but quite inspiring. #8220;If you haven#8217;t made a mistake I cast a jaundiced eye, because you#8217;re probably not doing anything.#8221; John Peterman. Fill your paper with the breathings of your heart. As I sit daydreaming in front of my computer, I see this quote strategically placed on the corner of the how to, monitor: #8220;Shut up and get on meaning, with it.#8221; Helen Simpson. Works every time. Love quotations. A couple of write bibliographies my writer favorites: William Faulkner: “A writer needs three things, experience, observation, and imagination, any two of which, at times any one of which, can supply the lack of the others.” Richard Bach: “A professional writer is an amateur who didn’t quit.” #8220;There is nothing to writing.

All you do is just sit at a typewriter and bleed.#8221; “Write. Rewrite. Essay Television Influence Children? When not writing or rewriting, read. I know of no shortcuts.”

Exit Strategy: In 1963, JFK ordered a complete withdrawal from write, Vietnam. In 1963, JFK ordered a complete withdrawal from Vietnam. 41 Min read time. In 1963, JFK ordered a complete withdrawal from Vietnam. President and Mrs. Kennedy arrive at flies higher english essay, Love Field, Dallas, Texas on November 22, 1963. Photograph by Cecil Stoughton, White House, in the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum, Boston. Forty years have passed since November 22, 1963, yet painful mysteries remain. What, at how to write, the moment of his death, was John F. Kennedy’s policy toward Vietnam?

It’s one of the big questions, alternately evaded and disputed over four decades of a position essay, historical writing. It bears on Kennedy’s reputation, of course, though not in an unambiguous way. And today, larger issues are at stake as the United States faces another indefinite military commitment that might have been avoided and that, perhaps, also cannot be won. The story of Vietnam in 1963 illustrates for write, us the struggle with policy failure. More deeply, appreciating those distant events tests our capacity as a country to look the writing critical, reality of our own history in the eye. One may usefully introduce the issue by recalling the furor over write bibliographies, Robert McNamara’s 1995 memoir In Retrospect. Reaction then focused mainly on influence McNamara’s assumption of how to bibliographies, personal responsibility for the war, notably his declaration that his own actions as the Secretary of Defense responsible for it were “terribly, terribly wrong.” Reviewers paid little attention to the book’s contribution to essay television, history.

In an how to write, editorial on April 12, 1995, the New York Times delivered a harsh judgment: “Perhaps the only value of “In Retrospect” is to remind us never to forget that these were men who in the full hubristic glow of their power would not listen to logical warning or ethical appeal.” And in the New York Times Book Review four days later, Max Frankel wrote that. David Halberstam, who applied that ironic phrase [The Best and the Brightest] to his rendering of the tale 23 years ago, told it better in many ways than Mr. McNamara does now. So too, did the essay influence, Pentagon Papers, that huge trove of documents assembled at Mr. McNamara’s behest when he first recognized a debt to write, history. In view of these criticisms, readers who actually pick up McNamara’s book may experience a shock when they scan the table of contents and sees this summary of Chapter 3, titled “The Fateful Fall of 1963: August 24November 22, 1963”: A pivotal period of U.S. involvement in Vietnam, punctuated by three important events: the writing critical essay, overthrow and assassination of South Vietnam’s president Ngo Dinh Diem; President Kennedy’s decision on October 2 to begin the withdrawal of U.S. How To. forces ; and his assassination fifty days later. (Emphasis added.) Kennedy’s decision on October 2, 1963, to of names essay, begin the withdrawal of how to write bibliographies, U.S. forces from South Vietnam? Contrary to Frankel, this is not something you will find in Halberstam. You will not find it in Leslie Gelb’s editorial summary in the Gravel edition of The Pentagon Papers, even though several documents that are important to establishing the case for a Kennedy decision to withdraw were published in that edition. Nor, with just three exceptions prior to last spring’s publication of defend a position, Howard Jones’s Death of a Generationa milestone in the search for how to write bibliographies, difficult, ferociously hidden truthwill you find it elsewhere in 30 years of historical writing on Vietnam.

Did John F. Kennedy give the order to withdraw from Vietnam? Certainly, most Vietnam historians have said “no”or would have if they considered the question worth posing. They have asserted continuity between Kennedy’s policy and Lyndon Johnson’s, while usually claiming that neither president liked the war and essay television, also that Kennedy especially had expressed to friends his desire to get out sometime after the 1964 election. The view that Kennedy would have done what Johnson didstay in Vietnam and gradually escalate the war in 1964 and 1965is held by left, center, and right, from Noam Chomsky to Kai Bird to William Gibbons. It was promoted forcefully over the years by the late Walt Rostow, beginning in 1967 with a thick compilation for Johnson himself of Kennedy’s public statements on Vietnam policy and continuing into the 1990s.

Gibbons’s three-volume study states it this way: “On November 26 [1963], Johnson approved NSAM [National Security Action Memorandum] 273, reaffirming the U.S. commitment to Vietnam and the continuation of Vietnam programs and policies of the Kennedy administration.” Equally, Stanley Karnow writes in his Vietnam: A History (1983) that Johnson’s pledge “essentially signaled a continuation of Kennedy’s policy.” Patrick Lloyd Hatcher, while writing extensively on the Saigon coup, makes no mention at how to, all of the Washington discussions following Johnson’s accession three weeks later. Gary Hess offers summary judgment on the policy that Johnson inherited: “To Kennedy and his fellow New Frontiersmen, it was a doctrine of faith that the problems of cell phone essay, Vietnam lent themselves to an American solution.” Kai Bird’s 1998 biography of McGeorge and William Bundy briefly reviews the discussions of withdrawal reported to have occurred in late 1963 but accepts the general verdict that Kennedy did not intend to quit. So does Fredrik Logevall, whose substantial 1999 book steadfastly insists that the choices Kennedy faced were either escalation or negotiation and did not include withdrawal without negotiation. All this (and more) is in spite of evidence to the contrary, advanced over the years by a tiny handful of authors. In 1972 Peter Dale Scott first made the case that Johnson’s NSAM 273the document that Gibbons relied on bibliographies in making the of names, case for continuitywas in fact a departure from Kennedy’s policy; his essay appeared in Gravel’s edition of write bibliographies, The Pentagon Papers. Arthur M. Schlesinger’s Robert Kennedy and His Times tells in cell are dangerous a few tantalizing pages of the “first application” in October 1963 “of Kennedy’s phased withdrawal plan.” A more thorough treatment appeared in 1992, with the publication of John M. Newman’s JFK and Vietnam.1 Until his retirement in 1994 Newman was a major in the U.S. Army, an intelligence officer last stationed at how to, Fort Meade, headquarters of the National Security Agency. Influence Children. As an historian, his specialty is deciphering declassified recordsa talent he later applied to the CIA’s long-hidden archives on Lee Harvey Oswald.

Newman’s argument was not a case of “counterfactual historical reasoning,” as Larry Berman described it in an early response.2 It was not about how to bibliographies what might have happened had Kennedy lived. Newman’s argument was stronger: Kennedy, he claims, had decided to begin a phased withdrawal from Vietnam, that he had ordered this withdrawal to begin. Here is the chronology, according to Newman: (1) On October 2, 1963, Kennedy received the defend a position, report of a mission to Saigon by McNamara and Maxwell Taylor, chairman of the bibliographies, Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS). Lord Higher English Essay. The main recommendations, which appear in Section I(B) of the McNamara-Taylor report, were that a phased withdrawal be completed by the end of 1965 and how to bibliographies, that the “Defense Department should announce in of names the very near future presently prepared plans to write, withdraw 1,000 out of 17,000 U.S. Of Names Essay. military personnel stationed in Vietnam by the end of 1963.” At Kennedy’s instruction, Press Secretary Pierre Salinger made a public announcement that evening of McNamara’s recommended timetable for withdrawal. (2) On October 5, Kennedy made his formal decision.

Newman quotes the how to write bibliographies, minutes of the a position essay, meeting that day: The President also said that our decision to write, remove 1,000 U.S. advisors by meaning, December of this year should not be raised formally with Diem. Instead the action should be carried out routinely as part of our general posture of withdrawing people when they are no longer needed. (Emphasis added.) The passage illustrates two points: (a) that a decision was in fact made on that day, and (b) that despite the how to write, earlier announcement of McNamara’s recommendation, the October 5 decision was not a ruse or pressure tactic to win reforms from Diem (as Richard Reeves, among others, has contended3) but a decision to essay, begin withdrawal irrespective of Diem or his reactions. (3) On October 11, the White House issued NSAM 263, which states: The President approved the military recommendations contained in section I B (1-3) of the report, but directed that no formal announcement be made of the bibliographies, implementation of plans to withdraw 1,000 U.S. military personnel by the end of 1963.

In other words, the withdrawal recommended by forms and styles, McNamara on October 2 was embraced in secret by Kennedy on October 5 and implemented by write bibliographies, his order on October 11, also in secret. Newman argues that the secrecy after October 2 can be explained by a diplomatic reason. Kennedy did not want Diem or anyone else to interpret the withdrawal as part of any pressure tactic (other steps that were pressure tactics had also been approved). There was also a political reason: JFK had not decided whether he could get away with claiming that the withdrawal was a result of progress toward the goal of a self-sufficient South Vietnam. The alternative would have been to withdraw the troops while acknowledging failure. And this, Newman argues, Kennedy was prepared to do if it became necessary. He saw no reason, however, to take this step before it became necessary. If the troops could be pulled while the South Vietnamese were still standing, so much the better.4 But from cell, October 11 onward the how to write bibliographies, CIA’s reporting changed drastically. Of The Flies Higher English. Official optimism was replaced by a searching and write, comparatively realistic pessimism. Newman believes this pessimism, which involved rewriting assessments as far back as the previous July, was a response to NSAM 263. It represented an effort by the CIA to undermine the ostensible rationale of withdrawal with success, and therefore to obstruct implementation of the plan for withdrawal.

Kennedy, needless to say, did not share his full reasoning with the CIA. (4) On November 1 there came the coup in Saigon and flies higher, the assassination of Diem and Nhu. How To Write Bibliographies. At a press conference on November 12, Kennedy publicly restated his Vietnam goals. They were “to intensify the struggle” and “to bring Americans out of there.” Victory, which had figured prominently in a similar statement on September 12, was no longer on the list. (5) The Honolulu Conference of senior cabinet and military officials on November 2021 was called to review plans in influence children the wake of the how to bibliographies, Saigon coup. The military and cell phone, the CIA, however, planned to use that meeting to write, pull the rug from under the false optimism which some had used to rationalize NSAM 263. However, Kennedy did not himself believe that we were withdrawing with victory. It follows that the changing image of the cell phone are dangerous, military situation would not have changed JFK’s decision. (6) In Honolulu, McGeorge Bundy prepared a draft of what would eventually be NSAM 273.

The plan was to present it to Kennedy after the meeting ended. Dated November 21, this draft reflected the how to, change in military reporting. It speaks, for forms and styles of writing an essay, example, of a need to “turn the how to write bibliographies, tide not only of battle but of meaning essay, belief.” Plans to intensify the struggle, however, do not go beyond what Kennedy would have approved: A paragraph calling for actions against the North underscores the role of Vietnamese forces: 7. With respect to how to bibliographies, action against influence children, North Vietnam, there should be a detailed plan for the development of additional Government of Vietnam resources , especially for sea-going activity, and such planning should indicate the time and investment necessary to achieve a wholly new level of how to write bibliographies, effectiveness in this field of action. (Emphasis added.) (7) At Honolulu, a preliminary plan, known as CINCPAC OPLAN 34-63 and later implemented as OPLAN 34A, was prepared for presentation. Essay Television. This plan called for intensified sabotage raids against the North, employing Vietnamese commandos under U.S. controla significant escalation.5 While JCS chief Taylor had approved preparation of this plan, it had not been shown to McNamara. Tab E of the meeting’s briefing book, also approved by Taylor and also not sent in advance to McNamara, showed that the withdrawal ordered by how to, Kennedy in October was already being gutted, by the device of lord higher essay, substituting for the withdrawal of full units that of individual soldiers who were being rotated out of Vietnam in any event.

(8) The final version of NSAM 273, signed by Johnson on November 26, differs from the how to write bibliographies, draft in phone are dangerous essay several respects. Most are minor changes of wording. The main change is that the draft paragraph 7 has been struck in its entirety (there are two pencil slashes on how to bibliographies the November 21 draft), and meaning essay, replaced with the following: Planning should include different levels of how to, possible increased activity, and in writing a good each instance there be estimates such factors as: A. Resulting damage to North Vietnam; B. The plausibility denial; C. Vietnamese retaliation; D. Other international reaction. Plans submitted promptly for approval by authority. The new language is incomplete. It does not begin by declaring outright that the subject is attacks on the North.

But the thrust is unmistakable, and the restrictive reference to “Government of Vietnam resources” is now missing. Write Bibliographies. Newman concludes that this change effectively provided new authority for U.S.directed combat actions against North Vietnam. Writing Critical Essay. Planning for these actions began therewith, and we now know that an how to bibliographies, OPLAN 34A raid in topics August 1964 provoked the North Vietnamese retaliation against the destroyer Maddox, which became the first Gulf of Tonkin incident. And this in turn led to the confused incident a few nights later aboard the Turner Joy, to reports that it too had been attacked, and to Johnson’s overnight decision to seek congressional support for how to write bibliographies, “retaliation” against North Vietnam. From this, of course, the larger war then flowed. A reply to of the english essay, Newman’s book appeared very quickly. It came from Noam Chomsky, hardly an apologist for Lyndon Johnson or the war. Chomsky despises the Kennedy apologists: equally the old insiders and write bibliographies, the antiwar nostalgicsArthur Schlesinger and Oliver Stoneand the historical memory of “the fallen leader who had escalated the lord of the flies english essay, attack against Vietnam from terror to aggression.” He reviles efforts to portray Kennedy’s foreign policy views as different from Johnson’s. Write Bibliographies. On this point he may well be fundamentally correct, though for reasons quite different from defend a position topics, those that he offers. Chomsky’s Rethinking Camelot challenges Newman’s main points. First, did Kennedy plan to withdraw without victory?

Or, were the plans of NSAM 263 contingent on a continued perception of success in battle? Second, did the change in NSAM 273 between the draft (which was prepared for Kennedy but never seen by him) and the final version (signed by Johnson) represent a change in how to write policy? Chomsky is categorical on both issues: “Two weeks before Kennedy’s assassination, there is not a phrase in the voluminous internal record that even hints at withdrawal without victory.” Elsewhere he notes that “[t]he withdrawal-without-victory thesis rests on the assumption that Kennedy realized that the optimistic military reports were incorrect. . . . Not a trace of supporting evidence appears in the internal record, or is suggested [by Newman].” And, as for of names, the changes to NSAM 273: “There is no relevant difference between the two documents [draft and final], except that the LBJ version is weaker and more evasive.” Chomsky denies Newman’s claim that the bibliographies, new version of paragraph 7 in the final draft of essay television children, NSAM 273 signed by Johnson on November 26 opened the way for OPLAN 34A and the use of U.S.directed forces in covert operations against North Vietnam. Rather, he reads the Johnson version as applying only to how to, Government of Vietnam forces, even though the language restricting action to those forces is no longer there.

Peter Dale Scott, the former diplomat, professor of English at the University of California, Berkeley, and author of part of the Pentagon Papers, replied to Chomsky on both points almost immediately. On the first point, withdrawal without victory, Scott writes: Following [Leslie] Gelb, Chomsky alleges that Kennedy’s withdrawal planning was in response to an “optimistic mid-1962 assessment.” . . . But in fact the planning was first ordered by McNamara in a good critical May 1962. This was one month after ambassador Kenneth Galbraith, disenchanted after a presidentially ordered visit to Vietnam, had proposed a “political solution” based in how to write bibliographies part on a proposal to the Soviets entertaining “phased American withdrawal.” Scott goes on to point out essay television influence that it cannot be proven that Galbraith’s recommendation was responsible for McNamara’s order. But there is good reason to believe they were linked, that both reflected Kennedy’s long-term strategy on Vietnam.6 As for the proposition that no evidence hinting at how to, withdrawal without victory exists, Scott argues that Chomsky’s “internal planning record”for the most part the Pentagon Papers“is in fact an edited version of the primary documents.” Moreover, “the documentary record is conspicuously defective” for essay influence children, November 1963. “[I]n all three editions of the Pentagon Papers there are no complete documents between the five [coup] cables of October 30 and McNamara’s memorandum of December 21; the 600 pages of documents from the Kennedy Administration end on October 30.” On the second point, concerning NSAM 273, Scott writes that Chomsky reads “Johnson’s NSAM as if it were as contextless as a Dead Sea Scroll,” dismissing its importance and ignoring “early accounts of it as a ‘major decision,’ a ‘pledge’ that determined ‘all that would follow,’ from journalists as diverse as Tom Wicker, Marvin Kalb, and I. F. Stone.” Scott writes that Chomsky also ignores Taylor’s memo to President Johnson of January 22, 1964, which cites NSAM 273 as authority to “prepare to escalate operations against North Vietnam.”

In the course of this controversy, the ground had narrowed sharply. After Newman’s book, no one seriously disputed that Kennedy was contemplating withdrawal from Vietnam. Instead, the disagreements focused on four questions: Did the withdrawal plans depend on write bibliographies the perception of victory? Did Kennedy act on flies higher english his plans? Were actions he may have taken noisy but cosmetic, a pressure tactic aimed at Diem or a ploy for the American public, or were they for real? And were the OPLAN 34A operations that got under way following Kennedy’s death a sharp departure from previous U.S. policy or merely a “Government of Vietnam” activity consonant with intensifying the how to, war in the South? The publication of television children, McNamara’s In Retrospect sharpened the terms of debate.

Some key source materials, including the texts of the McNamara-Taylor report and those of NSAM 263 and 273, have been in the public domain for years. McNamara’s 1995 account of bibliographies, his September 1963 mission to Vietnam makes substantial use of the McNamara-Taylor report and the quotations presented are a study in ambiguity. He quotes General Maxwell Taylor’s apparent conviction that the war could be won by the end of 1965, but then he acknowledges that there were “conflicting reports about military progress and political stability” and phone essay, describes the how to bibliographies, impressive doubts of those he spoke with that the South Vietnamese government was capable of the effective actions that military victory required: The military campaign has made great progress and continues to progress. Defend. . . . There are serious political tensions in how to write bibliographies Saigon. . . . A Position Essay Topics. Further repressive actions by Diem and Nhu could change the present favorable military trends. Write. . . Essay Influence. . It is not clear that pressures exerted by the U.S. will move Diem and how to bibliographies, Nhu toward moderation. . . . The prospects that a replacement regime would be an improvement appear to be about 50-50. The drift seems clear enough: the Diem government is failing and there is lord of the english essay, no reason to think a replacement would be better. How To. But the references to “great progress” leave room for doubt. Meaning. Withdrawal with victory or without it? McNamara then reproduces the precise wording of the military recommendations from Section I(B) of the report: We recommend that: [1] General Harkins review with Diem the military changes necessary to complete the military campaign in the Northern and Central areas by the end of 1964, and in the Delta by the end of 1965. How To Write. [2] A program be established to train Vietnamese so that essential functions now performed by U.S. military personnel can be carried out by Vietnamese by the end of 1965.

It should be possible to withdraw the bulk of U.S. personnel by forms and styles an essay, that time. How To. [3] In accordance with the program to train progressively Vietnamese to take over military functions, the Defense Department should announce in the very near future presently prepared plans to withdraw 1000 U.S. military personnel by the end of 1963. The report then went on to make a number of recommendations to lord higher english, “impress upon Diem our disapproval of how to write bibliographies, his political program.” These matters dealt with the forms and styles of writing an essay, repression of the Buddhists and related issues; the recommendation to announce plans to withdraw 1,000 soldiers is not listed under this heading. The reason for the ambiguity over the military situation, as well as the how to write bibliographies, vague “it should be possible” wording of the second recommendation, becomes clearer when McNamara describes the National Security Council meeting of October 2, 1963, which revealed a “total lack of consensus” over the battlefield situation: One faction believed military progress had been good and training had progressed to the point where we could begin to withdraw. A second faction did not see the defend a position essay topics, war as progressing well and did not see the South Vietnamese showing evidence of successful training.

But they, too, agreed that we should begin to withdraw. . Bibliographies. . . The third faction, representing the majority, considered the South Vietnamese trainable but believed our training had not been in place long enough to achieve results and, therefore, should continue at television, current levels. As McNamara’s 1986 oral history, on deposit at the Lyndon Baines Johnson Library, makes clear (but his book does not), he was himself in the second group, who favored withdrawal without victorynot necessarily admitting or even predicting defeat, but accepting uncertainty as to what would follow. The denouement came shortly thereafter: After much debate, the president endorsed our recommendation to withdraw 1,000 men by December 31, 1963. He did so, I recall, without indicating his reasoning. In any event, because objections had been so intense and because I suspected others might try to write bibliographies, get him to reverse the decision, I urged him to of names essay, announce it publicly. That would set it in concrete. . How To Write. . . The president finally agreed, and the announcement was released by Pierre Salinger after the meeting. Before a large audience at the LBJ Library on forms and styles May 1, 1995, McNamara restated his account of this meeting and stressed its importance. He confirmed that President Kennedy’s action had three elements: (1) complete withdrawal “by December 31, 1965,” (2) the first 1,000 out by the end of 1963, and (3) a public announcement, to how to write bibliographies, set these decisions “in concrete,” which was made. McNamara also added the critical information that there exists a tape of this meeting, in the John F. Kennedy Library in essay Boston, to which he had access and on which his account is based. The existence of a taping system in bibliographies JFK’s oval office had become known over the years, particularly through the release of partial transcripts of the historic meeting of the “ExComm” during the writing essay, Cuban Missile Crisis of October 1962.

But the full extent of how to write bibliographies, Kennedy’s taping was not known. And, according to McNamara, access to particular tapes was tightly controlled by a position essay topics, representatives of the Kennedy family. When McNamara spoke in Austin, only he and his coauthor, Brian VanDeMark, had been granted the privilege of listening to the actual tape recordings of Kennedy’s White House meetings on Vietnam. In 1997, however, this situation changed. How To. The Assassination Records Review Board (ARRB), an independent civilian body established under the 1992 JFK Records Act that has already been responsible for the release of millions of pages of official records deemed relevant to Kennedy’s assassination, ruled that his tapes relating to Vietnam decision-making should be released.

In July the JFK Library began releasing key tapes, including those of the withdrawal meetings on meaning essay October 2 and 5, 1963.7. A careful review of the how to write, October 2 meeting makes clear that McNamara’s account is essentially accurate and even to some degree understated. One can hear McNamarathe voice is unmistakablearguing for a firm timetable to withdraw all U.S. forces from Vietnam, whether the war can be won in 1964, which he doubts, or not. McNamara is emphatic: “We need a way to get out of Vietnam, and this is a way of doing it.” In Retrospect’s discussion of Kennedy’s decision to withdraw ends at critical essay, this point.

McNamara makes no mention of NSAM 263. However, on the tape of the meeting of October 5, 1963, one can clearly hear a voiceit may be Robert McNamara or McGeorge Bundyasking President John F. Kennedy for “formal approval” of “items one, two, and three” on a paper evidently in front of them. It is clear that one of how to bibliographies, these items is the recommendation to withdraw 1,000 men by the end of 1963, the rationale being that they are no longer needed. This short exchange is thus unmistakably a request for a formal presidential decision concerning the McNamara-Taylor recommendations. After a short discussion of the a good, possible political effect in Vietnam of announcing this decision, the voice of JFK can be clearly heard: “Let’s go on ahead and do it,” followed by how to bibliographies, a few words deciphered by historian George Eliades as “without making a public statement about it.” Unfortunately, the last White House tape from the Kennedy administration is a position topics, dated November 7, 1963.

The archivists at the JFK Library have no information on why the write bibliographies, tapings either ended or are unavailable for later dates. English Essay. McNamara states that he has “no specific memory” of the how to write bibliographies, Honolulu Conference that he was sent to chair on November 20, 1963. The President of the United States does not make decisions in a vacuum. Agencies have to be notified, plans have to be made, actions have to be taken. Part of the cell phone are dangerous essay, enduring doubt over write, Kennedy’s decision to withdraw U.S. forces from Vietnam surely stems from the failure of this decision to cast a shadow in writing critical the primary record, and particularly in the Pentagon Papers, on which so many historians have relied for write bibliographies, so many years. Furthermore, a persistent skeptic can still point to the “it should be possible” language of the McNamara-Taylor Report with respect to the final date of 1965 as leaving an “out” for the case where the a good critical, military situation might turn sour. In two years and two months, much can happen, as events would prove. But as Scott already pointed out to Chomsky in 1993, the primary record available to date has been heavily edited. Documents from November 1, 1963, through early December are conspicuously missing.

So, we now learn, are many others. In January 1998, again under the supervision of the ARRB, about 900 pages of new materials were declassified and released from the JCS archives. These include important records from write bibliographies, May 1963, from of names essay, October, and from the period immediately following Kennedy’s death; many had been reviewed for declassification in 1989 but were not declassified at that time. They clarify considerably the nature of the “presently prepared plans” referred to in the McNamara-Taylor third recommendation, and they give the military leadership’s interpretation of the direction they were getting from JFK. Since it is well known that the Pentagon did not favor withdrawal, it is fair to assume that if wiggle room existed in the President’s instructions it would surface in these documents. Many of the new documents relate to the Eighth Secretary of Defense Conference, held in Honolulu on May 6, 1963. Here one gets a taste of McNamara’s skepticism and the replies of the how to bibliographies, brass. For instance, at one point the secretary extracts a concession that “50-60 percent of VC weapons were of U.S. Cell Are Dangerous. origin.” A bit later, we read: “GEN HARKINS stated that for how to write bibliographies, effective control the border should be defined, marked and cleared similar to the Greek boundary with Albania and Bulgaria. However, this cannot be done in the foreseeable future.”

Turning to a good critical essay, the development of how to write, a “comprehensive plan,” the documents immediately reflect discussions of cell are dangerous essay, a phase-down in the U.S. presence. How To Write Bibliographies. For instance: “SEC MCNAMARA stated that our efforts should be directed toward turning over equipment now in U.S. units supporting the Vietnamese as rapidly as possible. He added that we must avoid creating a situation that now obtains in Korea where we are presently spending almost half a billion dollars per year in foreign aid.” A little later, we find a decision noted: “1. A Good Critical. Draw up training plans for the RVNAF that will permit us to start an how to, earlier withdrawal of U.S. personnel than proposed under the plans presented.” And: “d. Writing A Good Critical Essay. Plan to how to bibliographies, withdraw 1000 U.S. Meaning Essay. military personnel from RVN by December 1963.” Further discussion of the 1,000 man withdrawal is recorded shortly: GEN HARKINS emphasized that he did not want to gather up 1,000 U.S. personnel and have them depart with bands playing, flags flying etc. This would have a bad effect on the Vietnamese, to be pulling out just when it appears they are winning.

SEC MCNAMARA stated that this would have to be handled carefully due to how to write bibliographies, the psychological impact. Forms And Styles Of Writing. However, there should be an how to, intensive training program of RVNAF to allow removal of cell phone are dangerous essay, U.S. units rather than individuals. There follows considerable discussion of proposals to launch raids on North Vietnam. For Geneva convention reasons, it is agreed that these must be covert. How To Bibliographies. Use of Laos is not feasible; there are no land entries through the demilitarized zone. As for cell phone essay, sea entry, available boats are susceptible to weather and too slow.

Sea is the only means of exfiltration. However, for any major operation the RVN naval craft are not qualified to tangle with DRV craft. . . . Build-up in CIA resources by end CY 1963 includes 40 teams in how to bibliographies addition to 9 in essay country. New high speed armed boats will be available for infiltration and exfiltration in September, providing a year-round, all-weather capability. Thus emerges an answer to how to write, one of the critical questions separating Newman and Scott from cell phone, Chomsky. OPLAN 34A, when it emerged in November, would be a CIA operation. It could not be otherwise, for the Government of Vietnam did not possess the bibliographies, boats.8. Eventually, discussion turns to projected force structures, and a table titled “CPSVNFORECAST OF PHASE-OUT OF US FORCES” gives precise estimates, by major unit, of the projected American commitment through 1968. McNamara’s reaction to this timetable is recorded clearly: In connection with this presentation, made by COMUSMACV (attached hereto), the forms of writing an essay, Secretary of Defense stated that the phase-out appears too slow. He directed that training plans be developed for the GVN by CINCPAC which will permit a more rapid phase-out of U.S. forces, stating specifically that we should review our plans for pilot training with the view to accelerating it materially. He made particular point of the desirability of bibliographies, speeding up training of helicopter pilots, so that we may give the Vietnamese our copters and thus be able to move our own forces out.

ACTION: Joint Staff (J-3); message directive to CINCPAC, info COMUSMACV. Essay Influence Children. (Emphasis added.) The May conference thus fills in the primary record: plans were under development for the complete withdrawal of how to bibliographies, U.S. forces from Vietnam. On October 2, 1963, as we have previously seen, President Kennedy made clear his determination to implement those plansto withdraw 1,000 troops by forms and styles an essay, the end of 1963, and to get almost all the rest out by the end of 1965. There followed, on October 4, a memorandum titled “South Vietnam Actions” from General Maxwell Taylor to his fellow Joint Chiefs of Staff, Generals May, Wheeler, Shoup, and Admiral McDonald, that reads: b. The program currently in progress to train Vietnamese forces will be reviewed and how to write, accelerated as necessary to insure that all essential functions visualized to be required for the projected operational environment, to include those now performed by U.S. military units and personnel, can be assumed properly by the Vietnamese by the end of calendar year 1965. All planning will be directed towards preparing RVN forces for essay, the withdrawal of all U.S. special assistance units and personnel by write, the end of calendar year 1965. (Emphasis added.) “All planning” is an unconditional phrase. And Styles. There is write bibliographies, no contingency here, or elsewhere in and styles of writing this memorandum. The next paragraph reads: c. Execute the plan to withdraw 1,000 U.S. military personnel by the end of how to, 1963 per your DTG 212201Z July, and as approved for planning by JCS DTG 062042Z September. Writing A Good Critical. Previous guidance on how to the public affairs annex is altered to the extent that the action will now be treated in low key, as the initial increment of U.S. forces whose presence is essay, no longer required because (a) Vietnamese forces have been trained to assume the function involved; or (b) the function for which they came to Vietnam has been completed. (Emphasis added.) This resolves the question of how the initial withdrawal was to be carried out. It was not to be a noisy or cosmetic affair, designed to please either U.S. opinion or to how to bibliographies, change policies in Saigon. Influence. It was rather to be a low-key, matter-of-fact beginning to a process that would play out over the following two years.

The final paragraph of Taylor’s memorandum underlines this point by directing that “specific checkpoints will be established now against which progress can be evaluated on a quarterly basis.” There is how to, much more in the JCS documents to show that Kennedy was well aware of the phone are dangerous, evidence that South Vietnam was, in fact, losing the write bibliographies, war. But it hardly matters. The withdrawal decided on was unconditional, and did not depend on military progress or lack of it. Four days after Kennedy was killed, NSAM 273 incorporated the new president’s directives into higher english essay policy. It made clear that the objectives of Johnson’s policy remained the how to bibliographies, same as Kennedy’s: “to assist the people and writing a good critical essay, government of South Vietnam to win their contest against the externally directed and how to write, supported Communist conspiracy” through training support and without the lord higher essay, application of bibliographies, overt U.S. military force. But Johnson had also approved intensified planning for covert action against North Vietnam by CIA-supported South Vietnamese forces. With this, McNamara confirms one of Newman’s central claims: NSAM 273 changed policy. Yes, the “central objectives” remained the same: a Vietnamese war with no “overt U.S. Critical Essay. military force.” But covert force is still “U.S. military force.” And that was introduced or at least first approved, as McNamara writes, by NSAM 273 within four days of write bibliographies, Kennedy’s assassination.Moreover, McNamara effectively supports Newman on the meaning of NSAM 273’s seventh paragraph, which was inserted in the draft (as we have seen) sometime between November 21 and essay, 26after the Honolulu meeting had adjourned and probably after Kennedy died.

A final military document is relevant here. Dated December 11, 1963, it is titled “Department of Defense Actions to Implement NSAM No. 273, 26 November 1963.” This document was prepared by Marine Lieutenant Colonel M. C. Dalby; it is from CINCPAC files and is labeled “Group 1Excluded from Automatic Downgrading and Declassification.” The document begins coldly: “After reviewing the recent discussions of write, South Vietnam which occurred in Honolulu and after discussing the matter further with Ambassador Lodge, the lord of the flies, President directed that certain guidance be issued to various Government Agencies. This was promulgated in the form of National Security Action Memorandum 273, 26 November 1963.” There is no reference to the change of commander in chief, which had occurred within the time frame indicated by the opening sentence. The particular importance of how to write, this document is its reference to paragraph 7 of NSAM 273. Planning for intensified action against meaning of names essay, North Vietnam was directed following the Honolulu Conference (JCS 3697, 26 Nov 1963) in the form of a 12-month program. Bibliographies. . . . A deadline of 20 Dec 63 has been set for completion of the plan. There are then notes that these requirements were communicated to cell are dangerous essay, CINCPAC and COMUSMACV on December 2, with a reply from how to bibliographies, COMUSMACV on December 3. CIA station guidance, however, happened even more rapidly than that: CIA guidance to Saigon Station for intensified planning was dispatched following the Honolulu Conference (CAS 84972, 25 Nov 63). (Emphasis added.) In other words, the CIA began developing intensified plans to implement OPLAN 34A, the program of seaborne raids and influence, sabotage against North Vietnam that would lead to the Gulf of Tonkin incident and eventually to the wider war, one day before President Johnson signed the directive authorizing that action. How this happened, and its precise significance, remains to be determined.9.

John F. Kennedy had formally decided to withdraw from how to bibliographies, Vietnam, whether we were winning or not. Robert McNamara, who did not believe we were winning, supported this decision.10 The first stage of withdrawal had been ordered. The final date, two years later, had been specified. Essay. These decisions were taken, and even placed, in an oblique and carefully limited way, before the public. Howard Jones makes two large contributions to this tale. One of write bibliographies, them is simply range, depth, and completeness. His recent book Death of a Generation is a full history of how the assassinations of Diem and then of JFK prolonged a war that otherwise might have ended quietly within a few years. Where this essay has presented the story-within-a-story of just a few Washington weeks, Jones goes back to the start of the 1960s, chronicling the struggle for power and policy that marked the essay, whole of Kennedy’s thousand days. And he presents a reasonably complete account of the write, archival record surrounding the television children, withdrawal decisions of how to, October 1963. Equally important, Jones’s reach extends to Saigon.

In a long and fascinating section he outlines the intrigues that led to the murders of essay, Diem and his brother Ngo Dinh Nhu on November 1, 1963. Bibliographies. Here, Kennedy’s White House appears at its worst. It was fractious, disorganized, preoccupied with American politics, ignorant of the forces it faced in essay Vietnam. Diem’s mistreatment of the Buddhists, which provoked the how to write, monk Quang Duc to burn himself on a Saigon street in June 1963, traumatized the defend a position, White House. And following that incident, Madame Nhu and her remarks about “barbecued bonzes” were an irritant out of how to bibliographies, proportion to their importance.

Thus, in part, the a good essay, decision to dissociate from Diem. In August 1963 it was a faction of how to write bibliographies, subordinates (Averell Harriman, Roger Hilsman, Michael Forrestal) who seized the opportunity to foment a Saigon coup, taking advantage of the absence of the forms of writing an essay, most senior officials over a Washington weekend. Then, having set events in write motion, the White House became preoccupied with a deniability that was wholly implausible. Partly as a result it had limited contact with the conspirators and was unable to protect Diem and Nhu when the coup came. Diem was indefensible in many ways.

But the coup went forward with no alternative in defend view; and as the how to write bibliographies, French ambassador to Saigon put it at the time: “any other government will be even more dependent on the Americans, will be obedient to them in all things, and so there will be no chance for peace.” Meanwhile, there are tantalizing undercurrents of what might have been. Was Nhu in discussions with intermediaries for Ho Chi Minh, with the possibility that there might have been a deal between North and South to boot the Americans from Vietnam? It appears that he was. And had he succeeded, it would have saved infinite trouble. U.S. policy over essay, Vietnam changed again in late November1963. The main change was a decision to authorize OPLAN 34-Aminor but fateful commando raids against targets in the North. The decision to launch covert attacks on North Vietnam does not by itself establish that Lyndon Johnson wanted a larger war. As tapes recently released from the write bibliographies, LBJ Library establish, Johnson also knew that Vietnam was a trap, a tragedy in the making. He feared that a catastrophe would follow.

In this respect, Johnson and Kennedy were similar. And yet, Johnson could not muster Kennedy’s determination, one might say blind determination, to avoid the disaster. He acceded to proposals for covert action, and he promised the military, on November 24, that they could have what they wanted. And so the sequence of writing critical essay, events that led to the Tonkin Gulf, to our retaliation, to the North Vietnamese decision to introduce their own main forces in the South, and to how to bibliographies, our decision to introduce main forces, played out. Phone Are Dangerous. The days from how to, Honolulu to NSAM 273, November 20 to 26, 1963, simply marked the first turning point. It is not difficult to understand why Johnson felt obliged to assert his commitment to Vietnam in November 1963.

To continue with Kennedy’s withdrawal, after his death, would have been difficult, since the American public had not been told that the essay, war was being lost. Write. Nor had they been told that Kennedy had actually ordered our withdrawal. To maintain our commitment, therefore, was to maintain the illusion of continuity, and thisin the moment of trauma that followed the assassinationwas Johnson’s paramount political objective. Moreover, delay in the resolution of the Vietnam problem in late 1963 did not necessarily entail the war that followed. Topics. Our commitment then was still small.

Tonkin Gulf and its aftermath lay almost a year into how to write the future. A Good. Notwithstanding the commando raids, a diplomatic solution might have been found later on. Left in charge, Lyndon Johnson temporized, agonized, and how to, cursed the fates. But ultimately he committed us to war that he knew in advance would be practically impossible to win. Writing Critical Essay. Nothing can erase this. And yet meanwhile, alongside McNamara, he too prevented any steps that might lead to an invasion of the bibliographies, North, direct conflict with China, and nuclear confrontation. He bided his time, until the trauma of television, Tet in January of 1968 and how to bibliographies, his own departure from politics in March liberated him to do what Kennedy had done over Laos in 1961: send Harriman to end it at the negotiating table. Why did Johnson do it? He was not misinformed about the prospects for sucess.

He was not crazy. His political fate in 1964 did not depend on a show of toughness. But one possibility is that the alternatives, as he saw them, were worse. To appreciate this possibility, one needs to grasp not one but two exceptionally thorny nettles: that of the strategic balance in meaning of names essay the early 1960s on the one hand, and how to write, that of the assassination of John F. Kennedy on the other. In contemplating Johnson’s dilemma we find ourselves poised between the two black holes of the modern history of the United States.11. Kennedy’s decision to defend a position essay topics, withdraw from write, Vietnam was, as Jones writes, “unconditional, for he approved a calendar of events that did not necessitate a victory.” It was also part of a larger strategy, of a sequence that included the children, Laos and Berlin settlements in 1961, the non-invasion of Cuba in 1962, the Test Ban Treaty in how to write bibliographies 1963. Kennedy subordinated the timing of these events to politics: he was quite prepared to leave soldiers in lord of the essay harm’s way until after his own reelection. His larger goal after that was to settle the Cold War, without either victory or defeata strategic vision laid out in JFK’s commencement speech at American University on June 10, 1963. And that was, partly, a question of atomic survivala subject that can only be said to have obsessed America’s civilian leadership in those days, and for how to write bibliographies, very good reason. The Soviet Union, which had at that time only four intercontinental rockets capable of hitting the U.S. Defend. mainland, was not the danger that rational men most feared.

The United States held an overwhelming nuclear advantage in late 1963. Accordingly, our nuclear plans were not actually about deterrence. Rather, then as evidently again now, they envisioned preventive war fought over write bibliographies, a pretext.12 There were those who were dedicated to carrying out those plans at the appropriate moment. In July 1961, the nuclear planners had specified that the essay topics, optimal moment for such an attack would come at the end of 1963. And yet, standing against them (as Daniel Ellsberg was told at how to, the time), the essay, civilian leaders of the United States were determined never, under any circumstances, to allow U.S. nuclear weapons to be used firstnot in Laos or Vietnam, nor against China, not over Cuba or Berlin, nor against the Soviet Union. How To Bibliographies. For political reasons, at a moment when Americans had been propagandized into cell phone essay thinking of the atomic bomb as their best defense, this was the how to bibliographies, deepest secret of the time. Was it also a deadly secret? Did LBJ have reason to and styles of writing an essay, fear, on the day he took office, that he was facing a nuclear coup d’etat?13 Similar questions have engendered scorn for how to write bibliographies, 40 years. But they are not illegitimateno more so, let me venture, than the essay, idea that Kennedy really had decided to quit Vietnam. Perhaps someday a historian will answer them as well as Howard Jones has now resolved the bibliographies, Vietnam puzzle. Meanwhile, let us hope that we might learn something about the need to recognize and cope with policy failure.

And as for the truth behind the darkest state secrets, let us also hope that the victims of September 11, 2001, don’t have to wait as long. James K. Galbraith, a 2003 Carnegie Scholar, holds the Lloyd M. Bentsen, Jr., Chair of Government/Business Relations at meaning, the Lyndon B. Johnson School of Public Affairs, University of Texas at Austin. 1 JFK and Vietnam has an odd story, in write which I should acknowledge a small role. And Styles Of Writing An Essay. On release, it received a front-page review by Arthur Schlesinger Jr. in the New York Times Book Review. But of write bibliographies, some 32,000 copies printed (in two printings, according to meaning essay, Newman) only about 10,000 were sold before Warner Books abruptly ceased selling the hardcovera fact I discovered on my own in the fall of 1993, when I attempted to assign it to a graduate class. I met Newman in November 1993, partly through the good offices of the LBJ Library. I carried his grievance personally to an honorable high official of Time Warner, whose intervention secured the return of how to write, his rights. Still, the meaning essay, hardback was never reissued, and how to write bibliographies, no paperback has appeared. 2 “Counterfactual Historical Reasoning: NSAM 263 and NSAM 273,” mimeo for a conference at the LBJ Library, 1415 October 1993, published as “NSAM 263 and 273: Manipulating History” in a position topics Lloyd C. How To Write Bibliographies. Gardner and Ted Gittinger, eds., Vietnam: The Early Decisions (University of Texas Press, 1997). 3 Reeves, author of President Kennedy: Profile of essay, Power, made this argument in a televised lecture at the LBJ Library in early 1995.

4 In a contribution to Vietnam: The Early Decisions, Newman adds a further reason: Kennedy had, on October 2, allowed McNamara and Taylor to announce, as their recommended target date, that the withdrawal be completed by 1965. It would have been awkward to follow just three days later with a presidential decision making clear that the timetable was, in fact, a firm one. 5 The fate of these commandos surfaced in the New York Times of 14 April 1995, where it was reported that after 30 years in how to write bibliographies prison, many were denied immigration to lord english essay, the United States because of bibliographies, a lack of service records. 6 My father has said many times that Kennedy sent him to Vietnam “because he knew I did not have an open mind.” 7 I requested release of the tapes in a letter to the ARRB in November 1996. 8 CINCPAC was developing these plans, but they had not been shown to JFK, according to Newman. 9 According to Newman, LBJ took a belligerent tone at his first Vietnam meeting as President on November 24, and meaning, McGeorge Bundy attributed the escalatory language in how to write NSAM 273 to this. However, by any standard the CIA moved quickly, and by this account it relied on the discussions at Honoluluwhich occurred while JFK was still alive. 10 I have in a position topics this narrative deliberately underplayed the how to, role of my own father, who was repeatedly called upon by Kennedy to deliver arguments in favor of disengagement from Vietnam, and whose 1962 recommendation for essay, phased withdrawal was probably the how to bibliographies, basis of the 1963 orders.

My father did not know that the phone are dangerous essay, actual decision was taken in October 1963, but he is in no doubt as to Kennedy’s determination: he recalls Kennedy in 1962 saying to him privately and unmistakably that withdrawal from Vietnam, as that from Laos and the detachment from Cuba, was a matter of political timing. 11 My father retains a distinct, chilling recollection of LBJ’s words to him, in write bibliographies private, on one of their last meetings before the meaning, Vietnam War finally drove them apart: “You may not like what I’m doing in Vietnam, Ken, but you would not believe what would happen if I were not here.” 12 Heather Purcell and I documented these nightmares in an article published in 1994 entitled “Did the U.S. Military Plan a Nuclear First Strike for 1963?” It is still available on the website of the American Prospect. When once I asked the late Walt Rostow if he knew anything about the National Security Council meeting of July 20, 1961 (at which these plans were presented), he responded with no hesitation: “Do you mean the how to, one where they wanted to blow up the world?” 13 There is no doubt that the danger of nuclear war was on Johnson’s mind. It also explains important points about his behavior in defend a position essay those days, including his orders to Earl Warren and Richard Russell (the latter in a phone call, a recording of which has long been available on bibliographies the C-SPAN website) as to how they would conduct their commission. The point to appreciate is that there is only one way a war could have started at that time: by writing critical essay, preemptive attack by the United States against the Soviet Union.

19972003 by James K. Galbraith. All rights reserved. Originally published in write the October/November 2003 issue of Boston Review. September 01, 2003. 41 Min read time. Vital reading on politics, literature, and more in your inbox. The German Left Is Its Own Worst Enemy. The German Left Is Its Own Worst Enemy. Kenya#039;s New Electoral Authoritarianism. Business as Usual: The Long History of Corporate Personhood. Searching for Mao in Xi Jinping#039;s China.

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Chemistry/ Chemical Reaction term paper 15274. Chemical reactions are the heart of chemistry. People have always known that they exist. How To Bibliographies? The Ancient Greeks were the firsts to speculate on the composition of matter. They thought that it was possible that individual particles made up matter. Later, in the Seventeenth Century, a German chemist named Georg Ernst Stahl was the first to postulate on chemical reaction, specifically, combustion. He said that a substance called phlogiston escaped into the air from forms of writing, all substances during combustion. He explained that a burning candle would go out if a candle snuffer was put over it because the air inside the snuffer became saturated with phlogiston. Write Bibliographies? According to his ideas, wood is made up of phlogiston and ash, because only ash is left after combustion.

His ideas soon came upon some contradiction. When metal is burned, its ash has a greater mass than the original substance. Stahl tried to cover himself by saying that phlogiston will take away from a substance's mass or that it had a negative mass, which contradicted his original theories. In the Eighteenth Century Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier, in France, discovered an cell phone, important detail in the understanding of the chemical reaction combustion, oxigine (oxygen). He said that combustion was a chemical reaction involving oxygen and another combustible substance, such as wood. John Dalton, in the early Nineteenth Century, discovered the atom. It gave way to the idea that a chemical reaction was actually the rearrangement of groups of atoms called molecules. Dalton also said that the appearance and disappearance of properties meant that the atomic composition dictated the appearance of write different properties. He also came up with idea that a molecule of one substance is exactly the same as any other molecule of the same substance.

People like Joseph-Lois Gay-Lussac added to essay television influence, Dalton's concepts with the postulate that the volumes of gasses that react with each other are related (14 grams of nitrogen reacted with exactly three grams of how to bibliographies hydrogen, eight grams of oxygen reacted to exactly one gram of hydrogen, etc.) Amedeo Avogadro also added to the understanding of flies english chemical reactions. He said that all gasses at the same pressure, volume and temperature contain the same number of particles. This idea took a long time to be accepted. His ideas lead to write, the subscripts used in the formulas for gasses. From the work of these and many other chemists, we now have a mostly complete knowledge of chemical reactions.

There are now many classification systems to classify the different types of reactions. These include decomposition, polymerization, chain reactions, substitution reactions, elimination reactions, combination reactions, ionic reactions, and oxidation-reduction reactions. Decomposition reactions are reactions in which a substance breaks into of the higher english essay smaller parts. As an example, ammonium carbonate will decompose into ammonia, carbon dioxide, and how to bibliographies, water. Polymerization reactions are reactions in which simpler substances combine to defend a position topics, form a complex substance. How To? The thing that makes this reaction unusual is that the final product is composed of hundreds of the simpler reagent (a substance that contributes to a chemical reaction) species.

One example is the polymerization of defend terephthalic acid with ethylene glycol to form the polymer called Dacron, a fibre, or Mylar, in how to write sheet form. In this reaction n is a large number of moles. A chain reaction is a series of smaller reactions in which the previous reaction forms a reagent for the next reaction. The synthesis of cell phone are dangerous hydrogen bromide is a good example: This is a simple equation that doesn't properly prove the reaction. It is very complex and starts with this:

The next three reactions are related and should be grouped together. A substitution, or single and double replacement reactions, is a reaction in which ionic compounds react with an element or another compund to form new ionic compounds. Here is an example of how to single-replacement when chlorine gas reacts with aqueous sodium bromide: Cl2(g) + 2NaBr(aq) 2NaCl(aq) + Br2(l) A double-replacement reaction between barium chloride and potassium carbonate looks like this:

BaCl2(aq) + K2CO3(aq) 2KCl(aq) + BaCO3(s) An elimination reaction is are dangerous essay, a reaction in which a compound is how to, broken into smaller parts when heated. Of Names? Here is an example when the how to, same substance is heated and goes through another reaction: 2CHClF2 -* C2F4 + 2HCl. A combination reaction occurs when two or more reactants form a single product. Of Names Essay? These are grouped into five different categories. One of these categories is associated with the combination of a nonmetal and a nonmetal to form a molecular compound. How To? Another states that when a nonmetal oxide combines with water to make an acid. For instance when sulfur trioxide and water react sulfuric acid is made:

SO3(s) + H2O(l) H2SO4(aq) Another reaction is called an an essay, ionic reaction. Bibliographies? It occurs between two ions and can happen very quickly. Of Names? For example, when silver nitrate and sodium chloride are mixed you get silver chloride: AgNO3 + NaCl -* AgCl + NaNO3. The last type of reaction is called oxidation-reduction. Write? These are reactions that involve a change in oxidation number. Defend Topics? It is an oxidizing reaction if the oxidation number goes up.

It is a reduction reaction if the oxidation number goes down. These two reactions only happen together. The number of electrons remains the same from write bibliographies, start to finish in a redox reaction. This is an meaning of names, example of an how to write, unbalanced redox equation: Fe2+(aq) + MnO4-(aq) Fe3+(aq) + Mn2+(aq)

It is meaning of names, now known that there are three types of chemical reactions. They are classified into three types: exoergic (exothermic), endoergic (endothermic), and how to write bibliographies, aergic (athermic). Influence? In these cases, energy is supplied, but the different types of reactions initiate the energy differently. Exoergic, or exothermic, reactions release energy during the reaction. Combustion is one of the write, major reactions that do this.

The burning of wood, or any other fuel, gives off heat, and the burning of glucose in our bodies gives off both energy and cell essay, heat. Endoergic, or endothermic, reactions absorb energy during the reaction. The melting of an ice cube is an example of an endothermic reaction. Aergic, or athermic, reactions neither give off nor absorb energy. There are very few cases in which this happens. There are some things that must be considered in a chemical reaction. Kinetics is one of these things. Kinetics decides The speed of the reaction and what is happening on a molecular level.

There are a few things that decide the write, course and speed of the reaction. The first thing is the reactants. Different reactants react at different speeds. Even the position of the reactants will affect the reaction rate. Concentration can have a major impact on reaction rate; the more reactants the faster the are dangerous essay, rate. Also, if the surface area of substances is increased, for instance grinding a metal into powder, will speed up a reaction. Catalysts contribute a needed substance to how to bibliographies, the reaction to control the cell are dangerous, reaction rate.

They are responsible for lowering the write, activation energy. The catalyst is an outside substance that is included in the reaction, but is not consumed during the reaction like the reactants are. They cannot make impossible reactions occur, they only contribute to the reaction to and styles, increase the reaction rate. There are also such things as negative catalysts, or inhibitors. Inhibitors retard the reaction rate. This is also a way to control reactions. A good example in nature of a catalyst is in a firefly. The reaction that releases the light is complex. Lucifern, which the firefly makes naturally, is oxidized in the presence of luciferase, another natural enzyme, which acts as a catalyst in write the reaction. Thus, the reaction makes an excited form of cell phone are dangerous essay luciferase, which soon returns to its original state.

Energy as light is released when the lucifrase returns to its normal state. The insect can easily control this reaction with an how to write bibliographies, inhibitor it naturally makes. Another contributor in this consideration is entropy. It is the writing essay, measure of energy not available for work in the reaction that becomes energy moved to bibliographies, disorder. Entropy is simply a measurement of unusable energy in a closed thermodynamic system. An acid and base reaction is another thing to of the higher english essay, consider. Acids and bases react very readily to each other. When an acid and a base react, they form water and a salt.

Acids and bases neutralize each other and form a salt as a byproduct. This reaction reaches what is called equilibria, (When a substance is completely neutral in charge and acidity). One example of how acids and write bibliographies, bases react is the meaning essay, reaction of calcium hydroxide and phosphoric acid to produce calcium phosphate and water: 3Ca(OH)2 + 2H3PO4 -* Ca3(PO4)2 + 6H2O. The last detail is the how to write, reaction conditions. The temperature, humidity, and barometric pressure will affect the reaction. Even a slight change in any one of meaning essay these could change the reaction. Bibliographies? Heating a reaction causes the lord flies essay, particles to move faster, leading to more collisions and speeding the how to write bibliographies, reaction.

There are many branches of Chemistry that use chemical reactions, infact, almost all of them. For example, Photochemistry is one branch of chemistry that deals with chemical reactions. It has to do with the radiant energy of all kinds formed during chemical reactions. And Styles Of Writing? Photochemists will experiment with chemical reactions. They will perform reactions normally only possible at write bibliographies high temperatures in room temperature under ultra-violet radiation.

The reaction rate can be controlled for observation by varying the intensity of the essay influence children, radiation. X-rays and how to write, gamma rays are commonly used in these procedures. The most important photochemical reaction is photosynthesis. Carbon-dioxide and water combine with chlorophyll as a catalyst to give off oxygen. Photochemical reactions are caused by photons that are given off by the light source. The reactant molecules absorb the lord higher essay, photons and get excited. They are at such an excited state, they can decompose, ionize, cause a reaction with other molecules, or give off heat. Another science that uses chemical reactions is Biochemistry.

They use them to bibliographies, produce products that a person either can't produce or cannot do as well as they should. The best example of this the production of insulin. It was first produced in very tiny beads until someone realized that the body does in a very similar way. The person was Robert B. Merrifeild. He was the first to urge scientists to forms and styles an essay, study living systems for the answers to problems that could be solved with synthesizing chemical reactions in the body. This was actually the first step toward the how to write bibliographies, development of bionics. Scientists today are still toying with chemical reactions. They are trying to control them with lasers. Scientists are trying to use lasers to prod a chemical reaction that could go one way or another, the essay, way they want it to. They want to direct the molecules in one direction. The control of photons to excite molecules and how to write, cause reactions has been elusive.

Recently, though, chemist Robert J. Gordon at the University of Illinois achieved coherent phase control of forms of writing an essay hydrogen disulfide molecules by write, firing ultraviolet lasers of different wavelengths at them. Laser chemistry looks promising and is a way that chemistry is still being expanded. Again, chemical reactions are the main part of forms and styles of writing an essay a branch of chemistry. Here again, scientists are playing with chemical reactions. In April of 1995, a chemist named Peter Schultz and a physicist named Paul McEuen of the University of California at Berkeley announced that they could control chemical reactions molecule by molecule.

The key to how to bibliographies, the technique is to put a dab of platinum on the microscopic tip of an atomic force microscope. (The tip of such a microscope is a tiny cantilever that rides like a phonograph needle just above the surface of a sample and reacts to forces exerted by the electrons beneath it.) The Platinum acts like a catalyst, stimulating a reaction between two reactants, just stimulating a reaction one molecule at a time. The molecules are stimulated in a pattern giving the defend a position essay topics, desired results. This discovery opens doors for nanoengineering and how to write, material sciences. It gives a good view of what happens, one molecule at a time. Chemical reactions are a large part of chemistry. Learning more about them can have a tremendous effect on what scientists can do in the future. By studying how to manipulate them to essay television influence children, make certain products that could revolutionize the write bibliographies, world. · Chemical Reactions, Encyclopedia Brittanica MACROPEDIA, 1995, Vol.

15. · Eastman, Richard H., General Chemistry: Experimental and Theory, Holt, Rhinehart, and Winston Inc., 1970. · One Molecule at a Time, Discover, January 1996. · Pauling, Linus and Peter, Chemistry , W. H. Freeman and Co., 1975. · Reactions, Chemical, Encyclopedia Americana, 1982, Vol. 23. · Reactions, Chemical, Academic American Encyclopedia, 1991, Vol. 16. Word Count: 2096. Our writers are all Uni graduates able to work effectively on any level under time constraints.

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